CN104084440B - The shaped device of forging molding is squeezed for plastic deformation - Google Patents
The shaped device of forging molding is squeezed for plastic deformation Download PDFInfo
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- CN104084440B CN104084440B CN201410349323.1A CN201410349323A CN104084440B CN 104084440 B CN104084440 B CN 104084440B CN 201410349323 A CN201410349323 A CN 201410349323A CN 104084440 B CN104084440 B CN 104084440B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of shaped device squeezing forging molding for plastic deformation, comprise patrix, counterdie and the patrix driving mechanism be connected with patrix, patrix is provided with upper cavity, upper squeeze forging assembly and is communicated with upper cavity first crowdedly forge passage, counterdie is provided with for coordinating the lower mode cavity forming near closed hollow ring with upper cavity, the upper upper crowded swaging squeezing forging assembly and comprise crowded hole head and be connected with patrix driving mechanism, squeezing hole head is slidedly arranged in crowded swaging along squeezing forging direction, the upper forging assembly that squeezes also comprises and crowded hole head can be driven to stretch out crowded swaging on blank, squeeze hole, and make swaging is squeezed in the head retraction of crowded hole after extrusion cavities and with on squeeze swaging and jointly squeeze the crowded hole driving mechanism of forging stock material.The present invention have simple and compact for structure, with low cost, energy consumption is low, required crowded forging power is little, can reduce crowded forging molding difficulty, improve shaping workpiece internal performance and quality, shaping reliable, qualification rate advantages of higher.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to metal and squeeze forging molding technical field, be specifically related to a kind of shaped device squeezing forging molding for plastic deformation.
Background technology
It is a kind of method utilizing Principles of Metal Forming to carry out pressure processing that metal squeezes forging molding technology, mould will be put into through pretreated metal stock, then on metal stock, apply pressure makes metal stock generation be out of shape and be full of mold cavity, thus the part required for obtaining.It is a kind of few cutting or the advanced technologies without machining that metal squeezes forging molding technology, be conducive to the quality improving goods, goods interior microscopic structure and properties can be improved, also have and save material, energy consumption is low, applied range, production chains are large, technological process is simple and equipment investment is few feature.
At present, also there is a lot of technical problem in domestic and international hot extrude forging molding technology and hot extrude forging molding equipment, constrains the development of this technology.
The connection of existing crowded swaging and main cylinder piston-rod generally adopts and is threaded, and within the scope of screw strength, squeezes swaging and hydraulic energy is acted directly on workpiece blank surface, thus workpiece blank is out of shape.Squeeze swaging and contact once crowded forging molding with workpiece blank, because lifting surface area is larger, must there is very large pressure that workpiece blank just can be made to produce plastic deformation, squeeze forging difficulty crowded forging power that is large, that need also larger, this has higher requirement to the performance of hydraulic system and mould, and equipment cost and energy consumption also improve greatly; And if adopt repeatedly deformation shaping, need repeatedly squeezing forging and could meeting the requirements such as the precision of parts of multiple devices, cause existing former and energy supply system complicated, equipment bulky, investment is large, cost is high; In addition, because workpiece blank reaches required shape through disposable continuous plastic deformation, in crowded forging process, metal inside crystalline phase organizes mobility large, and this also can affect the internal structure performance of shaping workpiece, reduces the quality of shaping workpiece.
In addition, it is all adopt open crowded forging mode that current metal squeezes forging molding equipment, namely the die cavity of mould is coordinated by crowded swaging and open die cavity to be formed, blank complete shaping before squeeze be in non-closed state between swaging and die cavity, in the process of crowded forging, blank easily produces flexural deformation, cause to enter die cavity completely, and then generation substandard products, this also can reduce the mold use life-span, even can mold damage.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention overcomes the deficiency that prior art exists, provide a kind of simple and compact for structure, with low cost, energy consumption is low, required crowded forging power is little, can reduce crowded forging molding difficulty, improve shaping workpiece internal performance and quality, shaping reliable, the shaped device squeezing forging molding for plastic deformation that qualification rate is high.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the present invention by the following technical solutions:
A kind of shaped device squeezing forging molding for plastic deformation, comprise patrix, counterdie and the patrix driving mechanism be connected with patrix, described patrix is provided with upper cavity, upper squeeze forging assembly and is communicated with upper cavity first crowdedly forge passage, described counterdie is provided with for coordinating with described upper cavity the lower mode cavity forming near closed hollow ring, the upper crowded swaging that described crowded forging assembly comprises crowded hole head and is connected with patrix driving mechanism, described crowded hole head is slidedly arranged in described crowded swaging along squeezing forging direction, described crowded forging assembly also comprise can drive crowded hole head stretch out crowded swaging on blank squeeze hole, and make swaging is squeezed in the head retraction of crowded hole after extrusion cavities and with on squeeze swaging and jointly squeeze the crowded hole driving mechanism of forging stock material.
As a further improvement on the present invention:
Described crowded hole driving mechanism is connected with patrix driving mechanism and relies on the driving force of patrix driving mechanism to make Tou Ji hole, crowded hole.
Described crowded hole driving mechanism comprises the unidirectional oil cylinder be connected with the drive end of described patrix driving mechanism, and the oil-in of described unidirectional oil cylinder is provided with the control valve group of carrying out off-load when oil pressure in unidirectional oil cylinder reaches setting value.
Described control valve group comprises the on-off valve being controlled break-make by electro connecting pressure gauge.
Described patrix driving mechanism comprises telescopic oil cylinder, and the cylinder body of described unidirectional oil cylinder is integrally formed on the expansion link of described upper telescopic oil cylinder.
The oil-in of described unidirectional oil cylinder is also connected with passive type overpressure unloading valve, described passive type overpressure unloading valve comprises valve body and is slidedly arranged on the spool in described valve body, described spool is provided with the first hydraulic-driven portion vertically successively, second hydraulic-driven portion and the 3rd hydraulic-driven portion, described valve body is provided with and is communicated with the low pressure oil way of hydraulic system and drives first pressure oil cavity in the first hydraulic-driven portion, be communicated with the oil-in of unidirectional oil cylinder and drive second pressure oil cavity in the second hydraulic-driven portion and be communicated with the low pressure oil way of hydraulic system and drive the 3rd pressure oil cavity in the 3rd hydraulic-driven portion, the driving direction in described second hydraulic-driven portion and the 3rd hydraulic-driven portion is in the same way and contrary with the driving direction in the first hydraulic-driven portion, the oil pressure active area that the oil pressure active area in described first hydraulic-driven portion is greater than described second hydraulic-driven portion adds the oil pressure active area sum in described 3rd hydraulic-driven portion, described spool makes the described oil-in of unidirectional oil cylinder be communicated with the low pressure oil way of hydraulic system or disconnect by sliding.
Described counterdie be also provided with lower swaging machine structure and be communicated with described lower mode cavity second squeeze and forge passage, described lower swaging machine structure comprises lower crowded swaging, and described lower crowded swaging is slidedly arranged on described second and squeezes and forge in passage.
Described patrix comprises upper bolster, upper stress circle, upper moving plate and upper mold core, and described upper bolster and patrix driving mechanism are rigidly connected, and described upper mold core is installed on upper moving plate by upper stress circle, and described upper cavity and first squeezes forging passage and is located in described upper mold core; Described counterdie comprises die shoe, lower circle stress, lower moving plate and lower mold core, and described lower mold core is installed on lower moving plate by lower circle stress, and described lower mode cavity and second squeezes forging passage and is located in described lower mold core; Described second squeezes forging passage and first, and to squeeze forging passage coaxially arranged along matched moulds direction, and described upper cavity and lower mode cavity coordinate the near closed hollow ring that formed to be 200 ~ 850mm along the length of squeezing forging direction.
Described upper moving plate to be connected with upper bolster by the second buffer-oriented assembly and can to reciprocatingly slide relative to upper bolster, and described lower moving plate to be connected with die shoe by the first buffer-oriented assembly and also can to reciprocatingly slide relative to die shoe.
Described shaped device also comprises the discharging driven unit for driving lower crowded swaging to eject blank, described discharging driven unit comprises the sliding block be slidedly arranged on die shoe and the lower telescopic oil cylinder be installed on die shoe, described die shoe is provided with the support plate for supporting described sliding block, described lower crowded swaging is fixedly arranged on described sliding block, and described lower telescopic oil cylinder is connected with described sliding block and sliding block can be driven to slide with lower crowded swaging and stretches into described lower mode cavity.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the advantages that: the present invention is used for the shaped device that plastic deformation squeezes forging molding, when crowded forging stock material is shaping, after blank material loading, the near closed hollow ring of parcel blank is formed by upper die and lower die matched moulds, upper crowded forging assembly stretches into from the first crowded forging passage and implements crowded forging to the blank near closed hollow ring, first on blank, hole is squeezed under squeezing the driving of Tou Ji hole, hole driving mechanism, blank is made to complete a plastic deformation, when crowded hole is to certain depth, make the head retraction of crowded hole to concordant with the crowded forging end face of crowded swaging, make crowded swaging and crowded hole head synchronization action blank can be squeezed forging molding again.This shaped device according to crowded hole, dodge, squeeze forging process squeeze forging stock material, on blank, first squeeze hole makes blank complete a certain amount of distortion, squeeze the whole blank of forging again to make blank deformation be full of whole die cavity and backfill the hole of extruding also is full of, make blank at twice plastic deformation obtain shaping workpiece, on the one hand, change and squeeze forging deformation process, it is less that blank is out of shape required crowded forging power at every turn, reduce and squeeze forging difficulty, reduce the performance requirement to equipment; On the other hand, the effect of shunting material is played in the hole of extruding, and can improve the flow regime of metal and the Packing character of blank, improves the internal structure performance of shaping workpiece; Moreover squeeze Tou Youji hole, hole driving mechanism and drive sliding extension, it also can be used for the workpiece after shaping to eject, and achieves the integration of crowded hole and discharging.Meanwhile, adopt near closed hollow ring parcel blank to carry out squeezing forging, avoid open crowded forging and easily cause blank can not enter the problem of die cavity completely, improve qualification rate, ensured the mold use life-span.This shaped device simple and compact for structure, cost is low, having stable behavior is reliable, energy consumption is low, operating efficiency is high, to the requirement of equipment component and the requirement of dynamical system also low, greatly reduce the difficulty of crowded forging molding.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the present invention squeezes the shaped device of forging molding sectional structure schematic diagram for plastic deformation.
Fig. 2 is A place structure for amplifying schematic diagram in Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is that the present invention squeezes the upper sectional structure schematic diagram squeezing forging assembly in the shaped device of forging molding for plastic deformation.
Fig. 4 is that the present invention squeezes the sectional structure schematic diagram of passive type overpressure unloading valve in the shaped device of forging molding for plastic deformation.
Fig. 5 is the present invention squeezes the spool of passive type overpressure unloading valve in the shaped device of forging molding sectional structure schematic diagram for plastic deformation.
Marginal data:
1, patrix; 11, upper cavity; 12, first forging passage is squeezed; 13, upper bolster; 14, upper stress circle; 15, upper moving plate; 16, upper mold core; 17, the second buffer-oriented assembly; 2, counterdie; 21, lower mode cavity; 22, second forging passage is squeezed; 23, die shoe; 24, lower circle stress; 25, lower moving plate; 26, lower mold core; 27, the first buffer-oriented assembly; 3, patrix driving mechanism; 4, hole driving mechanism is squeezed; 41, unidirectional oil cylinder; 42, control valve group; 5, upper crowded swaging; 6, passive type overpressure unloading valve; 61, valve body; 611, the first pressure oil cavity; 612, the second pressure oil cavity; 613, the 3rd pressure oil cavity; 614, break-make mouth; 62, spool; 621, the first hydraulic-driven portion; 622, the second hydraulic-driven portion; 623, the 3rd hydraulic-driven portion; 63, flexible member; 64, oil drain passage; 7, lower crowded swaging; 8, discharging driven unit; 81, sliding block; 82, lower telescopic oil cylinder; 83, support plate; 9, hole head is squeezed.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments, the present invention is described in further detail.
As shown in Figure 1 to Figure 3, the present invention is used for the shaped device that plastic deformation squeezes forging molding, the patrix driving mechanism 3 comprising patrix 1, counterdie 2 and be connected with patrix 1, patrix 1 comprises upper bolster 13, upper stress circle 14, upper moving plate 15 and upper mold core 16, upper bolster 13 and patrix driving mechanism 3 are rigidly connected, upper mold core 16 is installed on upper moving plate 15 by upper stress circle 14, upper moving plate 15 is connected with upper bolster 13 by the second buffer-oriented assembly 17, upper bolster 13 is connected with patrix driving mechanism 3, and upper mold core 16 is provided with upper cavity 11 and first and squeezes forging passage 12.Second buffer-oriented assembly 17 comprises guide post and coil tension spring, one end of guide post is fixed on upper moving plate 15, the other end is through in the pilot hole on upper bolster 13, coil tension spring is installed between upper bolster 13 and upper moving plate 15, can oppress upper moving plate 15 and its elastic force overcoming coil tension spring is moved to upper bolster 13.Patrix 1 is also provided with crowded forging assembly, the upper forging assembly that squeezes comprises crowded hole 9, squeezes hole driving mechanism 4 and upper crowded swaging 5, the upper swaging 5 that squeezes is connected with patrix driving mechanism 3 and is driven by patrix driving mechanism 3, squeezing a 9 crowded forging direction, edge, hole is slidedly arranged in crowded swaging 5, squeeze hole driving mechanism 4 and crowded hole 9 to be connected, can drive crowded hole 9 stretch out crowded swaging 5 on blank, squeeze hole and make swaging 5 is squeezed in 9 retraction of crowded hole after extrusion cavities and with on squeeze the common crowded forging stock material of swaging 5.Counterdie 2 is provided with for coordinating the lower mode cavity 21 forming near closed hollow ring with upper cavity 11, and the length dimension scope along crowded forging direction of this near closed hollow ring can be 200 ~ 850mm.
When crowded forging stock material is shaping, after blank material loading, patrix 1 and the 2-in-1 mould of counterdie form the near closed hollow ring of parcel blank, upper crowded forging assembly stretches into from the first crowded forging passage 12 and implements crowded forging to the blank near closed hollow ring, under the driving of crowded hole driving mechanism 4, squeeze hole 9 elder generation squeeze hole on blank, make blank complete a plastic deformation, when crowded hole is to certain depth, make 9 retraction of crowded hole to concordant with the crowded forging end face of upper crowded swaging 5, then it is shaping to make crowded swaging 5 and crowded hole 9 synchronization action squeeze forging stock material.
This shaped device according to crowded hole, dodge, squeeze forging process squeeze forging stock material, on blank, first squeeze hole makes blank complete a certain amount of distortion, squeeze the whole blank of forging again to make blank deformation be full of whole die cavity and backfill the hole of extruding also is full of, make blank at twice plastic deformation obtain shaping workpiece, on the one hand, change and squeeze forging deformation process, it is less that blank is out of shape required crowded forging power at every turn, reduce and squeeze forging difficulty, the performance requirement of equipment is also reduced; On the other hand, the effect of shunting material is played in the hole of extruding, and can improve the flow regime of metal and the Packing character of blank, improves the internal structure performance of shaping workpiece; Moreover squeeze hole 9 and drive sliding extension by crowded hole driving mechanism 4, it also can be used for the workpiece after shaping to eject, and achieves the integration of crowded hole and discharging.Meanwhile, adopt near closed hollow ring parcel blank to carry out squeezing forging, avoid open crowded forging and easily cause blank can not enter the problem of die cavity completely, improve qualification rate, ensured the mold use life-span.This shaped device simple and compact for structure, cost is low, having stable behavior is reliable, energy consumption is low, operating efficiency is high, to the requirement of equipment component and the requirement of dynamical system also low, greatly reduce the difficulty of crowded forging molding.
In the present embodiment, squeezing hole driving mechanism 4 is connected on the drive end of patrix driving mechanism 3, upper crowded swaging 5 and crowded hole driving mechanism 4 is driven to be synchronized with the movement when patrix driving mechanism 3 works, squeezing hole driving mechanism 4 is the passive type driving mechanism relying on the driving force squeezing into mould driving mechanism 3 to make a 9 crowded hole, crowded hole, namely squeeze crowded forging end faces keeping that hole driving mechanism 4 can drive crowded hole 9 to stretch out crowded swaging 5 to squeeze hole 9 and be in the state of stretching out, also can make 9 retraction of crowded hole to be squeezed in swaging 5, but when crowded hole, squeeze hole driving mechanism 4 and active drive power is not provided, it drives the direction to crowded forging stock material to move by patrix driving mechanism 3, and then on blank, squeeze hole with crowded hole 9.
Above-mentioned passive type driving mechanism specifically comprises the unidirectional oil cylinder 41 be connected with the drive end of patrix driving mechanism 3, and the oil-in of unidirectional oil cylinder 41 is provided with the control valve group 42 of carrying out off-load when oil pressure reaches setting value in unidirectional oil cylinder 41.Control valve group 42 is the on-off valve being controlled break-make by electro connecting pressure gauge, such as, adopts the combination of electro connecting pressure gauge, magnetic valve and inserted valve, by electro connecting pressure gauge detected pressures, then by solenoid control inserted valve break-make.Open on-off valve pressure oil to be injected in unidirectional oil cylinder 41, the expansion link of unidirectional oil cylinder 41 stretches out the crowded forging end face making crowded hole 9 stretch out crowded swaging 5, closing on-off valve again can make the expansion link of unidirectional oil cylinder 41 keep stretching out state, and then crowded hole 9 also keeps the state of stretching out the crowded forging end face of crowded swaging 5, electro connecting pressure gauge can detect the oil pressure in the pressure oil cavity of unidirectional oil cylinder 41, more whether reaches according to this oil pressure the break-make that its force value set carrys out corresponding control on-off valve.Oil pressure during crowded hole in unidirectional oil cylinder 41 can raise because of the increase of blank reaction force, when after the force value reaching electro connecting pressure gauge setting, electro connecting pressure gauge controls on-off valve and opens and carry out off-load to unidirectional oil cylinder 41, thus crowded hole 9 under crowded forging reaction force, retraction can be squeezed in swaging 5.Because Kong Yueshen is squeezed in crowded hole 9 on blank, the reaction force of blank to crowded hole 9 is larger, oil pressure in the pressure oil cavity of unidirectional oil cylinder 41 is also higher, oil pressure value in the pressure oil cavity of therefore unidirectional oil cylinder 41 has also reacted the position that blank is clamp-oned in crowded hole 9, squeeze the degree of depth in hole as required, relative set electro connecting pressure gauge controls the force value that on-off valve is opened.This kind of drives structure only need adopt a set of driving mechanism, crowded hole can be completed by one-off, dodge and crowded forging molding, do not need to increase force piece and auxiliary control device, also the burden of dynamical system can not be increased, reduce further energy consumption, improve operating efficiency high, save equipment cost.
In the present embodiment, patrix driving mechanism 3 is upper telescopic oil cylinder, and the cylinder body of unidirectional oil cylinder 41 is integrally formed on the expansion link of telescopic oil cylinder.Namely on the expansion link of telescopic oil cylinder, offer cavity and oil-in, form unidirectional oil cylinder 41 after then the piston matched is set in this cavity, arrange like this and can reduce costs, improve rigidity and the structural compactness of driving mechanism.
Aforesaid upper telescopic oil cylinder comprises master cylinder and pressurizing cylinder, and the cross-sectional area of the piston of pressurizing cylinder is greater than the cross-sectional area of the piston of master cylinder, and be provided with the charged piston matched in the rodless cavity of master cylinder, the piston rod of pressurizing cylinder is connected with charged piston.The forging stroke that once squeezes of shaped device has three crowded forging process, and first crowded forging process is that blank is got into closed die cavity by crowded hole 9 and lower crowded swaging 7, and punches on blank.When the resistance power of blank upper end is greater than the static pressure of unidirectional oil cylinder 41, the off-load of unidirectional oil cylinder 41, squeeze hole 9 backhaul with the deformation of blank, the active force of master cylinder is done manual work to blank continuously by upper crowded swaging 5 and is forced blank deformation simultaneously, and this is second crowded forging process, in the process, the effect of shunting material is played in the backhaul space squeezing hole 9, improve the flow regime of material, thus reduce load, improve the fillibility of blank.When the total resistance power of blank is greater than master cylinder active force, oil in master cylinder rodless cavity is enclosed in cavity, the oil of whole cavity now can be regarded as incompressible cylinder body, opens the oil-in oil-feed of pressurizing cylinder, pressurizing cylinder work, the active force of pressurizing cylinder is delivered on the piston of master cylinder by rigidity oil body, be delivered to again and squeeze forging end face, force blank to continue deformation occurs, and be full of die cavity, thus obtaining the product parts of sharp outline, this is the 3rd crowded forging process.These three crowded forging process substantially improve the blank type of flow, reduce running load, thus further reduce the load of crowded forging equipment, decrease the quantity of crowded forger sequence and crowded forging equipment, reduce cost, also save the energy.
In the present embodiment, the oil-in of unidirectional oil cylinder 41 is also connected with passive type overpressure unloading valve 6, the pressure unloading of passive type overpressure unloading valve 6 is greater than the force value of electro connecting pressure gauge setting, when control valve group 42 breaks down, passive type overpressure unloading valve 6 can the oil pressure in unidirectional oil cylinder 41 reach its setting value after carry out release, avoid damaging unidirectional oil cylinder 41 and other Hydraulic Elements because of hypertonia, also the safety of staff has been ensured, especially squeeze in forging equipment at plastic deformation, it is even higher that oil pressure because of its hydraulic system reaches tens MPas, cause casualties if hydraulic oil ejection is as easy as rolling off a log.
As shown in Figure 4 and Figure 5, passive type overpressure unloading valve 6 comprises spool 62 and valve body 61, and spool 62 is slidedly arranged in valve body 61, and spool 62 is revolving body, and the inner chamber that valve body 61 coordinates with spool 62 is cylindrical cavity.Spool 62 is provided with the first hydraulic-driven portion 621 vertically successively, second hydraulic-driven portion 622 and the 3rd hydraulic-driven portion 623, valve body 61 is provided with the first pressure oil cavity 611, second pressure oil cavity 612 and the 3rd pressure oil cavity 613, wherein, the low pressure oil way of the first pressure oil cavity 611 and hydraulic system (such as, main working oil path from oil pump or Hydraulic Station export) be communicated with, first pressure oil cavity 611 coordinates with the first hydraulic-driven portion 621 and drives spool 62 to slide, second pressure oil cavity 612 is communicated with the oil-in of unidirectional oil cylinder 41, second pressure oil cavity 612 coordinates with the second hydraulic-driven portion 622 and drives spool 62 to slide, 3rd pressure oil cavity 613 is communicated with the low pressure oil way of hydraulic system, 3rd pressure oil cavity 613 coordinates driving the 3rd hydraulic-driven portion 623 to drive spool 62 to slide with the 3rd hydraulic-driven portion 623.The driving direction of the second pressure oil cavity 612 and the 3rd pressure oil cavity 613 is in the same way, and contrary with the driving direction of the first pressure oil cavity 611, and the hydraulic-driven area that the hydraulic-driven area in the first hydraulic-driven portion 621 is greater than the second hydraulic-driven portion 622 adds the hydraulic-driven area sum in the 3rd hydraulic-driven portion 623.The driving force situation corresponding slip of spool 62 suffered by the first hydraulic-driven portion 622 of hydraulic-driven portion 621, second and the 3rd hydraulic-driven portion 623, spool 62 makes the unidirectional oil-in of oil cylinder 41 be communicated with the low pressure oil way of hydraulic system or disconnect by sliding.Above-mentioned oil pressure active area refers to that each pressure oil cavity drives the actual driving area in corresponding hydraulic-driven portion.
In the present embodiment, slide with spool 62 and make break-make mouth 614 open or close in the end that the 3rd pressure oil cavity 613 is provided with break-make mouth the 614, three hydraulic-driven portion 623 that the unidirectional oil-in of oil cylinder 41 can be made to be communicated with the low pressure oil way of hydraulic system.Specifically, break-make mouth 614 is between the 3rd pressure oil cavity 613 and the second pressure oil cavity 612, end and the break-make mouth 614 in the 3rd hydraulic-driven portion 623 are equipped with taper seat, when spool 62 slides, the taper seat of the end in the 3rd hydraulic-driven portion 623 and the taper seat of break-make mouth 614 can be made to fit formation ring seal face, break-make mouth 614 is closed, or makes the end in the 3rd hydraulic-driven portion 623 away from break-make mouth 614, break-make mouth 614 is opened.When the driving force suffered by the first hydraulic-driven portion 621 is greater than the driving force suffered by the second hydraulic-driven portion 622 and the driving force sum suffered by the 3rd hydraulic-driven portion 623, spool 62 slides to the direction closing break-make mouth 614, the end face in the 3rd hydraulic-driven portion 623 and break-make mouth 614 are fitted to be closed by break-make mouth 614, the second pressure oil cavity 612 is not communicated with the 3rd pressure oil cavity 613, when the driving force suffered by the first hydraulic-driven portion 621 is less than the driving force suffered by the second hydraulic-driven portion 622 and the driving force sum suffered by the 3rd hydraulic-driven portion 623, spool 62 slides to the direction of opening break-make mouth 614, end face and the break-make mouth 614 in the 3rd hydraulic-driven portion 623 depart from, second pressure oil cavity 612 is communicated with the 3rd pressure oil cavity 613 by break-make mouth 614, now, passive type overpressure unloading valve 6 carries out off-load, the hydraulic oil of unidirectional oil cylinder 41 is discharged in the 3rd pressure oil cavity 613 by the second pressure oil cavity 612, also be namely discharged in the low pressure oil way of hydraulic system.
In the present embodiment, flexible member 63 is provided with between valve body 61 and spool 62, flexible member 63 is coil tension spring, between the inwall that this coil tension spring is pressed on the first pressure oil cavity 611 and spool 62, when the first pressure oil cavity 611, second pressure oil cavity 612 and the 3rd pressure oil cavity 613 do not pass into pressure oil, coil tension spring elastic compression spool 62, makes spool 62 be in the position closing break-make mouth 614.
In the present embodiment, spool 62 comprises the slide bar portion be slidedly arranged in valve body 61, the one end in slide bar portion forms the 3rd hydraulic-driven portion 623, the middle part in slide bar portion arranges annular boss and forms the second hydraulic-driven portion 622, first hydraulic-driven portion 621 and slide bar portion are Split type structure, first hydraulic-driven portion 621 is installed in the first pressure oil cavity 611, and the first hydraulic-driven portion 621 other end that is direct and slide bar portion offsets.First pressure oil cavity 611 and the 3rd pressure oil cavity 613 lay respectively at the two ends of spool 62, and the second pressure oil cavity 612 is positioned at the middle part of spool 62.
In the present embodiment, valve body 61 is also provided with oil drain passage 64, oil drain passage 64 is communicated with the inner chamber that valve body 61 coordinates with slide bar portion, and oil drain passage 64 is located at the position near the first pressure oil cavity 611.The hydraulic oil oozed from the second pressure oil cavity 612 to the first pressure oil cavity 611 can be discharged by this oil drain passage 64, carries out release, avoids affecting the pressure in the first pressure oil cavity 611, ensure that reliability and the accuracy of work.
The operation principle of passive type overpressure unloading valve 6:
First pressure oil cavity 611 is connected with the pressure oil circuit of hydraulic system with the 3rd pressure oil cavity 613, and the second pressure oil cavity 612 is connected with the oil-in of unidirectional oil cylinder 41.As shown in Figure 5, the oil pressure active area in the first hydraulic-driven portion 621 is S
1, the oil pressure active area in the second hydraulic-driven portion 622 is (S
2-S
3), the oil pressure active area in the 3rd hydraulic-driven portion 623 is S
3.The oil pressure of supposing the system pressure oil circuit is P
1, the operating oil pressure of unidirectional oil cylinder 41 is P
2, do not consider the 3rd hydraulic-driven portion 623 and the fitting area of boss and the elastic compression power of flexible member 63.
The pass valve power of passive type overpressure unloading valve 6 is P
1s
1, valve opening force is P
2(S
2-S
3)+P
1s
3, spool 62 be made to open, just must make P
1s
1< P
2(S
2-S
3)+P
1s
3, the oil pressure active area that the oil pressure active area due to the first hydraulic-driven portion 621 is greater than the second hydraulic-driven portion 622 adds the oil pressure active area sum in the 3rd hydraulic-driven portion 623, also i.e. S
1> (S
2-S
3)+S
3, therefore, only at P
2> P
1when just can make P
1s
1< P
2(S
2-S
3)+P
1s
3.Like this, passive type overpressure unloading valve 6 can make unidirectional oil cylinder 41 have the operating oil pressure higher than the oil pressure of system pressure oil circuit, as the operating oil pressure P of unidirectional oil cylinder 41
2reach enough high, make P
1s
1< P
2(S
2-S
3)+P
1s
3time, spool 62 just can be driven to open and to carry out off-load.The size of unidirectional oil cylinder 41 back pressure is by S
1, S
2, S
3size determine, but when designing and producing, only can change S
1size, this is also the object the first hydraulic-driven portion 621 of spool 62 being made the sliding part of separation, is convenient to make the passive type overpressure unloading valve 6 with different back pressure.
Above-mentioned passive type overpressure unloading valve 6 adopts three pressure oil cavities to coordinate with three hydraulic-driven portions to drive spool 62 to slide to control off-load, the pressure of off-load can be controlled by the hydraulic-driven area rationally arranging each hydraulic-driven portion, also the maximum working pressure of unidirectional oil cylinder 41 is namely controlled, both the operating pressure higher than the low pressure oil way of hydraulic system can be had to oil cylinder 41 by bonding, when the high-pressure oil passage superpressure of unidirectional oil cylinder 41, can slide by driving spool 62 and carry out off-load again; Meanwhile, its off-load is discharged in low pressure oil way by the hydraulic oil of high-pressure oil passage, hydraulic oil can be reused, reduce the requirement of system energy supply, reach the object of energy-conserving and environment-protective, also reduce production cost; It realizes opening and closing action by hydraulically powered mechanical structure, there will not be the situation of being failure to actuate or botching routines, ensure that the reliability of work.This passive type overpressure unloading valve 6 can directly be installed to be applied to be needed the hydraulic oil off-load of high-pressure oil passage in the hydraulic system of low pressure oil way, only each pressure oil cavity directly need be connected with the pressure oil in hydraulic system, do not need to arrange other auxiliary Hydraulic Elements and electrical equipments, have structure simple, be easy to make, be active in one's movements, safe and reliable, control advantages such as facilitating.The above-mentioned on-off valve that controlled by electro connecting pressure gauge and valve body 61 are located on same valve block, make structure compacter, and save cost of manufacture.
Certainly, in other embodiments, squeezing hole driving mechanism 4 also can be other forms of passive type driving mechanism.Such as, the combination of unidirectional oil cylinder 41 and locking pin, first driven by unidirectional oil cylinder 41 and squeeze hole 9 and stretch out upper crowded swaging 5, squeezing hole 9 by locking pin locking makes it keep stretching out the state of the crowded forging end face of upper crowded swaging 5, squeeze Kong Houzai and remove the locking effect of locking pin, crowded hole 9 under crowded forging reaction force, retraction can be squeezed in swaging 5.Or the combination of weight member and locking pin, crowded hole 9 is pulled to stretch out upper crowded swaging 5 by weight member, squeezing hole 9 by locking pin locking makes it keep stretching out the state of the crowded forging end face of upper crowded swaging 5, squeeze Kong Houzai and remove the locking effect of locking pin, crowded hole 9 under crowded forging reaction force, retraction can be squeezed in swaging 5.
In the present embodiment, drive end and the upper bolster 13 of patrix driving mechanism 3 are affixed, and upper bolster 13 is provided with stepped hole, and upper crowded swaging 5 is fixed in stepped hole.The upper middle part squeezing swaging 5 is provided with along squeezing the through hole forged direction and run through, one end of through hole is provided with pilot hole, squeezes hole 9 and is slidedly arranged in through hole, and in crowded hole, the end of 9 is provided with the slide block be slidably matched with pilot hole simultaneously, by coordinating of slide block and pilot hole, make the job stability in crowded hole 9 better.The expansion link of unidirectional oil cylinder 41 is fixedly connected with slide block through the through hole on upper bolster 13, when the expansion link of unidirectional oil cylinder 41 moves to the upper extreme position offseted with inner chamber of cylinder block upper wall, the crowded forging end face squeezing hole 9 is also just in time concordant with the crowded forging end face of upper crowded swaging 5.
In the present embodiment, counterdie 2 comprises die shoe 23, lower circle stress 24, lower moving plate 25 and lower mold core 26, lower mold core 26 is installed on lower moving plate 25 by lower circle stress 24, lower moving plate 25 is connected with die shoe 23 by the first buffer-oriented assembly 27, lower mold core 26 be provided with lower mode cavity 21 and be communicated with lower mode cavity 21 second squeeze and forge passage 22, this second squeezes forging passage 22 and first crowded to forge passage 12 coaxially arranged along matched moulds direction.First buffer-oriented assembly 27 comprises guide post and coil tension spring, one end of guide post is fixed on lower moving plate 25, the other end is through in the pilot hole on die shoe 23, coil tension spring is installed between die shoe 23 and lower moving plate 25, and compressing lower moving plate 25 can make its elastic force overcoming coil tension spring move to die shoe 23.
Counterdie 2 is also provided with lower swaging machine structure, and lower swaging machine structure comprises lower crowded swaging 7, and the cross section of lower crowded swaging 7 is consistent with the cross-sectional sizes of upper crowded swaging 5, and lower crowded swaging 7 is installed on die shoe 23 by a discharging driven unit 8.The lower telescopic oil cylinder 82 that discharging driven unit 8 comprises sliding block 81 and is installed on die shoe 23, sliding block 81 is slidedly arranged in die shoe 23, is provided with support plate 83 on die shoe 23 simultaneously, and this support plate 83 plays a part to support sliding block 81.Lower telescopic oil cylinder 82 is connected with sliding block 81 by connecting rod, and it can drive sliding block 81 to reciprocatingly slide along matched moulds direction, and lower crowded swaging 7 is fixedly arranged on sliding block 81 and is synchronized with the movement with sliding block 81.Under normal circumstances, sliding block 81 is supported on support plate 83, lower crowded swaging 7 relatively die shoe 23 keeps maintaining static, when matched moulds carries out squeezing forging, lower mold core 26 moves downward with lower moving plate 25, make lower crowded swaging 7 squeeze forging passage 22 along second and stretch into die cavity, and then lower crowded swaging 7 coordinates with upper crowded swaging 5 and implements Bidirectional-squeezing to blank.After die sinking, lower mold core 26 resets with lower moving plate 25, then drives sliding block 81 to slide by lower telescopic oil cylinder 82, makes lower crowded swaging 7 stretch out the second crowded forging passage 22 and is ejected by the workpiece after crowded forging molding.Like this; lower crowded swaging 7 possesses the effect of squeezing forging and discharging simultaneously; when lower crowded swaging 7 squeezes forging; second squeezes forging passage 22 can protect lower crowded swaging 7 not fractureed; and lower crowded swaging 7 and associated drive mechanism are all positioned at counterdie 2; reduce bulk, make the overall structure of mould more simply compact, also reduce cost of manufacture.
Compact conformation of the present invention, volume is little, lightweight, compared with oil pressure extrusion equipment in prior art, intensity and the rigidity of structure improve greatly, such as its upper bolster 13 is continuity rigid body with master cylinder, and the length of upper bolster 13 and width all reduce, thus reduce the radial degree of upper bolster 13, improve the rigidity of upper bolster 13, therefore, the present invention effectively alleviates the gross weight of main frame under the prerequisite of guaranteed performance.
This shaped device is particularly useful for the hot extrude forging molding of metal, can squeeze the part of forging shape face complexity, as disk-shaped spur gear, biconvex through hole spur gear, gear shaft, multidiameter, through hole annulus, various flange, large gauge securing member and various revolution parts etc.Adopt the present invention to add man-hour to the said goods, aforementioned three crowded forging process substantially improve its blank type of flow, reduce running load, improve goods interior microscopic structure and properties.And, during processing different parts, only need to change core rod, upper crowded swaging 5, lower crowded swaging 7 and crowded hole 9, and without the need to more other accessory systems such as mold exchange and automatic manipulator, discharge system of the present invention can adapt to the discharging needs of above different product, thus achieve same the different effect of squeezing forging molding object of equipment processing, make the part of small lot, multi items that crowded forging mode also can be adopted to produce.Crowded forging length dimension scope of the present invention can reach 200 ~ 850mm, and solving existing swaging machine crowded forging length does not have versatility, needs the defect completed by distinct device.
The present invention is under gesture pressure station can provide the prerequisite of the output function of up to ten million ox rice per second, squeeze forging assembly and can reach 0.3 ~ 0.5 meter of movement velocity per second, blank squeezes forging process and can complete within 0.2 ~ 0.3 second, blank is forced to produce geometric deformation at a high speed, be full of die cavity, obtain the product parts with required geometry, size and mechanical performance.Meanwhile, because blank extrusion process of the present invention completes within 0.2 ~ 0.3 second, the heat conduction time of blank and mould is greatly reduced.Blank generally starts to be extruded at 1000 ~ 1200 DEG C, and die surface temperature rise is below 500 DEG C, near closed hollow ring surface pressing is no more than 200Mpa, therefore, the present invention greatly reduces the requirement of the material selection to mould, as 40cr material can meet the demands, the material in upper crowded swaging 5, lower crowded swaging 7 and crowded hole 9 adopts general mold heat material, greatly reduces die cost.
The shaped device squeezing forging molding for plastic deformation of the present embodiment is when crowded forging molding, and its course of work is as follows:
Patrix driving mechanism 3 orders about patrix 1 away from counterdie 2, and mould is in die opening state; This at present telescopic oil cylinder 82 be failure to actuate, make sliding block 81 be supported on support plate 83; First control on-off valve to open, injection pressure oil in unidirectional oil cylinder 41, the expansion link of unidirectional oil cylinder 41 stretches out the crowded forging end face making crowded hole 9 stretch out crowded swaging 5, then controls on-off valve and disconnects and make crowded hole 9 keep stretching out state.
Blank is inserted in the lower mode cavity 21 of counterdie 2; patrix driving mechanism 3 orders about patrix 1 and moves downward matched moulds; when upper moving plate 15 is affixed with lower moving plate 25; adopt clamping mechanism that upper moving plate 15 and lower moving plate 25 are fastened locking; upper cavity 11 and lower mode cavity 21 form the die cavity closed, and blank is wrapped in this die cavity closed.
Patrix driving mechanism 3 continues to drive upper crowded swaging 5 and unidirectional oil cylinder 41 synchronously to move to the direction of crowded forging stock material, squeeze hole 9 also to move to the direction of crowded forging stock material with unidirectional oil cylinder 41, squeeze hole 9 to contact with blank prior to upper crowded swaging 5 and carry out crowded hole, because the pressure oil in unidirectional oil cylinder 41 is closed, squeeze hole 9 can not retreat in retraction and squeeze swaging 5, the oil pressure in unidirectional oil cylinder 41 increases with the increase of crowded hole depth.Meanwhile, the first buffer-oriented assembly 27 is compressed, and lower mold core 26 is moved downward relative to lower crowded swaging 7, lower crowded swaging 7 stretch into die cavity contact with blank carry out squeeze forge.
After crowded hole 9 is extruded into certain depth, oil pressure in unidirectional oil cylinder 41 reaches the setup pressure value of electro connecting pressure gauge, electro connecting pressure gauge control on-off valve is opened and is carried out release to unidirectional oil cylinder 41, squeeze the expansion link active force that hole 9 loses unidirectional oil cylinder 41, now patrix driving mechanism 3 continues to drive upper crowded swaging 5 and unidirectional oil cylinder 41 synchronously to move to the direction of crowded forging stock material, because upper crowded swaging 5 is rigidly connected with patrix driving mechanism 3, it continues motion and presses to blank, squeezes 9, hole and upwards squeeze retraction in swaging 5 under the reaction force of blank.Until squeeze hole 9 retraction to concordant with the crowded forging end face of upper crowded swaging 5, the expansion link of unidirectional oil cylinder 41 moves to upper extreme position makes crowded hole 9 cannot continue to retreat, and upper crowded swaging 5 and crowded hole 9 associated movement squeeze forging stock material.Finally, crowded hole 9, on squeeze the crowded forging effect of swaging 5 and lower crowded swaging 7 under, blank is squeezed the workpiece that forging molding obtains needing.
After workpiece squeezes forging molding, patrix driving mechanism 3 drives patrix 1 entirety to move upward die sinking, drives lower crowded swaging 7 to stretch out ejected by the workpiece after shaping with telescopic oil cylinder 82 at present.
After once crowded forging completes, namely start to carry out high-pressure blast cooling and surface cleaning to core rod, upper crowded swaging 5, lower crowded swaging 7 and discharging mechanism.Before being reentered into blank on squeeze swaging 5 and patrix 1 and spray lubricating fluid, and the die cavity be made up of lower crowded swaging 7 and the counterdie 2 also full lubricating fluid of spray simultaneously, new hot blank is put into again by manipulator, hot swaging machine completes automatic charge, matched moulds, locked mode, again spraying into lubricating fluid makes hot shape blank and mould be in isolation, heat transfer is reduced, and mould institute received heat is very little.
The above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, and protection scope of the present invention is also not only confined to above-described embodiment.For those skilled in the art, do not departing from the improvement that obtains under the technology of the present invention concept thereof and conversion also should be considered as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. one kind is squeezed the shaped device of forging molding for plastic deformation, comprise patrix (1), counterdie (2) and the patrix driving mechanism (3) be connected with patrix (1), it is characterized in that: described patrix (1) is provided with upper cavity (11), upper squeeze forging assembly and be communicated with upper cavity (11) first squeeze and forge passage (12), described counterdie (2) is provided with for coordinating the lower mode cavity (21) forming near closed hollow ring with described upper cavity (11), the upper crowded swaging (5) that described crowded forging assembly comprises crowded hole head (9) and is connected with patrix driving mechanism (3), described crowded hole head (9) is slidedly arranged in described crowded swaging (5) along squeezing forging direction, described crowded forging assembly also comprise can drive crowded hole head (9) stretch out crowded swaging (5) on blank squeeze hole, and make swaging (5) is squeezed in head (9) retraction of crowded hole after extrusion cavities and jointly squeeze crowded hole driving mechanism (4) of forging stock material with upper crowded swaging (5), described crowded hole driving mechanism (4) is connected with patrix driving mechanism (3) and relies on the driving force of patrix driving mechanism (3) to make crowded hole head (9) squeeze hole, described crowded hole driving mechanism (4) comprises the unidirectional oil cylinder (41) be connected with the drive end of described patrix driving mechanism (3), and the oil-in of described unidirectional oil cylinder (41) is provided with the control valve group (42) of carrying out off-load when oil pressure reaches setting value in unidirectional oil cylinder (41), the oil-in of described unidirectional oil cylinder (41) is also connected with passive type overpressure unloading valve (6), described passive type overpressure unloading valve (6) comprises valve body (61) and is slidedly arranged on the spool (62) in described valve body (61), described spool (62) is provided with the first hydraulic-driven portion (621) vertically successively, second hydraulic-driven portion (622) and the 3rd hydraulic-driven portion (623), described valve body (61) is provided with and is communicated with the low pressure oil way of hydraulic system and drives first pressure oil cavity (611) in the first hydraulic-driven portion (621), be communicated with the oil-in of unidirectional oil cylinder (41) and drive second pressure oil cavity (612) in the second hydraulic-driven portion (622) and be communicated with the low pressure oil way of hydraulic system and drive the 3rd pressure oil cavity (613) in the 3rd hydraulic-driven portion (623), the driving direction in described second hydraulic-driven portion (622) and the 3rd hydraulic-driven portion (623) is in the same way and contrary with the driving direction in the first hydraulic-driven portion (621), the oil pressure active area that the oil pressure active area in described first hydraulic-driven portion (621) is greater than described second hydraulic-driven portion (622) adds the oil pressure active area sum in described 3rd hydraulic-driven portion (623), described spool (62) makes the oil-in of described unidirectional oil cylinder (41) be communicated with the low pressure oil way of hydraulic system by slip or disconnects.
2. the shaped device squeezing forging molding for plastic deformation according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described control valve group (42) comprises the on-off valve being controlled break-make by electro connecting pressure gauge.
3. the shaped device squeezing forging molding for plastic deformation according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described patrix driving mechanism (3) comprises telescopic oil cylinder, the cylinder body of described unidirectional oil cylinder (41) is integrally formed on the expansion link of described upper telescopic oil cylinder.
4. the shaped device squeezing forging molding for plastic deformation according to any one of claim 1 ~ 3, it is characterized in that: described counterdie (2) be also provided with lower swaging machine structure and be communicated with described lower mode cavity (21) second squeeze forge passage (22), described lower swaging machine structure comprises lower crowded swaging (7), and described lower crowded swaging (7) is slidedly arranged on described second and squeezes in forging passage (22).
5. the shaped device squeezing forging molding for plastic deformation according to claim 4, it is characterized in that: described patrix (1) comprises upper bolster (13), upper stress circle (14), upper moving plate (15) and upper mold core (16), described upper bolster (13) and patrix driving mechanism (3) are rigidly connected, described upper mold core (16) is installed on upper moving plate (15) by upper stress circle (14), and described upper cavity (11) and first squeezes forging passage (12) and is located in described upper mold core (16); Described counterdie (2) comprises die shoe (23), lower circle stress (24), lower moving plate (25) and lower mold core (26), described lower mold core (26) is installed on lower moving plate (25) by lower circle stress (24), and described lower mode cavity (21) and second squeezes forging passage (22) and is located in described lower mold core (26); Described second squeezes forging passage (22) and first, and to squeeze forging passage (12) coaxially arranged along matched moulds direction, and described upper cavity (11) and lower mode cavity (21) coordinate the near closed hollow ring formed to be 200 ~ 850mm along crowded length of forging direction.
6. the shaped device squeezing forging molding for plastic deformation according to claim 5, it is characterized in that: described upper moving plate (15) to be connected with upper bolster (13) by the second buffer-oriented assembly (17) and can to reciprocatingly slide relative to upper bolster (13), described lower moving plate (25) to be connected with die shoe (23) by the first buffer-oriented assembly (27) and also can to reciprocatingly slide relative to die shoe (23).
7. the shaped device squeezing forging molding for plastic deformation according to claim 5, it is characterized in that: described shaped device also comprises the discharging driven unit (8) for driving lower crowded swaging (7) to eject blank, described discharging driven unit (8) comprises the sliding block (81) be slidedly arranged on die shoe (23) and the lower telescopic oil cylinder (82) be installed on die shoe (23), described die shoe (23) is provided with the support plate (83) for supporting described sliding block (81), described lower crowded swaging (7) is fixedly arranged on described sliding block (81), described lower telescopic oil cylinder (82) is connected with described sliding block (81) and sliding block (81) can be driven to slide with lower crowded swaging (7) and stretches in described lower mode cavity (21).
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| CN110625118B (en) * | 2019-09-27 | 2021-08-24 | 金堆城钼业股份有限公司 | Molybdenum powder glue stick upset pouring mechanism |
| CN113043519A (en) * | 2019-12-27 | 2021-06-29 | 天津中利特自动化设备科技有限公司 | High-stability bag extruding and expanding equipment |
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| GB1312703A (en) * | 1969-05-29 | 1973-04-04 | Sack Gmbh Maschf | Extrusion press |
| CN100360252C (en) * | 2002-04-30 | 2008-01-09 | 机械工业部西安重型机械研究所 | Double-acting extruding machine punching control system |
| CN202629286U (en) * | 2012-06-13 | 2012-12-26 | 山推工程机械股份有限公司 | Change-over valve |
| CN203292405U (en) * | 2013-03-14 | 2013-11-20 | 江苏森威集团飞达股份有限公司 | Closed internal extrusion forming device |
| CN203356233U (en) * | 2013-06-05 | 2013-12-25 | 株洲市文佳实业有限公司 | Functional plunger cylinder of metal plastic extrusion forming main machine |
| CN203292211U (en) * | 2013-06-05 | 2013-11-20 | 株洲市文佳实业有限公司 | Main machine for metal plastic extrusion molding |
| CN204018406U (en) * | 2014-07-22 | 2014-12-17 | 株洲市文佳实业有限公司 | For plastic deformation, squeeze the shaped device of forging molding |
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