CN104082255B - Grabber and catching method thereof is dragged at the bottom of a kind of ocean - Google Patents
Grabber and catching method thereof is dragged at the bottom of a kind of ocean Download PDFInfo
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- CN104082255B CN104082255B CN201410201056.3A CN201410201056A CN104082255B CN 104082255 B CN104082255 B CN 104082255B CN 201410201056 A CN201410201056 A CN 201410201056A CN 104082255 B CN104082255 B CN 104082255B
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Abstract
The invention discloses at the bottom of a kind of ocean and drag grabber and catching method thereof, aim to provide a kind of can effectively gather to perch at the bottom of the benthic ocean on surface, seabed, drag grabber and catching method thereof.It comprises trawlnet case, balancing weight, and at least one is arranged on the mooring anchor on balancing weight by chain, is rotatably arranged on the first reel on hull, for driving the first tumbler of the first spool turns, being wound on and the first reel pulls rope; Rotatably be arranged on the second reel on hull, for driving the second tumbler of the second spool turns and being wound on the second reel transfer rope; The output shaft of the first tumbler is connected by first clutch with between the rotating shaft of the first reel; The output shaft of the second tumbler is connected by second clutch with between the rotating shaft of the second reel; The free end pulling rope is fixed on trawlnet case; The free end of transferring rope is fixed on balancing weight, and balancing weight is provided with guide ring, pulls rope through guide ring.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of grabber gathering marine benthos, for the quantification and qualification of marine benthos, be specifically related to drag grabber and catching method thereof at the bottom of the ocean in the investigation of a kind of marine eco-environment.
Background technology
The investigation of marine benthos is important component parts of Marine Sciences basic comprehensive investigation, especially current owing to being subject to the effect of human activity, offshore bottom sediment quantity is on the increase, and badly influences the benthic community of existence in the matrix of seabed and forms and biomass; Therefore, for marine benthos investigation, research come into one's own gradually.
Usually the device adopted during current collection marine benthos is " Agassiz trawl device ", normally Agassiz trawl 17 is lain on investigation ship by pulling direct suspension of rope 2 in the trawl gatherer process of reality, ship dragging Agassiz trawl carries out benthic acquisition operations by inquiry, as shown in Figure 5.Current Agassiz trawl device has the following disadvantages when gathering marine benthos: one, drag in the process of Agassiz trawl device at ship, because rope drags Agassiz trawl device obliquely, make the pulling force that Agassiz trawl device is subject to obliquely, thus Agassiz trawl device has often easily up been dragged by rope, make Agassiz trawl device cannot well and sea bottom surface fit, sometimes be even separated with sea bottom surface, cause Agassiz trawl device to gather and perch the benthon in surface, seabed or bed mud top layer; They are two years old, because the port (i.e. acquisition port) of Agassiz trawl device is in opening-wide state all the time, after this makes Agassiz trawl device complete collection, in the process be pulled upwardly, benthon in Agassiz trawl easily by ocean current and water currents, causes the benthon in Agassiz trawl to be escaped by the port of Agassiz trawl device; They are three years old, drag in the process of Agassiz trawl device at ship, the mesh of trawlnet easily blocks by the Kia bottom sediment together entered in trawlnet with benthon, current are caused to be difficult to, through trawlnet (compose due to the too much filling of bed mud and be stored in netting gear), cause Agassiz trawl device to be difficult to collect more benthons or cause biological escape.
Such as, China Patent Publication No. CN201179967, publication date on January 14th, 2009, the name of innovation and creation is called Ah's trawlnet underwater operation loss prevention device, and it comprises Ah's trawling gear, and ball float, cotton rope form.Above-mentioned deficiency is there is equally in Ah's trawlnet underwater operation loss prevention device of this application case in the process gathering marine benthos.
Summary of the invention
The first object of the present invention has easily up been dragged by rope in the foreign benthic process of collection to overcome Agassiz trawl device of the prior art, cause Agassiz trawl device to be difficult to effectively gather the benthic problem of perching in surface, seabed or bed mud top layer, provide a kind of can effectively collection at the bottom of the benthic ocean perched in surface, seabed and bed mud top layer to drag grabber and catching method thereof.
Second object of the present invention on the first object basis is to overcome Agassiz trawl device of the prior art in the process of up pull-up easily by ocean current and water currents, cause the problem that the benthon in Agassiz trawl is departed from by the port of Agassiz trawl device, after providing one effectively can prevent collection, at the bottom of the ocean of the problem departed from by the port of trawling gear the process mesobenthos of trawling gear up pull-up, drag grabber and catching method thereof.
Three object of the present invention on first, second object basis is to overcome Agassiz trawl device of the prior art in the foreign benthic process of collection, the mesh of trawlnet is easily blocked, Agassiz trawl device is caused to be difficult to effectively gather benthic problem, one is provided can effectively to ensure in the foreign benthic process of collection, have at least a part of mesh to keep unimpeded in trawling gear, thus effectively drag grabber and catching method thereof at the bottom of the benthic ocean of collection.
Technical scheme of the present invention is:
Grabber is dragged to comprise trawlnet case at the bottom of a kind of ocean, balancing weight, at least one is arranged on the mooring anchor on balancing weight by chain, rotatably be arranged on the first reel on hull, for driving the first tumbler of the first spool turns, be wound on and the first reel pulls rope, be rotatably arranged on the second reel on hull, for driving the second tumbler of the second spool turns and being wound on the second reel transfers rope; The output shaft of described first tumbler is connected by first clutch with between the rotating shaft of the first reel; The output shaft of described second tumbler is connected by second clutch with between the rotating shaft of the second reel; The described free end pulling rope is fixed on trawlnet case; Described free end of transferring rope is fixed on balancing weight, and described balancing weight is provided with guide ring, described in pull rope through guide ring.
Drag the course of work of grabber as follows at the bottom of the ocean of this programme:
First, by pulling rope, trawlnet case is transferred to seabed; Then, ship is kept straight on along either direction, and pulling rope in this process constantly will be discharged in marine site by the first reel along ship direct of travel; Again then, after a segment distance kept straight on by ship, ship stops advancing, and by transferring rope, balancing weight and mooring anchor is transferred to seabed, owing to pulling rope through guide ring; Thus, after balancing weight and mooring anchor transfer to seabed, it will be roughly parallel with seabed that trawlnet case is restricted with pulling between mooring anchor; Finally, ship moves trawlnet case drag along seabed by pulling rope band, because guide ring is fixed on seabed by mooring anchor, and it will be roughly parallel with seabed for restricting with pulling between mooring anchor due to trawlnet case, thus in the process dragged along seabed at trawlnet case, trawlnet case can not be subject to pulling rope pulling force upwards, trawlnet case can be avoided easily up to have been dragged by rope the problem be separated with seabed pulling in process, ensure that trawlnet case drags along seabed, thus effectively can gather the benthic collection marine benthos perched in surface, seabed or bed mud top layer.
As preferably, trawlnet case is open-ended V-arrangement trawlnet case, and the open-ended formation of V-arrangement trawlnet case gathers entrance, described in pull rope free end be fixed on the V-arrangement box frame gathering entrance, have two the first sides be parallel to each other and two crossing the second V-shaped sides in four sides of V-arrangement trawlnet case, V-arrangement trawlnet case comprises the netted interlayer that formation V-arrangement drags the V-arrangement box frame of Net-cage frame and four sides of formation V-arrangement trawlnet case, V-arrangement box frame bottom described V-arrangement trawlnet case is provided with balancing pole, and the first side of balancing pole and V-arrangement trawlnet case is perpendicular, two second sides of described trawlnet case from gathering entrance toward extension, and form two pieces of parallel end cap guide plates, and two end cap guide plate and balancing pole perpendicular, the relative two sides of two end cap guide plate are respectively equipped with and are parallel to each other and run through first and second guide groove of end cap guide plate, and the first guide groove is between collection entrance and the second guide groove, slidably cover plate is provided with respectively in first and second guide groove described, the width of two cover plates be less than the first guide groove length and be more than or equal to 1/2 the first guide groove length, and the collection entrance described in two cover plate envelope screenings, automatic shutter cover plate mechanism for auto is respectively equipped with between two cover plates and trawlnet case, described automatic shutter cover plate mechanism for auto comprises two push rods paralleled with the first guide groove be arranged on cover plate side, be separately positioned on two push rod ends and the depression bar paralleled with balancing pole, be separately positioned on two depression bars, and the guide rod paralleled with push rod, the limited block being set in the fairlead on two guide rods and being arranged on two guide rods, described two push rods are between two depression bars, and described trawlnet case is between two guide rods, and described two fairleads are separately fixed on trawlnet case, on described two guide rods, be respectively equipped with limited block can be made to be resisted against back-moving spring on fairlead between depression bar and fairlead.
The automatic shutter cover plate mechanism for auto of this programme structure can realize after trawling gear sinks to seabed, can automatically open collection entrance, thus enters trawlnet case in along making benthon in the dragging process of seabed by gathering entrance at trawlnet case; When pull rope by the pull-up of trawlnet case after, automatic shutter cover plate mechanism for auto can close collection entrance automatically, thus after effectively having prevented collection, in the problem that the process mesobenthos of trawling gear up pull-up is departed from by the collection entrance of trawlnet case.
As preferably, the V-arrangement box frame in the middle part of V-arrangement trawlnet case is provided with the first grid trellis paralleled with balancing pole and protects interlayer, and first grid trellis protection interlayer is provided with screen pack on the surface, on the V-arrangement box frame of described each netted interlayer between first grid trellis protection interlayer and collection entrance, on described V-arrangement box frame, being provided with between first grid trellis protection interlayer and balancing pole to make the first grid trellis screen pack protected on interlayer keep unimpeded preventing clogging up device, this preventing clogging up device comprises the cylinder be rotatably arranged on by rotating shaft on V-arrangement box frame, some driving wheels being arranged on the bristle on cylinder surface and being fixedly installed on respectively in the rotating shaft of cylinder both sides, described rotating shaft parallels with balancing pole, described bristle extends along rotating shaft radial direction, and screen pack on first grid trellis protection interlayer and the spacing between rotating shaft are less than spacing between bristle ends and rotating shaft, described two driving wheels are positioned at outside V-arrangement box frame, and the uniform flaps extended by some radial directions of circumference on the surface of two driving wheels.
The V-arrangement trawlnet case of this programme is in the process dragged along seabed, driving wheel will drive cylinder and bristle to rotate under its flaps effect, and be less than spacing between bristle ends and rotating shaft due to the spacing between the screen pack on first grid trellis protection interlayer and rotating shaft, can constantly scrub the screen pack that first grid trellis protects on interlayer in the process of thus rotating at cylinder and bristle, effectively ensure in the foreign benthic process of collection, screen pack on first grid trellis protection interlayer keeps unimpeded, thus effectively gathers benthon.
As preferably, the spacing between rotating shaft and flaps end is greater than the spacing between the second side of rotating shaft and V-arrangement trawlnet case.This programme structure ensures that trawlnet case is in the process dragged along seabed, and flaps can contact with seabed matrix or bed mud, thus drives driving wheel to rotate, and then drives cylinder and bristle to rotate.
As preferably, the netted interlayer on two second sides of V-arrangement trawlnet case by the second gate trellis protection interlayer be arranged on V-arrangement box frame be arranged on the screen pack that second gate trellis protects inside interlayer and form; Netted interlayer on two first sides of V-arrangement trawlnet case is directly made up of screen pack.After trawlnet case sinks to seabed; a side in two second sides two of V-arrangement trawlnet case will become the side directly contacted with seabed; thus this programme arranges second gate trellis protection interlayer to protect screen pack on this two second side; effectively avoid trawling gear in the process dragged along seabed, screen pack directly contacts with seabed matrix or bed mud and screen pack is worn.
As preferably, each depression bar is respectively equipped with pressing plate, and pressing plate parallels with the second side of trawlnet case.Because arranging of pressing plate can ensure after trawling gear sinks to seabed further, automatic shutter cover plate mechanism for auto can open collection entrance automatically.
As preferably, when limited block is resisted against on fairlead, described push rod is positioned at and gathers outside entrance, the first guide groove length that the length of push rod equals 1/2.
As preferably, the two ends of two first guide grooves and the second guide groove are respectively equipped with depression bar and dodge breach.
As preferably, comprise and be arranged on the first winch on hull and the second winch, first winch comprises the first described reel, for driving the first tumbler of the first spool turns and described first clutch, described first tumbler comprises electromotor and decelerator, and being provided with brake between this electromotor and reducer input shaft, the output shaft of the decelerator of described first tumbler is connected by first clutch with between the rotating shaft of the first reel; Second winch comprises the second described reel, for driving the second tumbler of the second spool turns and described second clutch; Described second tumbler comprises electromotor and decelerator, and is provided with brake between this electromotor and reducer input shaft, is connected between the output shaft of the decelerator of described second tumbler and the rotating shaft of the second reel by described second clutch.
Drag a catching method for grabber at the bottom of ocean, this catching method comprises the following steps successively:
A: the benthon dragging grabber to be transported at the bottom of ocean to specify is gathered marine site by ship;
B: first clutch is separated, and trawlnet case is transferred to seabed by pulling rope under its Gravitative Loads;
C: ship is along either direction craspedodrome N1 kilometer, and pulling rope in this process constantly will be discharged in marine site by the first reel along ship direct of travel;
D: when after ship craspedodrome N1 kilometer, ship stops advancing; Then second clutch is separated, and balancing weight and mooring anchor are transferred to seabed by transferring rope under its Gravitative Loads;
E: first clutch engages, and is fixed by the first reel, prevents the first spool turns; Then, ship is kept straight on along the direct of travel in step C, and moves trawlnet case drag along seabed by pulling rope band, thus is constantly captured by benthon in trawlnet case; And transfer rope in this process will along ship direct of travel constantly by the second reel is discharged in marine site;
F: after N2 kilometer advanced by ship, and N2 is less than N1, ship stops advancing; Then, second clutch engages, and discharges the first reel; Again then, first and second tumbler drives first and second spool turns, and by pulling rope and transferring rope by trawlnet case, balancing weight and mooring anchor are mentioned.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
One, effectively can gather the benthon perched in surface, seabed and bed mud top layer.
Its two, after effectively can having solved collection, in the problem that the process mesobenthos of trawling gear up pull-up is departed from by the port of trawling gear.
Its three, effectively can ensure in the foreign benthic process of collection, have at least a part of mesh to keep unimpeded in trawling gear, thus effectively gather benthon.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is a kind of structural representation dragging grabber at the bottom of a kind of ocean of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a kind of structural representation of trawlnet case of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is that cover plate removed by trawlnet case of the present invention, a kind of structural representation after automatic shutter cover plate mechanism for auto and preventing clogging up device.
Fig. 4 is a kind of structural representation of trawlnet case of the present invention in the dragging process of seabed.
Fig. 5 is a kind of structural representation of a kind of Agassiz trawl device of the prior art.
In figure: trawlnet case 1, V-arrangement box frame 101, netted interlayer 102, second gate trellis protection interlayer 102a, first grid trellis protection interlayer 103; Pull rope 2; Balancing weight 3, guide ring 31, mooring anchor 32; Transfer rope 4; First winch 5; Second winch 6; Cover plate 7; Automatic shutter cover plate mechanism for auto 8, push rod 81, depression bar 82, pressing plate 83, guide rod 84, limited block 841, back-moving spring 85, fairlead 86; Preventing clogging up device 9, flaps 91, driving wheel 92, rotating shaft 93, cylinder 94, bristle 95; Balancing pole 10; Connecting rod 11; Gather entrance 12; End cap guide plate 13; First guide groove 14; Second guide groove 15; Breach 16 dodged by depression bar; Agassiz trawl 17.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail:
Embodiment 1: as shown in Figure 1, drags grabber to comprise trawlnet case 1, balancing weight 3 at the bottom of a kind of ocean, four to be arranged on the mooring anchor 32 on balancing weight, to be arranged on the first winch 5 and the second winch 6 on hull respectively by chain.First winch comprises the first reel be rotatably arranged on hull, for driving the first tumbler of the first spool turns, being wound on and the first reel pulls rope 2 and first clutch.First tumbler comprises electromotor and decelerator, and is provided with brake between this electromotor and reducer input shaft.The output shaft of the decelerator of the first tumbler is connected by first clutch with between the rotating shaft of the first reel.Second winch comprises the second reel be rotatably arranged on hull, for driving the second tumbler of the second spool turns, being wound on and the second reel transfers rope 4 and second clutch.Second tumbler comprises electromotor and decelerator, and is also provided with brake between this electromotor and reducer input shaft.The output shaft of the decelerator of the second tumbler is connected by first clutch with between the rotating shaft of the second reel.The free end pulling rope 2 is fixed on trawlnet case 1.The free end of transferring rope 4 is fixed on balancing weight 3.Balancing weight is provided with guide ring 31.Pull rope 2 through guide ring.
As shown in Figure 2 and Figure 3, trawlnet case is open-ended V-arrangement trawlnet case.The open-ended formation of V-arrangement trawlnet case gathers entrance 12.Have two the first sides be parallel to each other and two crossing the second V-shaped sides in four sides of V-arrangement trawlnet case, namely four sides of V-arrangement trawlnet case are made up of two the first sides be parallel to each other and two crossing the second V-shaped sides.V-arrangement trawlnet case comprises the netted interlayer 102 that formation V-arrangement drags the V-arrangement box frame 101 of Net-cage frame and four sides of formation V-arrangement trawlnet case.V-arrangement box frame in the middle part of V-arrangement trawlnet case is provided with the first grid trellis paralleled with balancing pole and protects interlayer 103, and first grid trellis protection interlayer is provided with screen pack on the surface.On the V-arrangement box frame of each netted interlayer 102 between first grid trellis protection interlayer and collection entrance.Netted interlayer on two second sides of V-arrangement trawlnet case by the second gate trellis protection interlayer 102a be arranged on V-arrangement box frame be arranged on the screen pack that second gate trellis protects inside interlayer and form.Netted interlayer on two first sides of V-arrangement trawlnet case is directly made up of screen pack.
V-arrangement box frame bottom V-arrangement trawlnet case is provided with balancing pole 10, and specifically, the bottom of trawlnet case is provided with two connecting rods 11 toward extension, and balancing pole is fixed on two connecting rods.First side of balancing pole and V-arrangement trawlnet case is perpendicular.
The preventing clogging up device 9 that the first grid trellis screen pack protected on interlayer can be made to keep unimpeded is provided with on V-arrangement box frame, between first grid trellis protection interlayer and balancing pole.This preventing clogging up device comprises the cylinder 94 be rotatably arranged on by rotating shaft 93 on V-arrangement box frame, some driving wheels 92 being arranged on the bristle 95 on cylinder surface and being fixedly installed on respectively in the rotating shaft of cylinder both sides.Rotating shaft parallels with balancing pole.Bristle extends along rotating shaft radial direction, and screen pack on first grid trellis protection interlayer and the spacing between rotating shaft are less than spacing between bristle ends and rotating shaft, namely bristle ends is resisted against on the screen pack on first grid trellis protection interlayer, or bristle ends is through the screen pack on first grid trellis protection interlayer.Two driving wheels are positioned at outside V-arrangement box frame, and the uniform flaps 91 extended by some radial directions of circumference on the surface of two driving wheels.Spacing between rotating shaft and flaps end is greater than the spacing between the second side of rotating shaft and V-arrangement trawlnet case.
Two second sides of trawlnet case from gathering entrance toward extension, and form two pieces of parallel end cap guide plates 13, and two end cap guide plate and balancing pole perpendicular.The relative two sides of two end cap guide plate are respectively equipped with and are parallel to each other and run through the first guide groove 14 and the second guide groove 15 of end cap guide plate, and the first guide groove is between collection entrance and the second guide groove.First and second guide groove and collection entrance place plane parallel.Cover plate 7 is slidably provided with respectively in first and second guide groove.The width of two cover plates be less than the first guide groove length and be more than or equal to 1/2 the first guide groove length, specifically, be less than on two cover plates, along the width on the first guide groove direction the first guide groove length and be more than or equal to 1/2 the first guide groove length; The width (namely along the width on the first guide groove direction) of the cover plate in the present embodiment is the length 11/20 or 3/5 or 1/2 of the first guide groove.Automatic shutter cover plate mechanism for auto 8 is respectively equipped with between two cover plates and trawlnet case.
Automatic shutter cover plate mechanism for auto comprises two push rods 81 paralleled with the first guide groove be arranged on cover plate side, be separately positioned on two push rod ends and the depression bar 82 paralleled with balancing pole, be separately positioned on the guide rod 84 paralleled on two depression bars and with push rod, the limited block 841 being set in the fairlead 86 on two guide rods and being arranged on two guide rods.Each depression bar is respectively equipped with pressing plate 83.Pressing plate parallels with the second side of trawlnet case.Two push rods are positioned at the relative both sides of cover plate, and push rod is near the first side.The first guide groove length that the length of push rod equals 1/2.Two push rods are between two depression bars.The two ends of two first guide grooves and the second guide groove are respectively equipped with depression bar and dodge breach 16.Depression bar is between pressing plate and trawlnet case.Trawlnet case is between two guide rods.Two fairleads are separately fixed on trawlnet case.Fairlead is between limited block and depression bar, and specifically, the fairlead in same automatic shutter cover plate mechanism for auto is between the limited block and depression bar of this automatic shutter cover plate mechanism for auto.Be respectively equipped with on two guide rods, between depression bar and fairlead and limited block can be made to be resisted against back-moving spring 85 on fairlead.Two cover plate envelopes hide and gather entrance, and specifically, when limited block is resisted against on fairlead, two cover plate envelopes hide and gather entrance.When limited block is resisted against on fairlead, push rod is positioned at and gathers outside entrance.
Embodiment 2: the catching method dragging grabber at the bottom of a kind of ocean described in a kind of embodiment 1, this catching method comprises the following steps successively:
A: the benthon dragging grabber to be transported at the bottom of ocean to specify is gathered marine site by ship;
B: first clutch is separated, and trawlnet case 1 is transferred to seabed by pulling rope 2 under its Gravitative Loads.
As Figure 1 and Figure 4, due to the effect of balancing pole 10, make when after trawlnet caisson sinking to seabed, be placed in seabed by state as Figure 1 and Figure 4; Now, one second side in two second sides of trawlnet case will become the side directly contacted with seabed, and a cover plate 7 of correspondence up will be pushed open along the first guide groove or the second guide groove by push rod 81 by the pressing plate 83 of automatic shutter cover plate mechanism for auto, depression bar 82 in this process, thus open the collection entrance 12 of trawlnet case.
C: ship is along either direction craspedodrome N1 kilometer, and pulling rope 2 in this process constantly will be discharged in marine site by the first reel along ship direct of travel.
Because first clutch is separated, make the first reel be in the state of freely rotating, thus when in ship driving process, pulling rope 2 constantly will be discharged in marine site by the first reel along ship direct of travel.
D: when after ship craspedodrome N1 kilometer, ship stops advancing; Then second clutch is separated, and balancing weight 3 and mooring anchor 32 are transferred to seabed by transferring rope under its Gravitative Loads.
As shown in Figure 1, owing to pulling rope 2 through guide ring 31, thus after balancing weight and mooring anchor transfer to seabed, trawlnet case is very little with the angle of inclination pulling rope between balancing weight, roughly parallel with seabed.On the other hand, the distance between balancing weight with trawlnet case and N1 roughly the same (being slightly less than N1).
E: first clutch engages, and is fixed by the first reel, prevents the first spool turns; Then, ship is kept straight on along the direct of travel in step C, and drives trawlnet case 1 to drag along seabed by pulling rope 2, thus is constantly captured by benthon in trawlnet case; And transfer rope 4 in this process and constantly will be discharged in marine site by the second reel along ship direct of travel.
The concrete operations of " being fixed by the first reel; prevent the first spool turns " in the E step in the present embodiment are as follows: the brake between the electromotor of the first tumbler and reducer input shaft, thus the first reel is fixed, prevent the first spool turns.
Because second clutch is separated, make the second reel be in the state of freely rotating, thus when in ship driving process, transferring rope 4 constantly will be discharged in marine site by the second reel along ship direct of travel, avoid transferring rope and drag balancing weight and mooring anchor.
Because guide ring 31 is fixed on seabed by balancing weight 3 and mooring anchor 32, like this when ship is by the process that pulls rope 2 and drive trawlnet case 1 to drag along seabed, pull rope and will drag trawlnet case around guide ring; Thus in the process dragged along seabed at trawlnet case, trawlnet case can not be subject to pulling rope pulling force upwards, trawlnet case can be avoided easily up to have been dragged by rope the problem be separated with seabed pulling in process, thus bed mud is constantly received in casing, as shown in Figure 1.
F: after N2 kilometer advanced by ship, and N2 is less than N1, ship stops advancing;
Then, second clutch engages, and discharges the first reel, namely removes fixing to the first reel in E step, enables the first tumbler drive the first spool turns;
Again then, first and second tumbler drives first and second spool turns, and by pulling rope and transferring rope by trawlnet case, balancing weight and mooring anchor are mentioned.
The concrete operations of " discharging the first reel " in the F step in the present embodiment are as follows: the brake brake off between the electromotor of the first tumbler and reducer input shaft, thus release the first reel.In addition, can avoid pulling in the process that rope 2 drives trawlnet case 1 to drag along seabed because N2 is less than N1, trawlnet case and balancing weight and mooring anchor collide.
As shown in Figure 2, when pull rope 2 by trawlnet case 1 up pull-up after, back-moving spring 85 will drive cover plate 7 to reset, till limited block 841 is resisted against on fairlead along the first guide groove or the second guide groove by depression bar 82 and push rod 81; Now two cover plates again seal to hide and gather entrance, thus after effectively having prevented collection, in the process of trawlnet case up pull-up, affect owing to being subject to ocean current the problem that bed mud is poured out by the collection entrance of trawlnet case.
On the other hand, due in the process that the trawlnet case of this programme drags along seabed, trawlnet case keeps contacting with sea bottom surface well (situation that especially underwater topography is smooth) always; The stroke (stroke that trawlnet case 1 drags along seabed is equivalent to N2 kilometer) that can be dragged along seabed by trawlnet case 1 like this calculates sampling area; Thus, after determining the benthon quantity in trawlnet case, the biological density obtained in unit are can be calculated, thus can to the quantitative analysis roughly of benthon situation do.In addition, if desired accuracy of quantitative analysis is improved further, can in E step, after first clutch engages, ship is motionless, and drives the first spool turns by the first tumbler, thus moves trawlnet case drag along seabed by pulling rope band, and carry out by the number of turns of the first spool turns the stroke that accurate Calculation trawlnet case drags along seabed, and then extrapolate sampling area; Like this after determining the benthon quantity in trawlnet case, the biological density obtained in unit are can be calculated, thus quantitative analysis can be done to benthon situation.
Claims (6)
1. drag grabber at the bottom of an ocean, it is characterized in that, comprise trawlnet case (1), balancing weight (3), at least one is arranged on the mooring anchor (32) on balancing weight by chain, be rotatably arranged on the first reel on hull, for driving the first tumbler of the first spool turns, be wound on and the first reel pulls rope (2), be rotatably arranged on the second reel on hull, for driving the second tumbler of the second spool turns and being wound on the second reel transfers rope (4); The output shaft of described first tumbler is connected by first clutch with between the rotating shaft of the first reel; The output shaft of described second tumbler is connected by second clutch with between the rotating shaft of the second reel; The described free end pulling rope is fixed on trawlnet case; Described free end of transferring rope is fixed on balancing weight, and described balancing weight is provided with guide ring (31), described in pull rope through guide ring;
Described trawlnet case is open-ended V-arrangement trawlnet case, and the open-ended formation of V-arrangement trawlnet case gathers entrance (12), described in pull rope free end be fixed on the V-arrangement box frame gathering entrance, have two the first sides be parallel to each other and two crossing the second V-shaped sides in four sides of V-arrangement trawlnet case, V-arrangement trawlnet case comprises the netted interlayer (102) that formation V-arrangement drags the V-arrangement box frame (101) of Net-cage frame and four sides of formation V-arrangement trawlnet case, V-arrangement box frame bottom described V-arrangement trawlnet case is provided with balancing pole (10), and the first side of balancing pole and V-arrangement trawlnet case is perpendicular, two second sides of described trawlnet case from gathering entrance toward extension, and form two pieces of parallel end cap guide plates (13), and two end cap guide plate and balancing pole perpendicular, the relative two sides of two end cap guide plate are equipped with and are parallel to each other and run through first and second guide groove (14 of end cap guide plate, 15), and the first guide groove is between collection entrance and the second guide groove, cover plate (7) is slidably provided with respectively in first and second guide groove described, the width of two cover plates be less than the first guide groove length and be more than or equal to 1/2 the first guide groove length, and the collection entrance described in two cover plate envelope screenings, automatic shutter cover plate mechanism for auto (8) is respectively equipped with between two cover plates and trawlnet case, described automatic shutter cover plate mechanism for auto comprises two push rods paralleled with the first guide groove (81) be arranged on cover plate side, be separately positioned on two push rod ends and the depression bar (82) paralleled with balancing pole, be separately positioned on two depression bars, and the guide rod (84) paralleled with push rod, the limited block (841) being set in the fairlead (86) on two guide rods and being arranged on two guide rods, described two push rods are between two depression bars, and described trawlnet case is between two guide rods, and two fairleads are fixed on trawlnet case, on described two guide rods, be respectively equipped with limited block can be made to be resisted against back-moving spring (85) on fairlead between depression bar and fairlead,
Each depression bar is respectively equipped with pressing plate, and pressing plate parallels with the second side of trawlnet case.
2. drag grabber at the bottom of a kind of ocean according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, V-arrangement box frame in the middle part of described V-arrangement trawlnet case is provided with the first grid trellis paralleled with balancing pole and protects interlayer (103), and first grid trellis protection interlayer is provided with screen pack on the surface, on the V-arrangement box frame of described each netted interlayer between first grid trellis protection interlayer and collection entrance, on described V-arrangement box frame, the preventing clogging up device (9) that the first grid trellis screen pack protected on interlayer can be made to keep unimpeded is provided with between first grid trellis protection interlayer and balancing pole, this preventing clogging up device comprises the cylinder (94) be rotatably arranged on by rotating shaft (93) on V-arrangement box frame, some driving wheels (92) being arranged on the bristle (95) on cylinder surface and being fixedly installed on respectively in the rotating shaft of cylinder both sides, the rotating shaft of described cylinder both sides parallels with balancing pole, described bristle extends along the rotating shaft radial direction of cylinder both sides, and screen pack on first grid trellis protection interlayer and the spacing between the rotating shaft of cylinder both sides be less than bristle ends and cylinder both sides rotating shaft between spacing, two driving wheels are positioned at outside V-arrangement box frame, and on the surface of two driving wheels, circumference is evenly equipped with the flaps (91) that some radial directions extend.
3. drag grabber at the bottom of a kind of ocean according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that, the netted interlayer on two second sides of described V-arrangement trawlnet case by the second gate trellis protection interlayer be arranged on V-arrangement box frame be arranged on the screen pack that second gate trellis protects inside interlayer and form; Netted interlayer on two first sides of V-arrangement trawlnet case is directly made up of screen pack.
4. drag grabber at the bottom of a kind of ocean according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that, the two ends of two first guide grooves and two second guide grooves are respectively equipped with depression bar and dodge breach.
5. drag grabber at the bottom of a kind of ocean according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that, comprise and be arranged on the first winch (5) on hull and the second winch (6), first winch comprises the first described reel, for driving the first tumbler of the first spool turns and described first clutch, described first tumbler comprises electromotor and decelerator, and being provided with brake between this electromotor and reducer input shaft, the output shaft of the decelerator of described first tumbler is connected by first clutch with between the rotating shaft of the first reel; Second winch comprises the second described reel, for driving the second tumbler of the second spool turns and described second clutch; Described second tumbler comprises electromotor and decelerator, and is provided with brake between this electromotor and reducer input shaft, is connected between the output shaft of the decelerator of described second tumbler and the rotating shaft of the second reel by described second clutch.
6. drag a catching method for grabber at the bottom of a kind of ocean in claim 1 to 5 described in arbitrary claim, it is characterized in that, this catching method comprises the following steps successively:
A: the benthon dragging grabber to be transported at the bottom of ocean to specify is gathered marine site by ship;
B: first clutch is separated, and trawlnet case is transferred to seabed by pulling rope under its Gravitative Loads;
C: ship is along either direction craspedodrome N1 kilometer, and pulling rope in this process constantly will be discharged in marine site by the first reel along ship direct of travel;
D: when after ship craspedodrome N1 kilometer, ship stops advancing; Then second clutch is separated, and balancing weight and mooring anchor are transferred to seabed by transferring rope under its Gravitative Loads;
E: first clutch engages, and is fixed by the first reel, prevents the first spool turns; Then, ship is kept straight on along the direct of travel in step C, and moves trawlnet case drag along seabed by pulling rope band, thus is constantly captured by benthon in trawlnet case; And transfer rope in this process will along ship direct of travel constantly by the second reel is discharged in marine site;
F: after N2 kilometer advanced by ship, and N2 is less than N1, ship stops advancing; Then, second clutch engages, and discharges the first reel; Again then, first and second tumbler drives first and second spool turns, and by pulling rope and transferring rope by trawlnet case, balancing weight and mooring anchor are mentioned.
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| CN201410201056.3A CN104082255B (en) | 2014-05-14 | 2014-05-14 | Grabber and catching method thereof is dragged at the bottom of a kind of ocean |
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| CN201410201056.3A CN104082255B (en) | 2014-05-14 | 2014-05-14 | Grabber and catching method thereof is dragged at the bottom of a kind of ocean |
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Families Citing this family (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN105230579B (en) * | 2015-09-17 | 2017-10-03 | 浙江省海洋水产研究所 | A kind of biological quality monitors shrimp sample collecting apparatus |
| CN107296018A (en) * | 2017-08-24 | 2017-10-27 | 国家海洋局第二海洋研究所 | Benthon collector and harvester |
| CN109197796A (en) * | 2018-11-28 | 2019-01-15 | 湖南鑫海股份有限公司 | A kind of middle layer trawl system |
| CN112535158B (en) * | 2020-11-23 | 2022-03-15 | 浙江省海洋水产研究所 | Marine benthos collection system |
| CN113016728B (en) * | 2021-02-04 | 2023-01-13 | 张晓霞 | Easily-operated separation device capable of positioning lead block of shrimp cage |
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