CN104082255A - Marine bottom trawling trapper and trapping method thereof - Google Patents
Marine bottom trawling trapper and trapping method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN104082255A CN104082255A CN201410201056.3A CN201410201056A CN104082255A CN 104082255 A CN104082255 A CN 104082255A CN 201410201056 A CN201410201056 A CN 201410201056A CN 104082255 A CN104082255 A CN 104082255A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a marine bottom trawling trapper and a trapping method thereof, and aims to provide the marine bottom trawling trapper which can effectively trap benthos perching on the surface of a seabed, and the trapping method thereof. The marine bottom trawling trapper comprises a trawl cage, a counterweight, at least one fixing anchor installed on the counterweight through a chain, a first reel rotatably arranged on a ship, a first rotating device for driving the first reel to rotate, a trawling rope reeled on the first reel, a second reel rotatably arranged on the ship, a second rotating device for driving the second reel to rotate, and a downwardly throwing rope reeled on the second reel, wherein the output shaft of the first rotating device is connected with the rotating shaft of the first reel through a first clutch; the output shaft of the second rotating device is connected with the rotating shaft of the second reel through a second clutch; the free end of the trawling rope is fixed on the trawl cage; the free end of the downwardly throwing rope is fixed on the counterweight; a guide ring is arranged on the counterweight; the trawling rope penetrates through the guide ring.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of grabber that gathers marine benthos, for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of marine benthos, at the bottom of the ocean that is specifically related to use in a kind of marine eco-environment investigation, drag grabber and catching method thereof.
Background technology
The investigation of marine benthos is the important component part of Marine Sciences basis comprehensive survey, especially at present owing to being subject to the effect of human activity, offshore bottom sediment quantity is on the increase, and badly influences benthic community composition and the biomass of existence in the matrix of seabed; Therefore, come into one's own gradually for investigation, the research of marine benthos.
Conventionally the device adopting while gathering marine benthos is at present " Agassiz trawl device ", in actual trawl gatherer process, normally Agassiz trawl 17 is lain on investigation ship by pulling direct suspension of rope 2, ship drags Agassiz trawl and carries out benthic acquisition operations by inquiry, as shown in Figure 5.Current Agassiz trawl device has the following disadvantages in the time gathering marine benthos: one, drag in the process of Agassiz trawl device at ship, because rope drags Agassiz trawl device obliquely, make Agassiz trawl device be subject to pulling force obliquely, thereby Agassiz trawl device has often easily up been dragged by rope, make the Agassiz trawl device cannot be well and sea bottom surface laminating, sometimes even separate with sea bottom surface, cause Agassiz trawl device to gather and perch the benthon in surface, seabed or bed mud top layer; They are two years old, because the port (being acquisition port) of Agassiz trawl device is all the time in opening-wide state, this completes after collection Agassiz trawl device, in the process being pulled upwardly, benthon in Agassiz trawl is easily subject to ocean current and water currents, causes the benthon in Agassiz trawl to be escaped by the port of Agassiz trawl device; They are three years old, drag in the process of Agassiz trawl device at ship, the Kia bottom sediment together entering in trawlnet with benthon easily stops up the mesh of trawlnet, cause current to be difficult to, through trawlnet (because the too much filling tax of bed mud is stored in netting gear), cause Agassiz trawl device be difficult to collect more benthons or cause biological escape.
For example, China Patent Publication No. CN201179967, in open day on January 14th, 2009, the name of innovation and creation is called Ah's trawlnet underwater operation loss prevention device, and it comprises Ah's trawling gear, ball float, cotton rope composition.In the process that gathers marine benthos, there is equally above-mentioned deficiency in Ah's trawlnet underwater operation loss prevention device of this application case.
Summary of the invention
The first object of the present invention is easily up to have been dragged by rope in the foreign benthic process of collection in order to overcome Agassiz trawl device of the prior art, cause Agassiz trawl device to be difficult to effectively gather the benthic problem of perching in surface, seabed or bed mud top layer, provide a kind of and drag grabber and catching method thereof at the bottom of can effectively gathering the benthic ocean of perching in surface, seabed and bed mud top layer.
Second object of the present invention on the first object basis is in the process of up pull-up, to be easily subject to ocean current and water currents in order to overcome Agassiz trawl device of the prior art, the problem that causes the benthon in Agassiz trawl to be departed from by the port of Agassiz trawl device, provide one effectively to have prevented after collection, at the bottom of the ocean of the trawling gear problem that up the process mesobenthos of pull-up is departed from by the port of trawling gear, drag grabber and catching method thereof.
Three object of the present invention on first, second object basis is in order to overcome Agassiz trawl device of the prior art in the foreign benthic process of collection, the mesh of trawlnet is easily blocked, cause Agassiz trawl device to be difficult to effectively gather benthic problem, provide one can effectively ensure in the foreign benthic process of collection, in trawling gear, have at least a part of mesh to keep unimpeded, thereby drag grabber and catching method thereof at the bottom of effectively gathering benthic ocean.
Technical scheme of the present invention is:
At the bottom of a kind of ocean, drag grabber to comprise trawlnet case, balancing weight, at least one is arranged on the mooring anchor on balancing weight by chain, rotatably be arranged on the first reel on hull, for the first tumbler that drives the first reel to rotate, be wound on the rope that pulls on the first reel, be rotatably arranged on the second reel on hull, for driving the second tumbler of the second reel rotation and being wound on the rope of transferring on the second reel; Between the rotating shaft of the output shaft of described the first tumbler and the first reel, be connected by first clutch; Between the rotating shaft of the output shaft of described the second tumbler and the second reel, be connected by second clutch; The described free end that pulls rope is fixed on trawlnet case; Described free end of transferring rope is fixed on balancing weight, and described balancing weight is provided with guide ring, described in pull rope through guide ring.
At the bottom of the ocean of this programme, drag the course of work of grabber as follows:
First, by pulling rope, trawlnet case is transferred to seabed; Then, ship is kept straight on along either direction, and in this process, pulling rope will be along ship direct of travel constantly by being discharged in marine site on the first reel; Follow, keep straight on after a segment distance when ship, ship stops advancing, and by transferring rope, balancing weight and mooring anchor is transferred to seabed, owing to pulling rope through guide ring; Thereby transfer to behind seabed when balancing weight and mooring anchor, the rope that pulls between trawlnet case and mooring anchor will be roughly parallel with seabed; Finally, ship drags along seabed by pulling the moving trawlnet case of rope band, because guide ring is fixed on seabed by mooring anchor, and because the rope that pulls between trawlnet case and mooring anchor will be roughly parallel with seabed, thereby in the process dragging along seabed at trawlnet case, trawlnet case can not be subject to pulling rope pulling force upwards, can avoid trawlnet case easily up to be dragged by rope the problem separating with seabed pulling in process, ensure that trawlnet case drags along seabed, thereby can effectively gather the benthic collection marine benthos that perch in surface, seabed or bed mud top layer.
As preferably, trawlnet case is open-ended V-arrangement trawlnet case, and the open-ended formation of V-arrangement trawlnet case gathers entrance, described in pull rope free end be fixed near gathering on the V-arrangement box frame of entrance, in four sides of V-arrangement trawlnet case, have two the first sides that are parallel to each other and two crossing the second V-shaped sides, V-arrangement trawlnet case comprises that forming V-arrangement drags the netted interlayer of the V-arrangement box frame of Net-cage frame and four sides of formation V-arrangement trawlnet case, the V-arrangement box frame of described V-arrangement trawlnet case bottom is provided with balancing pole, and the first side of balancing pole and V-arrangement trawlnet case is perpendicular, two second sides of described trawlnet case are from gathering entrance toward extension, and form two parallel end cap guide plates, and two end cap guide plate and balancing pole perpendicular, on the relative two sides of two end cap guide plate, be respectively equipped with first and second guide groove that is parallel to each other and runs through end cap guide plate, and the first guide groove is gathering between entrance and the second guide groove, in described first and second guide groove, be slidably provided with respectively cover plate, the width of two cover plates is less than the length of the first guide groove and is more than or equal to the first guide groove length of 1/2, and two cover plate envelopes hide described collection entrance, between two cover plates and trawlnet case, be respectively equipped with automatic shutter cover plate mechanism for auto, described automatic shutter cover plate mechanism for auto comprises two push rods that parallel with the first guide groove that are arranged on cover plate side, the depression bar that is separately positioned on two push rod ends and parallels with balancing pole, be separately positioned on two depression bars, and the guide rod paralleling with push rod, be set in the fairlead on two guide rods and be arranged on the limited block on two guide rods, described two push rods are between two depression bars, and described trawlnet case is between two guide rods, and described two fairleads are separately fixed on trawlnet case, on described two guide rods, between depression bar and fairlead, are respectively equipped with and can make limited block be resisted against the back-moving spring on fairlead.
The automatic shutter cover plate mechanism for auto of this programme structure can be realized and sinking to behind seabed when trawling gear, can automatically open collection entrance, thereby in trawlnet case drags process along seabed, make benthon enter in trawlnet case by gathering entrance; When pulling rope by after the pull-up of trawlnet case, automatic shutter cover plate mechanism for auto can be closed collection entrance automatically, thereby has effectively prevented after collection, in the trawling gear problem that up the process mesobenthos of pull-up is departed from by the collection entrance of trawlnet case.
As preferably, the V-arrangement box frame at V-arrangement trawlnet case middle part is provided with the first grid trellis protection interlayer paralleling with balancing pole, and first grid trellis protection interlayer surface is provided with screen pack, described each netted interlayer is on the V-arrangement box frame between first grid trellis protection interlayer and collection entrance, on described V-arrangement box frame, between first grid trellis protection interlayer and balancing pole, be provided with the screen pack that can make first grid trellis protect on interlayer and keep unimpeded preventing clogging up device, this preventing clogging up device comprises by rotating shaft and is rotatably arranged on the cylinder on V-arrangement box frame, somely be arranged on the bristle on cylinder surface and be fixedly installed on respectively the driving wheel in the rotating shaft of cylinder both sides, described rotating shaft parallels with balancing pole, described bristle radially extends along rotating shaft, and the screen pack on first grid trellis protection interlayer and the spacing between rotating shaft are less than the spacing between bristle ends and rotating shaft, described two driving wheels are positioned at V-arrangement box frame outside, and circumferentially uniform by some flaps that radially extend on the surface of two driving wheels.
The V-arrangement trawlnet case of this programme is in the process dragging along seabed, driving wheel will drive cylinder and bristle to rotate under its flaps effect, and because the screen pack on first grid trellis protection interlayer and the spacing between rotating shaft are less than the spacing between bristle ends and rotating shaft, thereby can constantly scrub the screen pack on first grid trellis protection interlayer in the process of cylinder and bristle rotation, effectively ensure in the foreign benthic process of collection, screen pack on first grid trellis protection interlayer keeps unimpeded, thereby effectively gathers benthon.
As preferably, the spacing between rotating shaft and flaps end is greater than the spacing between rotating shaft and the second side of V-arrangement trawlnet case.This programme structure ensures that trawlnet case is in the process dragging along seabed, and flaps can contact with seabed matrix or bed mud, thereby drives driving wheel to rotate, and then drives cylinder and bristle to rotate.
As preferably, the netted interlayer on two second sides of V-arrangement trawlnet case forms with the screen pack that is arranged on second gate trellis protection interlayer inner side by the second gate trellis protection interlayer being arranged on V-arrangement box frame; Netted interlayer on two first sides of V-arrangement trawlnet case is directly made up of screen pack.Because trawlnet case sinks to behind seabed; a side in two second sides two of V-arrangement trawlnet case will become the side directly contacting with seabed; thereby this programme arranges second gate trellis protection interlayer and protects screen pack on this two second side; effectively avoid trawling gear in the process dragging along seabed, screen pack is directly with seabed matrix or bed mud contacts and screen pack is worn.
As preferably, on each depression bar, be respectively equipped with pressing plate, and pressing plate parallels with the second side of trawlnet case.Because arranging of pressing plate can further ensure to sink to behind seabed when trawling gear, automatic shutter cover plate mechanism for auto can be opened collection entrance automatically.
As preferably, in the time that limited block is resisted against on fairlead, described push rod is positioned at and gathers entrance outside, the first guide groove length that the length of push rod equals 1/2.
As preferably, the two ends of two first guide grooves and the second guide groove are respectively equipped with depression bar and dodge breach.
As preferably, comprise the first winch and the second winch that are arranged on hull, the first winch comprises the first described reel, for driving the first tumbler of the first reel rotation and described first clutch, described the first tumbler comprises electromotor and decelerator, and between this electromotor and reducer input shaft, be provided with brake, between the output shaft of the decelerator of described the first tumbler and the rotating shaft of the first reel, be connected by first clutch; The second winch comprises the second described reel, for driving the second tumbler of the second reel rotation and described second clutch; Described the second tumbler comprises electromotor and decelerator, and is provided with brake between this electromotor and reducer input shaft, between the output shaft of the decelerator of described the second tumbler and the rotating shaft of the second reel, is connected by described second clutch.
At the bottom of ocean, drag a catching method for grabber, this catching method comprises the following steps successively:
A: the benthon that drags at the bottom of by ocean grabber to be transported to appointment by ship gathers marine site;
B: first clutch separates, and trawlnet case is transferred to seabed by pulling rope under its Gravitative Loads;
C: ship is along either direction craspedodrome N1 kilometer, and pulling rope in this process will be along ship direct of travel constantly by being discharged in marine site on the first reel;
D: when after ship craspedodrome N1 kilometer, ship stops advancing; Then second clutch separates, and balancing weight and mooring anchor are transferred to seabed by transferring rope under its Gravitative Loads;
E: first clutch engages, and the first reel is fixed, prevents that the first reel from rotating; Then, ship is kept straight on along the direct of travel in C step, and drags along seabed by pulling the moving trawlnet case of rope band, thereby benthon is constantly captured in trawlnet case; Will be along ship direct of travel constantly by being discharged in marine site on the second reel and transfer rope in this process;
F: when ship is advanced after N2 kilometer, and N2 is less than N1, and ship stops advancing; Then, second clutch engages, and discharges the first reel; Follow, first and second tumbler drives first and second reel to rotate again, and by pulling rope and transferring rope by trawlnet case, balancing weight and mooring anchor are mentioned.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
One, can effectively gather the benthon perching in surface, seabed and bed mud top layer.
Its two, can effectively solve after collection, in the trawling gear problem that up the process mesobenthos of pull-up is departed from by the port of trawling gear.
Its three, can effectively ensure, gathering in foreign benthic process, in trawling gear, to have at least a part of mesh to keep unimpeded, thereby effectively gather benthon.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is a kind of structural representation that drags grabber at the bottom of a kind of ocean of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a kind of structural representation of trawlnet case of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is that trawlnet case of the present invention is removed cover plate, a kind of structural representation after automatic shutter cover plate mechanism for auto and preventing clogging up device.
Fig. 4 is that trawlnet case of the present invention drags a kind of structural representation in process in seabed.
Fig. 5 is a kind of structural representation of a kind of Agassiz trawl device of the prior art.
In figure: trawlnet case 1, V-arrangement box frame 101, netted interlayer 102, second gate trellis protection interlayer 102a, first grid trellis protection interlayer 103; Pull rope 2; Balancing weight 3, guide ring 31, mooring anchor 32; Transfer rope 4; The first winch 5; The second winch 6; Cover plate 7; Automatic shutter cover plate mechanism for auto 8, push rod 81, depression bar 82, pressing plate 83, guide rod 84, limited block 841, back-moving spring 85, fairlead 86; Preventing clogging up device 9, flaps 91, driving wheel 92, rotating shaft 93, cylinder 94, bristle 95; Balancing pole 10; Connecting rod 11; Gather entrance 12; End cap guide plate 13; The first guide groove 14; The second guide groove 15; Depression bar is dodged breach 16; Agassiz trawl 17.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail:
Embodiment 1: as shown in Figure 1, drag grabber to comprise trawlnet case 1 at the bottom of a kind of ocean, 3, four of balancing weights are arranged on the mooring anchor 32 on balancing weight by chain respectively, are arranged on the first winch 5 and the second winch 6 on hull.The first winch comprises the first reel being rotatably arranged on hull, for the first tumbler that drives the first reel to rotate, is wound on and pulls rope 2 and first clutch on the first reel.The first tumbler comprises electromotor and decelerator, and is provided with brake between this electromotor and reducer input shaft.Between the rotating shaft of the output shaft of the decelerator of the first tumbler and the first reel, be connected by first clutch.The second winch comprises the second reel being rotatably arranged on hull, for the second tumbler that drives the second reel to rotate, is wound on and transfers rope 4 and second clutch on the second reel.The second tumbler comprises electromotor and decelerator, and is also provided with brake between this electromotor and reducer input shaft.Between the rotating shaft of the output shaft of the decelerator of the second tumbler and the second reel, be connected by first clutch.The free end that pulls rope 2 is fixed on trawlnet case 1.The free end of transferring rope 4 is fixed on balancing weight 3.Balancing weight is provided with guide ring 31.Pull rope 2 through guide ring.
As shown in Figure 2 and Figure 3, trawlnet case is open-ended V-arrangement trawlnet case.The open-ended formation of V-arrangement trawlnet case gathers entrance 12.In four sides of V-arrangement trawlnet case, have two the first sides that are parallel to each other and two crossing the second V-shaped sides, four of V-arrangement trawlnet case sides are made up of two the first sides that are parallel to each other and two crossing the second V-shaped sides.V-arrangement trawlnet case comprises that forming V-arrangement drags the netted interlayer 102 of the V-arrangement box frame 101 of Net-cage frame and four sides of formation V-arrangement trawlnet case.The V-arrangement box frame at V-arrangement trawlnet case middle part is provided with the first grid trellis protection interlayer 103 paralleling with balancing pole, and first grid trellis protection interlayer surface is provided with screen pack.Each netted interlayer 102 is on the V-arrangement box frame between first grid trellis protection interlayer and collection entrance.Netted interlayer on two second sides of V-arrangement trawlnet case forms with the screen pack that is arranged on second gate trellis protection interlayer inner side by the second gate trellis protection interlayer 102a being arranged on V-arrangement box frame.Netted interlayer on two first sides of V-arrangement trawlnet case is directly made up of screen pack.
The V-arrangement box frame of V-arrangement trawlnet case bottom is provided with balancing pole 10, and specifically, the bottom of trawlnet case is provided with two connecting rods 11 toward extension, and balancing pole is fixed on two connecting rods.The first side of balancing pole and V-arrangement trawlnet case is perpendicular.
On V-arrangement box frame, between first grid trellis protection interlayer and balancing pole, be provided with the screen pack that can make first grid trellis protect on interlayer and keep unimpeded preventing clogging up device 9.This preventing clogging up device comprises by rotating shaft 93 and is rotatably arranged on the cylinder 94 on V-arrangement box frame, is somely arranged on the bristle 95 on cylinder surface and is fixedly installed on respectively the driving wheel 92 in the rotating shaft of cylinder both sides.Rotating shaft parallels with balancing pole.Bristle radially extends along rotating shaft, and the screen pack on first grid trellis protection interlayer and the spacing between rotating shaft are less than the spacing between bristle ends and rotating shaft, be that bristle ends is resisted against on the screen pack on first grid trellis protection interlayer, or bristle ends is through the screen pack on first grid trellis protection interlayer.Two driving wheels are positioned at V-arrangement box frame outside, and circumferentially uniform by some flaps 91 that radially extend on the surface of two driving wheels.Spacing between rotating shaft and flaps end is greater than the spacing between rotating shaft and the second side of V-arrangement trawlnet case.
Two second sides of trawlnet case are from gathering entrance toward extension, and form two parallel end cap guide plates 13, and two end cap guide plate and balancing pole perpendicular.On the relative two sides of two end cap guide plate, be respectively equipped with the first guide groove 14 and the second guide groove 15 that are parallel to each other and run through end cap guide plate, and the first guide groove is gathering between entrance and the second guide groove.First and second guide groove and collection entrance place plane parallel.In first and second guide groove, be slidably provided with respectively cover plate 7.The width of two cover plates is less than the length of the first guide groove and is more than or equal to the first guide groove length of 1/2, specifically, and on two cover plates, be less than the length of the first guide groove and be more than or equal to the first guide groove length of 1/2 along the width in the first guide groove direction; The width (along the width in the first guide groove direction) of the cover plate in the present embodiment is the length 11/20 or 3/5 or 1/2 of the first guide groove.Between two cover plates and trawlnet case, be respectively equipped with automatic shutter cover plate mechanism for auto 8.
Automatic shutter cover plate mechanism for auto comprises two push rods 81 that parallel with the first guide groove that are arranged on cover plate side, the depression bar 82 that is separately positioned on two push rod ends and parallels with balancing pole, be separately positioned on the guide rod 84 paralleling on two depression bars and with push rod, be set in the fairlead 86 on two guide rods and be arranged on the limited block 841 on two guide rods.On each depression bar, be respectively equipped with pressing plate 83.Pressing plate parallels with the second side of trawlnet case.Two push rods are positioned at the relative both sides of cover plate, and push rod is near the first side.The first guide groove length that the length of push rod equals 1/2.Two push rods are between two depression bars.The two ends of two first guide grooves and the second guide groove are respectively equipped with depression bar and dodge breach 16.Depression bar is between pressing plate and trawlnet case.Trawlnet case is between two guide rods.Two fairleads are separately fixed on trawlnet case.Fairlead is between limited block and depression bar, and specifically, the fairlead in same automatic shutter cover plate mechanism for auto is between the limited block and depression bar of this automatic shutter cover plate mechanism for auto.On two guide rods, between depression bar and fairlead, be respectively equipped with and can make limited block be resisted against the back-moving spring 85 on fairlead.Two cover plate envelopes hide and gather entrance, and specifically, in the time that limited block is resisted against on fairlead, two cover plate envelopes hide and gather entrance.In the time that limited block is resisted against on fairlead, push rod is positioned at and gathers entrance outside.
Embodiment 2: drag the catching method of grabber at the bottom of a kind of ocean described in a kind of embodiment 1, this catching method comprises the following steps successively:
A: the benthon that drags at the bottom of by ocean grabber to be transported to appointment by ship gathers marine site;
B: first clutch separates, and trawlnet case 1 is transferred to seabed by pulling rope 2 under its Gravitative Loads.
As Figure 1 and Figure 4, due to the effect of balancing pole 10, make, when trawlnet caisson sinking is behind seabed, the state being to be as Figure 1 and Figure 4 placed in to seabed; Now, one second side in two second sides of trawlnet case will become the side directly contacting with seabed, and the pressing plate 83 of automatic shutter cover plate mechanism for auto, depression bar 82 will up be pushed a cover plate 7 of correspondence open along the first guide groove or the second guide groove by push rod 81 in this process, thus the collection entrance 12 of unlatching trawlnet case.
C: ship is along either direction craspedodrome N1 kilometer, and pulling rope 2 in this process will be along ship direct of travel constantly by being discharged in marine site on the first reel.
Because first clutch separates, make the state of the first reel in freely rotating, thereby when in ship driving process, pulling rope 2 will be along ship direct of travel constantly by being discharged in marine site on the first reel.
D: when after ship craspedodrome N1 kilometer, ship stops advancing; Then second clutch separates, and balancing weight 3 and mooring anchor 32 are transferred to seabed by transferring rope under its Gravitative Loads.
As shown in Figure 1, owing to pulling rope 2 through guide ring 31, thereby transfer to behind seabed when balancing weight and mooring anchor, the angle of inclination that pulls rope between trawlnet case and balancing weight is very little, roughly parallel with seabed.On the other hand, the distance between balancing weight and trawlnet case and N1 roughly the same (being slightly less than N1).
E: first clutch engages, and the first reel is fixed, prevents that the first reel from rotating; Then, ship is kept straight on along the direct of travel in C step, and drives trawlnet case 1 to drag along seabed by pulling rope 2, thereby benthon is constantly captured in trawlnet case; Will be along ship direct of travel constantly by being discharged in marine site on the second reel and transfer rope 4 in this process.
The concrete operations of " the first reel being fixed; prevent that the first reel from rotating " in the E step in the present embodiment are as follows: the brake braking between electromotor and the reducer input shaft of the first tumbler, thereby the first reel is fixed, prevented that the first reel from rotating.
Because second clutch separates, make the state of the second reel in freely rotating, thereby when in ship driving process, transferring rope 4 will be along ship direct of travel constantly by being discharged in marine site on the second reel, avoid transferring rope and drag balancing weight and mooring anchor.
Because guide ring 31 is fixed on seabed by balancing weight 3 and mooring anchor 32, when ship drives in the process that trawlnet casees 1 drag along seabed by pulling rope 2, pull rope and will drag trawlnet case around guide ring like this; Thereby in the process dragging along seabed at trawlnet case, trawlnet case can not be subject to pulling rope pulling force upwards, can avoid trawlnet case easily up to be dragged by rope the problem separating with seabed pulling in process, thereby bed mud is constantly received in casing, as shown in Figure 1.
F: when ship is advanced after N2 kilometer, and N2 is less than N1, and ship stops advancing;
Then, second clutch engages, and discharges the first reel, removes in E step fixing to the first reel, makes the first tumbler can drive the first reel to rotate;
Follow, first and second tumbler drives first and second reel to rotate again, and by pulling rope and transferring rope by trawlnet case, balancing weight and mooring anchor are mentioned.
The concrete operations of " discharging the first reel " in the F step in the present embodiment are as follows: the brake brake off between electromotor and the reducer input shaft of the first tumbler, thus discharge the first reel.In addition, can avoid pulling rope 2 and drive in the process that trawlnet casees 1 drag along seabed because N2 is less than N1, trawlnet case and balancing weight and mooring anchor bump.
As shown in Figure 2, when pulling rope 2 by trawlnet case 1 up after pull-up, back-moving spring 85 will drive cover plate 7 to reset along the first guide groove or the second guide groove by depression bar 82 and push rod 81, until limited block 841 is resisted against on fairlead; Now two cover plates again seal to hide and gather entrance, thereby have effectively prevented after collection, up in the process of pull-up, affect owing to being subject to ocean current the problem that bed mud is poured out by the collection entrance of trawlnet case at trawlnet case.
On the other hand, in the process dragging along seabed due to the trawlnet case of this programme, trawlnet case keeps contacting with sea bottom surface well (the especially smooth situation of underwater topography) always; The stroke (stroke that trawlnet case 1 drags along seabed is equivalent to N2 kilometer) that can drag along seabed by trawlnet case 1 is like this calculated sampling area; Thereby when after the benthon quantity of determining in trawlnet case, can calculate the biological density obtaining in unit are, thereby can do quantitative analysis roughly to benthon situation.In addition, if desired further improve accuracy of quantitative analysis, can be in E step, after first clutch engages, ship is motionless, and drives the first reel to rotate by the first tumbler, thereby drags along seabed by pulling the moving trawlnet case of rope band, and carry out by the number of turns of the first reel rotation the stroke that accurate Calculation trawlnet case drags along seabed, and then extrapolate sampling area; When after the benthon quantity of determining in trawlnet case, can calculate the biological density obtaining in unit are, thereby can do quantitative analysis to benthon situation like this.
Claims (10)
1. at the bottom of an ocean, drag grabber, it is characterized in that, comprise trawlnet case (1), balancing weight (3), at least one is arranged on the mooring anchor (32) on balancing weight by chain, is rotatably arranged on the first reel on hull, for the first tumbler that drives the first reel to rotate, be wound on and pull rope (2) on the first reel, be rotatably arranged on the second reel on hull, on the second reel, transfer rope (4) for driving the second tumbler that the second reel rotates and being wound on; Between the rotating shaft of the output shaft of described the first tumbler and the first reel, be connected by first clutch; Between the rotating shaft of the output shaft of described the second tumbler and the second reel, be connected by second clutch; The described free end that pulls rope is fixed on trawlnet case; Described free end of transferring rope is fixed on balancing weight, and described balancing weight is provided with guide ring (31), described in pull rope through guide ring.
2. at the bottom of a kind of ocean according to claim 1, drag grabber, it is characterized in that, described trawlnet case is open-ended V-arrangement trawlnet case, and the open-ended formation of V-arrangement trawlnet case gathers entrance (12), described in pull rope free end be fixed near gathering on the V-arrangement box frame of entrance, in four sides of V-arrangement trawlnet case, have two the first sides that are parallel to each other and two crossing the second V-shaped sides, V-arrangement trawlnet case comprises that forming V-arrangement drags the netted interlayer (102) of the V-arrangement box frame (101) of Net-cage frame and four sides of formation V-arrangement trawlnet case, the V-arrangement box frame of described V-arrangement trawlnet case bottom is provided with balancing pole (10), and the first side of balancing pole and V-arrangement trawlnet case is perpendicular, two second sides of described trawlnet case are from gathering entrance toward extension, and form two parallel end cap guide plates (13), and two end cap guide plate and balancing pole perpendicular, on the relative two sides of two end cap guide plate, be respectively equipped with first and second guide groove (14 that is parallel to each other and runs through end cap guide plate, 15), and the first guide groove is gathering between entrance and the second guide groove, in described first and second guide groove, be slidably provided with respectively cover plate (7), the width of two cover plates is less than the length of the first guide groove and is more than or equal to the first guide groove length of 1/2, and two cover plate envelopes hide described collection entrance, between two cover plates and trawlnet case, be respectively equipped with automatic shutter cover plate mechanism for auto (8), described automatic shutter cover plate mechanism for auto comprises two push rods that parallel with the first guide groove (81) that are arranged on cover plate side, the depression bar (82) that is separately positioned on two push rod ends and parallel with balancing pole, be separately positioned on two depression bars, and the guide rod (84) paralleling with push rod, be set in the fairlead (86) on two guide rods and be arranged on the limited block (841) on two guide rods, described two push rods are between two depression bars, described trawlnet case is between two guide rods, described two fairleads are fixed on trawlnet case, be respectively equipped with and can make limited block be resisted against the back-moving spring (85) on fairlead on described two guide rods, between depression bar and fairlead.
3. at the bottom of a kind of ocean according to claim 2, drag grabber, it is characterized in that, the V-arrangement box frame at described V-arrangement trawlnet case middle part is provided with the first grid trellis protection interlayer (103) paralleling with balancing pole, and first grid trellis protection interlayer surface is provided with screen pack, described each netted interlayer is on the V-arrangement box frame between first grid trellis protection interlayer and collection entrance, on described V-arrangement box frame, between first grid trellis protection interlayer and balancing pole, be provided with the screen pack that can make first grid trellis protect on interlayer and keep unimpeded preventing clogging up device (9), this preventing clogging up device comprises by rotating shaft (93) and is rotatably arranged on the cylinder (94) on V-arrangement box frame, somely be arranged on the bristle (95) on cylinder surface and be fixedly installed on respectively the driving wheel (92) in the rotating shaft of cylinder both sides, described rotating shaft parallels with balancing pole, described bristle radially extends along rotating shaft, and the screen pack on first grid trellis protection interlayer and the spacing between rotating shaft are less than the spacing between bristle ends and rotating shaft, described two driving wheels are positioned at V-arrangement box frame outside, and circumferentially uniform by some flaps (91) that radially extend on the surface of two driving wheels.
4. according to dragging grabber at the bottom of a kind of ocean described in claim 2 or 3, it is characterized in that, the spacing between described rotating shaft and flaps end is greater than the spacing between rotating shaft and the second side of V-arrangement trawlnet case.
5. according to dragging grabber at the bottom of a kind of ocean described in claim 2 or 3, it is characterized in that, the netted interlayer on two second sides of described V-arrangement trawlnet case forms with the screen pack that is arranged on second gate trellis protection interlayer inner side by the second gate trellis protection interlayer being arranged on V-arrangement box frame; Netted interlayer on two first sides of V-arrangement trawlnet case is directly made up of screen pack.
6. according to dragging grabber at the bottom of a kind of ocean described in claim 2 or 3, it is characterized in that, on described each depression bar, be respectively equipped with pressing plate, and pressing plate parallels with the second side of trawlnet case.
7. according to dragging grabber at the bottom of a kind of ocean described in claim 1 or 2 or 3, it is characterized in that, in the time that limited block is resisted against on fairlead, described push rod is positioned at and gathers entrance outside, the first guide groove length that the length of push rod equals 1/2.
8. according to dragging grabber at the bottom of a kind of ocean described in claim 2 or 3, it is characterized in that, the two ends of two first guide grooves and the second guide groove are respectively equipped with depression bar and dodge breach.
9. according to dragging grabber at the bottom of a kind of ocean described in claim 1 or 2 or 3, it is characterized in that, comprise the first winch (5) and the second winch (6) that are arranged on hull, the first winch comprises the first described reel, for driving the first tumbler of the first reel rotation and described first clutch, described the first tumbler comprises electromotor and decelerator, and between this electromotor and reducer input shaft, be provided with brake, between the output shaft of the decelerator of described the first tumbler and the rotating shaft of the first reel, be connected by first clutch; The second winch comprises the second described reel, for driving the second tumbler of the second reel rotation and described second clutch; Described the second tumbler comprises electromotor and decelerator, and is provided with brake between this electromotor and reducer input shaft, between the output shaft of the decelerator of described the second tumbler and the rotating shaft of the second reel, is connected by described second clutch.
10. a catching method that drags grabber in claim 1 to 9 at the bottom of a kind of ocean described in arbitrary claim, is characterized in that, this catching method comprises the following steps successively:
A: the benthon that drags at the bottom of by ocean grabber to be transported to appointment by ship gathers marine site;
B: first clutch separates, and trawlnet case is transferred to seabed by pulling rope under its Gravitative Loads;
C: ship is along either direction craspedodrome N1 kilometer, and pulling rope in this process will be along ship direct of travel constantly by being discharged in marine site on the first reel;
D: when after ship craspedodrome N1 kilometer, ship stops advancing; Then second clutch separates, and balancing weight and mooring anchor are transferred to seabed by transferring rope under its Gravitative Loads;
E: first clutch engages, and the first reel is fixed, prevents that the first reel from rotating; Then, ship is kept straight on along the direct of travel in C step, and drags along seabed by pulling the moving trawlnet case of rope band, thereby benthon is constantly captured in trawlnet case; Will be along ship direct of travel constantly by being discharged in marine site on the second reel and transfer rope in this process;
F: when ship is advanced after N2 kilometer, and N2 is less than N1, and ship stops advancing; Then, second clutch engages, and discharges the first reel; Follow, first and second tumbler drives first and second reel to rotate again, and by pulling rope and transferring rope by trawlnet case, balancing weight and mooring anchor are mentioned.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201410201056.3A CN104082255B (en) | 2014-05-14 | 2014-05-14 | Grabber and catching method thereof is dragged at the bottom of a kind of ocean |
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| CN201410201056.3A CN104082255B (en) | 2014-05-14 | 2014-05-14 | Grabber and catching method thereof is dragged at the bottom of a kind of ocean |
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Cited By (5)
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| CN105230579A (en) * | 2015-09-17 | 2016-01-13 | 浙江省海洋水产研究所 | Shrimp sample collection device for biological quality monitoring |
| CN107296018A (en) * | 2017-08-24 | 2017-10-27 | 国家海洋局第二海洋研究所 | Benthon collector and harvester |
| CN109197796A (en) * | 2018-11-28 | 2019-01-15 | 湖南鑫海股份有限公司 | A kind of middle layer trawl system |
| CN112535158A (en) * | 2020-11-23 | 2021-03-23 | 浙江省海洋水产研究所 | Marine benthos collection system |
| CN113016728A (en) * | 2021-02-04 | 2021-06-25 | 徐鹏 | Easily-operated separation device capable of positioning lead block of shrimp cage |
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| CN113016728B (en) * | 2021-02-04 | 2023-01-13 | 张晓霞 | Easily-operated separation device capable of positioning lead block of shrimp cage |
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| CN104082255B (en) | 2016-04-27 |
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