CN104089792B - A kind of sinker formula benthon acquisition system and acquisition method thereof - Google Patents
A kind of sinker formula benthon acquisition system and acquisition method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN104089792B CN104089792B CN201410201028.1A CN201410201028A CN104089792B CN 104089792 B CN104089792 B CN 104089792B CN 201410201028 A CN201410201028 A CN 201410201028A CN 104089792 B CN104089792 B CN 104089792B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of sinker formula benthon acquisition system and acquisition method thereof, aim to provide and a kind ofly can effectively gather benthic sinker formula benthon acquisition system and the acquisition method thereof of perching on surface, seabed. It comprises trawlnet case, mooring anchor and be arranged on the winch on hull; This winch comprises vehicle frame, rotatably be arranged on the first reel on vehicle frame, the second reel, for the first tumbler that drives the first reel to rotate, be wound on the rope that pulls on the first reel, for driving the second tumbler of the second reel rotation and being wound on the rope of transferring on the second reel; Between the rotating shaft of the output shaft of the first tumbler and the first reel, be connected by first clutch; Between the rotating shaft of the output shaft of the second tumbler and the second reel, be connected by second clutch; The free end that pulls rope is fixed on trawlnet case; The free end of transferring rope is fixed on mooring anchor, and the anchor pole top of mooring anchor is provided with guide ring, pulls rope through guide ring.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of collector that gathers marine benthos, for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of marine benthos, be specifically related to sinker formula benthon acquisition system and the acquisition method thereof in a kind of marine eco-environment investigation, used.
Background technology
The investigation of marine benthos is the important component part of Marine Sciences basis comprehensive survey, especially at present owing to being subject to the effect of human activity, offshore bottom sediment quantity is on the increase, and badly influences benthic community composition and the biomass of existence in the matrix of seabed; Therefore, come into one's own gradually for investigation, the research of marine benthos.
Conventionally the device adopting while gathering marine benthos is at present " Agassiz trawl device ", in actual trawl gatherer process, normally Agassiz trawl 17 is lain on investigation ship by pulling direct suspension of rope 2, ship drags Agassiz trawl and carries out benthic acquisition operations by inquiry, as shown in Figure 6. Current Agassiz trawl device has the following disadvantages in the time gathering marine benthos: one, drag in the process of Agassiz trawl device at ship, because rope drags Agassiz trawl device obliquely, make Agassiz trawl device be subject to pulling force obliquely, thereby Agassiz trawl device has often easily up been dragged by rope, make the Agassiz trawl device cannot be well and sea bottom surface laminating, sometimes even separate with sea bottom surface, cause Agassiz trawl device to gather and perch the benthon in surface, seabed or bed mud top layer; They are two years old, because the port (being acquisition port) of Agassiz trawl device is all the time in opening-wide state, this completes after collection Agassiz trawl device, in the process being pulled upwardly, benthon in Agassiz trawl is easily subject to ocean current and water currents, causes the benthon in Agassiz trawl to be escaped by the port of Agassiz trawl device.
For example, China Patent Publication No. CN201179967, in open day on January 14th, 2009, the name of innovation and creation is called Ah's trawlnet underwater operation loss prevention device, and it comprises Ah's trawling gear, ball float, cotton rope composition. In the process that gathers marine benthos, there is equally above-mentioned deficiency in Ah's trawlnet underwater operation loss prevention device of this application case.
Summary of the invention
The first object of the present invention is easily up to have been dragged by rope in the foreign benthic process of collection in order to overcome Agassiz trawl device of the prior art, cause Agassiz trawl device to be difficult to effectively gather the benthic problem of perching in surface, seabed or bed mud top layer, provide a kind of and can effectively gather benthic sinker formula benthon acquisition system and the acquisition method thereof of perching in surface, seabed and bed mud top layer.
Second object of the present invention on the first object basis is in the process of up pull-up, to be easily subject to ocean current and water currents in order to overcome Agassiz trawl device of the prior art, the problem that causes the benthon in Agassiz trawl to be departed from by the port of Agassiz trawl device, provide one effectively to have prevented after collection, at sinker formula benthon acquisition system and the acquisition method thereof of the trawling gear problem that up the process mesobenthos of pull-up is departed from by the port of trawling gear.
Technical scheme of the present invention is:
A kind of sinker formula benthon acquisition system comprises trawlnet case, mooring anchor and be arranged on the winch on hull; This winch comprises vehicle frame, rotatably be arranged on the first reel on vehicle frame, the second reel, be arranged on the first tumbler for driving the first reel to rotate on vehicle frame, be wound on the rope that pulls on the first reel, be arranged on vehicle frame for driving the second tumbler of the second reel rotation and being wound on the rope of transferring on the second reel; Between the rotating shaft of the output shaft of described the first tumbler and the first reel, be connected by first clutch; Between the rotating shaft of the output shaft of described the second tumbler and the second reel, be connected by second clutch; The described free end that pulls rope is fixed on trawlnet case; Described free end of transferring rope is fixed on mooring anchor, and described mooring anchor comprises anchor fluke and anchor pole, and anchor pole top is provided with guide ring, described in pull rope through guide ring.
The course of work of the sinker formula benthon acquisition system of this programme is as follows:
First, by pulling rope, trawlnet case is transferred to seabed; Then, ship is kept straight on along either direction, and in this process, pulling rope will be along ship direct of travel constantly by being discharged in marine site on the first reel; Follow, keep straight on after a segment distance when ship, ship stops advancing, and by transferring rope, mooring anchor is transferred to seabed, owing to pulling rope through guide ring; Thereby transfer to behind seabed when mooring anchor, the rope that pulls between trawlnet case and mooring anchor will be roughly parallel with seabed; Finally, ship drags along seabed by pulling the moving trawlnet case of rope band, because guide ring is fixed on seabed by mooring anchor, and because the rope that pulls between trawlnet case and mooring anchor will be roughly parallel with seabed, thereby in the process dragging along seabed at trawlnet case, trawlnet case can not be subject to pulling rope pulling force upwards, can avoid trawlnet case easily up to be dragged by rope the problem separating with seabed pulling in process, ensure that trawlnet case drags along seabed, thereby can effectively gather the benthic collection marine benthos that perch in surface, seabed or bed mud top layer.
As preferably, trawlnet case is open-ended V-arrangement trawlnet case, and the open-ended formation of V-arrangement trawlnet case gathers entrance, described in pull rope free end be fixed near gathering on the V-arrangement box frame of entrance, four sides of V-arrangement trawlnet case are made up of two the first sides that are parallel to each other and two crossing the second V-shaped sides, and V-arrangement trawlnet case comprises that forming V-arrangement drags the netted interlayer of the V-arrangement box frame of Net-cage frame and four sides of formation V-arrangement trawlnet case, the V-arrangement box frame of described V-arrangement trawlnet case bottom is provided with balancing pole, and the first side of balancing pole and V-arrangement trawlnet case is perpendicular, two first sides of described trawlnet case are from gathering entrance toward extension, and form two parallel end cap guide plates, and two end cap guide plate and balancing pole perpendicular, on the relative two sides of two end cap guide plate, be respectively equipped with first and second guide groove that is parallel to each other and runs through end cap guide plate, and the first guide groove is gathering between entrance and the second guide groove, in described first and second guide groove, be slidably provided with respectively cover plate, the width of two cover plates is less than the length of the first guide groove and is more than or equal to the first guide groove length of 1/2, and two cover plate envelopes hide described collection entrance, between two cover plates and trawlnet case, be respectively equipped with automatic shutter cover plate mechanism for auto, described automatic shutter cover plate mechanism for auto comprises two push rods that parallel with the first guide groove that are arranged on cover plate side, the depression bar that is separately positioned on two push rod ends and parallels with balancing pole, be separately positioned on two depression bars, and the guide rod paralleling with push rod, be set in the fairlead on two guide rods and be arranged on the limited block on two guide rods, described two push rods are between two depression bars, and described trawlnet case is between two guide rods, and described two fairleads are separately fixed on trawlnet case, on described two guide rods, between depression bar and fairlead, are respectively equipped with and can make limited block be resisted against the back-moving spring on fairlead.
The automatic shutter cover plate mechanism for auto of this programme structure can be realized and sinking to behind seabed when trawling gear, can automatically open collection entrance, thereby in trawlnet case drags process along seabed, make benthon enter in trawlnet case by gathering entrance; When pulling rope by after the pull-up of trawlnet case, automatic shutter cover plate mechanism for auto can be closed collection entrance automatically, thereby has effectively prevented after collection, in the trawling gear problem that up the process mesobenthos of pull-up is departed from by the collection entrance of trawlnet case.
As preferably, on each depression bar, be respectively equipped with pressing plate, and pressing plate parallels with the second side of trawlnet case. Because arranging of pressing plate can further ensure to sink to behind seabed when trawling gear, automatic shutter cover plate mechanism for auto can be opened collection entrance automatically, avoids depression bar to be absorbed in bed mud.
As preferably, netted interlayer on two second sides of V-arrangement trawlnet case forms with the screen pack that is arranged on second gate trellis protection interlayer inner side by the second gate trellis protection interlayer being arranged on V-arrangement box frame, and the netted interlayer on two first sides of V-arrangement trawlnet case is directly made up of screen pack. Because trawlnet case sinks to behind seabed; a side in two second sides two of V-arrangement trawlnet case will become the side directly contacting with seabed; thereby this programme arranges second gate trellis protection interlayer and protects screen pack on this two second side; effectively avoid trawling gear in the process dragging along seabed, screen pack is directly with seabed matrix or bed mud contacts and screen pack is worn.
As preferably, in the time that limited block is resisted against on fairlead, described push rod is positioned at and gathers entrance outside, the first guide groove length that the length of push rod equals 1/2.
As preferably, the two ends of two first guide grooves and the second guide groove are respectively equipped with depression bar and dodge breach.
As preferably, the first tumbler comprises motor and decelerator, and is provided with brake between this motor and reducer input shaft, between the output shaft of the decelerator of described the first tumbler and the rotating shaft of the first reel, is connected by first clutch; Described the second tumbler comprises motor and decelerator, and is provided with brake between this motor and reducer input shaft, between the output shaft of the decelerator of described the second tumbler and the rotating shaft of the second reel, is connected by described second clutch.
As preferably, the V-arrangement box frame at V-arrangement trawlnet case middle part is provided with the first grid trellis protection interlayer paralleling with balancing pole, and first grid trellis protection interlayer surface is provided with screen pack, described each netted interlayer is on the V-arrangement box frame between first grid trellis protection interlayer and collection entrance, on described V-arrangement box frame, between first grid trellis protection interlayer and balancing pole, be provided with the screen pack that can make first grid trellis protect on interlayer and keep unimpeded preventing clogging up device, this preventing clogging up device comprises by rotating shaft and is rotatably arranged on the cylinder on V-arrangement box frame, somely be arranged on the bristle on cylinder surface and be fixedly installed on respectively the driving wheel in the rotating shaft of cylinder both sides, described rotating shaft parallels with balancing pole, described bristle radially extends along rotating shaft, and the screen pack on first grid trellis protection interlayer and the spacing between rotating shaft are less than the spacing between bristle ends and rotating shaft, described two driving wheels are positioned at V-arrangement box frame outside, and circumferentially uniform by some flaps that radially extend on the surface of two driving wheels, spacing between described rotating shaft and flaps end is greater than the spacing between rotating shaft and the second side of V-arrangement trawlnet case.
Drag in the process of Agassiz trawl device at ship, the bottom sediment together entering in trawlnet with benthon easily stops up the mesh of trawlnet, causes current to be difficult to through trawlnet, causes Agassiz trawl device to be difficult to gather benthon, thereby this programme setting can make screen pack on first grid trellis protection interlayer keep unimpeded preventing clogging up device effect to ensure that gathering in foreign benthic process, the screen pack on first grid trellis protection interlayer keeps unimpeded, thereby effectively gathers benthon. the V-arrangement trawlnet case of this programme is in the process dragging along seabed, flaps contacts with seabed matrix or bed mud, thereby drive driving wheel to rotate, and then drive cylinder and bristle to rotate, and because the screen pack on first grid trellis protection interlayer and the spacing between rotating shaft are less than the spacing between bristle ends and rotating shaft, thereby can constantly scrub the screen pack on first grid trellis protection interlayer in the process of cylinder and bristle rotation, effectively ensure in the foreign benthic process of collection, screen pack on first grid trellis protection interlayer keeps unimpeded, thereby effectively gather benthon.
An acquisition method for sinker formula benthon acquisition system, this acquisition method comprises the following steps successively:
A: the benthon that sinker formula benthon acquisition system is transported to appointment by ship gathers marine site;
B: first clutch separates, and trawlnet case is transferred to seabed by pulling rope under its Gravitative Loads;
C: ship is along either direction craspedodrome N1 kilometer, and pulling rope in this process will be along ship direct of travel constantly by being discharged in marine site on the first reel;
D: when after ship craspedodrome N1 kilometer, ship stops advancing; Then second clutch separates, and mooring anchor is transferred to seabed by transferring rope under its Gravitative Loads;
E: first clutch engages, and the first reel is fixed, prevents that the first reel from rotating; Then, ship is kept straight on along the direct of travel in C step, and drags along seabed by pulling the moving trawlnet case of rope band, thereby benthon is constantly captured in trawlnet case; Will be along ship direct of travel constantly by being discharged in marine site on the second reel and transfer rope in this process;
F: when ship is advanced after N2 kilometer, and N2 is less than N1, and ship stops advancing; Then, second clutch engages, and discharges the first reel; Follow, first and second tumbler drives first and second reel to rotate again, and by pulling rope and transferring rope by trawlnet case, mooring anchor is mentioned.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
One, can effectively gather the benthon perching in surface, seabed and bed mud top layer.
Its two, can effectively solve after collection, in the trawling gear problem that up the process mesobenthos of pull-up is departed from by the port of trawling gear.
Its three, can effectively ensure, gathering in foreign benthic process, in trawling gear, to have at least a part of mesh to keep unimpeded, thereby effectively gather benthon.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is a kind of structural representation of a kind of sinker formula benthon acquisition system in the embodiment of the present invention 1.
Fig. 2 is a kind of structural representation of the trawlnet case in the embodiment of the present invention 1.
Fig. 3 is that the trawlnet case in the embodiment of the present invention 1 is removed cover plate, a kind of structural representation after automatic shutter cover plate mechanism for auto.
Fig. 4 is that the trawlnet case in the embodiment of the present invention 1 drags a kind of structural representation in process in seabed.
Fig. 5 is a kind of structural representation of the trawlnet case in the embodiment of the present invention 2.
Fig. 6 is a kind of structural representation of a kind of Agassiz trawl device of the prior art.
In figure: trawlnet case 1, the first side 1a, the second side 1b, V-arrangement box frame 101, netted interlayer 102, second gate trellis protection interlayer 102a, first grid trellis protection interlayer 103; Pull rope 2; Mooring anchor 3, guide ring 31; Transfer rope 4; The first reel 5; The second reel 6; Cover plate 7; Automatic shutter cover plate mechanism for auto 8, push rod 81, depression bar 82, pressing plate 83, guide rod 84, limited block 841, back-moving spring 85, fairlead 86; Preventing clogging up device 9, flaps 91, driving wheel 92, rotating shaft 93, cylinder 94, bristle 95; Balancing pole 10; Connecting rod 11; Gather entrance 12; End cap guide plate 13; The first guide groove 14; The second guide groove 15; Depression bar is dodged breach 16; Agassiz trawl 17.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and detailed description of the invention, the present invention is described in further detail:
Embodiment 1: as shown in Figure 1, a kind of sinker formula benthon acquisition system comprises trawlnet case 1, and mooring anchor 3, is arranged on the winch on hull. This winch comprises vehicle frame, rotatably be arranged on the first reel 5 on vehicle frame, the second reel 6, be arranged on the first tumbler for driving the first reel to rotate on vehicle frame, be wound on pulling on the first reel and restrict 2, be arranged on vehicle frame and restrict 4 for driving the second tumbler of the second reel rotation and being wound on transferring on the second reel. The first tumbler comprises motor and decelerator, and is provided with brake between this motor and reducer input shaft. Between the rotating shaft of the output shaft of the decelerator of the first tumbler and the first reel, be connected by first clutch. The second tumbler comprises motor and decelerator, and is also provided with brake between this motor and reducer input shaft. Between the rotating shaft of the output shaft of the decelerator of the second tumbler and the second reel, be connected by first clutch. The free end that pulls rope 2 is fixed on trawlnet case 1. Mooring anchor comprises anchor fluke and anchor pole. Anchor pole top is provided with guide ring 31. The free end of transferring rope is fixed on mooring anchor, is that the free end of transferring rope is fixed on anchor pole specifically. Pull rope 2 through guide ring 31.
As shown in Figure 2 and Figure 3, trawlnet case is open-ended V-arrangement trawlnet case. The open-ended formation of V-arrangement trawlnet case gathers entrance 12. Four sides of V-arrangement trawlnet case are made up of two the first side 1a that are parallel to each other and two crossing the second V-shaped side 1b. V-arrangement trawlnet case comprises that forming V-arrangement drags the netted interlayer 102 of the V-arrangement box frame 101 of Net-cage frame and four sides of formation V-arrangement trawlnet case. Netted interlayer on two second sides of V-arrangement trawlnet case forms with the screen pack that is arranged on second gate trellis protection interlayer inner side by the second gate trellis protection interlayer 102a being arranged on V-arrangement box frame. Netted interlayer on two first sides of V-arrangement trawlnet case is directly made up of screen pack.
The V-arrangement box frame of V-arrangement trawlnet case bottom is provided with balancing pole 10, and specifically, the bottom of trawlnet case is provided with two connecting rods 11 toward extension, and balancing pole is fixed on two connecting rods. The first side of balancing pole and V-arrangement trawlnet case is perpendicular.
Two first sides of trawlnet case are from gathering entrance toward extension, and form two parallel end cap guide plates 13, and two end cap guide plate and balancing pole perpendicular. On the relative two sides of two end cap guide plate, be respectively equipped with the first guide groove 14 and the second guide groove 15 that are parallel to each other and run through end cap guide plate, and the first guide groove is gathering between entrance and the second guide groove. First and second guide groove and collection entrance place plane parallel. In first and second guide groove, be slidably provided with respectively cover plate 7. The width of two cover plates is less than the length of the first guide groove and is more than or equal to the first guide groove length of 1/2, specifically, and on two cover plates, be less than the length of the first guide groove and be more than or equal to the first guide groove length of 1/2 along the width in the first guide groove direction; The width (along the width in the first guide groove direction) of the cover plate in the present embodiment is the length 11/20 or 3/5 or 1/2 of the first guide groove. Between two cover plates and trawlnet case, be respectively equipped with automatic shutter cover plate mechanism for auto 8.
Automatic shutter cover plate mechanism for auto comprises two push rods 81 that parallel with the first guide groove that are arranged on cover plate side, the depression bar 82 that is separately positioned on two push rod ends and parallels with balancing pole, be separately positioned on the guide rod 84 paralleling on two depression bars and with push rod, be set in the fairlead 86 on two guide rods and be arranged on the limited block 841 on two guide rods. On each depression bar, be respectively equipped with pressing plate 83. Pressing plate parallels with the second side of trawlnet case. Two push rods are positioned at the relative both sides of cover plate, and push rod is near the first side. The first guide groove length that the length of push rod equals 1/2. Two push rods are between two depression bars. The two ends of two first guide grooves and the second guide groove are respectively equipped with depression bar and dodge breach 16. Depression bar is between pressing plate and trawlnet case. Trawlnet case is between two guide rods. Two fairleads are separately fixed on trawlnet case. Fairlead is between limited block and depression bar, and specifically, the fairlead in same automatic shutter cover plate mechanism for auto is between the limited block and depression bar of this automatic shutter cover plate mechanism for auto. On two guide rods, between depression bar and fairlead, be respectively equipped with and can make limited block be resisted against the back-moving spring 85 on fairlead. Two cover plate envelopes hide and gather entrance, and specifically, in the time that limited block is resisted against on fairlead, two cover plate envelopes hide and gather entrance. In the time that limited block is resisted against on fairlead, push rod is positioned at and gathers entrance outside.
Embodiment 2: all the other structures of the present embodiment are with reference to embodiment 1, and its difference is:
As described in Figure 5, the V-arrangement box frame at V-arrangement trawlnet case middle part is provided with the first grid trellis protection interlayer 103 paralleling with balancing pole, and first grid trellis protection interlayer surface is provided with screen pack. Each netted interlayer 102 is on the V-arrangement box frame between first grid trellis protection interlayer and collection entrance. Netted interlayer on two second sides of V-arrangement trawlnet case forms with the screen pack that is arranged on second gate trellis protection interlayer inner side by the second gate trellis protection interlayer 102a being arranged on V-arrangement box frame. Netted interlayer on two first sides of V-arrangement trawlnet case is directly made up of screen pack. On V-arrangement box frame, between first grid trellis protection interlayer and balancing pole, be provided with the screen pack that can make first grid trellis protect on interlayer and keep unimpeded preventing clogging up device 9.
This preventing clogging up device comprises by rotating shaft 93 and is rotatably arranged on the cylinder 94 on V-arrangement box frame, is somely arranged on the bristle 95 on cylinder surface and is fixedly installed on respectively the driving wheel 92 in the rotating shaft of cylinder both sides. Rotating shaft parallels with balancing pole. Bristle radially extends along rotating shaft, and the screen pack on first grid trellis protection interlayer and the spacing between rotating shaft are less than the spacing between bristle ends and rotating shaft, be that bristle ends is resisted against on the screen pack on first grid trellis protection interlayer, or bristle ends is through the screen pack on first grid trellis protection interlayer. Two driving wheels are positioned at V-arrangement box frame outside, and circumferentially uniform by some flaps 91 that radially extend on the surface of two driving wheels. Spacing between rotating shaft and flaps end is greater than the spacing between rotating shaft and the second side of V-arrangement trawlnet case.
Embodiment 3: the acquisition method of a kind of sinker formula benthon acquisition system described in a kind of embodiment 1 or embodiment 2, this acquisition method comprises the following steps successively:
A: the benthon that sinker formula benthon acquisition system is transported to appointment by ship gathers marine site;
B: first clutch separates, and trawlnet case 1 is transferred to seabed by pulling rope 2 under its Gravitative Loads.
As Figure 1 and Figure 4, due to the effect of balancing pole 10, make, when trawlnet caisson sinking is behind seabed, the state being to be as Figure 1 and Figure 4 placed in to seabed; Now, one second side in two second sides of trawlnet case will become the side directly contacting with seabed, and the pressing plate 83 of automatic shutter cover plate mechanism for auto, depression bar 82 will up be pushed a cover plate 7 of correspondence open along the first guide groove or the second guide groove by push rod 81 in this process, thus the collection entrance 12 of unlatching trawlnet case.
C: ship is along either direction craspedodrome N1 kilometer, and pulling rope 2 in this process will be along ship direct of travel constantly by being discharged in marine site on the first reel.
Because first clutch separates, make the state of the first reel in freely rotating, thereby when in ship driving process, pulling rope 2 will be along ship direct of travel constantly by being discharged in marine site on the first reel.
D: when after ship craspedodrome N1 kilometer, ship stops advancing; Then second clutch separates, and mooring anchor 3 is transferred to seabed by transferring rope under its Gravitative Loads.
As shown in Figure 1, owing to pulling rope 2 through guide ring 31, thereby transfer to behind seabed when mooring anchor, the angle of inclination that pulls rope between trawlnet case and mooring anchor is very little, roughly parallel with seabed.
E: first clutch engages, and the first reel is fixed, prevents that the first reel from rotating; Then, ship is kept straight on along the direct of travel in C step, and drives trawlnet case 1 to drag along seabed by pulling rope 2, thereby benthon is constantly captured in trawlnet case; Will be along ship direct of travel constantly by being discharged in marine site on the second reel and transfer rope 4 in this process.
The concrete operations of " the first reel being fixed; prevent that the first reel from rotating " in the E step in the present embodiment are as follows: the brake braking between motor and the reducer input shaft of the first tumbler, thereby the first reel is fixed, prevented that the first reel from rotating.
Because second clutch separates, make the state of the second reel in freely rotating, thereby when in ship driving process, transferring rope 4 will be along ship direct of travel constantly by being discharged in marine site on the second reel, avoid transferring rope and drag mooring anchor.
Because guide ring 31 is fixed on seabed by mooring anchor 3, when ship drives in the process that trawlnet casees 1 drag along seabed by pulling rope 2, pull rope and will drag trawlnet case around guide ring like this; Thereby in the process dragging along seabed at trawlnet case, trawlnet case can not be subject to pulling rope pulling force upwards, can avoid trawlnet case easily up to be dragged by rope the problem separating with seabed pulling in process, thereby bed mud is constantly received in casing, as shown in Figure 1.
F: when ship is advanced after N2 kilometer, and N2 is less than N1, and ship stops advancing;
Then, second clutch engages; And discharge the first reel, and remove in E step fixing to the first reel, make the first tumbler can drive the first reel to rotate;
Follow, first and second tumbler drives first and second reel to rotate again, and by pulling rope and transferring rope by trawlnet case, mooring anchor is mentioned.
The concrete operations of " discharging the first reel " in the F step in the present embodiment are as follows: the brake brake off between motor and the reducer input shaft of the first tumbler, thus discharge the first reel. In addition, can avoid pulling rope 2 and drive in the process that trawlnet casees 1 drag along seabed because N2 is less than N1, trawlnet case and mooring anchor bump.
As shown in Figure 2, when pulling rope 2 by trawlnet case 1 up after pull-up, back-moving spring 85 will drive cover plate 7 to reset along the first guide groove or the second guide groove by depression bar 82 and push rod 81, until limited block 841 is resisted against on fairlead; Now two cover plates again seal to hide and gather entrance, thereby have effectively prevented after collection, up in the process of pull-up, affect owing to being subject to ocean current the problem that bed mud is poured out by the collection entrance of trawlnet case at trawlnet case.
On the other hand, in the process dragging along seabed due to the trawlnet case of this programme, trawlnet case keeps contacting with sea bottom surface well (the especially smooth situation of underwater topography) always; The stroke (stroke that trawlnet case 1 drags along seabed is equivalent to N2 kilometer) that can drag along seabed by trawlnet case 1 is like this calculated sampling area; Thereby when after the benthon quantity of determining in trawlnet case, can calculate the biological density obtaining in unit are, thereby can do quantitative analysis roughly to benthon situation. In addition, if desired further improve accuracy of quantitative analysis, can be in E step, after first clutch engages, ship is motionless, and drives the first reel to rotate by the first tumbler, thereby drags along seabed by pulling the moving trawlnet case of rope band, and carry out by the number of turns of the first reel rotation the stroke that accurate Calculation trawlnet case drags along seabed, and then extrapolate sampling area; When after the benthon quantity of determining in trawlnet case, can calculate the biological density obtaining in unit are, thereby can do quantitative analysis to benthon situation like this.
Claims (6)
1. a sinker formula benthon acquisition system, is characterized in that, comprises trawlnet case (1), mooring anchor (3) and be arranged on the winch on hull; This winch comprises vehicle frame, be arranged on rotationally the first reel on vehicle frame, the second reel, be arranged on the first tumbler for driving the first reel to rotate on vehicle frame, be wound on and pull rope (2) on the first reel, be arranged on vehicle frame for driving the second tumbler that the second reel rotates and being wound on and transfer rope (4) on the second reel; Between the rotating shaft of the output shaft of described the first tumbler and the first reel, be connected by first clutch; Between the rotating shaft of the output shaft of described the second tumbler and the second reel, be connected by second clutch; The described free end that pulls rope is fixed on trawlnet case; Described free end of transferring rope is fixed on mooring anchor, and described mooring anchor comprises anchor fluke and anchor pole, and anchor pole top is provided with guide ring (31), described in pull rope through guide ring;
Described trawlnet case is open-ended V-arrangement trawlnet case, and the open-ended formation of V-arrangement trawlnet case gathers entrance (12), described in pull rope free end be fixed near gathering on the V-arrangement box frame of entrance, four sides of V-arrangement trawlnet case are made up of two the first sides that are parallel to each other and two crossing the second V-shaped sides, and V-arrangement trawlnet case comprises that forming V-arrangement drags the netted interlayer (102) of the V-arrangement box frame (101) of Net-cage frame and four sides of formation V-arrangement trawlnet case, the V-arrangement box frame of described V-arrangement trawlnet case bottom is provided with balancing pole (10), and the first side of balancing pole and V-arrangement trawlnet case is perpendicular, two first sides of described trawlnet case are from gathering entrance toward extension, and form two parallel end cap guide plates (13), and two end cap guide plate and balancing pole perpendicular, on the relative two sides of two end cap guide plate, be respectively equipped with the first guide groove (14) and the second guide groove (15) that are parallel to each other and run through end cap guide plate, and the first guide groove is gathering between entrance and the second guide groove, in described the first guide groove and the second guide groove, be slidably provided with respectively cover plate (7), the width of two cover plates is less than the length of the first guide groove and is more than or equal to the first guide groove length of 1/2, and two cover plate envelopes hide described collection entrance, between two cover plates and trawlnet case, be respectively equipped with automatic shutter cover plate mechanism for auto (8), described automatic shutter cover plate mechanism for auto comprises two push rods that parallel with the first guide groove (81) that are arranged on cover plate side, the depression bar (82) that is separately positioned on two push rod ends and parallel with balancing pole, be separately positioned on two depression bars, and the guide rod (84) paralleling with push rod, be set in the fairlead (86) on two guide rods and be arranged on the limited block (841) on two guide rods, described two push rods are between two depression bars, described trawlnet case is between two guide rods, described two fairleads are fixed on trawlnet case, be respectively equipped with and can make limited block be resisted against the back-moving spring (85) on fairlead on described two guide rods, between depression bar and fairlead, on described each depression bar, be respectively equipped with pressing plate, and pressing plate parallels with the second side of trawlnet case.
2. a kind of sinker formula benthon acquisition system according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, netted interlayer on two second sides of described V-arrangement trawlnet case forms with the screen pack that is arranged on second gate trellis protection interlayer inner side by the second gate trellis protection interlayer being arranged on V-arrangement box frame, and the netted interlayer on two first sides of V-arrangement trawlnet case is directly made up of screen pack.
3. a kind of sinker formula benthon acquisition system according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in the time that limited block is resisted against on fairlead, described push rod is positioned at and gathers entrance outside, and the length of push rod the first guide groove length of equaling 1/2.
4. a kind of sinker formula benthon acquisition system according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the two ends of the first guide groove and the second guide groove are respectively equipped with depression bar and dodge breach.
5. a kind of sinker formula benthon acquisition system according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described the first tumbler comprises motor and decelerator, and between this motor and reducer input shaft, be provided with brake, between the output shaft of the decelerator of described the first tumbler and the rotating shaft of the first reel, be connected by first clutch; Described the second tumbler comprises motor and decelerator, and is provided with brake between this motor and reducer input shaft, between the output shaft of the decelerator of described the second tumbler and the rotating shaft of the second reel, is connected by described second clutch.
6. an acquisition method for a kind of sinker formula benthon acquisition system described in arbitrary claim in claim 1 to 5, is characterized in that, this acquisition method comprises the following steps successively:
A: the benthon that sinker formula benthon acquisition system is transported to appointment by ship gathers marine site;
B: first clutch separates, and trawlnet case is transferred to seabed by pulling rope under its Gravitative Loads;
C: ship is along either direction craspedodrome N1 kilometer, and pulling rope in this process will be along ship direct of travel constantly by being discharged in marine site on the first reel;
D: when after ship craspedodrome N1 kilometer, ship stops advancing; Then second clutch separates, and mooring anchor is transferred to seabed by transferring rope under its Gravitative Loads;
E: first clutch engages, and the first reel is fixed, prevents that the first reel from rotating; Then, ship is kept straight on along the direct of travel in C step, and drags along seabed by pulling the moving trawlnet case of rope band, thereby benthon is constantly captured in trawlnet case; Will be along ship direct of travel constantly by being discharged in marine site on the second reel and transfer rope in this process;
F: when ship is advanced after N2 kilometer, and N2 is less than N1, and ship stops advancing; Then, second clutch engages, and discharges the first reel; Follow, the first tumbler and the second tumbler drive the first reel and the second reel to rotate again, and by pulling rope and transferring rope by trawlnet case, mooring anchor is mentioned.
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