CN104074514A - Logging distinguishing method of fault structure - Google Patents
Logging distinguishing method of fault structure Download PDFInfo
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- CN104074514A CN104074514A CN201410332245.4A CN201410332245A CN104074514A CN 104074514 A CN104074514 A CN 104074514A CN 201410332245 A CN201410332245 A CN 201410332245A CN 104074514 A CN104074514 A CN 104074514A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for recognizing a geologic phenomenon, in particular to a logging distinguishing method of a fault structure. According to the technical thought and the method, conventional logging is used as a major measure, information such as earthquake and well log is integrated for fast and effectively recognizing the underground fault structure. The method comprises the following steps that: on the basis of determining the fault positions, the logging information differences are utilized for carrying out adjacent well horizontal comparison and target well longitudinal comparison, and the fault structure is qualitatively divided; on the basis of the qualitative division results, points are selected at equal intervals at induced fracture zones of a hanging wall and a footwall of the fault structure, crushed zones and surrounding rock for carrying out effective logging information data reading; and a crossplot is drawn for quantitatively recognizing the fault structure, and effective verification is carried out. The method provided by the invention has the characteristics of economy, reliability and high efficiency, can be conveniently popularized in a fracture development zone in a large range, and has a positive effect on prompting the further exploration and development of oil fields.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the recognition methods of geological phenomenon, particularly knowledge method is sentenced in a kind of well logging of fault structure.
Background technology
Tomography is not simple two-dimensional surface, but has the geologic body of complex internal structure, according to tomography different parts lithology, structure, physical difference, can be divided into different element of construction.
Tomography is as the important channel of oil-gas migration, there is the duality of opening and sealing, in Oil-gas Exploration Practice, be subject to people's great attention always, experts and scholars, in the research of the aspects such as fault structure, tomography transport, tomography transporting ability and tomography transporting system, have obtained great successes both at home and abroad.
Silje S.Berg etc. pass through the normal fault field observation of U.S.'s Paradox Basin Eastern northern territory, fault structure is divided into zone of fracture (fault core) and induction slit band (damage zone) two big units, according to physical properties of rock difference, induces slit band to be further divided into interior band (inner zone) and tyre (outer zone) two parts lower wall; Mary Beth Gray and Andrea Bili philosophy, by the outstanding Ka Shan of the U.S., the fracture field observation of southern areas, Italian sub-Pingning, have proposed tomography growth course interrupting layer structure evolution model; The summary such as Song Shenghao, Jiang Weidong thinks that the Fracture System in associated fracture, interconnected pore and the induction slit band in zone of fracture is hydrocarbon migration channel in fault zone; Wu Zhi equal utilization Image Logging Data identifies down-hole fault structure, and proposes tomography at different developmental stages, and its structure is also different, also not identical to the transporting ability of oil gas; For oil gas, along tomography migration mechanism, have at present two kinds of viewpoints, a kind of is the slow seepage flow mechanism that tomography idle period oil gas fluid under buoyancy is followed law, and another kind is faulting phase oil gas edge fracture Episodic migration mechanism under " earthquake pump " effect.
At present, Chinese scholars is by tomography field observation and down-hole rock core information, clear and definite tomography different structure unit physical property characteristic, and multiple fault model is proposed; Meanwhile, imaging logging and rock core information combine and can characterize intuitively fault structure.But imaging logging is time-consuming and with high costs, for drilling safety, well location is avoided major fault conventionally, thereby causes the fracture well difficulty of coring large.Therefore, down-hole fault structure is all lacked to cost-effective method all the time.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed to deficiency of the prior art, knowledge method is sentenced in the well logging that proposes a kind of economy, effective fault structure.
Technical scheme of the present invention is:
A knowledge method is sentenced in the well logging of fault structure, and concrete steps are as follows:
Step 1: determine that well bores chance breakpoint location
Chose the seismic profile of target well, and by fault interpretation and synthetic seismic record, determined breakpoint location, target well is breakpoint with explanation tomography intersection; Read the seismic travel time at breakpoint place, by time dark conversion determine the fault structure degree of depth;
Step 2: the qualitative identification of fault structure
(1) offset well across comparison
For guaranteeing the accuracy of identification, a bite that selection is less than 1000m apart from target well is not bored the well well in contrast of meeting fracture, highlights the log response feature of each unit of fault structure by the log difference that contrasts two mouthfuls of wells in mature fault depth bounds and under identical lithology condition;
(2) individual well longitudinally contrasts
Identical in lithology, differ in the scope that is no more than 200m with the breakpoint degree of depth, the well logging difference of contrast induction slit band and country rock, zone of fracture highlights each unit log response feature of fault structure;
Step 3: the quantitative identification of fault structure
On the basis of the qualitative division of fault structure, according to interval transit time (AC), density (DEN), compensated neutron (CNL) and resistivity curve response characteristic, at the equidistant reconnaissance reading out data of induction slit band, zone of fracture, country rock of the upper and lower dish of tomography, draw cross plot identification fault structure.
Described fault structure unit refers to induction slit band, zone of fracture, the country rock of upper and lower dish;
On the basis of above scheme, the method for the across comparison of offset well described in step 2, step is as follows:
1) determining on the basis of target well breakpoint, the form of logs of the contrast horizontal stratum of the target upper and lower and described contrast well of well breakpoint scope, target well is fault structure scope with the scope that contrasts borehole logging tool tracing pattern difference; Further according to log response feature, mark off zone of fracture and the scope of inducing slit band two element of construction in fault zone;
2) target is aboveground, lower wall induces slit band, zone of fracture to do interval transit time-density (AC-DEN), compensated neutron-density (CNL-DEN) cross plot with the well logging difference of identical lithology in the corresponding stratum of described contrast well respectively, divides target well breakpoint place each element of construction depth bounds of fault zone;
The corresponding well logging curve of stratum value of zone of fracture well logging difference (FCD)=target well zone of fracture log value-contrast well;
The corresponding well logging curve of stratum value of induction slit band well logging difference (DZD)=target well induction slit band log value-contrast well.
On the basis of above scheme, individual well described in step 3 is the method for contrast longitudinally, identical lithology in the same country rock of target well induction slit band, zone of fracture is done to density-interval transit time (DEN-AC), density-compensated neutron (DEN-CNL) cross plot, quantitatively divide each structure of fault zone to be logged well;
Induction slit band is with zone of fracture log value (YP)=induction slit band log value-zone of fracture log value;
Induction slit band is with country rock difference (YW)=induction slit band log value-country rock log value of logging well.
Knowledge side's ratio juris is sentenced in the well logging of fault structure of the present invention:
Based on former achievements, the fault structure of Clastic Stratum of Country Rocks can be divided into zone of fracture and induction slit band two macrostructure unit.Zone of fracture is positioned at tomography middle part, is main stress relief zone and the stress deformation assembling area in fault development process, take fault gouge, fault rock is grown is feature, porosity and permeability has significantly and reduces compared with country rock; Induction slit band is positioned at zone of fracture both sides finite region or tomography end stress relief zone, and this retains the primitive character of parent rock with rock, only by crisscross induction crack, craven fault, is cut, and porosity and permeability has significantly and improves compared with country rock.According to logging principle, the stratum of hole, fracture development has density log (DEN) and is worth lowly, and acoustic travel time logging (AC) is worth high feature.
The difference on structure, physical property characteristic due to zone of fracture in fault zone and induction slit band two element of construction, causes its log response feature different, and then makes to utilize Using Conventional Logs to be sentenced to know fault structure and become possibility.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
Knowledge method is sentenced in the well logging of the fault structure that the present invention proposes, to take the difference of each element of construction of fault zone in structure, physical property as basis, comprehensive utilization earthquake, well logging, especially Using Conventional Logs carry out fault structure qualitative, quantitatively sentence and know and check, there is economy, reliable, efficient feature, be convenient to promote on a large scale in oil field, to promoting the exploration and development of going deep in fault development district to have positive role.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Accompanying drawing 1 techniqueflow chart;
In accompanying drawing 2 embodiment, seismic profile is determined breakpoint location schematic diagram;
L24 well and L24X1 well offset well across comparison schematic diagram in accompanying drawing 3 embodiment;
L24 well and L24X1 well offset well across comparison well logging difference cross plot schematic diagram in accompanying drawing 4 embodiment;
The longitudinal correlation logging difference of L24 well individual well cross plot schematic diagram in accompanying drawing 5 embodiment;
Each element of construction cross plot of L24 well fault zone in accompanying drawing 6 embodiment.
The specific embodiment
The specific embodiment of the present invention is as follows:
A knowledge method is sentenced in the well logging of fault structure, and concrete steps are as follows:
Step 1: determine that target well bores chance breakpoint location
Choose a seismic profile of crossing candidate well L24, by fault interpretation and synthetic seismic record, determine breakpoint location, read the seismic travel time at breakpoint place, by the time dark conversion table of this area, can determine the breakpoint degree of depth (seeing Fig. 2).
Step 2: the qualitative identification of fault structure
The in the situation that of imaging logging and rock core information disappearance, by offset well across comparison and individual well, longitudinally contrast and determine each element of construction log response feature of fault zone.
(1) offset well across comparison
Near the well only rupturing flatly select target well, because Liang Koujing has similar structure, sedimentation setting, therefore, log (oil field firsthand information) plesiomorphism, highlights each element of construction log response feature of fault zone by contrasting log difference in two mouthfuls of well fault zone depth boundses and under identical lithology condition.
1) L24 well was the well of fracture, and L24X1 well is near the well that only ruptures flatly it, and two mouthfuls of wells are laterally at a distance of not enough km, and layer depth differs hundred meters of left and right accordingly; Determining on the basis of L24 breakpoint location, carefully contrast near L24 well breakpoint from top to bottom and the L24X1 well form of logs of layer depth accordingly, L24 well tracing pattern is fault structure compared with L24X1 well tracing pattern disparity range and grows scope; Further according to crack response characteristic, can mark off zone of fracture and the approximate range (seeing Fig. 3) of inducing slit band two element of construction in fault zone.
2) L24 is aboveground, lower wall induces slit band, zone of fracture to do interval transit time-density (AC-DEN), compensated neutron-density (CNL-DEN) cross plot with the well logging difference of identical lithology (as sandstone, siltstone, mud stone) in the corresponding stratum of L24X1 well respectively;
Cross and cross fracture well zone of fracture in figure and be positioned at figure upper left side with the corresponding identical lithology in stratum of well (glutenite, mud stone) the well logging difference that only ruptures, zone of fracture with the corresponding stratum of tomography well only, compare there is on the whole high density (DEN), the feature of infrasonic wave's time difference (AC) and low compensated neutron (CNL); Cross fracture well induction slit band and be all positioned at figure lower right with the identical lithology of tomography well respective layer (packsand, siltstone, mud stone) well logging difference only, induce slit band with tomography well respective layer integral body only, to compare the feature (seeing Fig. 4) of there is low-density (DEN), praetersonic time difference (AC) and high compensated neutron (CNL).
The corresponding well logging curve of stratum value of zone of fracture well logging difference (FCD)=L24 well zone of fracture log value-L24X1 well
The corresponding well logging curve of stratum value of induction slit band well logging difference (DZD)=L24 well induction slit band log value-L24X1 well
Zone of fracture log value, induction slit band log value is oil field firsthand information provides.
(2) individual well longitudinally contrasts
Identical in lithology, the degree of depth is more or less the same in the situation of (being no more than up and down 200m), and contrast induction slit band highlights each element of construction log response feature of fault zone with the well logging difference of upper and lower country rock, zone of fracture.
1) take L24 well as example, determining on the basis of breakpoint location, based on offset well across comparison and INTERVAL FRACTURE LOG RESPONSE METHOD feature, can mark off L24 well breakpoint place each element of construction depth bounds of fault zone;
2) identical lithology in the same country rock of L24 well induction slit band, zone of fracture is done to density-interval transit time (DEN-AC), density-compensated neutron (DEN-CNL) cross plot; Induction slit band with country rock compare under identical lithology condition (as containing granule rock, oil soaking sandstone, mud stone) well logging difference (YW), the induction same zone of fracture of slit band (YP) is compared (as oil soaking sandstone, siltstone, mud stone) well logging difference under identical lithology condition and is all positioned at figure upper left side, induce slit band compared with country rock, zone of fracture compare there is on the whole the praetersonic time difference (AC), the feature (seeing Fig. 5) of high compensated neutron (CNL), low-density (DEN).
Induction slit band is with country rock difference (YW)=induction slit band log value-country rock log value of logging well
Induction slit band is with zone of fracture log value (YP)=induction slit band log value-zone of fracture log value
Induction slit band log value, country rock log value oil field, zone of fracture log value are oil field firsthand information and provide.
Step 3: the quantitative identification of fault structure
On the basis of qualitative division fault zone structure, the Using Conventional Logs by fracture sensitivity carries out fault structure and quantitatively divides.The present invention according to each element of construction of fault zone to conventional logging response characteristic, difference for each element of construction in three kinds of porosity loggings (AC, DEN, CNL) and resistivity curve response characteristic, can utilize the cross plot of log response characteristic parameter to carry out detection of run-out band internal construction.The L24 well that above step has identified has complete type (slit band Differential Development) fault zone structure, respectively upper and lower dish induction slit band, zone of fracture, country rock is equidistantly chosen data point and is drawn cross plot.
On cross plot, each element of construction of fault zone and country rock subregion are obvious, can differentiate fast, intuitively the difference of the upper and lower dish induction slit band of zone of fracture and fault zone and country rock and zone of fracture, induction slit band.
With F
dR-AC cross plot, upper and lower dish induction slit band 0.5<F
dRvalue <0.7, interval transit time is between 72us/ft-100us/ft; Slip zone of fracture 0.3<F
dR<0.5, AC value is between 60us/ft-70us/ft; Upper and lower country rock band F
dR, AC value is between induction slit band and slip zone of fracture, like this with physical difference between three corresponding (Fig. 6).
Claims (3)
1. a knowledge method is sentenced in the well logging of fault structure, it is characterized in that, concrete steps are as follows:
Step 1: determine that target well bores chance breakpoint location
Chose the seismic profile of target well, and by fault interpretation and synthetic seismic record, determined breakpoint location, target well is breakpoint with explanation tomography intersection; Read the seismic travel time at breakpoint place, by time dark conversion determine the fault structure degree of depth;
Step 2: the qualitative identification of fault structure
Offset well across comparison
For guaranteeing the accuracy of identification, a bite that selection is less than 1000m apart from target well is not bored the well well in contrast of meeting fracture, highlights the log response feature of each unit of fault structure by the log difference that contrasts two mouthfuls of wells in mature fault depth bounds and under identical lithology condition;
Individual well longitudinally contrasts
Identical in lithology, differ in the scope that is no more than 200m with the breakpoint degree of depth, the well logging difference of contrast induction slit band and country rock, zone of fracture highlights each unit log response feature of fault structure;
Step 3: the quantitative identification of fault structure
On the basis of the qualitative division of fault structure, according to interval transit time (AC), density (DEN), compensated neutron (CNL) and resistivity curve response characteristic, at the equidistant reconnaissance reading out data of induction slit band, zone of fracture, country rock of the upper and lower dish of tomography, draw cross plot identification fault structure.
2. knowledge method is sentenced in the well logging of fault structure according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, and the method for the across comparison of offset well described in step 2, step is as follows:
1) determining on the basis of target well breakpoint, the form of logs of the contrast horizontal stratum of the target upper and lower and described contrast well of well breakpoint scope, target well is fault structure scope with the scope that contrasts borehole logging tool tracing pattern difference; Further according to log response feature, mark off zone of fracture and the scope of inducing slit band two element of construction in fault zone;
2) target is aboveground, lower wall induces slit band, zone of fracture to do interval transit time-density (AC-DEN), compensated neutron-density (CNL-DEN) cross plot with the well logging difference of identical lithology in the corresponding stratum of described contrast well respectively, divides target well breakpoint place each element of construction depth bounds of fault zone;
The corresponding well logging curve of stratum value of zone of fracture well logging difference (FCD)=target well zone of fracture log value-contrast well;
The corresponding well logging curve of stratum value of induction slit band well logging difference (DZD)=target well induction slit band log value-contrast well.
3. knowledge method is sentenced in the well logging of fault structure according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, individual well described in step 3 is the method for contrast longitudinally, identical lithology in the same country rock of target well induction slit band, zone of fracture is done to density-interval transit time (DEN-AC), density-compensated neutron (DEN-CNL) cross plot, quantitatively divide each structure of target well fault zone;
Induction slit band is with zone of fracture log value (YP)=induction slit band log value-zone of fracture log value;
Induction slit band is with country rock difference (YW)=induction slit band log value-country rock log value of logging well.
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Cited By (11)
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| CN105986819A (en) * | 2015-03-02 | 2016-10-05 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Method and device used for automatic processing and comprehensive interpretation of logging information |
| CN106089191A (en) * | 2016-06-12 | 2016-11-09 | 中国石油大学(华东) | A kind of Compressive fault band structure Logging Identification Method |
| CN106324698A (en) * | 2015-06-30 | 2017-01-11 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Stratigraphic correlation method and system for petroliferous basin |
| CN106707336A (en) * | 2015-07-13 | 2017-05-24 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Method for distinguishing hanging wall and footwall of fault in oilfield development zone |
| CN108374657A (en) * | 2018-02-02 | 2018-08-07 | 东北石油大学 | Well breakpoint automatic identifying method |
| CN109425899A (en) * | 2017-09-01 | 2019-03-05 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | A kind of prediction technique and device of the distribution of carbonate rock fault belt |
| CN110646862A (en) * | 2019-08-16 | 2020-01-03 | 广东省重工建筑设计院有限公司 | Method, device and equipment for processing engineering survey data and storage medium |
| CN112859196A (en) * | 2021-03-03 | 2021-05-28 | 中国石油大学(北京) | Accurate identification method for broken layer breakpoint in shaft |
| CN113447979A (en) * | 2020-03-26 | 2021-09-28 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Identification method of fracture body development area and carving method of fracture body |
| CN115234216A (en) * | 2022-05-25 | 2022-10-25 | 东营市永昇能源科技有限责任公司 | Method for establishing logging identification layout and application thereof |
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| CN105651962A (en) * | 2014-11-10 | 2016-06-08 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Diagenetic facies recognition method |
| CN105986819A (en) * | 2015-03-02 | 2016-10-05 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Method and device used for automatic processing and comprehensive interpretation of logging information |
| CN105986819B (en) * | 2015-03-02 | 2019-01-04 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | The method and apparatus with integrated interpretation are automatically processed for well-log information |
| CN106324698A (en) * | 2015-06-30 | 2017-01-11 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Stratigraphic correlation method and system for petroliferous basin |
| CN106324698B (en) * | 2015-06-30 | 2018-09-11 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Strata Comparison method and system for oil-gas bearing basin |
| CN106707336A (en) * | 2015-07-13 | 2017-05-24 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Method for distinguishing hanging wall and footwall of fault in oilfield development zone |
| CN106089191A (en) * | 2016-06-12 | 2016-11-09 | 中国石油大学(华东) | A kind of Compressive fault band structure Logging Identification Method |
| CN106089191B (en) * | 2016-06-12 | 2019-03-26 | 中国石油大学(华东) | A kind of Compressive fault band structure Logging Identification Method |
| CN109425899A (en) * | 2017-09-01 | 2019-03-05 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | A kind of prediction technique and device of the distribution of carbonate rock fault belt |
| CN109425899B (en) * | 2017-09-01 | 2021-06-01 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Method and device for predicting distribution of fractured zone of carbonate rock |
| CN108374657A (en) * | 2018-02-02 | 2018-08-07 | 东北石油大学 | Well breakpoint automatic identifying method |
| CN108374657B (en) * | 2018-02-02 | 2021-10-19 | 东北石油大学 | Automatic well breakpoint identification method |
| CN110646862A (en) * | 2019-08-16 | 2020-01-03 | 广东省重工建筑设计院有限公司 | Method, device and equipment for processing engineering survey data and storage medium |
| CN113447979A (en) * | 2020-03-26 | 2021-09-28 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Identification method of fracture body development area and carving method of fracture body |
| CN113447979B (en) * | 2020-03-26 | 2023-11-17 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Identification method of fracture development area and characterization method of fracture |
| CN112859196A (en) * | 2021-03-03 | 2021-05-28 | 中国石油大学(北京) | Accurate identification method for broken layer breakpoint in shaft |
| CN112859196B (en) * | 2021-03-03 | 2022-05-24 | 中国石油大学(北京) | Accurate identification method for broken layer breakpoint in shaft |
| CN115234216A (en) * | 2022-05-25 | 2022-10-25 | 东营市永昇能源科技有限责任公司 | Method for establishing logging identification layout and application thereof |
| CN115234216B (en) * | 2022-05-25 | 2023-09-19 | 东营市永昇能源科技有限责任公司 | Method for establishing logging identification layout and application thereof |
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