CN106089191B - A kind of Compressive fault band structure Logging Identification Method - Google Patents

A kind of Compressive fault band structure Logging Identification Method Download PDF

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CN106089191B
CN106089191B CN201610411508.XA CN201610411508A CN106089191B CN 106089191 B CN106089191 B CN 106089191B CN 201610411508 A CN201610411508 A CN 201610411508A CN 106089191 B CN106089191 B CN 106089191B
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porosity
log
value
density
cnl
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CN106089191A (en
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吴孔友
刘寅
吴晓菲
刘波
裴仰文
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High School Affiliated To Peking University
China University of Petroleum East China
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China University of Petroleum East China
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    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21BEARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B49/00Testing the nature of borehole walls; Formation testing; Methods or apparatus for obtaining samples of soil or well fluids, specially adapted to earth drilling or wells
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21BEARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B47/00Survey of boreholes or wells
    • E21B47/002Survey of boreholes or wells by visual inspection

Abstract

The present invention relates to a kind of Compressive fault band structure Logging Identification Methods, pressure property ambient stress is analyzed, target drilling well and log are chosen, calculates crack sensitivity parameter, calculating is normalized to parameters, constructs fault zone interior structure comprehensive distinguishing parameter FZI.The curve type that the present invention can effectively identify fault zone interior structure using well-log information, and choose is conventional standard log, has very strong operability.

Description

A kind of Compressive fault band structure Logging Identification Method
Technical field
The invention belongs to oil and gas explorations and development technique field, and in particular to survey to a kind of Compressive fault band structure Well recognition methods.
Background technique
Oil-gas bearing area fault development, and the Fracture Control migration and aggregation of oil gas.Fracture is rock stratum under stress Rupture occurs and generates a kind of structural deformation phenomenon obviously relatively moved along the plane of fracture.Plane of fracture two sides rock stratum is in changing of the relative positions process Middle generation crush and grind, catalase is strong, at the same its two sides generate largely with the crack of tomography association (Song arrives good fortune etc., 2010).Zhang Qinglian etc. (2010) has found that the density of the diaclase of Fracture Control is at a distance from away from fracture by fieldwork Exponential decrease relationship, closer to the plane of fracture, crack is more developed.This fault structure is divided into tomography by Billi A (2003) etc. Core and crushed zone two parts, tomographic nuclear are a narrow band, are made of main sliding surface and fault rock;Crushed zone is located at tomographic nuclear week Edge is mainly made of Fractured Zone and craven fault (Agosta F et al, 2006).Tveranger J(2005), This rock three-dimensional space influenced by abstriction is defined as tomography enveloping solid by Braathen A (2009) etc., including broken 2 parts of band and induced fractures band, wherein crushed zone is to develop fault rock and associated fracture as main feature, in induced fractures band The various types of induced fractures of major developmental (pay dawn fly etc., 2005).In short, tomography not instead of one simple " face ", one A " band " (pay wide etc., 2008), have complicated internal structure (Caine, 1996;Gudmundsson A, 2001;Fu Xiaofei Deng 2005).Wu Zhi equality (2010) is divided into sliding crushed zone and two class of induced fractures band according to deformation extent, by fracture belt Structural unit.
Compressive fault is the reversed fault formed under extrusion stress field action.The effect of its stress is strong, along sliding surface two sides rock Stone is broken serious, fracture belt structural integrity, Hydrocarbon Formation Reservoirs are controlled it is obvious, be the key that China western part basin Gas Accumulation because Element.In general, catalase is serious in the sliding crushed zone of Compressive fault band, and it is in rock powder shape, it is multiple to educate fault gouge, part mylonite Change, fluid handling capacity is poor, has stronger seal-off effect (Wu Kongyou etc., 2012) to oil gas.And the development of induced fractures band is a large amount of Crack, fluid handling capacity is strong, for oil-gas migration provide channel (pay dawn fly etc., 2005).In short, fracture belt has oil gas Transporting and closure dual capability.That is the space and time difference of fault zone interior structure will lead to it and play the part of difference in gas accumulation process Role.Therefore, the fracture belt structure feature of prediction oil-gas bearing area underground deep development has reservoir exploration particularly important Meaning.
For area of coverage Compressive fault, due to cannot directly observe, how accurate detection of run-out structure one It is directly one of the problem in petroleum geology exploration.Liu Wei etc. (2013) is it is proposed that utilize differential resistivity ratio, porosity ratio, curve Four parameters of change rate and hole diameter Magnification, and carry out quantitative detection of run-out band internal structure in conjunction with Principal Component Analysis.However, This method is since cause due to parameter selection is few, does not consider curvilinear motion amplitude etc. in application process cannot be effectively to fracture Band internal structure is identified.Zhao Yong just equal (2013) proposes three porosity ratio, equivalent elastic modulus difference ratio, secondary pore Eight kinds of degree, double induction amplitude poor index, crocodile coefficient, hole diameter relative anomalies, resistivity invasion correction and cementation factor parameters are Judge the actual parameter of fracture development in stratum.By the feature of induced fractures band inside fracture belt and sliding crushed zone it is found that splitting It is important one of the difference of this two-part structure that whether seam, which develops, therefore, selects crack sensitivity index, building fault structure is comprehensive Discriminant parameter is closed, fault zone interior structure can be effectively judged from log.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of Compressive fault band structure Logging Identification Methods, pass through multi-parameter log Fitting constructs fracture belt structure composition discriminant parameter, and in conjunction with the characteristics of fault zone interior structure, quantitative division covers osmotaxis Fracture internal structure, for the opening and closing of accurate evaluation fracture, the validity for improving oil-gas exploration and prediction provides technical support.
In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention is achieved by the following scheme:
A kind of Compressive fault band structure Logging Identification Method, includes the following steps:
(1) judge work area ambient stress whether be pressure property ambient stress, if pressure property ambient stress, enter step (2);
(2) it selects and calculates crack sensitivity parameter: 1. deep and shallow resistivity difference ratio RTC, 2. tri-porosity logging, 3. curve Change rate, 4. hole diameter Magnification CALd
1. deep and shallow resistivity difference ratio RTC:
Wherein, RDFor deep lateral log value or deep resistivity log value, RSIt logs well for shallow lateral logging value or shallow resistivity Value;Obtain curve F (RTC)
2. tri-porosity logging
Tri-porosity logging curve includes interval transit time (AC), density (DEN) and compensated neutron (CNL);Wherein, sound is utilized The porosity that the wave time difference calculates is primary porosity, using the porosity that density and compensated neutron calculate be including at least crack, Total porosity including the secondary porosity in corrosion hole;
Interval transit time calculates primary porosity formula are as follows:
Wherein, Δ t is the stratum interval transit time value read from interval transit time curve, Δ tfFor Fluid in Pore sound wave when Difference, Δ tmaFor the interval transit time value of rock matrix;
Density log calculates total porosity formula are as follows:
Wherein, ρbFor the measured value that density log curve is read, ρfFor the density value of Fluid in Pore, ρmaFor rock matrix Density value;
Compensated neutron log calculates total porosity formula are as follows:
Wherein,For the measured value read on compensated neutron curve,For subvalue in rock matrix,For hole The middle subvalue of middle fluid;
Total pore space angle value
The secondary porosity changing value as caused by the factors such as crack
3. curvilinear motion rate
Curve interval transit time (AC), compensated neutron (CNL) and the density (DEN) for choosing fracture sensitivity carry out curvilinear motion Rate calculates, calculation formula are as follows:
ΔXi=(| Xi-1-Xi|+|Xi+1-Xi|)/Xi
Wherein, XiFor the log value of current depth point, Xi-1And Xi+1For the well logging of the neighbouring two o'clock of current depth point Curve values;
4. hole diameter Magnification CALd
Calculation formula are as follows:
CAL is bit diameter, CALJTo survey hole diameter;
(3) calculating is normalized for parameters.
Curve (AC, CNL) change rate, three porosity, hole diameter Magnification are normalized using following formula:
Y=(X-Xmin)/(Xmax-Xmin)
Wherein, X indicates curve (AC, CNL) change rate, three porosity or hole diameter Magnification actual measured value, XmaxIndicating should Curve (AC, CNL) change rate, three porosity or the hole diameter Magnification greatest measurement of kind log, XminIndicate that this kind is logged well Curve (AC, CNL) change rate, three porosity or the hole diameter Magnification minimum measured value of curve;Obtain curve F (Δ AC), F (Δ CNL)、F(ΔCALd)、F(ΔΦP);
Density (DEN) change rate is normalized using following formula:
Y=1- (X-Xmin)/(Xmax-Xmin);
Wherein, X indicates density log measured value, XmaxIndicate the greatest measurement of density log, XminIndicate density log Minimum measured value;Obtain curve F (Δ DEN);
(4) fault zone interior structure comprehensive distinguishing parameter FZI is constructed
FZI=[F (Δ AC)+F (Δ CNL)+F (Δ DEN)+F (RTC)+F(ΔCALd)+F(ΔΦP)]/6
Wherein, F is the function of relatively various curves, meets the following conditions:
In formula, x represents Δ AC, Δ CNL, Δ DEN, RTC、ΔCALdOr ΔΦP, a, b are critical values of anomalies, and have a <b.
The advantages and positive effects of the present invention are: the present invention can be effectively using well-log information to fault zone interior structure The curve type for being identified, and being chosen is conventional standard log, has very strong operability.It is (fixed with the prior art Property using single curve variation tendency carry out fracture band structure divide) compare, fault zone interior structure log is identified Process quantification, it is more convincing, thus the present invention to subsequent development closeness of fault and fracture control hiding Effect study tool There is great meaning.The present invention examines the identifying schemes using core observation and Image Logging Data, finds this stroke It point shows and to be consistent with rock core and imaging logging, demonstrate the accuracy of this method.
After the detailed description of embodiment of the present invention is read in conjunction with the figure, the other features and advantages of the invention will become more Add clear.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the Implementation Roadmap of the specific embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 2 is 66 well fracture internal structure log quantitative judge complex charts of row.
Specific embodiment
A specific embodiment of the invention is described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawing.
As shown in Figure 1, analyzing tectonic stress field, judge whether work area ambient stress is pressure property ambient stress, if For pressure property ambient stress, step is continued with.
Target drilling well is chosen, log is screened, determines exceptional value a, b of curve.
It selects and calculates crack sensitivity parameter: 1. deep and shallow resistivity difference ratio RTC, 2. tri-porosity logging, 3. curvilinear motion Rate, 4. hole diameter Magnification CALd
1. deep and shallow resistivity difference ratio RTC:
Wherein, RDFor deep lateral log value or deep resistivity log value, RSIt logs well for shallow lateral logging value or shallow resistivity Value;Obtain curve F (RTC);
2. tri-porosity logging
Tri-porosity logging curve includes interval transit time (AC), density (DEN) and compensated neutron (CNL);Wherein, sound is utilized The porosity that the wave time difference calculates is primary porosity, using the porosity that density and compensated neutron calculate be including at least crack, Total porosity including the secondary porosity in corrosion hole;
Interval transit time calculates primary porosity formula are as follows:
Wherein, Δ t is the stratum interval transit time value read from interval transit time curve, Δ tfFor Fluid in Pore sound wave when Difference, Δ tmaFor the interval transit time value of rock matrix;
Density log calculates total porosity formula are as follows:
Wherein, ρbFor the measured value that density log curve is read, ρfFor the density value of Fluid in Pore, ρmaFor rock matrix Density value;
Compensated neutron log calculates total porosity formula are as follows:
Wherein,For the measured value read on compensated neutron curve,For subvalue in rock matrix,For hole The middle subvalue of middle fluid;
Total pore space angle value
The secondary porosity changing value as caused by the factors such as crack
3. curvilinear motion rate
Curve interval transit time (AC), compensated neutron (CNL) and the density (DEN) for choosing fracture sensitivity carry out curvilinear motion Rate calculates, calculation formula are as follows:
ΔXi=(| Xi-1-Xi|+|Xi+1-Xi|)/Xi
Wherein, XiFor the log value of current depth point, Xi-1And Xi+1For the well logging of the neighbouring two o'clock of current depth point Curve values;
4. hole diameter Magnification CALd
Calculation formula are as follows:
CAL is bit diameter, CALJTo survey hole diameter;
(3) calculating is normalized for parameters.
Curve (AC, CNL) change rate, three porosity, hole diameter Magnification are normalized using following formula:
Y=(X-Xmin)/(Xmax-Xmin)
Wherein, X indicates curve (AC, CNL) change rate, three porosity or hole diameter Magnification actual measured value, XmaxIndicating should Curve (AC, CNL) change rate, three porosity or the hole diameter Magnification greatest measurement of kind log, XminIndicate that this kind is logged well Curve (AC, CNL) change rate, three porosity or the hole diameter Magnification minimum measured value of curve;Obtain curve F (Δ AC), F (Δ CNL)、F(ΔCALd)、F(ΔΦP);
Density (DEN) change rate is normalized using following formula:
Y=1- (X-Xmin)/(Xmax-Xmin);
Wherein, X indicates density log measured value, XmaxIndicate the greatest measurement of density log, XminIndicate density log Minimum measured value;Obtain curve F (Δ DEN);
(4) fault zone interior structure comprehensive distinguishing parameter FZI is constructed
FZI=[F (Δ AC)+F (Δ CNL)+F (Δ DEN)+F (RTC)+F(ΔCALd)+F(ΔΦP)]/6
Wherein, F is the function of relatively various curves, meets the following conditions:
In formula, x represents Δ AC, Δ CNL, Δ DEN, RTC、ΔCALdOr ΔΦP, a, b are critical values of anomalies, and have a <b.
This method achieves good experiment effect when Northwestern Margin of Junggar Basin is tested.The Junggar Basin is China west The important oil-gas bearing basin in portion, experience Hercynian period to Himalayan tectonic movement, Compressive fault development, fault activities time Length, plane extended distance is remote, vertical turn-off is big, and part well drills fracture belt.Using this method to drilling red clover isoflavone It arranges 66 wells and has carried out fault zone interior structure identification, work well (Fig. 2).Red clover isoflavone can be divided into upper disk induction in the well Slit band, sliding crushed zone and lower wall induced fractures band three parts.For two disk induced fractures bands, crushed zone R is slidedTC Value is negative or zero, shows crack agensis;CALdValue is obvious less than normal and more stable, implies that the hole diameter degree of collapsing is weaker than induced fractures Band;Δ DEN is relatively stable, but significantly changing then occurs in two sides induced fractures band;Δ AC, Δ CNL are smaller and variation is smaller, but Then there is more apparent bounce in induced fractures band;ΦPPerformance is stablized, related with lithology generally mud stone;FZI then presents bright Aobvious low value shows in sliding crushed zone crack entirety agensis, and fracture development is obvious in induced fractures band.
Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than its limitations;Although Present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that: it still may be used To modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or equivalent replacement of some of the technical features; And these are modified or replaceed, technical solution of various embodiments of the present invention that it does not separate the essence of the corresponding technical solution spirit and Range.

Claims (1)

1. a kind of Compressive fault band structure Logging Identification Method, which comprises the steps of:
(1) judge work area ambient stress whether be pressure property ambient stress, if pressure property ambient stress, enter step (2);
(2) it selects and calculates crack sensitivity parameter: 1. deep and shallow resistivity difference ratio RTC, 2. tri-porosity logging, 3. curvilinear motion Rate, 4. hole diameter Magnification CALd
1. deep and shallow resistivity difference ratio RTC:
Wherein, RDFor deep lateral log value or deep resistivity log value, RsFor shallow lateral logging value or shallow resistivity log value;? To curve F (RTC);
2. tri-porosity logging
Tri-porosity logging curve includes interval transit time (AC), density (DEN) and compensated neutron (CNL);When wherein, using sound wave The porosity that difference calculates is primary porosity, is including at least crack, corrosion using the porosity that density and compensated neutron calculate Total porosity including the secondary porosity in hole;
Interval transit time calculates primary porosity formula are as follows:
Wherein, Δ t is the stratum interval transit time value read from interval transit time curve, Δ tfFor the interval transit time value of Fluid in Pore, ΔtmaFor the interval transit time value of rock matrix;
Density log calculates total porosity formula are as follows:
Wherein, ρbFor the measured value that density log curve is read, ρfFor the density value of Fluid in Pore, ρmaFor matrix density Value;
Compensated neutron log calculates total porosity formula are as follows:
Wherein,For the measured value read on compensated neutron curve,For subvalue in rock matrix,To be flowed in hole The middle subvalue of body;
Total pore space angle value
The secondary porosity changing value as caused by the factor of crack
3. curvilinear motion rate
Choose curve interval transit time (AC), compensated neutron (CNL) and density (DEN) march Linear change rate meter of fracture sensitivity It calculates, calculation formula are as follows:
ΔXi=(| Xi-1-Xi|+|Xi+1-Xi|)/Xi
Wherein, XiFor the log value of current depth point, Xi-1And Xi+1For the log of the neighbouring two o'clock of current depth point Value;
4. hole diameter Magnification CALd
Calculation formula are as follows:
CAL is bit diameter, CALJTo survey hole diameter;
(3) calculating is normalized for parameters:
Interval transit time (AC), compensated neutron (CNL) curvilinear motion rate, three porosity, hole diameter Magnification use following formula normalizing Change:
Y=(X-Xmin)/(Xmax-Xmin)
Wherein, X indicates interval transit time (AC), compensated neutron (CNL) curvilinear motion rate, three porosity or the practical survey of hole diameter Magnification Magnitude, XmaxIndicate the interval transit time (AC), compensated neutron (CNL) curvilinear motion rate, three porosity or hole diameter of this kind of log Magnification greatest measurement, XminIndicate interval transit time (AC), compensated neutron (CNL) the curvilinear motion rate, three of this kind of log Porosity or hole diameter Magnification minimum measured value;Obtain curve F (Δ AC), F (Δ CNL), F (Δ CALd)、F(ΔΦP);
Density (DEN) change rate is normalized using following formula:
Y '=1- (X '-X 'min)/(X′max-X′min);
Wherein, X ' expression density log measured value, X 'maxIndicate the greatest measurement of density log, X 'minIndicate density log Minimum measured value;Obtain curve F (Δ DEN);
(4) fault zone interior structure comprehensive distinguishing parameter FZI is constructed
FZI=[F (Δ AC)+F (Δ CNL)+F (Δ DEN)+F (RTC)+F(ΔCALd)+F(ΔΦP)]/6
Wherein, F is the function of relatively various curves, meets the following conditions:
In formula, χ represents Δ AC, Δ CNL, Δ DEN, RTC、ΔCALdOr ΔΦP, a, b are critical values of anomalies, and have a <b.
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CN107132586B (en) * 2017-04-19 2021-04-16 华北理工大学 Quantitative identification method for structural unit of fracture belt of fractured basin
CN109814174B (en) * 2019-01-24 2021-07-06 中国石油大学(华东) Comprehensive well logging identification method for clastic rock unconformity structure body
CN109919184A (en) * 2019-01-28 2019-06-21 中国石油大学(北京) A kind of more well complex lithology intelligent identification Methods and system based on log data
CN112068200B (en) * 2020-09-12 2022-04-29 东北石油大学 Quantitative characterization and prediction method for internal structure of outcrop zone fracture zone
CN112302623B (en) * 2020-10-31 2023-07-28 中国海洋石油集团有限公司 Granite down-the-hole weathering crust structure division method based on logging data

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