CN104072256A - 一种改善芝麻品质的长效缓释复合肥 - Google Patents
一种改善芝麻品质的长效缓释复合肥 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及作物复合肥领域,具体涉及一种改善芝麻品质的长效缓释复合肥,该复合肥由以下重量份的原料制得:尿素28-30、过磷酸钙10-12、硫酸钾25-28、谷物碎粒8-10、有机堆肥30-35、虾壳粉2-3、硝酸铵10-12、硫酸铜1-3、硫酸锌2-3、木质素磺酸盐1-2、纳米碳0.1-0.2、苯甲酸钠0.01-0.02、有机硅乳液10-13、干榴莲壳5-6、硫酸氧钛0.1-0.2、草木灰10-12、干水杨梅根茎5-7、铝矾土3-5、丙酸钙0.01-0.02、助剂3-5;本发明的缓释复合肥利用干榴莲壳、干水杨梅根茎等原料制备了吸附剂,将富含活性成分的有机质发酵液与助剂等原料与吸附剂混合,同时利用缓释包膜剂达到肥力的控制,达到延长肥效的效果,使得芝麻养分利用率高,营养物质积累快,产品品质获得提升,种植效益高。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及农作物专用复合肥领域,具体涉及一种改善芝麻品质的长效缓释复合肥。
背景技术
复合肥在现代农业中扮演着极其重要、不可或缺的角色,它较之传统有机肥的优点在于养分种类多、含量高,养分利用率高,且包装、贮存、施用方便,是未来化肥致力发展的方向。然而现有的复合肥多存在养分比例相对固定,不能满足不同土壤环境以及不同作物品种各生长阶段生长所需,最终导致肥效的无效流失,不能达到令人满意的增产增收效果,因此,很有必要从不同种类作物的需肥特点出发,制定不同作物专用肥料,并进行科学的配比,在不破坏土壤平衡的基础上,延长肥效持续时间,提高土壤活力,促进作物根部生长,增加根部对养分的吸收效率,避免肥效的无效释放,从而达到提高种植效益的目的,并实现可持续绿色种植,为消费者功效高质量的产品。
发明内容
本发明目的在于提供一种能够改善芝麻品质的长效缓释复合肥,为了实现上述目的,本发明采用的技术方案如下:
一种改善芝麻品质的长效缓释复合肥,其特征在于,该复合肥由以下重量份的原料制成:尿素28-30、过磷酸钙10-12、硫酸钾25-28、谷物碎粒8-10、有机堆肥30-35、虾壳粉2-3、硝酸铵10-12、硫酸铜1-3、硫酸锌2-3、木质素磺酸盐1-2、纳米碳0.1-0.2、苯甲酸钠0.01-0.02、有机硅乳液10-13、干榴莲壳5-6、硫酸氧钛0.1-0.2、草木灰10-12、干水杨梅根茎5-7、铝矾土3-5、丙酸钙0.01-0.02、助剂3-5;
助剂由以下重量份的原料制成:肉桂油1-3、十二烷基苯磺酸钠1-2、硫酸锰2-3、酪蛋白磷酸肽4-5、纳米碳0.01-0.02、羧甲基淀粉钠6-8、碳酸氢钠2-3、α-硫辛酸1-2,制备方法为:先将十二烷基苯磺酸钠与10倍于其重量份的水混合,加热至55-65℃,搅拌至其完全溶解分散后,再加入肉桂油、硫酸锰、酪蛋白磷酸肽、纳米碳,搅拌40-50min,最后加入其它剩余物料,继续搅拌1-2h,搅拌结束后自然冷却至室温,即得。
所述的有机硅乳液固含量为20-30%。
所述的一种改善芝麻品质的长效缓释复合肥,其生产步骤为:
(1)先将干榴莲壳、干水杨梅根茎混合均匀后粉碎,过80目筛,得到的粉体经400-500℃高温碳化处理1-2h得到的粉体投入8-10%的稀盐酸溶液中浸泡活化3-4h后,过滤,粉体洗涤至中性,干燥后备用;
(2)将谷物碎粒粉碎后与虾壳粉混合,与水按1:0.4的重量比混合稀释,并加入适量嗜酸乳杆菌,搅拌均匀后,在常温密闭条件下水解发酵25-30天,发酵结束后过滤,滤渣备用,滤液与步骤(1)所得的粉体及硫酸铜、硫酸锌、硫酸氧钛、助剂混合,搅拌1-2h,制成浆料备用;
(3)将木质素磺酸盐、纳米碳与有机硅乳液混合,加热至40-50℃,搅拌50-60min,制成缓释包膜剂;
(4)将步骤(2)所得的发酵物滤渣与浆料及其它剩余物料混合均匀后送入造粒机制粒,随后将制得的颗粒送入包膜机中,控制包膜机温度50-60℃,并在颗粒表面喷涂步骤(3)制备的缓释包膜剂,包膜剂用量为颗粒重量的3-5%,包膜后的颗粒经自然冷却干燥后即得成品。
本发明复合肥的优点在于:将干榴莲壳、干水杨梅根茎经过高温碳化、活化处理后制备成具有吸附作用的粉体,并将经嗜酸乳杆菌发酵谷物碎粒、虾壳得到的发酵液以及能促进作物根部生长发育,促进养分吸收的助剂等原料与具有制备的吸附效果的粉体混合,从而防止这些养分的无效流失,极大的提高肥料的利用率;同时利用纳米碳改性的有机硅乳液作为缓释包膜剂,更一步提高了肥料的缓控能力,延长肥效,满足芝麻不同生长阶段需肥规律,有效的避免了因肥力不足导致的早衰、减产现象;本发明复合肥肥力充足,富含活性成分,能够加快芝麻对养分的吸收利用,加快养分积累,提高芝麻的品质,从而获得高的种植效益。
具体实施方式
实施例
本实施例的复合肥料由以下重量份(公斤)的原料制得:尿素30、过磷酸钙10、硫酸钾28、谷物碎粒10、有机堆肥35、虾壳粉3、硝酸铵12、硫酸铜1、硫酸锌3、木质素磺酸盐2、纳米碳0.1、苯甲酸钠0.02、固含量为30%的有机硅乳液12、干榴莲壳6、硫酸氧钛0.1、草木灰12、干水杨梅根茎6、铝矾土5、丙酸钙0.01、助剂5;助剂由下列重量份的原料制成:肉桂油2、十二烷基苯磺酸钠2、硫酸锰3、酪蛋白磷酸肽5、纳米碳0.01、羧甲基淀粉钠6、碳酸氢钠3、α-硫辛酸2,制备方法为:先将十二烷基苯磺酸钠与10倍于其重量份的水混合,加热至55-65℃,搅拌至其完全溶解分散后,再加入肉桂油、硫酸锰、酪蛋白磷酸肽、纳米碳,搅拌50min,最后加入其它剩余物料,继续搅拌1.5h,搅拌结束后自然冷却至室温,即得。
本实施例的复合肥生产步骤为:
(1)先将干榴莲壳、干水杨梅根茎混合均匀后粉碎,过80目筛,得到的粉体经400-500℃高温碳化处理2h,得到的粉体投入10%的稀盐酸溶液中浸泡活化4h后,过滤,粉体洗涤至中性,干燥后备用;
(2)将谷物碎粒粉碎后与虾壳粉混合,与水按1:0.4的重量比混合稀释,并加入适量嗜酸乳杆菌,搅拌均匀后,在常温密闭条件下水解发酵30天,发酵结束后过滤,滤渣备用,滤液与步骤(1)所得的粉体及硫酸铜、硫酸锌、硫酸氧钛、助剂混合,搅拌2h,制成浆料备用;
(3)将木质素磺酸盐、纳米碳与有机硅乳液混合,加热至40-50℃,搅拌60min,制成缓释包膜剂;
(4)将步骤(2)所得的发酵物滤渣与浆料及其它剩余物料混合均匀后送入造粒机制粒,随后将制得的颗粒送入包膜机中,控制包膜机温度50-60℃,并在颗粒表面喷涂步骤(3)制备的缓释包膜剂,包膜剂用量为颗粒重量的3%,包膜后的颗粒经自然冷却干燥后即得成品。
本实施例在两块面积均为5亩的芝麻种植地进行,试验的芝麻品种均为皖芝1号,两块种植地分别标记为试验组与对照组,试验组施用本实施例复合肥,对照组施用常规复合肥,所有肥料均作为基肥一次施用,亩施量为46Kg,两块试验地的日常管理均相同,6月上旬播种,9月中旬收获。试验过程中试验组芝麻较对照组芝麻植株均高增加4.5%,总蒴数增加10.8%,蒴粒数提高18.7%,千粒重增加8.8%,亩产量提高27.3%;芝麻品质检测结果表明,试验组芝麻中粗蛋白含量较对照组提高1.6%,粗脂肪含量降低0.48%。
此外,根据缓释肥国家标准GBT23348-2009的测定方法,本实施例的缓释复合肥在24h的累积养分溶出率为9.3%,满足<15%的要求,28d的累积养分溶出率为54.6%,满足<80%的要求。
Claims (2)
1.一种改善芝麻品质的长效缓释复合肥,其特征在于,该复合肥由以下重量份的原料制成:尿素28-30、过磷酸钙10-12、硫酸钾25-28、谷物碎粒8-10、有机堆肥30-35、虾壳粉2-3、硝酸铵10-12、硫酸铜1-3、硫酸锌2-3、木质素磺酸盐1-2、纳米碳0.1-0.2、苯甲酸钠0.01-0.02、有机硅乳液10-13、干榴莲壳5-6、硫酸氧钛0.1-0.2、草木灰10-12、干水杨梅根茎5-7、铝矾土3-5、丙酸钙0.01-0.02、助剂3-5;
助剂由下列重量份的原料制成:肉桂油1-3、十二烷基苯磺酸钠1-2、硫酸锰2-3、酪蛋白磷酸肽4-5、纳米碳0.01-0.02、羧甲基淀粉钠6-8、碳酸氢钠2-3、α-硫辛酸1-2,制备方法为:先将十二烷基苯磺酸钠与10倍于其重量份的水混合,加热至55-65℃,搅拌至其完全溶解分散后,再加入肉桂油、硫酸锰、酪蛋白磷酸肽、纳米碳,搅拌40-50min,最后加入其它剩余物料,继续搅拌1-2h,搅拌结束后自然冷却至室温,即得。
2.如权利要求1所述的一种改善芝麻品质的长效缓释复合肥,其特征在于,所述的有机硅乳液固含量为20-30%;
如权利要求1所述的一种改善芝麻品质的长效缓释复合肥,其生产步骤为:
(1)先将干榴莲壳、干水杨梅根茎混合均匀后粉碎,过80目筛,得到的粉体经400-500℃高温碳化处理1-2h,得到的粉体投入8-10%的稀盐酸溶液中浸泡活化3-4h后,过滤,粉体洗涤至中性,干燥后备用;
(2)将谷物碎粒粉碎后与虾壳粉混合,与水按1:0.4的重量比混合稀释,并加入适量嗜酸乳杆菌,搅拌均匀后,在常温密闭条件下水解发酵25-30天,发酵结束后过滤,滤渣备用,滤液与步骤(1)所得的粉体及硫酸铜、硫酸锌、硫酸氧钛、助剂混合,搅拌1-2h,制成浆料备用;
(3)将木质素磺酸盐、纳米碳与有机硅乳液混合,加热至40-50℃,搅拌50-60min,制成缓释包膜剂;
(4)将步骤(2)所得的发酵物滤渣与浆料及其它剩余物料混合均匀后送入造粒机制粒,随后将制得的颗粒送入包膜机中,控制包膜机温度50-60℃,并在颗粒表面喷涂步骤(3)制备的缓释包膜剂,包膜剂用量为颗粒重量的3-5%,包膜后的颗粒经自然冷却干燥后即得成品。
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