CN104061852B - Rock cuttings shearing slip large deformation monitoring system and monitoring method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of rock cuttings shearing slip large deformation monitoring system and monitoring method, based on Magnetic oriented principle, respectively magnetic and magnetic sensor probe are arranged in side and the opposite side of rock cuttings easy glide, the magnetic induction that magnetic sends is detected by magnetic sensor probe, during rock cuttings generation shearing slip, magnetic is along with tomography together sliding, the now change of magnetic sensor probe dynamic instrumentation magnetic induction, rock cuttings shearing slip large deformation is calculated by remote data processing center by magnetic induction change, rock is carried out early warning along with the sliding of tomography is caved in.The invention provides method and the monitoring system of a kind of new monitoring rock cuttings shearing slip large deformation, can under the adverse circumstances such as rainwater, Seepage of Rock Masses, Rolling Stone, mud-rock flow long service, equipment needed thereby quantity is few, lays simplicity, and monitoring is accurately.

Description

Rock cuttings shearing slip large deformation monitoring system and monitoring method

Technical field

The present invention relates to Geotechnical Engineering field of measuring technique, particularly to a kind of rock cuttings shearing slip large deformation monitoring System and monitoring method.

Background technology

Rock mass is made up of rock and tomography, rock cuttings as a low-intensity, yielding, water penetration is big, water-resistance is poor Weak band, on physico mechanical characteristic, have significant difference with its both sides rock mass.The intensity of tomography and deformation aspect, Chang Cheng For controlling the stable restraining factors of all kinds of rock mass engineering projects, be also simultaneously the Main Boundaries condition that occurs of many Serious geological disasters it One.The shearing slip of rock cuttings is monitored early warning and has highly important meaning.

In traditional monitoring method, geodetic level(l)ing method, GPS observational network, synthetic aperture radar interferometry etc. can be surveyed The deformation on amount rock mass surface, precision is up to millimeter rank, and its signal cannot through-fall, rock, it is impossible to the inside of monitoring rock mass becomes Shape, and easily affected by meteorological condition, it is impossible to it is on active service under the environment such as rainwater, Seepage of Rock Masses, mud-rock flow.Horizontal acoustic waves profile method (HSP), loose stratum, GPR method, infrared water detecting method, Electromagnetic CT detection method, High Density Resistivity and high frequency Magnetotelluric methods etc. can detect the spatial distribution of rock cuttings, even up to image conversion, but its precision is the highest, in the change of tomography Shape monitoring aspect has difficulties.At present, mostly use the horizontal displacement at different elevations of the boring dip circle observation tomography or hang down Straight displacement, the method that there is no directly monitors the tomography shearing slip deformation along glide direction.On the other hand, though existing clinograph So can indirectly extrapolate the deformation distribution of rock cuttings, performance and the scope of application substantially meet wanting of rock cuttings initial deformation Asking, but lay loaded down with trivial details, fragile under the adverse circumstances such as mud-rock flow, Seepage of Rock Masses, Rolling Stone, conversion Calculation causes cumulative error, Measurement scope is little, and the large deformation in the middle and late stage stage of rock cuttings shearing slip deformation there is no method monitoring.

For above-mentioned deficiency, it is necessary to research one can easy, the accurately monitoring big change of rock cuttings shearing slip The monitoring system and method for shape.

Summary of the invention

Because needing the problem of solution in rock cuttings shearing slip large deformation monitoring badly, the present invention is former based on Magnetic oriented Reason, it is provided that a kind of system for rock cuttings shearing slip large deformation monitoring and using method, by magnetic sensor probe and magnetic Body is arranged in rock deep, monitors rock cuttings shearing slip large deformation, along with the sliding of tomography is caved in, rock is carried out early warning.

The rock cuttings shearing slip large deformation monitoring system of the present invention, gathers including magnetic, magnetic sensor probe, magnetic field Main frame, RS232 wireless transport module and remote data processing center, described magnetic is placed in the interior of rock cuttings easy glide side Portion, described magnetic sensor probe is placed in the inside of the opposite side of rock cuttings, and described magnetic sensor probe gathers what magnetic was launched Magnetic induction value also gathers main frame, then by RS232 wireless transport module teletransmission extremely to described magnetic field by cable transmission Remote data processing center, magnetic induction value is calculated as displacement by remote data processing center.

Further, described magnetic includes Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet and gimbals；Described gimbals include spheroid, outer Ring, internal ring and warehouse, described outer shroud two ends pivoting support is in spheroid, in the pivoting support outer shroud of internal ring two ends, warehouse revolution Hold in internal ring, the same center of gravity of described spheroid, outer shroud and internal ring, the axis of rotation of described outer shroud (2b), the gyroaxis of internal ring (2c) The axis of rotation of line and warehouse (2d) is mutually arranged in same level, and the axis of rotation of outer shroud (2b) and internal ring (2c) Axis of rotation is mutually perpendicular to, and the axis of rotation of internal ring (2c) is mutually perpendicular to the axis of rotation of warehouse (2d) horizontal vertical；Described Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet is placed in warehouse, and during balls tumble, the Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet in warehouse keeps translation.

Further, described magnetic sensor probe is made up of three axle magnetometers of four square layouts, described four three axles The XYZ direction of principal axis of magnetometer is identical, and two of which is positioned at X-axis, and two other is positioned at Y-axis.

Further, described magnetic also include the isolation rubber layer surrounded successively outside gimbals, epoxy sealing layer and Concrete casing.

Present invention also offers a kind of rock cuttings shearing slip large deformation monitoring method, comprise the steps:

S1) the side rock body drilled easily slided at rock cuttings arranges magnetic, buries magnetic underground in opposite side rock body drilled Sensor probe, measures magnetic and the horizontal range Δ L of the magnetic sensor probe line of centres, depth displacement Δ h, rock cuttings thickness d；

Preferably, the depth of burying of magnetic sensor probe is more shallow than the depth of burying of magnetic；

S2) magnetic induction that magnetic sensor probe detection magnetic sends, is transmitted to data acquisition module by transmission cable Magnetic field in block gathers main frame, then is sent to remotely number by the RS232 wireless transport module being embedded in data acquisition module According to processing center, remote data processing center calculates shearing slip:

S2.1) magnetic induction that the magnetic that magnetic sensor probe detects is launched is calculated as magnetic field gradient, calculates As follows:

$B_{xx}\≈\frac{B_{xA}-B_{xB}}{L}---\left(1a\right)$

$B_{yy}\≈\frac{B_{yC}-B_{yD}}{L}---\left(1b\right)$

B_zz≈-B_xx-B_yy (1c)

$B_{yz}=B_{zy}\≈\frac{B_{zC}-B_{zD}}{L}---\left(1d\right)$

$B_{xz}=B_{zx}\≈\frac{B_{zA}-B_{zB}}{L}---\left(1e\right)$

$B_{xy}=B_{yx}\≈\frac{B_{xC}-B_{xD}+B_{yA}-B_{yB}}{2L}---\left(1f\right)$

In formula, B_xi、B_yiAnd B_zi(one in the most corresponding four the three axle magnetometers of i=A, B, C, D) are that magnetic induction is strong Degree, is obtained by four three axle magnetometer measures in magnetic sensor probe, and L is the distance in X-axis and Y-axis between two magnetometers； B_xxFor magnetic induction density B_xiMagnetic field gradient along x direction；B_xyFor magnetic induction density B_xiMagnetic field gradient along y direction；B_xz For magnetic induction density B_xiMagnetic field gradient along z direction；B_yxFor magnetic induction density B_yiMagnetic field gradient along x direction；B_yyFor magnetic Induction B_yiMagnetic field gradient along y direction；B_yzFor magnetic induction density B_yiMagnetic field gradient along z direction；B_zxFor magnetic induction Intensity B_ziMagnetic field gradient along x direction；B_zyFor magnetic induction density B_ziMagnetic field gradient along y direction；B_zzFor magnetic induction B_ziMagnetic field gradient along z direction；

S2.2) by the modulus of magnetic field gradient calculating magnetic field gradient tensor it is:

$C_T={(B_{xx}^2+B_{yy}^2+B_{zz}^2+2B_{xy}^2+2B_{xz}^2+2B_{yz}^2)}^2---\left(2\right)$

Magnetic and distance r of magnetic sensor probe when S2.3) calculating rock cuttings shearing slip

$r\≈r_0{\left(\frac{C_{T0}}{C_T}\right)}^{0.25}---\left(3\right)$

In formula, r₀For the initial distance of magnetic Yu magnetic sensor probe, r₀=(Δ h²+ΔL²)^0.5；C_T0And C_TCorrespondence respectively Magnetic sensor probe is r to the distance of magnetic₀With the modulus of magnetic field gradient tensor during r, magnetic sensor probe pass through formula after measuring (1a-1f) it is calculated with formula (2)；Formula (2) is substituted into formula (3), r can be obtained；

S2.4) rock cuttings shearing slip large deformation s is calculated:

$s={(r^2-d^2)}^{0.5}-{(r_0^2-d^2)}^{0.5}---\left(4\right)$

S3) to the shearing slip of rock cuttings and cave in and carry out early warning.

Beneficial effects of the present invention: the rock cuttings shearing slip large deformation monitoring system of the present invention and monitoring method, base In Magnetic oriented principle, magnetic and magnetic sensor probe are arranged in side and the opposite side of rock cuttings easy glide, The magnetic induction that magnetic sends is detected by magnetic sensor probe, and during rock cuttings generation shearing slip, magnetic is along with tomography Together sliding, the now change of magnetic sensor probe dynamic instrumentation magnetic induction, changed by teledata by magnetic induction Processing center calculates rock cuttings shearing slip large deformation, and along with the sliding of tomography is caved in, rock is carried out early warning.The present invention A kind of method providing new monitoring rock cuttings shearing slip large deformation, monitoring system equipment needed thereby quantity is few, lays letter Just, monitoring is accurately.

Accompanying drawing explanation

The invention will be further described with embodiment below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

Fig. 1 is the structured flowchart of the magnetic of the present invention；

Fig. 2 is the scattergram of 4 three axle magnetometers in magnetic sensor probe；

Fig. 3 is the enforcement schematic diagram of the rock cuttings shearing slip large deformation monitoring system of the present invention；

Fig. 4 is the principle schematic of the rock cuttings shearing slip large deformation monitoring of the present invention；

In figure: 1-Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet；2-gimbals；3-rubber vibration isolation layer；4-epoxide compound seal material；5-coagulation Soil shell；6-magnetic；7-magnetic sensor probe；8-rock mass；9-tomography；10-cable；11-magnetic field gathers main frame；12-RS232 without Line transport module；13-data acquisition module；14-remote data processing center.

Detailed description of the invention

Below with reference to accompanying drawing, the present invention is described in detail.

The rock cuttings shearing slip large deformation monitoring system of the present embodiment, including magnetic 6, magnetic sensor probe 7, magnetic field Gather main frame 11, RS232 wireless transport module 12 and remote data processing center 14, it is characterised in that: described magnetic 6 is placed in The inside of rock cuttings 9 easy glide side, described magnetic sensor probe 7 is placed in the inside of the opposite side of rock cuttings, and described magnetic passes The sense probe 7 collection magnetic induction value launched of magnetics is also transferred to the magnetic field in data acquisition module 13 by cable 10 Gather main frame 11, then by RS232 wireless transport module 12 teletransmission in data acquisition module 13 to Remote data processing The heart 14, magnetic induction value is calculated as sliding displacement by remote data processing center 14.

As the further improvement of technique scheme, described magnetic 6 includes Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet 1 and gimbals 2； Described gimbals 2 include spheroid 2a, outer shroud 2b, internal ring 2c and warehouse 2d, and described outer shroud 2b two ends pivoting support is at spheroid 2a In, internal ring 2c two ends pivoting support in outer shroud 2b, warehouse 2d pivoting support in internal ring 2c, described spheroid 2a, outer shroud 2b and The same center of gravity of internal ring 2c, the axis of rotation of described outer shroud (2b), the axis of rotation of internal ring (2c) and the axis of rotation phase of warehouse (2d) It is arranged in same level mutually, and the axis of rotation of the axis of rotation of outer shroud (2b) and internal ring (2c) is mutually perpendicular to, internal ring (2c) axis of rotation is mutually perpendicular to the axis of rotation of warehouse (2d) horizontal vertical；Described Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet is placed in warehouse In, the center of gravity of Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet 1 and the warehouse 2d center of gravity less than spheroid 2a, although so when fault slip, spheroid 2a can roll Dynamic, but the Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet in warehouse keeps translation, and such purpose is the shearing slip for the ease of calculating rock mass tomography.

As the further improvement of technique scheme, described magnetic sensor probe 7 is by three axles of four square layouts Magnetometer forms, and numbering is respectively A, B, C, D, as in figure 2 it is shown, the XYZ direction of principal axis of tetra-three axle magnetometers of ABCD is identical, wherein AB is positioned at X-axis, and CD is positioned at Y-axis, and the distribution center of ABCD is initial point o, is arranged so as to be calculated by the axial displacement of XYZ Go out shearing slip large deformation.

As the further improvement of technique scheme, described magnetic 6 also includes surrounding successively outside gimbals Isolation rubber layer 3, epoxy sealing layer 4 and concrete casing 5.Rubber layer 3, for shock insulation, prevents the magnetic of neodymium iron boron in knockout process Property disappear, concrete casing 5 and rubber layer 3 can combine opposing rock cuttings sliding time extruding, shock；Epoxy sealing layer 4 is used In antiseepage, can be on active service in rainwater, Seepage of Rock Masses, strengthen the durability that magnetic uses.

Use above-mentioned monitoring system to carry out rock cuttings shearing slip large deformation monitoring method, comprise the steps:

S1) the side rock body drilled easily slided at rock cuttings arranges magnetic, buries magnetic underground in opposite side rock body drilled Sensor probe, measures magnetic and the horizontal range Δ L of magnetic sensor probe, depth displacement Δ h, rock cuttings thickness d；Need explanation , various distances between magnetic referred to herein and magnetic sensor probe are all referring to the center of Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet 1 and magnetic Distance between four three axle magnetometer distribution center o in sensor probe.

Due to the low cost of magnetic, preferably disappear with Rock Mass；And magnetic sensor probe is instrument, with cable, cost Higher, therefore, the depth of burying of magnetic sensor probe is more shallow than the depth of burying of magnetic, so as not to destroyed, simultaneously facilitate and used Maintenance in journey；

S2) magnetic induction that magnetic sensor probe detection magnetic sends, is transmitted to data acquisition module by transmission cable Magnetic field in block gathers main frame, then is sent to remotely number by the RS232 wireless transport module being embedded in data acquisition module According to processing center, remote data processing center calculates shearing slip:

S2.1) magnetic induction that the magnetic that magnetic sensor probe detects is launched is calculated as magnetic field gradient, calculates As follows:

$B_{xx}\≈\frac{B_{xA}-B_{xB}}{L}---\left(1a\right)$

$B_{yy}\≈\frac{B_{yC}-B_{yD}}{L}---\left(1b\right)$

B_zz≈-B_xx-B_yy (1c)

$B_{yz}=B_{zy}\≈\frac{B_{zC}-B_{zD}}{L}---\left(1d\right)$

$B_{xz}=B_{zx}\≈\frac{B_{zA}-B_{zB}}{L}---\left(1e\right)$

$B_{xy}=B_{yx}\≈\frac{B_{xC}-B_{xD}+B_{yA}-B_{yB}}{2L}---\left(1f\right)$

In formula, B_xi、B_yiAnd B_zi(one in the most corresponding four the three axle magnetometers of i=A, B, C, D) are that magnetic induction is strong Degree, is obtained by four three axle magnetometer measures in magnetic sensor probe；L is the distance in X-axis and Y-axis between two magnetometers, L Value is too small, measures not accurate enough, and value is excessive, and magnetic sensor probe volume is too big, and the preferred value of L is 0.3～0.5 meter.B_xxFor Magnetic induction density B_xiMagnetic field gradient along x direction；B_xyFor magnetic induction density B_xiMagnetic field gradient along y direction；B_xzFor magnetic strength Answer intensity B_xiMagnetic field gradient along z direction；B_yxFor magnetic induction density B_yiMagnetic field gradient along x direction；B_yyStrong for magnetic induction Degree B_yiMagnetic field gradient along y direction；B_yzFor magnetic induction density B_yiMagnetic field gradient along z direction；B_zxFor magnetic induction B_ziMagnetic field gradient along x direction；B_zyFor magnetic induction density B_ziMagnetic field gradient along y direction；B_zzFor magnetic induction density B_zi Magnetic field gradient along z direction.

S2.2) modulus C of magnetic field gradient tensor is calculated by magnetic field gradient_T:

$C_T={(B_{xx}^2+B_{yy}^2+B_{zz}^2+2B_{xy}^2+2B_{xz}^2+2B_{yz}^2)}^2---\left(2\right)$

Magnetic and distance r of magnetic sensor probe when S2.3) calculating rock cuttings shearing slip, due to r₀？D, r？D, and During shearing slip, the Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet 1 in magnetic 6 does not rotates, only translation, then Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet 1 The axis of magnetic dipole is negligible with the change of the angle of vertical direction, therefore can draw

$r\≈r_0{\left(\frac{C_{T0}}{C_T}\right)}^{0.25}---\left(3\right)$

In formula, r₀For the initial distance of magnetic Yu magnetic sensor probe, r₀=(Δ h²+ΔL²)^0.5；C_T0And C_TCorrespondence respectively Magnetic sensor probe is r to the distance of magnetic₀With the modulus of magnetic field gradient tensor during r, magnetic sensor probe pass through formula after measuring (1a-1f) it is calculated with formula (2)；Formula (2) is substituted into formula (3), r can be obtained；

S2.4) rock cuttings shearing slip large deformation s is calculated:

S=(r²-d²)^0.5-(r₀ ²-d²)^0.5(4)

Thus, by changes of magnetic field during detection rock mass fault slip, and then the big change of rock cuttings shearing slip is calculated Shape s.

S3) to the shearing slip of rock cuttings and cave in and carry out early warning.

Finally illustrating, above example is only in order to illustrate technical scheme and unrestricted, although with reference to relatively The present invention has been described in detail by good embodiment, it will be understood by those within the art that, can be to the skill of the present invention Art scheme is modified or equivalent, and without deviating from objective and the scope of technical solution of the present invention, it all should be contained at this In the middle of the right of invention.

Claims (5)

1. a rock cuttings shearing slip large deformation monitoring system, gathers including magnetic (6), magnetic sensor probe (7), magnetic field Main frame (11), RS232 wireless transport module (12) and remote data processing center (14), it is characterised in that: described magnetic (6) Being placed in the inside of rock cuttings (9) easy glide side, described magnetic sensor probe (7) is placed in the inside of the opposite side of rock cuttings, Described magnetic sensor probe (7) gathers the magnetic induction value launched of magnetic and passes through cable (10) and be transferred to described magnetic field and adopt Collection main frame (11), then by RS232 wireless transport module (12) teletransmission to remote data processing center (14), at teledata Magnetic induction value is calculated as sliding displacement by reason center.

Rock cuttings shearing slip large deformation monitoring system the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described magnetic (6) Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet (1) and gimbals (2) are included；Described gimbals (2) include spheroid (2a), outer shroud (2b), internal ring (2c) with warehouse (2d), described outer shroud (2b) two ends pivoting support is in spheroid (2a), and internal ring (2c) two ends pivoting support is outside In ring (2b), warehouse (2d) pivoting support in internal ring (2c), described spheroid (2a), outer shroud (2b) and internal ring (2c) same to center of gravity, The axis of rotation of the axis of rotation of described outer shroud (2b), the axis of rotation of internal ring (2c) and warehouse (2d) is arranged on same level In, and the axis of rotation of the axis of rotation of outer shroud (2b) and internal ring (2c) is mutually perpendicular to, the axis of rotation of internal ring (2c) and warehouse (2d) axis of rotation is mutually perpendicular to；Described Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet is placed in warehouse (2d), described Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet (1) and storehouse The center of gravity of body (2d) is less than the center of gravity of spheroid (2a).

Rock cuttings shearing slip large deformation monitoring system the most according to claim 2, it is characterised in that: described magnetic senses Probe (7) is made up of three axle magnetometers of four square layouts, and the XYZ direction of principal axis of described four three axle magnetometers is identical, Two of which is positioned at X-axis, and two other is positioned at Y-axis.

Rock cuttings shearing slip large deformation monitoring system the most according to claim 3, it is characterised in that: described magnetic (6) the isolation rubber layer (3) surrounded successively, epoxy sealing layer (4) and the concrete casing (5) outside gimbals is also included.

5. a rock cuttings shearing slip large deformation monitoring method, it is characterised in that: comprise the steps:

S1) the side rock body drilled easily slided at rock cuttings buries magnetic underground, buries magnetic sensing underground in opposite side rock body drilled Probe, measures magnetic and the horizontal range Δ L of the magnetic sensor probe line of centres, depth displacement Δ h, rock cuttings thickness d；

S2) magnetic induction that magnetic sensor probe detection magnetic sends, by transmission cable transmission to data acquisition module Magnetic field gather main frame (11), then be sent to far by the RS232 wireless transport module (12) being embedded in data acquisition module Journey data processing centre, remote data processing center calculating shearing slip:

S2.1) magnetic induction that the magnetic that magnetic sensor probe detects is launched is calculated as magnetic field gradient, is calculated as follows:

$B_{xx}\≈\frac{B_{xA}-B_{xB}}{L}---\left(1a\right)$

$B_{yy}\≈\frac{B_{yC}-B_{yD}}{L}---\left(1b\right)$

B_zz≈-B_xx-B_yy (1c)

$B_{yz}=B_{zy}\≈\frac{B_{zC}-B_{zD}}{L}---\left(1d\right)$

$B_{xz}=B_{zx}\≈\frac{B_{zA}-B_{zB}}{L}---\left(1e\right)$

$B_{xy}=B_{yx}\≈\frac{B_{xC}-B_{xD}+B_{yA}-B_{yB}}{2L}---\left(1f\right)$

In formula, B_xi、B_yiAnd B_ziFor magnetic induction, wherein i=A, B, C, D, the most corresponding four the three axle magnetometers of A, B, C, D In one, B_xi、B_yiAnd B_ziBeing obtained by four three axle magnetometer measures in magnetic sensor probe, L is two magnetic in X-axis and Y-axis Distance between power meter；B_xxFor magnetic induction density B_xiMagnetic field gradient along x direction；B_xyFor magnetic induction density B_xiAlong y direction Magnetic field gradient；B_xzFor magnetic induction density B_xiMagnetic field gradient along z direction；B_yxFor magnetic induction density B_yiMagnetic along x direction Field gradient；B_yyFor magnetic induction density B_yiMagnetic field gradient along y direction；B_yzFor magnetic induction density B_yiMagnetic field ladder along z direction Degree；B_zxFor magnetic induction density B_ziMagnetic field gradient along x direction；B_zyFor magnetic induction density B_ziMagnetic field gradient along y direction； B_zzFor magnetic induction density B_ziMagnetic field gradient along z direction；

S2.2) by the modulus of magnetic field gradient calculating magnetic field gradient tensor it is:

$C_T={(B_{xx}^2+B_{yy}^2+B_{zz}^2+2B_{xy}^2+2B_{xz}^2+2B_{yz}^2)}^2---\left(2\right)$

Magnetic and distance r of magnetic sensor probe when S2.3) calculating rock cuttings shearing slip

$r\≈r_0{\left(\frac{C_{T0}}{C_T}\right)}^{0.25}---\left(3\right)$

In formula, r₀For the initial distance of magnetic Yu magnetic sensor probe, r₀=(Δ h²+ΔL²)^0.5；C_T0And C_TThe most corresponding magnetic passes Sense probe is r to the distance of magnetic₀With the modulus of magnetic field gradient tensor during r, magnetic sensor probe after measuring, pass through formula (1a- 1f) it is calculated with formula (2)；Formula (2) is substituted into formula (3), r can be obtained；

S2.4) rock cuttings shearing slip large deformation s is calculated:

S=(r²-d²)^0.5-(r₀ ²-d²)^0.5 (4)

S3) to the shearing slip of rock cuttings and cave in and carry out early warning.