CN103063122A - Underground displacement three-dimensional measurement method and device based on Hall effect and magnetoresistive effect - Google Patents
Underground displacement three-dimensional measurement method and device based on Hall effect and magnetoresistive effect Download PDFInfo
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- CN103063122A CN103063122A CN2013100003310A CN201310000331A CN103063122A CN 103063122 A CN103063122 A CN 103063122A CN 2013100003310 A CN2013100003310 A CN 2013100003310A CN 201310000331 A CN201310000331 A CN 201310000331A CN 103063122 A CN103063122 A CN 103063122A
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Abstract
The invention discloses an underground displacement three-dimensional measurement method and a device based on Hall effect and magnetoresistive effect. An integrated form sensor is formed by series connection of a plurality of cylinder measuring units through power lines and communication lines, wherein four pieces of faceplates are imbedded in each unit. The four faceplates are respectively composed of a sensor array comprising three Hall effect sensors distributed in an equilateral triangle, a double-shaft magnetic sensor based on magnetoresistive effect and a measuring circuit, a shielding layer and a cylindrical permanent magnet steel. After the integrated form sensor is inserted into a rock-soil body vertically, the output signal of the integrated form sensor is collected and processed by an information processing unit. By means of the double-shaft magnetic sensor for measuring the terrestrial magnetism, an azimuth angle of a coordinate axis can be measured; by means of the Hall sensor array, a three-dimensional coordinate value of the magnet steel can be measured; due to a soil layer deformation, a relative displacement occurs between the adjacent measuring units, and then a new three-dimensional coordinate value of the magnet steel is measured. By means of the three values, the measurement on the relative displacement between the adjacent measuring units can be completed through geometry calculations, so that the displacement three-dimensional measurement of the entire rock-soil body from underground to ground surface can be completed.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of underground displacement measurement method and device, especially relate to a kind of ground bottom offset method for three-dimensional measurement and device based on Hall and magnetoresistance.
Background technology
Geologic hazard and earthquake have brought huge loss and threat to people's life and property.The underground displacement measurement of sliding mass is the effective means of monitoring Landslide Stability, and the measurement of underground distortion was the important evidence of observation earthquake precursors and Study of Seismic rule when crustal plate was pushed.Existing underground displacement measurement still can not be measured the three dimensional change of ground bottom offset.The three dimensional change of sliding mass ground bottom offset and crustal plate crimp is measured, and is the important monitoring information whether the Study of Landslides body causes calamity, diastrophe and earthquake pests occurrence rule.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of ground bottom offset method for three-dimensional measurement and device based on Hall and magnetoresistance.
The technical solution used in the present invention is:
One, a kind of ground bottom offset method for three-dimensional measurement based on Hall and magnetoresistance:
Integrated type sensor of the present invention is formed by power lead and connection serial connection by a plurality of cylindrical measurements unit, and the upper and lower surface of adjacent cells is parallel to each other, and each unit is embedded panel S all
1, S
2, S
3And S
4First panel S
1On be the sensor array that hall effect sensor that equilateral triangle distributes forms by three; Second panel S
2On be that a slice is based on twin shaft Magnetic Sensor and the metering circuit of magnetoresistance; The 3rd panel S
3It is screen layer; The 4th panel S
4On be a cylindrical permanent-magnet steel; The integrated type sensor straight cutting is entered in the Rock And Soil; Magnetic field around the cylindrical permanent-magnet steel is symmetrical about its axis; Hall element is measured the magnetic induction density component along magnet steel axis direction, carries out coordinate conversion and obtains the magnetic induction density identical contour surface face bunch distribution of this component around magnet steel; The contour surface likeness in form is parabolic, and the output valve of Hall element was constant when magnet steel moved along contour surface; For every a pair of up and down two cylindrical measurement unit, under the magnetic fields that the magnet steel of superincumbent measuring unit lower end produces, three magnitudes of voltage of three Hall elements output that are the equilateral triangle distribution of following measuring unit upper end obtain three contour surfaces; Three contour surfaces intersect at a point in the space, and this point coordinate value is exactly the three-dimensional coordinate of magnet steel; Rock And Soil distortion can change up and down the relative position between two cylindrical measurement unit; After obtaining the new three-dimensional coordinate of magnet steel, draw the size of three-D displacement by geometric operation; In a measuring unit based on the Y of the twin shaft Magnetic Sensor of magnetoresistance
AxisAxle, X
AxisAxle is parallel with Y-axis, the X-axis of system coordinate system respectively; Record respectively in the space terrestrial magnetic field along Y
AxisAxle and X
AxisThe magnetic field strength component of axle draws the position angle of two cylindrical measurement unit relative deformations; Measure in conjunction with top displacement size, finish the relative displacement of adjacent measurement and measure, the three-dimensional measurement of the distortion of whole Rock And Soil from underground to the earth's surface is in like manner finished thus in other unit.
Two, a kind of ground bottom offset three-dimensional measuring apparatus based on Hall and magnetoresistance:
The present invention includes integrated type sensor and information process unit forms; A plurality of cylindrical measurements unit of integrated type sensor is embedded four panels all, and four panels have respectively Hall sensor array, twin shaft Magnetic Sensor and metering circuit, screen layer and cylindrical magnet steel from top to bottom; Hall element is selected SS94A1
,The central point of its potsherd is experienced magnetic induction density, and the potsherd central point A of three Hall elements, B, C consist of three summits of an equilateral triangle; Gather the output of Hall element and twin shaft Magnetic Sensor, and send into 485 buses; The center of equilateral triangle, twin shaft Magnetic Sensor and magnet steel is all on the axis of cylindrical measurement unit; Three circular printed circuit board panels and a screen layer panel are all packed in the PVC plastic tube, and sealant pouring and sealing; Each measuring unit strings up and down by power lead and 485 buses, by 485 buses the data of each measuring unit is delivered to information process unit, by the GSM/GPRS module data is mail to long-range host computer by MCU again, monitoring ground bottom offset situation.
The beneficial effect that the present invention has is:
The present invention enters the integrated type sensor straight cutting in the rock stratum, and its output signal is by information process unit collection and processing.Set up three-dimensional system of coordinate, the position angle that utilizes the twin shaft Magnetic Sensor of geodetic magnetic to measure coordinate axis; Utilize Hall sensor array to measure the D coordinates value of magnet steel; The soil layer distortion is so that the new D coordinates value of magnet steel is measured in adjacent measurement generation relative displacement.The relative displacement that three values are finished adjacent measurement by geometric operation is measured, and other measuring units are in like manner finished the three-dimensional measurement of the distortion of whole Rock And Soil from underground to ground surface thus, measures when having realized three-D displacement amount and sense of displacement.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is single measuring unit structural drawing.
Fig. 2 is Hall element calibration experiment sketch.
Fig. 3 is two measuring unit structural drawing.
Fig. 4 is two measuring unit structural drawing after the generation relative displacement.
Fig. 5 is panel S
21Vertical view.
Fig. 6 is measurement mechanism system three-dimensional system of coordinate synoptic diagram.
Fig. 7 is the vertical view of measurement mechanism system three-dimensional system of coordinate.
Fig. 8 is that three contour surfaces intersect synoptic diagram in the space.
Fig. 9 is that sense of displacement is measured diagram.
Figure 10 is ground bottom offset three-dimensional measuring apparatus structural drawing.
Figure 11 is the metering circuit block diagram.
Among the figure: 1, metering circuit, 2, cylindrical permanent-magnet steel, 3, Hall element, 5, the first measuring unit, 6, the second measuring unit, 8, the Hall element potsherd, the upper surface of the 9, second measuring unit, 11, first contour surface, 12, second contour surface, 13, the 3rd contour surfaces, the intersection point of 14, three contour surfaces, 15, contour surface intersection, 16, power lead and 485 buses, 17, integrated type sensor, 18, each identical measuring unit, 19, information process unit, 20, host computer.
Embodiment
The invention will be further described below in conjunction with drawings and Examples.
1, measure the mechanism of three-D displacement based on Hall and magnetoresistance:
As shown in Figure 2, Hall element is demarcated.Fixedly Hall element 3, level, move up and down magnet steel 2.Gather the Hall element output voltage, and carry out three-dimensional drawing with MATLAB, obtain the Hall element output voltage about the distribution plan of X-axis and Z axis.Can draw thus the isoline of Hall element output voltage.Because the magnetic field around the cylindrical permanent-magnet steel is symmetrical about its axis, broken line can be revolved around Z axis and turn around, and obtains a three-dimensional contour surface.Similarly, can draw any a plurality of contour surface, when magnet steel when a contour surface moves, the magnitude of voltage of Hall element output is constant.
With reference to accompanying drawing 3, shown in Figure 4,5 and 6 are respectively first, second two adjacent measuring units among the figure.The panel S of the first measuring unit
4There is a neodymium-iron-boron cylindrical form permanent-magnet steel 2 at the center.The panel S of the second measuring unit 6
1Be h apart from its upper surface
1(13.5mm).Three Hall elements are equilateral triangle and are distributed in panel S
1On.The panel S of the second measuring unit
2There is a twin shaft Magnetic Sensor N at the center.The panel S of the first measuring unit
4With the upper surface of the second measuring unit 6 at a distance of h
0The central point of Hall element potsherd can be experienced magnetic induction density, can see in Fig. 5, and central point A, the B of three Hall element potsherds, C consist of three summits of an equilateral triangle.Wherein 3 is Hall element, and 8 is the Hall element potsherd.Set up the three-dimensional cartesian coordinate system of measurement mechanism system as shown in Figure 6,9 is the upper surface of the second measuring unit, and N is the twin shaft Magnetic Sensor.Central point A, the B of three Hall element potsherds, C are projected as A on the second measuring unit upper surface
0, B
0, C
0With B
0Point is the initial point of three-dimensional cartesian coordinate system, and X-axis is along line segment B
0C
0Level to the right, Y-axis is with being in the second measuring unit upper surface and perpendicular to X-axis, the vertical XY of Z axis plane upwards.The Y of twin shaft Magnetic Sensor
AxisAxle, X
AxisAxle is parallel with Y-axis, the X-axis of system coordinate system respectively.The vertical view of the three-dimensional cartesian coordinate system of measurement mechanism system as shown in Figure 7,9 is the second measuring unit upper surface.When the actual installation integrated type sensor, the position of adjusting the second measuring unit 6 is so that the Y of the twin shaft Magnetic Sensor N on the second measuring unit 6
AxisAxle points to positive north, and this moment, the Y-axis of system coordinate system was also pointed to positive north.
For the magnet steel M of the first measuring unit 5, be three magnitudes of voltage of three Hall element output that equilateral triangle distributes in the second measuring unit 6, respectively corresponding three contour surfaces.Three contour surfaces meet in the space a bit, and as shown in Figure 8, this point is exactly the central point of cylindrical permanent-magnet steel lower surface.11 is first contour surface, and 12 is second contour surface, and 13 is the 3rd contour surface, and 14 is three contour surface intersection points, and 15 is a contour surface intersection.Based on accompanying drawing 2 described calibration experiments, can draw the mathematical model of three contour surfaces, calculate thus the three-dimensional coordinate (x of a certain moment magnet steel M
1, y
1, z
1).When underground Rock And Soil deforms, the relative position that promotes between the first measuring unit 5 and the second measuring unit 6 changes, and as shown in Figure 8, can measure the new three-dimensional coordinate (x of magnet steel
2, y
2, z
2).The large I of displacement is calculated by formula (1).
For the measurement of sense of displacement, can not consider the Z axis coordinate, as shown in Figure 9.The J point coordinate is (x among the figure
1, y
1), the K point coordinate is (x
2, y
2).The simplest situation be the rock stratum when changing the Y-axis of the second measuring unit 6 point to all the time positive north, the position angle of displacement this moment is:
If the second measuring unit 6 rotates motion in the rock deformation process, this just so that the Y-axis of the second measuring unit 6 have angle beta deflection, β can be measured by the twin shaft Magnetic Sensor.Suppose that the three-dimensional coordinate of magnet steel before and after rock deformation that measuring system records remains (x
1, y
1, z
1) and (x
2, y
2, z
2), then in fact the deflection of displacement is (β+α).
2, bottom offset three-dimensional measuring apparatus:
With reference to shown in Figure 10, ground bottom offset three-dimensional measuring apparatus is comprised of integrated type sensor 17 and information process unit 19, and integrated type sensor is comprised of a plurality of identical measuring units 18.Shown in accompanying drawing 1, embedded four panels of measuring unit, four panel S
1, S
2, S
3, S
4Upper have respectively Hall sensor array, twin shaft Magnetic Sensor N and metering circuit 1, screen layer, a cylindrical permanent-magnet steel M.Hall element is selected SS94A1
,The central point of its potsherd can be experienced magnetic induction density.The potsherd central point A of three Hall elements, B, C consist of three summits of an equilateral triangle, and length of side L is 12mm.Twin shaft Magnetic Sensor N selects MMC212xMG.Metering circuit 1 can gather the output of each sensor, and sends into 485 buses.Screen layer is used for eliminating magnet steel to the interference of twin shaft Magnetic Sensor and Hall element; Cylindrical permanent-magnet steel M is the neodymium iron boron material, and Ф 5 * h18(mm).Panel S
1With upper surface, cylindrical measurement unit at a distance of h
1(13.5mm).The center of equilateral triangle, twin shaft Magnetic Sensor and magnet steel is all on the axis of cylindrical measurement unit.Three circular printed circuit board panels and a screen layer panel are all packed in the heavy wall PVC plastic tube, and sealant pouring and sealing.Shown in accompanying drawing 10, each measuring unit strings up and down by power lead and 485 buses 16.By 485 buses the data of each measuring unit are delivered to information process unit 19, by the GSM/GPRS module data are mail to long-range host computer 20 by MCU again, monitoring ground bottom offset situation.
Metering circuit in each measuring unit as shown in figure 11.The output voltage of Hall element is gathered by A/D convertor circuit AD7706 module, and arrives the MSP430 microprocessor through the SPI communications.The temperature of measurement mechanism environment of living in is gathered by the AD7416 module, is used for temperature compensation, revises measured value.Twin shaft Magnetic Sensor and temperature sensor output valve are by I
2The C communications is to MSP430.Every value that MSP430 will collect is passed to information process unit by 485 communications.
Claims (3)
1. ground bottom offset method for three-dimensional measurement based on Hall and magnetoresistance, it is characterized in that: integrated type sensor is formed by power lead and connection serial connection by a plurality of cylindrical measurements unit, the upper and lower surface of adjacent cells is parallel to each other, and each unit is embedded panel S all
1, S
2, S
3And S
4First panel S
1On be the sensor array that hall effect sensor that equilateral triangle distributes forms by three; Second panel S
2On be that a slice is based on twin shaft Magnetic Sensor and the metering circuit of magnetoresistance; The 3rd panel S
3It is screen layer; The 4th panel S
4On be a cylindrical permanent-magnet steel; The integrated type sensor straight cutting is entered in the Rock And Soil; Magnetic field around the cylindrical permanent-magnet steel is symmetrical about its axis; Hall element is measured the magnetic induction density component along magnet steel axis direction, carries out coordinate conversion and obtains the magnetic induction density identical contour surface face bunch distribution of this component around magnet steel; The contour surface likeness in form is parabolic, and the output valve of Hall element was constant when magnet steel moved along contour surface; For every a pair of up and down two cylindrical measurement unit, under the magnetic fields that the magnet steel of superincumbent measuring unit lower end produces, three magnitudes of voltage of three Hall elements output that are the equilateral triangle distribution of following measuring unit upper end obtain three contour surfaces; Three contour surfaces intersect at a point in the space, and this point coordinate value is exactly the three-dimensional coordinate of magnet steel; Rock And Soil distortion can change up and down the relative position between two cylindrical measurement unit; After obtaining the new three-dimensional coordinate of magnet steel, draw the size of three-D displacement by geometric operation; In a measuring unit based on the Y of the twin shaft Magnetic Sensor of magnetoresistance
AxisAxle, X
AxisAxle is parallel with Y-axis, the X-axis of system coordinate system respectively; Record respectively in the space terrestrial magnetic field along Y
AxisAxle and X
AxisThe magnetic field strength component of axle draws the position angle of two cylindrical measurement unit relative deformations; Measure in conjunction with top displacement size, finish the relative displacement of adjacent measurement and measure, the three-dimensional measurement of the distortion of whole Rock And Soil from underground to the earth's surface is in like manner finished thus in other unit.
2. a kind of ground bottom offset three-dimensional measuring apparatus based on Hall and magnetoresistance of described method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: comprise that integrated type sensor and information process unit form; A plurality of cylindrical measurements unit of integrated type sensor is embedded four panels all, and four panels have respectively Hall sensor array, twin shaft Magnetic Sensor and metering circuit, screen layer and cylindrical magnet steel from top to bottom; Hall element is selected SS94A1
,The central point of its potsherd is experienced magnetic induction density, and the potsherd central point A of three Hall elements, B, C consist of three summits of an equilateral triangle; Gather the output of Hall element and twin shaft Magnetic Sensor, and send into 485 buses; The center of equilateral triangle, twin shaft Magnetic Sensor and magnet steel is all on the axis of cylindrical measurement unit; Three circular printed circuit board panels and a screen layer panel are all packed in the PVC plastic tube, and sealant pouring and sealing; Each measuring unit strings up and down by power lead and 485 buses, by 485 buses the data of each measuring unit is delivered to information process unit, by the GSM/GPRS module data is mail to long-range host computer by MCU again, monitoring ground bottom offset situation.
3. a kind of ground bottom offset three-dimensional measuring apparatus based on Hall and magnetoresistance according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: described twin shaft Magnetic Sensor is selected MMC212xMG.
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Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103411527A (en) * | 2013-08-11 | 2013-11-27 | 三峡大学 | Magnetic positioning based online monitoring method of achieving of landslide deep layer displacement measurement |
| CN105180795A (en) * | 2015-10-09 | 2015-12-23 | 中国计量学院 | Rock and soil mass deformation measurement method and instrument system based on deviation survey and Hall effect |
| CN106290764A (en) * | 2016-08-12 | 2017-01-04 | 厦门海控自动化系统工程有限公司 | A kind of circuit board of water monitor |
| CN109459100A (en) * | 2018-12-19 | 2019-03-12 | 重庆前卫克罗姆表业有限责任公司 | A kind of signal generation apparatus and magnetic strength device tolerance flowmeter |
| CN110940264A (en) * | 2019-11-29 | 2020-03-31 | 成都理工大学 | Landslide deep displacement monitoring device and method based on low-frequency magnetic induction communication |
| CN112097633A (en) * | 2020-09-08 | 2020-12-18 | 中国计量大学 | Underground three-dimensional displacement measurement system and method based on double-mutual-inductance equivalent voltage |
| CN112748385A (en) * | 2020-12-29 | 2021-05-04 | 山东省科学院海洋仪器仪表研究所 | Calibration device and method for bivalve aquatic organism behavior monitoring sensing probe |
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Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103411527A (en) * | 2013-08-11 | 2013-11-27 | 三峡大学 | Magnetic positioning based online monitoring method of achieving of landslide deep layer displacement measurement |
| CN103411527B (en) * | 2013-08-11 | 2015-11-04 | 三峡大学 | A kind of on-line monitoring method realizing landslide deep soil movement measurement based on magnetic orientation |
| CN105180795A (en) * | 2015-10-09 | 2015-12-23 | 中国计量学院 | Rock and soil mass deformation measurement method and instrument system based on deviation survey and Hall effect |
| CN106290764A (en) * | 2016-08-12 | 2017-01-04 | 厦门海控自动化系统工程有限公司 | A kind of circuit board of water monitor |
| CN109459100A (en) * | 2018-12-19 | 2019-03-12 | 重庆前卫克罗姆表业有限责任公司 | A kind of signal generation apparatus and magnetic strength device tolerance flowmeter |
| CN110940264A (en) * | 2019-11-29 | 2020-03-31 | 成都理工大学 | Landslide deep displacement monitoring device and method based on low-frequency magnetic induction communication |
| CN110940264B (en) * | 2019-11-29 | 2021-04-27 | 成都理工大学 | Landslide deep displacement monitoring device and method based on low-frequency magnetic induction communication |
| CN112097633A (en) * | 2020-09-08 | 2020-12-18 | 中国计量大学 | Underground three-dimensional displacement measurement system and method based on double-mutual-inductance equivalent voltage |
| WO2022053073A1 (en) * | 2020-09-08 | 2022-03-17 | 中国计量大学 | Underground three-dimensional displacement measurement system and method based on double mutual inductance equivalent voltage |
| CN112748385A (en) * | 2020-12-29 | 2021-05-04 | 山东省科学院海洋仪器仪表研究所 | Calibration device and method for bivalve aquatic organism behavior monitoring sensing probe |
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Address after: 310018 Xueyuan Street, Jianggan Economic Development Zone, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province Patentee after: China Jiliang University Address before: 310018 Xueyuan Street, Jianggan Economic Development Zone, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province Patentee before: China Jiliang University |