CN104055822B - Qamgur thioglucose glucoside extract and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Qamgur thioglucose glucoside extract and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Extraction and preparing technical field the present invention relates to Qamgur are a kind of Qamgur thioglucose glucoside extracts and preparation method thereof;The Qamgur thioglucose glucoside extract, which is pressed, to be stated preparation method and obtains:The first step, vacuum drying obtains dry Qamgur after raw material Qamgur is cleaned crushing, it is based on 80% to 100% methanol aqueous solution by the percent by volume of 7 milliliters to 11 milliliters of addition in 1 gram of dry Qamgur, methanol aqueous solution is added in into dry Qamgur, water bath with thermostatic control is once extracted for 0.5 hour to 1.5 hours at being 80 DEG C in temperature, and an extracting solution and a residue are obtained after primary extraction separation.The average content of glucosinolate improves a lot in the more existing Qamgur extract of the average content of glucosinolate in Qamgur thioglucose glucoside extract of the present invention, illustrate that the yield of glucosinolate in the present invention is high, so as to improve extraction efficiency, it can more meet the requirement of existing industrialized production.
Description
Technical field
Extraction and preparing technical field the present invention relates to Qamgur, be a kind of Qamgur thioglucose glucoside extract and
Preparation method.
Background technology
Qamgur, scientific name are turnip(Brassica rapaL.), Uighur is referred to as " Qamgur " (transliteration);According to《In
The encyclopaedical vegetables volume of state's agricultural》It introduces, turnip originates from one band of Mediterranean and the Central Asia, is Cruciferae Brassica genus rape
Turnip subspecies under kind, Middle Ages are in the Egyptian and existing cultivation in Europe.Glucosinolate(GS), especially aromatic series GS
(gluconasturtiin).The hydrolysate phenethyl isothiocyanate of gluconasturtiin(Phenethl
Isothiocyanate, PEITC)Had shown that by many researchs, have special inhibition cause 4- methyl nitrosamine in lung neoplasm substance-
1-(3- pyridines)- 1- butanone(NNK)Effect, there is the bioactivity of potential anti-lung cancer, gastric cancer, cancer of the esophagus etc..In
Medicine thinks " integration of drinking and medicinal herbs ", is described in classical Chinese medicine works there are many food plant, they are nontoxic and auxiliary can be used as swollen
The preferable research object of knurl treatment.Qamgur is as a kind of traditional medical and edible dual purpose plant, containing there are many beneficial element of human body,
The glucosinolate in Qamgur has been obtained adequately testing and proved as effective anticancer component simultaneously.It is existing to commonly use proper agate
Ancient sulphur glycoside compound extraction separation method(The such as Wang Jing northwests pharmaceutical journal, 2013,28(3), 237-239,)《Xinjiang is overgrown with weeds
The optimization of glucosinolate extracting factor in cyanines》In disclose using the sulphur glycoside in boiling water refluxing extraction Qamgur
Object is closed, but there are glucosinolate yield is low for this method, it is impossible to meet the requirement of existing industrialized production.
Invention content
The present invention provides a kind of Qamgur thioglucose glucoside extracts and preparation method thereof, overcome above-mentioned existing skill
The deficiency of art it is low effectively to solve the existing glucosinolate yield extracted from Qamgur, it is impossible to meet existing industry
The problem of changing production requirement.
One of technical scheme of the present invention is realized by following measures:A kind of Qamgur glucosinolate extraction
Object obtains as follows:Raw material Qamgur is cleaned vacuum drying after crushing and obtains dry Qamgur by the first step, dry proper by 1 gram
The methanol aqueous solution meter that the percent by volume that 7 milliliters to 11 milliliters are added in agate Gu is 80% to 100%, adds in into dry Qamgur
Methanol aqueous solution is once extracted for 0.5 hour to 1.5 hours in temperature for water bath with thermostatic control at 80 DEG C, after primary extraction detaches
Obtain an extracting solution and a residue;Second step adds in and the isometric volume basis of the first step in a residue
Than the methanol aqueous solution for 80% to 100%, 0.5 hour to 1.5 hours progress second extraction of water bath with thermostatic control at being 80 DEG C in temperature,
Secondary raffinate and secondary retained object are obtained after second extraction separation;Third walks, and an extracting solution and secondary raffinate are mixed
After obtain mixed extract, in mixed extract add in 1/10 to 1/8 volume of mixed extract barium acetate aqueous solution and mix
Uniform, a concentration of 0.4 mol/L of barium acetate aqueous solution is closed, then standing 30min to 50min is centrifuged in centrifuge
After 10min to 20min, supernatant is collected;4th step, supernatant obtain solid powder after filter membrane, concentrate drying, as proper agate
Ancient thioglucose glucoside extract.
Here is the further optimization and/or improvements to one of foregoing invention technical solution:
In the above-mentioned first step, raw material Qamgur is crushed to grain size as 50 mesh to 10 mesh, it is then that the raw material after crushing is proper
Ma Gu is placed on that temperature is 40 DEG C to 70 DEG C, that pressure for -0.06Mpa to vacuum drying under -0.09Mpa obtains quality percentage is aqueous
Rate is less than or equal to 20% dry Qamgur.
The rotating speed of above-mentioned centrifuge is 3000rpm to 5000rpm.
The aperture of above-mentioned filter membrane is 0.45 μm.
In above-mentioned 4th step, it is concentrated and dried temperature and is carried for 50 DEG C to 70 DEG C, concentrate drying to Qamgur glucosinolate
Quality percentage moisture content in object is taken to be less than or equal to 8%.
Technical scheme of the present invention second is that being realized by following measures:A kind of Qamgur glucosinolate extraction
The preparation method of object carries out as follows:Raw material Qamgur is cleaned vacuum drying after crushing and obtains doing proper agate by the first step
Gu is Xiang Gan based on 80% to 100% methanol aqueous solution by the percent by volume of 7 milliliters to 11 milliliters of addition in 1 gram of dry Qamgur
Methanol aqueous solution is added in Qamgur, is once extracted within 0.5 hour to 1.5 hours for water bath with thermostatic control at 80 DEG C in temperature, one
An extracting solution and a residue are obtained after secondary extraction separation;Second step, the bodies such as addition and the first step in a residue
Long-pending percent by volume is 80% to 100% methanol aqueous solution, water bath with thermostatic control 0.5 hour to 1.5 hours at being 80 DEG C in temperature
Second extraction is carried out, secondary raffinate and secondary retained object are obtained after second extraction separation;Third walks, by an extracting solution and two
Mixed extract is obtained after secondary extracting solution mixing, the acetic acid of 1/10 to 1/8 volume of mixed extract is added in mixed extract
Barium aqueous solution is simultaneously uniformly mixed, a concentration of 0.4 mol/L of barium acetate aqueous solution, is stood 30min to 50min, is then being centrifuged
After centrifuging 10min to 20min in machine, supernatant is collected;4th step, supernatant obtain solid powder after filter membrane, concentrate drying,
As Qamgur thioglucose glucoside extract.
Here is two further optimization and/or improvements to foregoing invention technical solution:
In the above-mentioned first step, raw material Qamgur is crushed to grain size as 50 mesh to 10 mesh, it is then that the raw material after crushing is proper
Ma Gu is placed on that temperature is 40 DEG C to 70 DEG C, that pressure for -0.06Mpa to vacuum drying under -0.09Mpa obtains quality percentage is aqueous
Rate is less than or equal to 20% dry Qamgur.
The rotating speed of above-mentioned centrifuge is 3000rpm to 5000rpm.
The aperture of above-mentioned filter membrane is 0.45 μm.
In above-mentioned 4th step, it is concentrated and dried temperature and is carried for 50 DEG C to 70 DEG C, concentrate drying to Qamgur glucosinolate
Quality percentage moisture content in object is taken to be less than or equal to 8%.
The more existing Qamgur of average content of glucosinolate carries in Qamgur thioglucose glucoside extract of the present invention
The average content of glucosinolate in object is taken to improve a lot, illustrates that the yield of glucosinolate in the present invention is high, so as to
Extraction efficiency is improved, can more meet the requirement of existing industrialized production.
Description of the drawings
The influence curve figure that attached drawing 1 extracts glucosinolate in Qamgur for methanol aqueous solution concentration in the present invention.
The influence curve figure that attached drawing 2 extracts glucosinolate in Qamgur for methanol aqueous solution dosage in the present invention.
The influence curve figure that attached drawing 3 extracts glucosinolate in Qamgur for extraction time in the present invention.
The influence curve figure that attached drawing 4 extracts glucosinolate in Qamgur for extraction time in the present invention.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is not limited by following embodiments, can be determined according to the technique and scheme of the present invention with actual conditions specific
Embodiment.Methanol aqueous solution concentration cited below is all concentration of volume percent;Methanol aqueous solution dosage is all by 1 gram
The methanol aqueous solution amount added in dry Qamgur, the unit of methanol aqueous solution amount is milliliter.
Embodiment 1, the Qamgur thioglucose glucoside extract, is obtained by following preparation methods:The first step, raw material is proper
Vacuum drying obtains dry Qamgur after Ma Gu cleans crushing, by the volume basis that 7 milliliters to 11 milliliters are added in 1 gram of dry Qamgur
Than the methanol aqueous solution meter for 80% to 100%, methanol aqueous solution is added in into dry Qamgur, water bath with thermostatic control at being 80 DEG C in temperature
It is once extracted within 0.5 hour to 1.5 hours, an extracting solution and a residue is obtained after primary extraction separation;Second step,
It is added in a residue and the isometric percent by volume of the first step is 80% to 100% methanol aqueous solution, be in temperature
Water bath with thermostatic control 0.5 hour to 1.5 hours carries out second extraction at 80 DEG C, and secondary raffinate and secondary is obtained after second extraction separation
Residue;Third walks, and obtains mixed extract after an extracting solution and secondary raffinate are mixed, is added in mixed extract
The barium acetate aqueous solution of 1/10 to 1/8 volume of mixed extract is simultaneously uniformly mixed, a concentration of 0.4 mole of barium acetate aqueous solution/
It rises, stands 30min to 50min, after then centrifuging 10min to 20min in centrifuge, collect supernatant;4th step, supernatant
Solid powder, as Qamgur thioglucose glucoside extract are obtained after filter membrane, concentrate drying.
Embodiment 2, the Qamgur thioglucose glucoside extract, is obtained by following preparation methods:The first step, raw material is proper
Vacuum drying obtains dry Qamgur after Ma Gu cleans crushing, by the volume basis that 7 milliliters or 11 milliliters are added in 1 gram of dry Qamgur
Than the methanol aqueous solution meter for 80% or 100%, methanol aqueous solution is added in into dry Qamgur, water bath with thermostatic control at being 80 DEG C in temperature
It is once extracted within 0.5 hour or 1.5 hours, an extracting solution and a residue is obtained after primary extraction separation;Second step,
It is added in a residue and the isometric percent by volume of the first step is 80% or 100% methanol aqueous solution, be in temperature
Water bath with thermostatic control 0.5 hour or 1.5 hours carries out second extraction at 80 DEG C, and secondary raffinate and secondary is obtained after second extraction separation
Residue;Third walks, and obtains mixed extract after an extracting solution and secondary raffinate are mixed, is added in mixed extract
The barium acetate aqueous solution of 1/10 or 1/8 volume of mixed extract is simultaneously uniformly mixed, a concentration of 0.4 mole of barium acetate aqueous solution/
It rises, stands 30min or 50min, after then centrifuging 10min or 20min in centrifuge, collect supernatant;4th step, supernatant
Solid powder, as Qamgur thioglucose glucoside extract are obtained after filter membrane, concentrate drying.
Raw material Qamgur as the optimization of above-described embodiment, in the first step of embodiment 3, is crushed to grain size by embodiment 3
For 50 mesh to 10 mesh, then by the raw material Qamgur after crushing be placed on temperature be 40 DEG C to 70 DEG C, pressure for -0.06Mpa to -
Vacuum drying obtains the dry Qamgur that quality percentage moisture content is less than or equal to 20% under 0.09Mpa.
Embodiment 4, as the optimization of above-described embodiment, the rotating speed of centrifuge is 3000rpm to 5000rpm in embodiment 4.
Embodiment 5, as the optimization of above-described embodiment, the aperture of filter membrane is 0.45 μm in embodiment 5.
Embodiment 6, as the optimization of above-described embodiment, in the 4th step of embodiment 6, it is 50 DEG C to 70 to be concentrated and dried temperature
DEG C, be concentrated and dried to quality percentage moisture content in Qamgur thioglucose glucoside extract be less than or equal to 8%.
Each technological parameter preferably determines as follows in the above embodiment of the present invention(With thioglucose in the present invention
Glycosides is reference substance, and antinutriment, antinutritional factor third portion is detected according to NY/T 1103.3-2006 genetically modified plants and products thereof edible safety
The assay method of glucosinolate carries out the measure of glucosinolate absorbance):
1st, the investigation of methanol aqueous solution concentration
The single factor exploration of methanol aqueous solution concentration is shown in Table 1, and sulphur is extracted from raw material Qamgur by the conditions in table 1
For glucoside, and measure its glucosinolate absorbance.
Methanol aqueous solution concentration single factor experiment result:As can be seen from Figure 1, the methanol aqueous solution of various concentration is proper to raw material
The recovery rate of glucosinolate has a certain impact in agate Gu, and the extracted amount of glucosinolate is with methanol aqueous solution concentration
Raising and improve, as seen from Figure 1, the concentration of volume percent of methanol aqueous solution carries when being 100% from raw material Qamgur
The glucosinolate content highest taken.
2nd, the investigation of methanol aqueous solution dosage
The single factor exploration of methanol aqueous solution dosage is shown in Table 2, and sulphur is extracted from raw material Qamgur by the conditions in table 2
For glucoside, and measure its glucosinolate absorbance.
Methanol aqueous solution dosage single factor experiment result:As can be seen from Figure 2, the concentration of volume percent of methanol aqueous solution is
100% 1 timing, methanol aqueous solution dosage have a certain impact to the recovery rate of glucosinolate in raw material Qamgur, work as first
Alcohol solution dosage is increased by the content of glucosinolate when adding in 5 milliliters to 7 milliliters of methanol aqueous solution in 1 gram of dry Qamgur
Add it is very fast, by the content of glucosinolate when 7 milliliters to 13 milliliters of methanol aqueous solution is added in 1 gram of dry Qamgur increase compared with
Slowly.
3rd, the investigation of extraction time
The single factor exploration of extraction time is shown in Table 3, and thio grape is extracted from raw material Qamgur by the conditions in table 3
Glucosides, and measure its glucosinolate absorbance.
Extraction time single factor experiment result:Glucosinolate, which is dissolved in Extraction medium, needs the regular hour, when
Between it is too short, glucosinolate dissolving it is insufficient, glucosinolate content is not high.As can be seen from Figure 3, extraction time is small
When 1.0 hours, glucosinolate content extension at any time and increase;Extraction time is more than thio grape after 1.0 hours
Glycosides Contents extension at any time and reduce.Consider influence of the extraction time to glucosinolate structural stability.It is real
The control of border extraction time is more suitable at 1.0 hours.
The investigation of 4 extraction times
The single factor exploration of extraction time is shown in Table 4, and thioglucose is extracted from raw material Qamgur by the conditions of table 4
Glycosides, and measure its glucosinolate absorbance.
Extraction time single factor experiment result:Glucosinolate content is higher in raw material Qamgur, and disposable extraction is not
All glucosinolates may be extracted from raw material Qamgur, extraction time is very few, can cause thioglucose
Glycosides loses, wastage of material, and then increases cost, and extraction time can excessively cause extracting liquid volume excessive, increase concentration step
Burden, therefore select suitable extraction time, it is particularly important to rationally utilizing raw material Qamgur resource, figure 4, it can be seen that
When extraction time is less than 2 times, glucosinolate content is very fast as the increase of extraction time rises, but after 2 times, thio
Glucoside content rises slowly, it follows that extraction time control is advisable at 2 times.
5 orthogonal tests
On the basis of single factor experiment, 3 methanol aqueous solution concentration, methanol aqueous solution dosage and extraction time works are chosen
To investigate factor, each factor respectively takes 3 levels, carries out Orthogonal Experiment and Design L9 (33);Using glucosinolate content as finger
Mark determines to extract the optimal extracting factor of glucosinolate from raw material Qamgur, and verify optimal conditions
Experiment;Orthogonal test factor level table is shown in Table 5;Glucosinolate extraction process orthogonal experiments are shown in Table 6;Thioglucose
Glycosides extraction process the results of analysis of variance is shown in Table 7.
Orthogonal experiments:As known from Table 6, glucosinolate is put down in Qamgur thioglucose glucoside extract of the present invention
Equal content is between 13.90 μm of ol/g to 17.15 μm of ol/g;The influence that 3 factors extract glucosinolate in Qamgur
Size is followed successively by A>B>C, i.e. methanol aqueous solution concentration>Methanol aqueous solution dosage>Extraction time, optimum extraction process are
A1B1C2 is 100% methanol that is, by 11 milliliters of concentration of volume percent are added in 1 gram of dry Qamgur, extracts 2 times, 1.0 is small every time
When.
Show from 7 Analysis of variance of table:The influence of A factors has conspicuousness(P ﹤ 0.05), the equal nothing of influence of B and C factors
Conspicuousness(P ﹥ 0.05), with reference to single factor experiment as a result, considering from big industrial production and energy-saving grade Comprehensives, with
A1B3C3Combination is preferred, i.e., plus 7 milliliters are measured 100% methanol, are extracted 2 times, every time 0.5 hour.
The verification of 6 optimize techniques
It is extracted by above-mentioned optimal extract process, carries out verification test, glucosinolate extraction process verification test
It the results are shown in Table shown in 8.
As can be seen from Table 8, it is extracted by above-mentioned optimal extract process, at optimum conditions, total glucosinolate
Average content is stablized up to 16.09 μm of ol/g, glucosinolate content.
7 conclusions
Orthogonal test show the present invention from raw material Qamgur extract glucosinolate technique in, methanol aqueous solution
Concentration is to influence the most critical factor of glucosinolate recovery rate, is then methanol aqueous solution dosage and extraction time successively.
Experiment obtains, the optimum process condition that glucosinolate extracts in Qamgur of the present invention be methanol aqueous solution dosage be 7 milliliters,
Extraction time is 0.5 hour, extraction time is 2 times.At optimum conditions, total glucosinolate average content is up to 16.09 μ
It is feasible to show that the extracting method is stablized by mol/g.
The average content of glucosinolate in the Qamgur thioglucose glucoside extract obtained according to above-described embodiment
For 13.90 μm of ol/g to 17.15 μm of ol/g;And sulphur in extract in the existing method that glucosinolate is extracted from Qamgur
For glucoside average content for 12.72 μm of ol/g, thioglucose in Qamgur thioglucose glucoside extract of the present invention
The average content of glucosinolate improves a lot in the more existing Qamgur extract of average content of glycosides, illustrates in the present invention
The yield of glucosinolate is high, so as to improve extraction efficiency, can more meet the requirement of existing industrialized production.
More than technical characteristic structure the embodiment of the present invention, with stronger adaptability and implementation result, can be according to reality
Border needs to increase and decrease non-essential technical characteristic, to meet the needs of different situations.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of Qamgur thioglucose glucoside extract, it is characterised in that obtain as follows:The first step, by the proper agate of raw material
Vacuum drying obtains dry Qamgur after ancient clean crushing, is 100% by the percent by volume of 7 milliliters of addition in 1 gram of dry Qamgur
Methanol aqueous solution meter adds in methanol aqueous solution into dry Qamgur, and water bath with thermostatic control progress in 0.5 hour is primary at being 80 DEG C in temperature
Extraction obtains an extracting solution and a residue after primary extraction separation;Second step adds in and first in a residue
The methanol aqueous solution that isometric percent by volume is 100% is walked, water bath with thermostatic control progress in 0.5 hour is secondary at being 80 DEG C in temperature
Extraction obtains secondary raffinate and secondary retained object after second extraction separation;Third walks, by an extracting solution and secondary raffinate
Mixed extract is obtained after mixing, the barium acetate aqueous solution of 1/10 to 1/8 volume of mixed extract is added in mixed extract
And be uniformly mixed, a concentration of 0.4 mol/L of barium acetate aqueous solution, 30min to 50min is stood, is then centrifuged in centrifuge
After 10min to 20min, supernatant is collected;4th step, supernatant obtain solid powder after filter membrane, concentrate drying, as proper agate
Ancient thioglucose glucoside extract.
2. Qamgur thioglucose glucoside extract according to claim 1, it is characterised in that in the first step, raw material is proper
Ma Gu is crushed to grain size as 50 mesh to 10 mesh, and the raw material Qamgur after crushing then is placed on temperature for 40 DEG C to 70 DEG C, pressure
Power obtains dry Qamgur of the quality percentage moisture content less than or equal to 20% for vacuum drying under -0.06Mpa to -0.09Mpa.
3. Qamgur thioglucose glucoside extract according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that the rotating speed of centrifuge is
3000rpm to 5000rpm.
4. the Qamgur thioglucose glucoside extract according to claims 1 or 2 or 3, it is characterised in that the aperture of filter membrane
It is 0.45 μm.
5. the Qamgur thioglucose glucoside extract according to claims 1 or 2 or 3 or 4, it is characterised in that the 4th step
In, concentrate drying temperature is 50 DEG C to 70 DEG C, concentrate drying is aqueous to quality percentage in Qamgur thioglucose glucoside extract
Rate is less than or equal to 8%.
6. a kind of preparation method of Qamgur thioglucose glucoside extract, it is characterised in that carry out as follows:The first step,
Vacuum drying obtains dry Qamgur after raw material Qamgur is cleaned crushing, by the volume basis that 7 milliliters are added in 1 gram of dry Qamgur
Than the methanol aqueous solution meter for 100%, methanol aqueous solution is added in into dry Qamgur, water bath with thermostatic control 0.5 is small at being 80 DEG C in temperature
Shi Jinhang is once extracted, and an extracting solution and a residue are obtained after primary extraction separation;Second step, in a residue
It adds in and the isometric percent by volume of the first step is 100% methanol aqueous solution, water bath with thermostatic control 0.5 is small at being 80 DEG C in temperature
Shi Jinhang second extractions obtain secondary raffinate and secondary retained object after second extraction separation;Third walks, by extracting solution and
Mixed extract is obtained after secondary raffinate mixing, the vinegar of 1/10 to 1/8 volume of mixed extract is added in mixed extract
Sour barium aqueous solution is simultaneously uniformly mixed, a concentration of 0.4 mol/L of barium acetate aqueous solution, stand 30min to 50min, then from
After centrifuging 10min to 20min in scheming, supernatant is collected;4th step, supernatant obtain solid powder after filter membrane, concentrate drying
End, as Qamgur thioglucose glucoside extract.
7. the preparation method of Qamgur thioglucose glucoside extract according to claim 6, it is characterised in that the first step
In, raw material Qamgur is crushed to grain size as 50 mesh to 10 mesh, it is 40 that the raw material Qamgur after crushing then is placed on temperature
It is dry less than or equal to 20% that for -0.06Mpa to vacuum drying under -0.09Mpa quality percentage moisture content is obtained DEG C to 70 DEG C, pressure
Qamgur.
8. the preparation method of the Qamgur thioglucose glucoside extract described according to claim 6 or 7, it is characterised in that centrifugation
The rotating speed of machine is 3000rpm to 5000rpm.
9. the preparation method of the Qamgur thioglucose glucoside extract described according to claim 6 or 7 or 8, it is characterised in that
The aperture of filter membrane is 0.45 μm.
10. the preparation method of the Qamgur thioglucose glucoside extract described according to claim 6 or 7 or 8 or 9, feature
It is in the 4th step, is concentrated and dried temperature as 50 DEG C to 70 DEG C, concentrate drying to matter in Qamgur thioglucose glucoside extract
It measures percentage moisture content and is less than or equal to 8%.
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