CN104052077B - 一种直流输电逆变侧频率控制方法 - Google Patents

一种直流输电逆变侧频率控制方法 Download PDF

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CN104052077B
CN104052077B CN201410321630.9A CN201410321630A CN104052077B CN 104052077 B CN104052077 B CN 104052077B CN 201410321630 A CN201410321630 A CN 201410321630A CN 104052077 B CN104052077 B CN 104052077B
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inverter side
frequency
power
control
controller
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CN104052077A (zh
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赵文强
李林
王永平
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NR Electric Co Ltd
NR Engineering Co Ltd
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NR Engineering Co Ltd
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Priority to EP15815487.2A priority patent/EP3136534A4/en
Priority to BR112016021373-4A priority patent/BR112016021373B1/pt
Priority to RU2016130712A priority patent/RU2661901C1/ru
Priority to PCT/CN2015/071278 priority patent/WO2016000446A1/zh
Priority to MYPI2016703148A priority patent/MY178272A/en
Priority to KR1020187012117A priority patent/KR101972560B1/ko
Priority to KR1020167021787A priority patent/KR20160132818A/ko
Priority to US15/116,877 priority patent/US9768696B2/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/36—Arrangements for transfer of electric power between ac networks via a high-tension dc link
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
    • H02H3/46—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to frequency deviations
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/24—Arrangements for preventing or reducing oscillations of power in networks
    • H02J3/241—The oscillation concerning frequency
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
    • H02J3/46—Controlling of the sharing of output between the generators, converters, or transformers
    • H02J3/48—Controlling the sharing of the in-phase component
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M5/00—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases
    • H02M5/40—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc
    • H02M5/42—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc by static converters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M5/00—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases
    • H02M5/40—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc
    • H02M5/42—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc by static converters
    • H02M5/44—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices to convert the intermediate dc into ac
    • H02M5/443—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices to convert the intermediate dc into ac using devices of a thyratron or thyristor type requiring extinguishing means
    • H02M5/45—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices to convert the intermediate dc into ac using devices of a thyratron or thyristor type requiring extinguishing means using semiconductor devices only
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M5/00—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases
    • H02M5/40—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc
    • H02M5/42—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc by static converters
    • H02M5/44—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices to convert the intermediate dc into ac
    • H02M5/443—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices to convert the intermediate dc into ac using devices of a thyratron or thyristor type requiring extinguishing means
    • H02M5/45—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices to convert the intermediate dc into ac using devices of a thyratron or thyristor type requiring extinguishing means using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M5/451—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices to convert the intermediate dc into ac using devices of a thyratron or thyristor type requiring extinguishing means using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or frequency
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M5/00—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases
    • H02M5/40—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc
    • H02M5/42—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc by static converters
    • H02M5/44—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices to convert the intermediate dc into ac
    • H02M5/453—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices to convert the intermediate dc into ac using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M5/458—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices to convert the intermediate dc into ac using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/66—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output with possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/68—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output with possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/72—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output with possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/75—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output with possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a thyratron or thyristor type requiring extinguishing means
    • H02M7/757—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output with possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a thyratron or thyristor type requiring extinguishing means using semiconductor devices only
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/66—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output with possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/68—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output with possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/72—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output with possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/75—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output with possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a thyratron or thyristor type requiring extinguishing means
    • H02M7/757—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output with possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a thyratron or thyristor type requiring extinguishing means using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M7/7575—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output with possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a thyratron or thyristor type requiring extinguishing means using semiconductor devices only for high voltage direct transmission link
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/66—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output with possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/68—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output with possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/72—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output with possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/75—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output with possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a thyratron or thyristor type requiring extinguishing means
    • H02M7/757—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output with possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a thyratron or thyristor type requiring extinguishing means using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M7/758—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output with possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a thyratron or thyristor type requiring extinguishing means using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output waveform or frequency
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/36—Arrangements for transfer of electric power between ac networks via a high-tension dc link
    • H02J2003/365—Reducing harmonics or oscillations in HVDC
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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    • Y02E60/60—Arrangements for transfer of electric power between AC networks or generators via a high voltage DC link [HVCD]

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Abstract

本发明公开了一种直流输电逆变侧频率控制的实现方法。逆变侧电网频率与额定频率存在的偏差被送往逆变侧频率控制器；逆变侧频率控制器根据不同运行工况采用自适应参数进行调节并输出一个调制量；在站间通信正常时，调制量将通过站间通信使得整流侧和逆变侧形成新的功率\电流指令，从而改变直流输送功率的大小实现对逆变侧频率的控制；在站间通信故障时，逆变侧由定电压控制转变为定电流控制，整流侧由定电流控制转变为定电压控制，频率控制器输出的调制量叠加到逆变侧的功率\电流指令上，调节直流输送功率的大小实现对逆变侧的频率控制。此方法实现了对逆变侧频率快速，高效的调节功能，有效解决了站间通信故障时逆变侧频率控制问题。

Description

一种直流输电逆变侧频率控制方法
技术领域
本发明涉及高压直流输电和特高压直流输电系统一种逆变侧频率控制方法，应用于高压及特高压直流输电领域。
背景技术
频率控制是高压/特高压直流输电系统中的一种稳定控制方法，其利用直流系统的快速可控性，通过调节直流功率，达到改变所连交流系统频率的目的。当与直流系统相连接的交流系统受到扰动时，频率控制功能通过调节直流系统的传输功率使交流系统恢复到稳定。在受端交流电网为弱系统时，频率控制对系统稳定尤为重要。
在常规直流输电系统中，整流侧采用定电流(功率)控制，逆变侧采用定电压或定熄弧角控制。由于整流侧定电流(功率)控制，因此，常规直流里的频率控制器配置在整流侧，逆变侧的频率控制是通过将逆变侧的频率测量值经过站间通信送到整流侧的频率控制器执行。但站间通信的延迟，将给频率控制器带来相位滞后，影响控制精度。当站间通信中断时，逆变侧的频率测量值无法送到整流侧。“CN200510081612.9”提出了在站间通信故障时通过采用调节逆变侧的直流电压来调频的方法，此方法中一方面直流电压的减小会增大无功的损耗，直流电压的增大则会威胁系统安全,甚至引起换相失败,另一方面，直流电压的调节范围有限，调节速度较慢，导致调频能力有限。2008年第9卷《电力设备》中的文献《嵊泗直流系统调频的仿真研究》提出在站间通信故障时利用逆变侧的电流控制功能实现对逆变侧的频率控制，但由于其整流侧仅采用定alpha角控制导致系统直流电压不能调节，致使调频能力不足。
发明内容
本发明的目的：提供一种高压/特高压直流输电逆变侧频率控制的方法，能够实现对逆变侧电网频率快速、高效的控制。
为了达到上述目的，本发明技术方案为：一种直流输电逆变侧频率控制的实现方法，其特征包括以下步骤：
(1)获取频率控制功能状态，若投入则执行步骤(2)，若退出则频率控制结束；
(2)逆变侧电网频率与额定频率存在的偏差被送往逆变侧频率控制器，逆变侧频率控制器根据不同运行工况采用自适应参数进行调节并输出一个调制量△DP；
(3)获取站间通信状态，在站间通信正常时，执行步骤(4)；在站间通信由正常变为故障时，执行步骤(5),(6),(7)；
(4)逆变侧频率控制器输出的调制量△DP通过站间通信使得整流侧和逆变侧形成新的功率\电流指令，整流侧的定功率\电流控制器按照新的功率\电流指令进行调节，从而通过改变直流输送功率的大小实现对逆变侧的频率控制；调制量△DP执行完毕后频率控制功能结束；
(5)逆变侧由定电压控制转变为定电流控制，整流侧由定电流控制转变为定电压控制；
(6)逆变侧的功率指令值被强制更新为当前实测功率值并保持t1毫秒，t1毫秒后运行人员可以根据调度指令自行设置功率指令；逆变侧频率控制器在t2毫秒内被强制输出为零，同时频率积分控制器输出复归为零，t2毫秒后开始正常工作；整流侧频率控制器被强制退出，频率积分控制器输出复归为零；
(7)逆变侧频率控制器输出的调制量△DP叠加到逆变侧的功率\电流指令上，逆变侧的定功率\电流控制器按照新的功率\电流指令进行调节，从而通过改变直流输送功率的大小实现对逆变侧的频率控制；调制量△DP执行完毕后频率控制功能结束。
上述方案中：
t1的取值范围为：0～200ms，t2的取值范围为：0～100ms。
上述方案中：逆变侧频率控制功能在整流侧或逆变侧的任一极在功率/电流升降过程中均将暂时自动退出，升降过程结束后自动投入；逆变侧频率控制功能在直流电流不具备调节能力时，频率控制功能将自动退出，直至直流电流具备调节能力时，频率控制功能自动投入。
上述方案中：逆变侧频率控制器输出的调制量△DP通过站间通信使得整流侧和逆变侧形成新的功率\电流指令是指：当功率\电流指令由整流侧控制生成时，逆变侧频率控制器输出的调制量△DP通过站间通信送至整流侧，叠加到整流侧的功率\电流指令上生成新的功率\电流指令，逆变侧通过站间通信跟随此新的功率\电流指令；当功率\电流指令由逆变侧控制生成时，逆变侧频率控制器输出的调制量△DP直接叠加到逆变侧的功率\电流指令上生成新的功率\电流指令，整流侧通过站间通信跟随此新的功率\电流指令。
上述方案中：逆变侧频率控制器或者整流侧频率控制器工作在控制极，站间通信正常的极优先处于控制极；非控制极跟踪控制极的频率控制器输出；控制极直流电流不具备调节能力，但非控制极直流电流具备调节能力，控制极频率控制功能将不退出，控制极频率控制器产生的调制量将通过极间通信送至非控制极，由非控制极完成功率调节，实现对频率的控制。
上述方案中：非控制极跟踪控制极的频率控制器输出是指非控制极的频率控制器输出一直跟随控制极的频率控制器输出；非控制极用于功率调节的调制量来自于控制极的频率控制器输出。
上述方案中：不同运行工况是指，双极功率控制模式有通信运行在不同功率等级、单极功率控制模式有通信运行在不同功率等级、双极功率控制模式无通信运行在不同功率等级、单极功率控制模式无通信运行在不同功率等级、单极电流控制模式有通信运行在不同功率等级、单极电流控制模式无通信运行在不同功率等级。
上述方案中：逆变侧频率控制器或者整流侧频率控制器的输出基于两极的运行直流电压绝对值的比例原则，并经功率限制环节决定调制功率在两极间的分配。
上述方案中：逆变侧频率控制器包括频率比例控制器和频率积分控制器；频率积分控制器在整流侧或逆变侧的任一极在功率/电流升降过程中均将以系数k1进行积分复归，升降过程结束后积分复归过程停止，其中k1的取值范围为：0～1。
上述方案中：站间通信由正常变为故障是指两个极都在运行，两个极的站间通信均由正常变为故障；或两个极都在运行，仅一极站间通信正常，且这个极站间通信由正常变为故障；或仅一个极运行，且这个极站间通信由正常变为故障。
本发明的有益效果：
1.可以实现对逆变侧的电网频率进行快速，精确的调节，能够满足逆变侧电网在各种工况情况下的安全稳定运行。
2.解决了站间通信故障时逆变侧频率控制的问题，实现了站间通信故障下逆变侧频率快速，高效的调节功能。
3.
附图说明
图1是本发明的逻辑功能流程图。
图2是本发明中逆变侧频率控制整体的逻辑框图。
图3是本发明中逆变侧频率控制器输出功率△DP在两极间的分配逻辑框图。
图4是本发明中站间通信故障判断逻辑框图。
图5是本发明中两站控制策略调整逻辑框图。
具体实施方式
本发明提供一种高压/特高压直流输电逆变侧频率控制的方法，能够实现对逆变侧电网频率快速，高效的控制。下面结合图1所示的逻辑功能流程图，对本发明的技术方案进行详细说明，具体包括如下步骤：
(1)获取运行人员设置的频率控制功能状态，若频率控制功能投入则执行以下步骤(2)，若频率控制功能退出则频率控制结束；
其中以下3方面将影响频率控制功能状态：
A、逆变侧频率控制功能在整流侧或逆变侧的任一极在功率/电流升降过程中均将暂时自动退出，升降完成后自动投入。
B、逆变侧频率控制功能在直流电流不具备调节能力时，频率控制功能将自动退出，直至直流电流具备调节能力时，频率控制功能自动投入。例如联接于弱交流系统的一些直流工程在起极时运行直流电压通常低于额定电压的70％，为了降低换流阀应力，在此运行方式下直流运行电流将限制为最小运行电流，只有运行电压不低于70％时才允许升高运行电流，因此在运行电压低于70％额定电压时，频率控制功能将自动退出，在运行电压不低于70％时，频率控制功能自动投入。
C、控制极直流电流不具备调节能力，但非控制极直流电流具备调节能力，控制极频率控制功能将不退出，控制极频率控制器产生的调制量将通过极间通信送至非控制极，由非控制极完成功率调节，实现对频率的控制。
(2)如图2所示，其中定功率\电流控制器在站间通信正常时为整流侧的定功率\电流控制器，在站间通信故障时则为逆变侧的定功率\电流控制器。测量逆变侧交流电压频率，与额定频率作差后，将偏差输入逆变侧频率控制器，频率控制器根据不同运行工况采用自适应参数进行调节并输出一个调制量△DP。不同运行工况是指：双极功率控制模式有通信运行在不同功率等级；单极功率控制模式有通信运行在不同功率等级；双极功率控制模式无通信运行在不同功率等级；单极功率控制模式无通信运行在不同功率等级；单极电流控制模式有通信运行在不同功率等级；单极电流控制模式无通信运行在不同功率等级。
这里，频率控制器工作在控制极，非控制极跟踪控制极的频率控制器输出。
如图3所示上述频率控制器输出的调制量△DP是基于两极的运行直流电压绝对值的比例原则，并经功率限幅环节决定其在两极间的分配。例如：一极运行直流电压为500kV，一极运行直流电压为400kV，则直流电压为500kV的极所承担的调制量为而直流电压为400kV的极所承担的调制量为
上述非控制极跟踪控制极的频率控制器输出是指非控制极的频率控制器输出一直跟随控制极的频率控制器输出；非控制极用于功率调节的调制量来自于控制极的频率控制器输出。
这里，逆变侧频率控制器包括频率比例控制器和频率积分控制器；逆变侧频率积分控制器在整流侧或逆变侧的任一极在功率/电流升降过程中均将以系数0～1进行积分复归，升降过程结束后积分复归过程停止。
(3)获取站间通信状态，在站间通信正常有效时，执行以下步骤(4)；在站间通信由正常变为故障时，执行以下步骤(5)，(6)；
其中，如图4所示，站间通信由正常变为故障是指：在两个极都在运行，两个极的站间通信均由正常变为故障；或两个极都在运行，仅一极站间通信正常，且这个极站间通信由正常变为故障；或仅一个极运行，且这个极站间通信由正常变为故障。图4中1为选择器，2为选择信号。当2为真时，选择器输出为上输入，当2为假时，选择器输出为下输入。即当极1运行为真时，选择器输出极1站间通信故障，否则选择器输出为真；当极2运行为真时，选择器输出极2站间通信故障，否则输出为真。这里，极1站间通信故障、极2站间通信故障、站间通信故障取值为真，或假。
(4)逆变侧频率控制器输出的调制量△DP通过站间通信使得整流侧和逆变侧形成新的功率\电流指令，整流侧的定功率\电流控制器按照新的功率\电流指令进行调节，从而通过改变直流输送功率的大小实现对逆变侧的频率控制。调制量△DP执行完毕后频率控制完成。
其中，逆变侧频率控制器输出的调制量△DP通过站间通信使得整流侧和逆变侧形成新的功率\电流指令是指：当功率\电流指令由整流侧控制生成时，逆变侧频率控制器输出的调制量△DP通过站间通信送至整流侧，叠加到整流侧的功率\电流指令上生成新的功率\电流指令，逆变侧通过站间通信跟随此新指令；当功率\电流指令由逆变侧控制生成时，逆变侧频率控制器输出的调制量△DP直接叠加到逆变侧的功率\电流指令上生成新的功率\电流指令，整流侧通过站间通信跟随此新指令。
(5)如图5所示，站间通信由正常变为故障时，转变整流侧和逆变侧控制策略，逆变侧由定电压控制转变为定电流控制，整流侧由定电流控制转变为定电压控制。图5中1为选择器，2为选择信号。当2为真时，选择器输出的逆变侧ALPHA指令来自逆变侧定电流控制器，当2为假时，选择器输出的逆变侧ALPHA指令来自逆变侧定电压控制器。
(6)逆变侧的功率指令值被强制更新为当前实测功率值并保持0～200ms，0～200ms后运行人员可以根据调度指令自行设置功率指令。同时整流侧频率控制器被强制退出，频率积分控制器输出复归为0；逆变侧频率控制器在0～100ms内均被强制输出为0，同时频率积分控制器输出复归为0，0～100ms后开始正常工作。
逆变侧频率控制器输出的调制量△DP叠加到逆变侧的功率\电流指令上，逆变侧的定功率\电流控制器按照新的功率\电流指令进行调节，从而通过改变直流输送功率的大小实现对逆变侧的频率控制。调制量△DP执行完毕后频率控制功能完成。

Claims (10)

1.一种直流输电逆变侧频率控制的实现方法，其特征包括以下步骤：
(1)获取频率控制功能状态，若投入则执行步骤(2)，若退出则频率控制结束；
(2)逆变侧电网频率与额定频率存在的偏差被送往逆变侧频率控制器，逆变侧频率控制器根据不同运行工况采用自适应参数进行调节并输出一个调制量△DP；
(3)获取站间通信状态，在站间通信正常时，执行步骤(4)；在站间通信由正常变为故障时，执行步骤(5),(6),(7)；
(4)逆变侧频率控制器输出的调制量△DP通过站间通信使得整流侧和逆变侧形成新的功率\电流指令，整流侧的定功率\电流控制器按照新的功率\电流指令进行调节，从而通过改变直流输送功率的大小实现对逆变侧的频率控制；调制量△DP执行完毕后频率控制功能结束；
(5)逆变侧由定电压控制转变为定电流控制，整流侧由定电流控制转变为定电压控制；
(6)逆变侧的功率指令值被强制更新为当前实测功率值并保持t1毫秒，t1毫秒后运行人员可以根据调度指令自行设置功率指令；逆变侧频率控制器在t2毫秒内被强制输出为零，同时频率积分控制器输出复归为零，t2毫秒后开始正常工作；整流侧频率控制器被强制退出，频率积分控制器输出复归为零；
(7)逆变侧频率控制器输出的调制量△DP叠加到逆变侧的功率\电流指令上，逆变侧的定功率\电流控制器按照新的功率\电流指令进行调节，从而通过改变直流输送功率的大小实现对逆变侧的频率控制；调制量△DP执行完毕后频率控制功能结束。
2.如权利要求1所述的一种直流输电逆变侧频率控制的实现方法，其特征是：
t1的取值范围为：0～200ms，t2的取值范围为：0～100ms。
3.如权利要求1所述的一种直流输电逆变侧频率控制的实现方法，其特征是：
逆变侧频率控制功能在整流侧或逆变侧的任一极在功率/电流升降过程中均将暂时自动退出，升降过程结束后自动投入；逆变侧频率控制功能在直流电流不具备调节能力时，频率控制功能将自动退出，直至直流电流具备调节能力时，频率控制功能自动投入。
4.如权利要求1所述的一种直流输电逆变侧频率控制的实现方法，其特征是：
逆变侧频率控制器输出的调制量△DP通过站间通信使得整流侧和逆变侧形成新的功率\电流指令是指：当功率\电流指令由整流侧控制生成时，逆变侧频率控制器输出的调制量△DP通过站间通信送至整流侧，叠加到整流侧的功率\电流指令上生成新的功率\电流指令，逆变侧通过站间通信跟随此新的功率\电流指令；当功率\电流指令由逆变侧控制生成时，逆变侧频率控制器输出的调制量△DP直接叠加到逆变侧的功率\电流指令上生成新的功率\电流指令，整流侧通过站间通信跟随此新的功率\电流指令。
5.如权利要求1所述的一种直流输电逆变侧频率控制的实现方法，其特征是：
逆变侧频率控制器或者整流侧频率控制器工作在控制极，站间通信正常的极优先处于控制极；非控制极跟踪控制极的频率控制器输出；控制极直流电流不具备调节能力，但非控制极直流电流具备调节能力，控制极频率控制功能将不退出，控制极频率控制器产生的调制量将通过极间通信送至非控制极，由非控制极完成功率调节，实现对频率的控制。
6.如权利要求5所述的一种直流输电逆变侧频率控制的实现方法，其特征是：
非控制极跟踪控制极的频率控制器输出是指非控制极的频率控制器输出一直跟随控制极的频率控制器输出；非控制极用于功率调节的调制量来自于控制极的频率控制器输出。
7.如权利要求1所述的一种直流输电逆变侧频率控制的实现方法，其特征是：
不同运行工况是指，双极功率控制模式有通信运行在不同功率等级、单极功率控制模式有通信运行在不同功率等级、双极功率控制模式无通信运行在不同功率等级、单极功率控制模式无通信运行在不同功率等级、单极电流控制模式有通信运行在不同功率等级、单极电流控制模式无通信运行在不同功率等级。
8.如权利要求1所述的一种直流输电逆变侧频率控制的实现方法，其特征是：
逆变侧频率控制器或者整流侧频率控制器的输出基于两极的运行直流电压绝对值的比例原则，并经功率限制环节决定调制功率在两极间的分配。
9.如权利要求1所述的一种直流输电逆变侧频率控制的实现方法，其特征是：
逆变侧频率控制器包括频率比例控制器和频率积分控制器；频率积分控制器在整流侧或逆变侧的任一极在功率/电流升降过程中均将以系数k1进行积分复归，升降过程结束后积分复归过程停止，其中k1的取值范围为：0～1。
10.如权利要求1所述的一种直流输电逆变侧频率控制的实现方法，其特征是：
站间通信由正常变为故障是指两个极都在运行，两个极的站间通信均由正常变为故障；或两个极都在运行，仅一极站间通信正常，且这个极站间通信由正常变为故障；或仅一个极运行，且这个极站间通信由正常变为故障。
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