CN104048765A - Infrared imaging device based on coding bore diameters - Google Patents
Infrared imaging device based on coding bore diameters Download PDFInfo
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- CN104048765A CN104048765A CN201410258123.5A CN201410258123A CN104048765A CN 104048765 A CN104048765 A CN 104048765A CN 201410258123 A CN201410258123 A CN 201410258123A CN 104048765 A CN104048765 A CN 104048765A
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- imaging device
- photodetector
- coded aperture
- infreared imaging
- infrared
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Abstract
The invention discloses an infrared imaging device based on coding bore diameters. The infrared imaging device comprises a coding bore diameter mask, a light conversion element, a photoelectric detector and an electric signal collecting processor; each bore diameter of the coding bore diameter mask allows infrared rays to reach the photoelectric detector and the remaining parts of the coding bore diameter mask prevent the infrared rays from reaching the photoelectric detector; the light conversion element is arranged between the coding bore diameter mask and the photoelectric detector, so that infrared light is converted into visible light; the photoelectric detector enables the visible light to be converted into electric signals; the electric signals output by the photoelectric detector are collected, processed and output by the electric signal collecting processor. According to the method, a large view field, high spatial resolution and rapid frame frequency are achieved at the same time.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to infrared imagery technique field, relate in particular to a kind of infreared imaging device based on coded aperture.
Background technology
Occurring in nature, temperature is higher than all objects of absolute zero, always at emitting infrared radiation constantly.This infrared radiation is molecule and the atom ceaselessly random motion of meeting under general environment based on any object self, gives off infrared ray simultaneously.The motion Shaoxing opera of object molecule and atom is strong, and the ray energy of radiation is higher, and wavelength is shorter.From macroscopic view, the temperature of object is higher, and infrared energy is higher.Survey and collect these infrared radiations, just can obtain the heat picture that environment temperature distributes.
Infrared imaging system is mainly divided into two large classes from formation method: active infra-red imaging system and passive type infrared imaging system.The former system built-in infrared light source, utilizes different objects to reflect imaging to the difference of infrared radiation.The latter is that the infrared radiation that utilizes object naturally to launch carrys out imaging.Infreared imaging device based on coded aperture of the present invention belongs to passive type infrared imaging system, i.e. infra-red thermal imaging system.
The principle of infrared thermal imaging is the temperature profile information that infrared ray that object radiation goes out is loaded with object, and this information can be used for differentiating the temperature height of various measured targets, and obtains the heat distribution field of environment.Therefore by photovoltaic infrared detector, the power signal of object heating position radiation is converted to after electric signal, the locus that imaging device just can simulate body surface temperature correspondingly distributes, finally by system processing, form heat picture vision signal, reach on display screen, just obtain the thermography corresponding with body surface heat distribution, i.e. thermal-induced imagery.
In addition, coded aperture imaging is a kind of known imaging technique, is mainly used in radioactive ray imaging field, as X ray and gamma-rays imaging.Coded aperture imaging has been utilized the principle similar with pinhole imaging system, what just coded aperture imaging was used is array of apertures but not single small-bore.Each aperture on array of apertures lists the image projection of scene to detector array, the pattern that therefore detector array place obtains is a series of overlapping images.Can be obtained by this overlapping image the image of original scene through mathematics manipulation.The process need of image reconstruction uses the knowledge of coded aperture array.The convolution that the signal that coded aperture imaging system detector array place obtains can be described to the coding function of encoding array and the intensity distribution function of scene adds certain noise.Therefore, can restoration scenario image by the deconvoluting of projection superimposed images that detector array is obtained.
In prior art, traditional infra-red thermal imaging system is mainly made up of four parts: opticator, infrared eye part, electronic signal process part and image processes and displays part.The groundwork principle of system is: the infrared radiation of test environment receives via optical system, spectral filtering wherein projects to infrared energy distribution pattern on each photosensitive unit of the infrared detector array on focal plane, infrared eye is the receiver of infrared energy, conventional material is mercury cadmium telluride (HgCdTe), it becomes electric signal by opto-electronic conversion effect by the infrared energy of reception.Export required amplifying signal by detector biasing and the input circuit of preposition amplification again, and be transferred to sensing circuit.Electronic signal process part comprises: preposition amplification, main put, automatic gain control, limiting bandwidth, detection, amplitude discrimination, multipath transmission and linear transformation.Sensing circuit is carried out signal integration, transmission, processing and the scanning output of dense linear array or area IR focus plane array, and carries out analog to digital conversion, finally sends into the processing of computer graphics picture.
Due to the thermal imagery distribution signal of the infrared radiation of measured target object each several part very a little less than, lack that level of visible images and stereoscopic sensation, thus need carry out the control of some brightness of image and contrast, actual correction with colour such as describes at the processing.Treated signal is sent to the vision signal that vision signal forming section is carried out D/A conversion and formed standard, finally shows the Infrared Thermogram of measured target by TV screen or monitor.
The optical system of traditional infra-red thermal imaging system adopts lens combination to realize the function of converging beam and spectral filtering.Optical system comprises objective system (lens) and auxiliary optics (field lens, light cone, relay optical system etc.).Adopt the infrared imaging system of optical lens with respect to adopting the problems such as the Visible imaging system of optical lens has clear aperature and relative aperture is large, and service band is wide, aberration correction difficulty.In addition, due to the size restrictions of lens combination, need to adopt the method for optical mechaical scanning to cover total visual field in order to obtain large-scale ambient image.Common optical mechaical scanning parts have swinging plane mirror, rotary reflection mirror drum, rotation refracting prisms, rotation refraction optical mode etc.They become conventional several scanning mechanisms alone or in combination.According to the arrangement mode of multiunit detector and with the cooperation situation of optical mechaical scanning, imaging system can be subdivided into again to string and sweep type and sweep type, go here and there and sweep three kinds, type.By the system of scanning, infra-red thermal imaging system can be divided into " optical mechaical scanning ", " electric scanning " (solid-state self-scanning and electron beam scanning all belong to electric scanning) and " optical mechaical scanning+electric scanning " three types.
The schematic diagram of a kind of optical mechaical scanning infreared imaging device of prior art is as Fig. 1, and this infreared imaging device comprises object lens 3, oscillatory scanning mirror 4, detector array 6, sensing circuit 7 and video signal preprocessor 8.The optical mechaical scanning imaging device of prior art, can be by the Y shape thing 2 on object plane 1, through object lens 3 and oscillatory scanning mirror 4, and imaging on detector array 6, through sensing circuit 7, synthetic image signal and being processed by video signal preprocessor 8.
As known from the above, existing infra-red thermal imaging system adopts optical system to receive infrared radiation, is difficult to realize high sensitivity, large visual field, high spatial resolution and fast frame frequency simultaneously.Have in addition aberration correction difficulty, lens sizes such as can not do very greatly at the problem;
And the cost of the infrared imaging system of prior art often mainly determines by infrared focal plane array, infrared eye is expensive.Use refrigerated infrared detector in order to obtain good image in addition, generally need to remain on low temperature (being generally 77K), the existence of refrigeration machine makes systems bulky heaviness.
Based on above-mentioned, need to develop one can integrated prior art advantage, can overcome again the infreared imaging device of traditional infrared imaging system shortcoming.
Summary of the invention
For problems of the prior art, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of low cost and low complex degree image device in conjunction with the infreared imaging device based on coded aperture forming.
For achieving the above object, technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:
Based on an infreared imaging device for coded aperture, comprise coded aperture mask, light conversion element, photodetector and electronic signal Acquisition Processor;
Described coded aperture mask, its each aperture allows infrared ray to arrive described photodetector, and the remainder of described coded aperture mask stops that infrared ray arrives described photodetector;
Described light conversion element, is arranged between described coded aperture mask and described photodetector, so that described infrared light is converted to visible ray;
Described photodetector, is converted to electric signal by described visible ray;
Described electronic signal Acquisition Processor, by the electrical signal collection of described photodetector output processing output.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is:
1) infreared imaging device based on coded aperture of the present invention, adopt coded aperture mask to substitute the optical lens system of existing infrared imaging system, there is the unlimited depth of field, do not need to focus on, do not need aberration correction, can obtain heat picture by decoding and rebuilding.
2) infreared imaging device based on coded aperture of the present invention, simple in structure, can select big unit size and high coded number, can realize large visual field and high spatial resolution.
3) infreared imaging device based on coded aperture of the present invention, the photodetector of employing visible-light detector array, can effectively reduce infrared imaging system cost and realize fast frame frequency imaging.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the optical mechaical scanning infreared imaging device schematic diagram of prior art.
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of the infreared imaging device based on coded aperture of the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the system data flow process figure of the infreared imaging device based on coded aperture of the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram of the coded aperture mask of the infreared imaging device based on coded aperture of the embodiment of the present invention.
Embodiment
Following according to the accompanying drawing in the embodiment of the present invention, the technical scheme in the embodiment of the present invention is clearly and completely described, obviously, described embodiment is only the present invention's part embodiment, instead of whole embodiment.Based on embodiments of the invention, those of ordinary skill in the art, not making the every other embodiment obtaining under creative work prerequisite, belong to protection scope of the present invention.
Introduce the infreared imaging device of the embodiment of the present invention below:
As shown in Figure 2, the infreared imaging device of the present embodiment, comprises coded aperture mask 1, up-conversion luminescent material coating 2, photoconduction 3, photodetector 4, electronic signal Acquisition Processor 5 and data processing and display device (not shown).
As shown in Figure 3, the infreared imaging device of the present embodiment, its principle of work is, infrared ray is projected in up-conversion luminescent material coating 2 through coded aperture mask 1, up-conversion coating 2 is converted to visible ray by projecting to its surperficial infrared light, be transferred on photodetector 4 via photoconduction 3, photodetector 4 changes visible light signal electric signal into and outputs to the sensing circuit of electronic signal Acquisition Processor 5, finally output to data processing and display device and realize data processing and image reconstruction, finally obtain thermal-induced imagery.
Data processing and display device, conventionally by computer realization, be connected in the output terminal of electronic signal Acquisition Processor 5.
The infreared imaging device of the present embodiment, selects fixing coded aperture mask.Each aperture using mask as array of apertures allows infrared ray to arrive photodetector 4 from scene by it, or perhaps photodetector array 4.Correspondingly, the remainder of mask stops that infrared ray arrives photodetector array 4.Can the aperture in coded aperture means pass through infrared ray, and does not mean that physics perforate.In addition, coded aperture mask 1, can select 43*41URA coded aperture mask as shown in Figure 4, also can select 59*59URA coded aperture mask.
The optical module size that the infrared imaging system of prior art is used is generally less, therefore can not realize large-size units.But the infreared imaging device of the embodiment of the present invention, while using relatively large coded aperture mask 1, the obvious raising that can't bring technical great difficulty or cost.In addition, for photodetector 4, also can adopt large area array visible-light detector or small size visible-light detector is spliced into large area array.
The effect of up-conversion luminescent material coating 2 is that infrared light is converted to visible ray, and this material is called again anti-Stokes material.So-called anti-Stokes effect refers to the level characteristic that utilizes rare earth ion self, absorbs multiple low-energy long-wave radiations, through multi-photon add and after launch high-octane shortwave radiation a kind of phenomenon.Up-conversion luminescent material is mainly used in the fields such as laser technology, optical fiber communication technology, fibre amplifier, optical information storage and demonstration.The material using for up-conversion luminescent material 2 is for example Yb
3+: Cs
3r
2x
9deng the solid chemical compound of doped rare earth element, it can be converted to visible region by the infrared light of 1.5 microns.In the present invention, up-conversion luminescent material coating 2 can be also the other forms of light conversion element that infrared light is converted to visible ray.
The effect of photoconduction 3 is that the visible ray that up-conversion luminescent material coating 2 is changed converges to photodetector 4 surfaces, and therefore, the area of the plane of incidence of photoconduction 3 is greater than the area of exit facet.In addition, the infreared imaging device of the embodiment of the present invention, also can not use photoconduction 3, and it is on glass directly up-conversion luminescent material coating 2 to be directly plated in to the outside surface of photodetector 4.
For photodetector 4, the detector array technology of visible ray mainly can be selected CMOS (Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor) (CMOS) and charge-coupled image sensor (CCD).Two kinds of technology are all very ripe, and millions of or ten million Pixel-level array is all available, and price is low and stable.Wherein CCD has very high sensitivity and low noise, integrated level very high (pel spacing is less than 2 microns).
For counting rate, the characteristic from the radioactivity such as X ray and gamma-rays coded aperture imaging with low counting rate is different, the infreared imaging device of the embodiment of the present invention, the counting rate that photodetector 4 receives is higher, and therefore imaging system can add up necessarily to count and carry out image reconstruction in the short period of time.The counting that detector array receives can be regarded the stack of many apertures projection as.Scene also can be regarded as and to be made up of a lot of pointolites.Make the light distribution function of O (x, y) expression scene, A (x, y) presentation code aperture function (printing opacity is 1, and light tight is 0), the coded image P (x, y) of record can be expressed as:
P (x, y)=O (x, y) ※ A (x, y)+N (x, y), wherein, ※ is convolution algorithm symbol, the uncorrelated noise that N (x, y) is signal.
The count distribution receiving from photodetector 4 can obtain P (x, y).For the different decoding functions that is arranged with of the different coded aperture of coded aperture mask 1, there is unique decoding function G (x, y) of answering in contrast for fixing coded aperture mask 1, make A (x, y) ※ G (x, y) is δ impulse function.Rebuild image:
O*(x，y)＝P(x，y)※G(x，y)＝O(x，y)※[A(x，y)※G(x，y)]+N(x，y)※G(x，y)＝O(x，y)+N(x，y)※G(x，y)
In sum, the infreared imaging device based on coded aperture of the present invention in conjunction with forming a kind of new infrared imaging system, is realized large visual field, high spatial resolution and fast frame frequency with low cost and low complex degree image device simultaneously.And the infreared imaging device based on coded aperture of the present invention, use coded aperture mask to replace optical element imaging, do not introduce any aberration.
Although described the present invention with reference to several exemplary embodiments, should be appreciated that term used is explanation and exemplary and nonrestrictive term.Because can specifically implementing in a variety of forms, the present invention do not depart from spirit of the present invention or essence, so be to be understood that, above-described embodiment is not limited to any aforesaid details, and explain widely in the spirit and scope that should limit in claims, therefore fall into whole variations in claim or its equivalent scope and remodeling and all should be claims and contain.
Claims (10)
1. the infreared imaging device based on coded aperture, is characterized in that, this infreared imaging device comprises coded aperture mask, light conversion element, photodetector and electronic signal Acquisition Processor;
Described coded aperture mask, its each aperture allows infrared ray to arrive described photodetector, and the remainder of described coded aperture mask stops that infrared ray arrives described photodetector;
Described light conversion element, is arranged between described coded aperture mask and described photodetector, so that described infrared light is converted to visible ray;
Described photodetector, is converted to electric signal by described visible ray;
Described electronic signal Acquisition Processor, by the electrical signal collection of described photodetector output processing output.
2. infreared imaging device according to claim 1, is characterized in that, is provided with the photoconduction for visible ray being focused on to described photodetector surfaces between described light conversion element and described photodetector.
3. infreared imaging device according to claim 2, is characterized in that, described light conversion element is up-conversion luminescent material coating.
4. according to the infreared imaging device described in claim 1 or 3, it is characterized in that, this infreared imaging device also comprises the data processing and the display device that are connected in described electronic signal Acquisition Processor output terminal, so that the signal of described electronic signal Acquisition Processor output is processed and realized image reconstruction.
5. infreared imaging device according to claim 3, is characterized in that, the outside surface that described up-conversion luminescent material coating is plated in described photodetector is on glass.
6. infreared imaging device according to claim 5, is characterized in that, the solid chemical compound that the up-conversion luminescent material of described up-conversion luminescent material coating is doped rare earth element.
7. infreared imaging device according to claim 6, is characterized in that, described up-conversion luminescent material is Yb3+:Cs3R2X9.
8. according to the infreared imaging device described in claim 1 or 7, it is characterized in that, described coded aperture mask is 43*41URA coded aperture mask or 59*59URA coded aperture mask.
9. infreared imaging device according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described photodetector is large area visible-light detector or the large area array visible-light detector that is spliced into by small size visible-light detector.
10. according to the infreared imaging device described in claim 7 or 9, it is characterized in that, described photodetector is CMOS (Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor) photodetector or charge-coupled image sensor photodetector.
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Cited By (5)
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| CN108318911A (en) * | 2018-04-04 | 2018-07-24 | 中国科学院高能物理研究所 | Encoding board |
| CN108801468A (en) * | 2018-07-05 | 2018-11-13 | 南开大学 | A kind of micro-cantilever array optical read-out imaging system and method |
| CN110595624A (en) * | 2019-09-17 | 2019-12-20 | 北京理工大学 | Cross-shaped four-aperture view field partially-overlapped heat-generation-simulating imaging system |
| CN110736548A (en) * | 2019-10-21 | 2020-01-31 | 北京科易达知识产权服务有限公司 | method and device for up-converting infrared image into visible image and up-conversion film preparation method |
| WO2023016453A1 (en) * | 2021-08-09 | 2023-02-16 | 南方科技大学 | Infrared detection chip and infrared detector |
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108318911A (en) * | 2018-04-04 | 2018-07-24 | 中国科学院高能物理研究所 | Encoding board |
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| CN110595624A (en) * | 2019-09-17 | 2019-12-20 | 北京理工大学 | Cross-shaped four-aperture view field partially-overlapped heat-generation-simulating imaging system |
| CN110736548A (en) * | 2019-10-21 | 2020-01-31 | 北京科易达知识产权服务有限公司 | method and device for up-converting infrared image into visible image and up-conversion film preparation method |
| WO2023016453A1 (en) * | 2021-08-09 | 2023-02-16 | 南方科技大学 | Infrared detection chip and infrared detector |
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Application publication date: 20140917 |