CN104040058A - 漫反射器 - Google Patents

漫反射器 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN104040058A
CN104040058A CN201380005280.9A CN201380005280A CN104040058A CN 104040058 A CN104040058 A CN 104040058A CN 201380005280 A CN201380005280 A CN 201380005280A CN 104040058 A CN104040058 A CN 104040058A
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delamination
reflectivity
diffuse reflector
nonwoven sheet
fiber
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R.A.梅林
J.V.米尔维尔德
J.C.约翰斯顿
D.C.阿米斯
P.H.杨
J.W.鲁迪西尔
M.J.O.维登布兰特
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EIDP Inc
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EI Du Pont de Nemours and Co
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N3/00—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof
    • D06N3/04—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof with macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • D06N3/045—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof with macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds with polyolefin or polystyrene (co-)polymers
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/70—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of fibres
    • D04H1/72—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of fibres the fibres being randomly arranged
    • D04H1/724—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of fibres the fibres being randomly arranged forming webs during fibre formation, e.g. flash-spinning
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
    • G02B5/02—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements
    • G02B5/0205—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements characterised by the diffusing properties
    • G02B5/021—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements characterised by the diffusing properties the diffusion taking place at the element's surface, e.g. by means of surface roughening or microprismatic structures
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
    • G02B5/02—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements
    • G02B5/0268—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements characterized by the fabrication or manufacturing method
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
    • G02B5/02—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements
    • G02B5/0273—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements characterized by the use
    • G02B5/0284—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements characterized by the use used in reflection
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
    • Y10T442/20—Coated or impregnated woven, knit, or nonwoven fabric which is not [a] associated with another preformed layer or fiber layer or, [b] with respect to woven and knit, characterized, respectively, by a particular or differential weave or knit, wherein the coating or impregnation is neither a foamed material nor a free metal or alloy layer
    • Y10T442/2582—Coating or impregnation contains an optical bleach or brightener or functions as an optical bleach or brightener [e.g., it masks fabric yellowing, etc.]

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开了具有纤维非织造片材的漫反射器，其中在所述非织造片材中，反射率和脱层选自：至少约97.0％的反射率和至少约1.80.18N/cmkg/m的脱层，至少约96.0％的反射率和至少约5.00.49N/cmkg/m的脱层，以及至少约95.0％的反射率和至少约7.10.70N/cmkg/m的脱层。

Description

漫反射器
背景技术
1.技术领域
本发明涉及用于要求高反射率同时抗片材脱层的产品诸如电视和照明设备的漫反射器，所述漫反射器包括非织造片材。
2.相关领域说明
具有高反射率的非织造片材可用于光反射最终用途。为了结构完整性并防止脱层，必须将非织造片材粘合。然而，粘合工艺降低了反射率。可将涂层施加于粘合的非织造物以增加反射率。
期望具有由非织造片材制成的漫反射器，所述非织造片材具有高反射率同时抗片材脱层，并且不需要涂层。
发明内容
本发明涉及一种漫反射器，所述漫反射器包括纤维非织造片材，其中在所述非织造片材中不具有光学增白剂涂层，所述纤维非织造片材具有约30克/平方米(gsm)至约100gsm的基重，并具有选自下列的反射率和脱层：至少约97.0％的反射率和至少约0.18N/cm的脱层，至少约96.0％的反射率和至少约0.49N/cm的脱层，以及至少约95.0％的反射率和至少约0.70N/cm的脱层。
具体实施方式
术语定义
如本文所用，术语“非织造物”或“纤维网”表示以无规方式定位以形成平面材料而没有如针织物中可辨别的图案的各根纤维或线的结构。
如本文所述，术语“丛丝纤维(plexifilamentary fibers)”表示多个细的、带状、无规长度的膜-原纤元件的三维整体网络或纤维网，并且具有小于约4微米的平均膜厚度以及小于约25微米的中值原纤宽度。如果数学上地转换成圆面积，则平均膜-原纤横截面积将产生介于约1微米和25微米之间的有效直径。在丛丝结构中，膜-原纤元件以不规则的间隔在贯穿该结构的长度、宽度和厚度的多个位置间歇联合并分离以形成连续的三维网络。
如本文所用，术语“聚合物”通常包括但不限于均聚物、共聚物(例如，嵌段、接枝、无规和间规共聚物)、三元共聚物等，以及它们的共混物和修改形式。此外，除非另外具体限定，术语“聚合物”应包括所述材料所有可能的几何构型。这些构型包括但不限于全同立构、间同立构、以及无规对称。
如本文所用，术语“聚烯烃”旨在表示仅由碳和氢组成的基本饱和的聚合物烃类系列中的任一种。典型的聚烯烃包括但不限于聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚甲基戊烯、以及单体乙烯、丙烯和甲基戊烯的各种组合
如本文所用，术语“聚乙烯”旨在不仅涵盖乙烯的均聚物，而且涵盖其中至少85％的重复单元为乙烯单元的共聚物诸如乙烯和α-烯烃的共聚物。优选的聚乙烯包括低密度聚乙烯、线性低密度聚乙烯、和线性高密度聚乙烯。优选的线性高密度聚乙烯具有约130℃至140℃的熔点范围上限，约0.941至0.980克/立方厘米范围内的密度，以及介于0.1和100之间、并优选小于4的熔体指数(由ASTM D-1238-57T条件E定义)。
本发明涉及漫反射器，所述漫反射器包括纤维非织造片材，其中在所述非织造片材中具有高反射率和良好的抗脱层性的组合。
本发明的漫反射器可由如下方法制成：大致通过使用授予Blades等人的美国专利3,081,519、授予Anderson等人的3,227,794、以及授予Brethauer等人的3,860,369中的公开内容闪蒸纺丝丛丝纤维并获得非织造片材。所述闪蒸纺丝工艺产生丛丝纤维的闪纺非织造片材。然而，已发现在低纺丝温度下闪蒸纺丝产生具有意料不到的高表面积的丛丝纤维并且所得的粘合的非织造片材具有高反射率和良好的抗脱层性。
形成闪纺丛丝纤维的方法包括提供溶液，所述溶液具有按所述溶液的重量计12％至24％的聚乙烯，以及由68重量％正戊烷和32重量％环戊烷；或75重量％正戊烷和25重量％环戊烷的混合物组成的纺丝剂，并在约165℃至约175℃的纺丝温度下将溶液闪蒸纺丝以形成闪纺丛丝纤维。
所述闪纺丛丝纤维可由用于闪蒸纺丝的聚合物和纺丝剂的任何合适的组合制成。可用的聚合物为聚烯烃聚合物，优选聚乙烯。
非织造片材通过收集闪纺丛丝纤维，然后通过粘合形成片材来制成。
非织造片材具有选自下列的反射率和脱层：至少约97.0％的反射率和至少约0.18N/cm的脱层，至少约96％的反射率和至少约0.49N/cm的脱层，至少约95.0％的反射率和至少约0.70N/cm的脱层。优选不具有光学增白剂，然而，可向非织造片材中加入具有光学增白剂的涂层以改善反射率。例如，可将二氧化钛与粘合剂涂覆到非织造片材上。
本发明的非织造片材具有约30gsm至约100gsm的优选的基重。基重的增加可导致反射率的增加。
测试方法
在以下非限制性例子中，采用以下测试方法来测定各种报道的特性及性能。ASTM是指美国材料试验学会。
反射率得自单个非织造片材。将购自X-Rite，Incorporated，4300 44th StSE，Grand Rapids(Michigan，49512，USA)的SP64型仪表放置在样品上并获得读数。输出是550nm波长下的反射率百分比。
片材样品的脱层强度使用恒速延伸拉伸试验机诸如Instron台式试验机来测量。切割2.54cm乘以20.32cm样品，使得其长度方向平行于纵向，并且通过在样品的横截面中插入鹤嘴锄以引发分离和脱层从而用手剥离大约3.18cm。将脱层的样品面安装在试验机的夹具中，所述夹具设定为2.54cm间距。启动试验机并以5.08cm/min的夹头速度运行。在夹头行进约1.3cm除去松弛之后，计算机开始采集力读数。样品被脱层约14cm，其间采集力读数并平均。平均脱层强度是平均力除以样品宽度并以N/cm为单位表示。测试大致按照ASTM D2724的方法进行。
根据ASTM D-3776测定基重，并且以gsm为单位报告。
实例
在下文中将采用以下实例对本发明进行更详细的描述。
实例1
实例1表示制备丛丝纤维并获得本发明的非织造片材的方法。一般按照授予Blades等人的美国专利3,081,519、授予Anderson等人的3,227,794以及授予Brethauer等人的3,860,369由闪蒸纺丝技术制备丛丝纤维和所得的非织造片材。由19重量％浓度的熔体指数为0.7g/10min(根据ASTM D-1238在190℃和2.16kg负载下测量)的高密度聚乙烯以及3.5％TiO2在68重量％正戊烷和32重量％环戊烷的纺丝剂中的溶液在175℃的溶液温度下闪蒸纺丝丛丝纤维。非织造片材通过如下方法制备：将丛丝纤维收集成片材，并将所述片材在132.2℃下的两个预热辊，133.3℃下的两对粘合辊(片材的每一面一个辊)，与由满足85-90的肖氏硬度A的橡胶制成的支承辊(具有34.5巴静压头)以及两个冷却辊之间进行整个表面粘合以形成粘合的非织造片材。所述非织造片材(基重，90.2gsm)具有97.2％的反射率和0.49N/cm的脱层。
实例2
实例2与实例1相同地进行制备，不同的是非织造片材通过如下方法制备：将丛丝纤维收集成片材，并将片材在126.7℃和121.1C下的两个预热辊、133.3℃和137.8C下的两对粘合辊(片材的每一面一个辊)、与由满足85-90的肖氏硬度的橡胶制成的支承辊(具有34.5巴静压头)以及两个冷却辊之间进行整个表面粘合以形成粘合的非织造片材。所述非织造片材(基重，89.2gsm)具有97.1％的反射率和0.30N/cm的脱层。
实例3
实例3与实例1相同地制备，不同的是由19重量％浓度的熔体指数为0.7g/10min(根据ASTM D-1238在190℃和2.16kg负载下测量)的高密度聚乙烯和5.0％TiO2在75重量％正戊烷和25重量％环戊烷的纺丝剂中的溶液在175℃的溶液温度下闪蒸纺丝丛丝纤维。非织造片材通过如下方法制备：将丛丝纤维收集成片材，并将片材在126.7℃和132.2C下的两个预热辊，142.2℃和137.8C下的两对粘合辊(片材的每一面一个辊)，与由满足85-90的肖氏硬度A的橡胶制成的支承辊(具有34.5巴静压头)以及两个冷却辊之间进行整个表面粘合以形成粘合的非织造片材。所述非织造片材(基重，119.4gsm)具有97.2％的反射率和0.32N/cm的脱层。

Claims (5)

1.一种漫反射器，包括至少一个纤维非织造片材，其中所述非织造片材不具有光学增白剂涂层，所述纤维非织造片材具有30gsm至约100gsm的基重并具有选自下列的反射率和脱层：
至少97.0％的反射率和至少0.18N/cm的脱层，
至少96.0％的反射率和至少0.49N/cm的脱层，以及
至少95.0％的反射率和至少0.70N/cm的脱层。
2.根据权利要求1所述的漫反射器，其中所述纤维包含聚烯烃聚合物。
3.根据权利要求2所述的漫反射器，其中所述聚烯烃聚合物为聚乙烯。
4.根据权利要求1所述的漫反射器，其中所述纤维为闪纺丛丝纤维。
5.根据权利要求1所述的漫反射器，其中所述非织造片材具有光学增白剂涂层。
CN201380005280.9A 2012-01-12 2013-01-14 漫反射器 Pending CN104040058A (zh)

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US201261585858P 2012-01-12 2012-01-12
US61/585,858 2012-01-12
PCT/US2013/021498 WO2013106865A1 (en) 2012-01-12 2013-01-14 Diffuse reflector

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CN114687068A (zh) * 2020-12-30 2022-07-01 浙江青昀新材料科技有限公司 改进型闪蒸无纺布

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