CN104031254B - 用于神经组织修复的乙酰胆碱功能化可降解聚酯材料及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种用于神经组织修复的乙酰胆碱功能化可降解聚酯材料及其制备方法。本发明首先合成5-甲基-5-卤乙氧基羰基三亚甲基碳酸酯单体,该单体与环状内酯单体共聚得到侧基为卤乙醇酯的可降解聚酯材料,得到的聚酯材料与三甲胺进行季铵化反应后可得到侧基为乙酰胆碱的可降解聚酯材料。采用该方法可方便地在可降解聚酯材料侧基引入乙酰胆碱官能团,使其具有生物活性,且具有比例可调、共聚单体可调等优点。本发明的乙酰胆碱功能化可降解聚酯材料能够促进神经细胞的粘附以及神经轴突的生长,在神经组织修复与再生方面具有潜在的应用价值。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种神经组织修复与再生材料,尤其涉及一种用于神经组织修复的乙酰胆碱功能化可降解聚酯材料及其制备方法。
背景技术
疾病或创伤导致的周围神经组织的缺损给患者带来极大不便。临床上,末端缝合术可以用于连接较小的缺损神经组织,而对于较大的神经组织缺损,自体神经组织移植是目前采用的黄金标准。但是由于供体来源有限、供体区损伤等问题的存在,较多的患者不能得到及时的治疗。
基于临床的需要,人们研究开发人工神经移植物用于神经组织的修复。目前,已有多种材料被制成神经导管或组织工程神经支架用于神经修复,如胶原、壳聚糖、硅橡胶、可降解聚酯、透明质酸等。其中,神经移植物提供神经细胞的粘附、轴突的生长,是神经组织再生的物质基础。
可降解聚酯材料由于具有易加工、低的炎症反应等优点,被广泛的用于生物医学领域,如药物控制释放系统、骨内固定物、医用缝合线和组织修复等。在神经组织修复方面,用聚乙醇酸、聚乳酸-聚己内酯制成的神经导管已经用于长度在30mm以内的指神经、正中神经等神经缺损的临床修复。然而,由于没有生物活性基团,聚酯材料表面不利于神经细胞的粘附以及轴突的生长。为了促进材料表面神经细胞的行为,如神经细胞的粘附、增殖、分化和取向生长等,人们广泛通过物理吸附或化学接枝的方法将生物活性分子,如层粘连蛋白、神经生长因子、多肽、胶原等,引入到材料表面。物理吸附或共混的方法具有不易控制生物活性分子的释放、易解吸附等缺点,而采用化学接枝的方法,需要首先对聚酯材料进行改性,引入活性官能团,步骤较为繁琐,而且生物活性分子接枝的过程中容易发生失活。
除了生长因子、多肽以及蛋白等用于促进神经细胞行为之外,作为内源性化学因子,神经传递素在神经系统中起到信号传递以及调节细胞行为的作用。乙酰胆碱是一种神经传递素,在胚胎和成年神经元中调节神经细胞行为。乙酰胆碱受体的激活可以诱导神经突起生长,促进突触的形成和强化。一般认为乙酰胆碱调节轴突生长的这一能力是通过增加细胞内钙水平从而启动细胞内信号传递来实现的。乙酰胆碱刺激乙酰胆碱受体,引起细胞外钙流入并激活特定基因的转录与肌动蛋白,在轴突生长中发挥了关键作用。并且已有实验发现局部使用乙酰胆碱会诱导神经轴突转向乙酰胆碱梯度。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种用于神经组织修复的乙酰胆碱功能化的可降解聚酯材料及其制备方法,以促进神经细胞的粘附以及神经轴突的生长。
本发明的用于神经组织修复的乙酰胆碱功能化可降解聚酯材料,它的结构式如式(1):
其中X为氯、溴或碘,R为下述结构式R1、R2、R3、R4和R5中的一种,m:n=1/19~3/7,
本发明的用于神经组织修复的乙酰胆碱功能化可降解聚酯材料的制备方法,其步骤如下:
1)5-甲基-5-卤乙氧基羰基三亚甲基碳酸酯单体的合成
(1)将卤乙醇、4-二甲胺基吡啶、吡啶和异丙叉-2,2-二氧甲基丙酸酐按摩尔比1:0.2:5:1.5溶于二氯甲烷中,室温下搅拌充分反应后,加入吡啶和水按体积比1:1的混合液,搅拌中和过量的异丙叉-2,2-二氧甲基丙酸酐,反应产物依次用1M的NaHSO4、质量浓度10%的Na2CO3以及饱和氯化钠洗涤,分液后有机相干燥、浓缩得到2,2-二氧甲基丙酸-2-卤乙醇酯;
(2)将2,2-二氧甲基丙酸-2-卤乙醇酯和阳离子交换树脂Dowex H+50WX2按重量比为6:1~3:1加入至甲醇中,搅拌至完全反应后,过滤,滤液浓缩得到2,2-二羟甲基丙酸-2-卤乙醇酯;
(3)将2,2-二羟甲基丙酸-2-卤乙醇酯和氯甲酸乙酯加入至过量干燥的四氢呋喃中,2,2-二羟甲基丙酸-2-卤乙醇酯与氯甲酸乙酯的摩尔比为1:2.5,搅拌得到混合物,0℃下向混合物滴入与氯甲酸乙酯等量的三乙胺,充分反应后滤出三乙胺盐酸盐沉淀,滤液浓缩得到5-甲基-5-卤乙氧基羰基三亚甲基碳酸酯单体;
2)共聚
将5-甲基-5-卤乙氧基羰基三亚甲基碳酸酯单体与环状内酯单体按摩尔比1:19~3:7在真空或氩气保护下进行共聚得到卤乙醇酯功能化的可降解聚酯材料,催化剂为辛酸亚锡,辛酸亚锡与总单体的摩尔比为1:200~1:1000,共聚温度为100~130℃,聚合时间为12~48h;
或者将5-甲基-5-卤乙氧基羰基三亚甲基碳酸酯单体与环状内酯单体按摩尔比1:19~3:7溶解于氯仿中进行共聚得到卤乙醇酯功能化的可降解聚酯材料,以1,8‐二氮杂二环[5.4.0]十一碳‐7‐烯为催化剂,1,8‐二氮杂二环[5.4.0]十一碳‐7‐烯占总单体摩尔含量的1%~5%,于25~40℃,反应12~48h;
3)共聚产物的季铵化处理
将卤乙醇酯功能化的可降解聚酯材料先溶解于乙腈或N,N-二甲基甲酰胺中,使所得溶液中卤乙醇酯功能化的可降解聚酯材料的质量浓度为5%,然后在溶液中加入三甲胺和碘化钾,三甲胺、碘化钾和聚合物中卤元素含量的摩尔比为10:0.2:1,在50~100℃反应24~72小时,得到乙酰胆碱功能化的可降解聚酯材料。
本发明中,所述的2-卤乙醇可以是2-氯乙醇、2-溴乙醇和2-碘乙醇中的一种。
本发明中,所述的环状内酯单体是L-丙交酯、DL-丙交酯、三亚甲基碳酸酯、己内酯、乙交酯或对二氧六环酮。
本发明的优点
本发明以卤乙醇酯功能化的三亚甲基碳酸酯为功能性单体,经过与环状内酯单体共聚后,聚合产物与三甲胺进行季铵化反应,得到侧基为乙酰胆碱的可降解聚酯材料。采用该方法可方便地在可降解聚酯侧基引入乙酰胆碱官能团,且具有比例可调、共聚单体可调等优点。本发明的乙酰胆碱功能化可降解聚酯材料能够促进神经细胞的粘附以及神经轴突的生长,在神经组织修复与再生方面具有潜在的应用价值。
附图说明
图1是5-甲基-5-卤乙氧基羰基三亚甲基碳酸酯单体的的合成示意图。
图2是乙酰胆碱功能化聚酯的制备示意图。
图3是氯乙醇酯功能化的三亚甲基碳酸酯单体的核磁谱图,图中:A,1H NMR,B,13C NMR)。
图4是聚酯材料的核磁谱图,图中:A为氯乙醇酯功能化聚酯材料,B为乙酰胆碱功能化聚酯材料。
图5是PC12细胞在乙酰胆碱含量为8.9%的聚酯材料膜表面培养6天后的存活性染色照片。
图6是PC12细胞在乙酰胆碱含量为8.9%的聚酯材料膜表面经50ng/ml神经生长因子NGF处理培养6天后,神经轴突生长的染色照片。
具体实施方式
下面结合实例和附图对本发明作详细说明。
5-甲基-5-卤乙氧基羰基三亚甲基碳酸酯单体的合成示意图见图1
实例1:
5-甲基-5-氯乙氧基羰基三亚甲基碳酸酯单体的制备包括以下步骤:
(1)将8.05g2-氯乙醇、2.5g4-二甲胺基吡啶、45ml吡啶和49g异丙叉-2,2-二氧甲基丙酸酐加入50ml的二氯甲烷中,室温下搅拌反应12小时后,加入20ml吡啶和水的混合物(体积比1:1),搅拌12小时中和过量的异丙叉-2,2-二氧甲基丙酸酐,并依次用1M的NaHSO4、10%的Na2CO3以及饱和氯化钠分别洗涤三次,分液后有机相干燥、浓缩得到淡黄色液体产物1。
(2)将11.8g产物1和2.36g阳离子交换树脂Dowex H+50WX2加入至100ml甲醇中,室温搅拌,通过薄层色谱跟踪脱保护过程,脱保护完全后,滤出树脂,浓缩得到产物2。
(3)将9.8g产物2和12ml氯甲酸乙酯加入至300ml干燥的四氢呋喃中,0℃下将17.3ml三乙胺缓慢滴入混合物中,滴完后继续搅拌反应1小时,混合物在室温反应12小时后滤出三乙胺盐酸盐沉淀,滤液浓缩得到氯乙醇酯功能化的三亚甲基碳酸酯单体(5-甲基-5-氯乙氧基羰基三亚甲基碳酸酯单体)。其核磁谱图见图3,由图中核磁峰的归属可见成功合成该单体。
实例2:
5-甲基-5-溴乙氧基羰基三亚甲基碳酸酯单体的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)将12.4g2-溴乙醇、2.5g4-二甲胺基吡啶、45ml吡啶和49g异丙叉-2,2-二氧甲基丙酸酐加入50ml的二氯甲烷中,室温搅拌反应12小时后,加入20ml吡啶和水的混合物(体积比1:1)搅拌12小时中和过量的异丙叉-2,2-二氧甲基丙酸酐,并依次用1M的NaHSO4、10%的Na2CO3以及饱和氯化钠分别洗涤三次,分液后有机相干燥、浓缩得到淡黄色液体产物1。
(2)将14g产物1和3g阳离子交换树脂Dowex H+50WX2加入至100ml甲醇中,室温搅拌,通过薄层色谱跟踪脱保护过程,脱保护完全后,滤出树脂,浓缩得到产物2。
(3)将12g产物2和12ml氯甲酸乙酯加入至300ml干燥的四氢呋喃中,0℃下将17.3ml三乙胺缓慢滴入混合物中,滴完后继续搅拌反应1小时,混合物在室温反应12小时后滤出三乙胺盐酸盐沉淀,滤液浓缩得到溴乙醇酯功能化的三亚甲基碳酸酯单体(5-甲基-5-溴乙氧基羰基三亚甲基碳酸酯单体)。
实例3:
5-甲基-5-碘乙氧基羰基三亚甲基碳酸酯单体的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)将17.2g2-碘乙醇、2.5g4-二甲胺基吡啶、45ml吡啶和49g异丙叉-2,2-二氧甲基丙酸酐加入50ml的二氯甲烷中,室温搅拌反应12小时后,加入20ml吡啶和水的混合物(体积比1:1)搅拌12小时中和过量的异丙叉-2,2-二氧甲基丙酸酐,并依次用1M的NaHSO4、10%的Na2CO3以及饱和氯化钠分别洗涤三次,分液后有机相干燥、浓缩得到淡黄色液体产物1。
(2)将16.4g产物1和3g阳离子交换树脂Dowex H+50WX2加入至100ml甲醇中,室温搅拌,通过薄层色谱跟踪脱保护过程,脱保护完全后,滤出树脂,浓缩得到产物2。
(3)将14.4g产物2和12ml氯甲酸乙酯加入至300ml干燥的四氢呋喃中,0℃下将17.3ml三乙胺缓慢滴入混合物中,滴完后继续搅拌反应1小时,混合物在室温反应12小时后滤出三乙胺盐酸盐沉淀,滤液浓缩得到碘乙醇酯功能化的三亚甲基碳酸酯单体(5-甲基-5-碘乙氧基羰基三亚甲基碳酸酯单体)。
实例4:
卤乙醇酯功能化的三亚甲基碳酸酯单体与L-丙交酯的共聚:
按照5-甲基-5-氯乙氧基羰基三亚甲基碳酸酯单体与L-丙交酯的摩尔投料比为1:9制备氯乙醇酯功能化的聚酯,将0.22g5-甲基-5-氯乙氧基羰基三亚甲基碳酸酯单体、1.31g L-丙交酯和10.1mg辛酸亚锡加入干燥的的聚合管中,抽真空后封管,在130℃下本体聚合反应24小时,得到氯乙醇酯功能化的聚酯。
实例5:
卤乙醇酯功能化的三亚甲基碳酸酯单体与三亚甲基碳酸酯的共聚:
按照5-甲基-5-氯乙氧基羰基三亚甲基碳酸酯单体与三亚甲基碳酸酯的摩尔投料比为1:9制备氯乙醇酯功能化的聚酯,将0.22g5-甲基-5-氯乙氧基羰基三亚甲基碳酸酯和0.92g三亚甲基碳酸酯溶解于氯仿中,在其中加入催化剂1,8‐二氮杂二环[5.4.0]十一碳‐7‐烯22μL,封管后,体系在30℃搅拌反应48小时,最后在甲醇中沉淀得到氯乙醇酯功能化的聚酯。
实例6:
卤乙醇酯功能化的三亚甲基碳酸酯单体与己内酯的共聚:
按照5-甲基-5-溴乙氧基羰基三亚甲基碳酸酯单体与己内酯的摩尔投料比为1:9制备氯乙醇酯功能化的聚酯,将0.27g5-甲基-5-溴乙氧基羰基三亚甲基碳酸酯、1.03g己内酯和10.1mg辛酸亚锡加入干燥的的聚合管中,抽真空后封管,在130℃下本体聚合反应24小时,得到溴乙醇酯功能化的聚酯。
实例7:
乙酰胆碱功能化聚酯的制备示意图见图2。
取2g氯乙醇酯功能化的聚酯(5-甲基-5-氯乙氧基羰基三亚甲基碳酸酯在聚合物中的摩尔分数为26.8%)溶于N,N-二甲基甲酰胺中,向其中加入108mg KI和3ml三甲胺,封管后80℃反应48小时,反应混合物过滤后,滤液减压除去溶剂,残余物水洗后,溶于N,N-二甲基甲酰胺,并在正己烷中沉淀出,得到乙酰胆碱功能化的可降解聚酯。其核磁谱图见图4,与季铵化反应之前的聚合物谱图相比,在δ3.15ppm处增加了季铵盐中甲基质子峰,且δ1.17与3.15ppm两处峰的积分面积接近于1:3,说明聚合物上的氯发生了季铵化反应。
实例8:
取2g溴乙醇酯功能化的聚酯((5-甲基-5-溴乙氧基羰基三亚甲基碳酸酯在聚合物中的摩尔分数为9.2%))溶于N,N-二甲基甲酰胺中,向其中加入39mg KI和1ml三甲胺,封管后60℃反应72小时,反应混合物过滤后,滤液减压除去溶剂,残余物水洗后,溶于N,N-二甲基甲酰胺,并在正己烷中沉淀出,得到乙酰胆碱功能化的可降解聚酯。
实例9:
材料的生物学表征:
将乙酰胆碱功能化的可降解聚酯材料溶解于乙腈中,并旋涂于玻片表面,真空除去溶剂,用75%的酒精对材料进行灭菌后,用PBS缓冲溶液洗涤,之后在膜材料表面培养大鼠肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤PC12细胞,每两天换培养基一次。细胞在材料表面培养6天后,用二乙酰荧光素/碘化丙锭(FDA/PI)染色观察。
同样,在培养基中加入50ng/ml的神经生长因子NGF,考察PC12细胞在材料表面神经轴突的生长,培养6天后,对其进行微管蛋白β-tubulin和4',6-二脒基-2-苯基吲哚DAPI染色,考察乙酰胆碱基团的含量对神经细胞行为的影响。
在乙酰胆碱基团摩尔含量约为8.9%的材料表面,PC12细胞具有较好的存活性(见图5)和神经轴突生长行为(见图6)。
Claims (3)
1.用于神经组织修复的乙酰胆碱功能化可降解聚酯材料的制备方法,该乙酰胆碱功能化可降解聚酯材料的结构式如式(1):
式(1)
其中X为氯、溴或碘,R为下述结构式R1、R2、R3、R4和R5中的一种,m:n=1/19~3/7,
,
其制备步骤如下:
1) 5-甲基-5-卤乙氧基羰基三亚甲基碳酸酯单体的合成
(1)将2-卤乙醇、4-二甲胺基吡啶、吡啶和异丙叉-2,2-二氧甲基丙酸酐按摩尔比1:0.2:5:1.5溶于二氯甲烷中,室温下搅拌充分反应后,加入吡啶和水按体积比1:1的混合液,搅拌中和过量的异丙叉-2,2-二氧甲基丙酸酐,反应产物依次用1M的NaHSO4、质量浓度10 %的Na2CO3以及饱和氯化钠洗涤,分液后有机相干燥、浓缩得到2,2-二氧甲基丙酸-2-卤乙醇酯;
(2)将2,2-二氧甲基丙酸-2-卤乙醇酯和阳离子交换树脂Dowex H+ 50WX2按重量比为6:1~3:1加入至甲醇中,搅拌至完全反应后,过滤,滤液浓缩得到2,2-二羟甲基丙酸-2-卤乙醇酯;
(3)将2,2-二羟甲基丙酸-2-卤乙醇酯和氯甲酸乙酯加入至过量干燥的四氢呋喃中,2,2-二羟甲基丙酸-2-卤乙醇酯与氯甲酸乙酯的摩尔比为1:2.5,搅拌得到混合物,0 oC下向混合物滴入与氯甲酸乙酯等量的三乙胺,充分反应后滤出三乙胺盐酸盐沉淀,滤液浓缩得到5-甲基-5-卤乙氧基羰基三亚甲基碳酸酯单体;
2)共聚
将5-甲基-5-卤乙氧基羰基三亚甲基碳酸酯单体与环状内酯单体按摩尔比1:19~3:7在真空或氩气保护下进行共聚得到卤乙醇酯功能化的可降解聚酯材料,催化剂为辛酸亚锡,辛酸亚锡与总单体的摩尔比为1:200~1:1000,共聚温度为100~130 ℃,聚合时间为12~48 h;
或者将5-甲基-5-卤乙氧基羰基三亚甲基碳酸酯单体与环状内酯单体按摩尔比1:19~3:7溶解于氯仿中进行共聚得到卤乙醇酯功能化的可降解聚酯材料,以1,8-二氮杂二环[5.4.0]十一碳-7-烯为催化剂,1,8-二氮杂二环[5.4.0]十一碳-7-烯占总单体摩尔含量的1 %~5 %,于25~40 ℃,反应12~48 h;
3)共聚产物的季铵化处理
将卤乙醇酯功能化的可降解聚酯材料先溶解于乙腈或N,N-二甲基甲酰胺中,使所得溶液中卤乙醇酯功能化的可降解聚酯材料的质量浓度为5%,然后在溶液中加入三甲胺和碘化钾,三甲胺、碘化钾和聚合物中卤元素含量的摩尔比为10:0.2:1,在50~100 oC反应24~72小时,得到乙酰胆碱功能化的可降解聚酯材料。
2.根据权利要求1所述的用于神经组织修复的乙酰胆碱功能化可降解聚酯材料的制备方法,其特征在于所述的2-卤乙醇是2-氯乙醇、2-溴乙醇和2-碘乙醇中的一种。
3.根据权利要求1所述的用于神经组织修复的乙酰胆碱功能化可降解聚酯材料的制备方法,其特征在于所述的环状内酯单体是L-丙交酯、DL-丙交酯、三亚甲基碳酸酯、己内酯、乙交酯或对二氧六环酮。
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