CN104018458B - A kind of lake and reservoir water temperature method for layering simulation based on heat transfer naturally - Google Patents
A kind of lake and reservoir water temperature method for layering simulation based on heat transfer naturally Download PDFInfo
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- CN104018458B CN104018458B CN201410140441.1A CN201410140441A CN104018458B CN 104018458 B CN104018458 B CN 104018458B CN 201410140441 A CN201410140441 A CN 201410140441A CN 104018458 B CN104018458 B CN 104018458B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of lake and reservoir water temperature method for layering simulation based on heat transfer naturally, this analogy method comprises the following steps: according to the feature of actual laminated devices lake and reservoir water temperature distribution, the height of the lower floor's isothermal layer water body by a certain percentage needed for Confirming model reservoir; In the model reservoir lower floor of desired height, vertical even laying N-1 annular A/C evaporator condensation pipe, each annular condensation pipe is connected with air-conditioner host; Injected clear water in model reservoir, makes to reach certain depth of water in model reservoir; According to required isothermal layer water temperature, the temperature value of set temperature inductor; Open air-conditioner host, freezed to model reservoir lower floor water body by individual condensation pipe, by temperature inductor actual measurement lower floor water body water temperature, air-conditioner host is according to the feedback automatic open and close of temperature inductor, until isothermal layer water body even water temperature reaches assigned temperature, simulation process terminates.Water temperature delamination is stablized, the feature of same level even water temperature to adopt the stratified water of the present invention's formation to have.
Description
[technical field]
The invention belongs to lake and reservoir water quality Environmental capacity field, relate to stratified lake reservoir pilot scale research, be specifically related to a kind of method for layering simulation for water temperature of reservoir based on heat transfer naturally.
[background technology]
Deep water type lake and reservoir water temperature has the significantly seasonal feature along the distribution of degree of depth stratification, form typical troposphere from top to bottom summer, the water temperature delamination structure of jump warm layer and isothermal layer, surface temperature and bottom water temperature differ greatly, and temperature gap can reach about 20 DEG C sometimes.When storehouse, lake water temperature delamination, water temperature reduces gradually from top to bottom, density increases gradually, when surface temperature and the higher water body of dissolved oxygen concentration move downward, can be subject to floating resistance upwards, especially in large the jumping in warm layer of temperature gradient.The existence of warm layer of jumping hinders energy and the mass exchange of top layer and bottom water body, at bottom water body, dissolved oxygen jumped warm layer hinder and can not get supplementing, various microorganism and chemical action then can make the dissolved oxygen in water be consumed gradually, when oxygen in water concentration is lower than 2mg/L, organic matter in bed mud, nitrogen, phosphorus, iron, manganese can discharge into water body, form the endogenous pollution of Hu Ku.When seasonal law causes top layer close with bottom water temperature, phenomenon that Hu Ku easily occurs " turning over storehouse ", the isothermal layer water body of severe water pollution mixes with middle and upper part water body, and the pollutant in isothermal layer will pollute storehouse, whole lake water quality.Endogenous pollution makes water systems'phosphorus, nitrogen content increase, summer and autumn water temperature, illumination suitable time, amount reproduction and the body eutrophication of algae can be caused.Water temperature delamination is one of major incentive causing storehouse, layering lake water quality endogenous pollution and eutrophication.Owing to lacking the method simulating actual layering Hu Ku, the field observation that the research of current layering lake storehouse endogenous pollution and eutrophication control technology is substantially all under laboratory research and confined condition is studied, and causes the effect of storehouse, lake water pollution control technology to be difficult to carry out substantial system research in controlled experiments environment.
The main analog method relating to the layering of lake and reservoir water temperature at present has three classes.One is form with salt solution and fresh water the density stratification water body being similar to water temperature delamination, and two is utilize hot water and cold water to flow into tank to form certain distribution of water temperature, and three is by forming certain distribution of water temperature by the method that heater makes water body heat up above tank.Utilize the density contrast of salt, fresh water to simulate water temperature delamination, usually only can simulate two-layer, be difficult to form stable continuous stratification water body, the continuous distributed of storehouse, actual lake water temperature along the depth of water can not be reproduced truly.Utilize hot water or cold water to flow into tank to form water temperature delamination, although can form metastable water temperature delamination structure under certain condition, it is very high to the control overflow of hot water or cold water's input system.Although utilize heater to heat up in theory under the effect of level to density current, heat can by horizontal transport, make the water temperature on contour plane be tending towards even, but there is following obvious deficiency: 1) by the impact of heater performance, the uniformity of water temperature delamination spatial distribution is difficult to ensure; 2) the common water temperature about 5 DEG C of storehouse, actual layering lake isothermal layer cannot be reduced under the most condition of bottom water temperature, be difficult to can to carry out the layering water environment close with storehouse, actual lake water temperature delamination condition in any season and test; 3) heating rod itself also can affect the streamflow regime in storehouse, model lake.All there is respective defect and deficiency in current water temperature delamination method, is difficult to be formed easily stable, does not affect streamflow regime, the water temperature delamination structure of realistic lake and reservoir water temperature characteristic distributions.
[summary of the invention]
The object of the invention is to the deficiency for existing water temperature delamination method, provide a kind of lake and reservoir water temperature method for layering simulation based on heat transfer naturally, the method is simple.
For achieving the above object, the present invention adopts following technical scheme:
1, based on a lake and reservoir water temperature method for layering simulation for heat transfer naturally, it is characterized in that, comprise the following steps:
1) according to the feature of actual laminated devices lake and reservoir water temperature distribution, the height of the lower floor's isothermal layer water body by a certain percentage needed for Confirming model reservoir;
2) in the model reservoir lower floor of desired height, vertical even laying N-1 annular A/C evaporator condensation pipe, each annular condensation pipe is connected with air-conditioner host;
3) to injected clear water in model reservoir, make to reach certain depth of water in model reservoir;
4) according to required isothermal layer water temperature, the temperature value of set temperature inductor;
5) air-conditioner host is opened, freezed to model reservoir lower floor water body by N-1 condensation pipe, by temperature inductor actual measurement lower floor water body water temperature, air-conditioner host is according to the feedback automatic open and close of temperature inductor, until isothermal layer water body even water temperature reaches assigned temperature, simulation process terminates.
The present invention improves further and is, air-conditioner host is according to the feedback automatic open and close of temperature inductor, the temperature of temperature inductor real-time measurement model reservoir lower floor water body, when model reservoir lower floor water temperature is higher than assigned temperature, temperature inductor sends an enabling signal to air-conditioner host; When lower floor, water temperature reaches assigned temperature, and temperature inductor sends an off signal to air-conditioner host again.
The present invention improves further and is, in simulation reservoir, the quantity of condensation pipe is N-1, and it is respectively the 1st layer of condensation pipe, the 2nd layer of condensation pipe ... and N-1 layer condensation pipe from top to bottom, and N-1 condensation pipe passes through stent support.
The present invention improves further and is, is also provided with rule and bottom goes out head piece in model reservoir.
Compared with other method for layering simulation for water temperature existing, advantage of the present invention is: water temperature delamination is stable, same level even water temperature to adopt the water temperature delamination water body of the inventive method formation to have, refrigerating speed is fast, energy consumption is low, device is simple, the inner empty soma of water body is disturbed, and tests advantages such as not being subject to seasonal restrictions.
[accompanying drawing explanation]
Fig. 1 is inventive refrigeration system schematic diagram;
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of the lake and reservoir water temperature hierarchical simulation device that the present invention is based on nature heat transfer;
Fig. 3 is that the present invention simulates water temperature distribution map;
Fig. 4 is Xi'an Metro Jinpen reservoir actual water temperature seasonal variations figure.
Wherein: 1, water tank; 2, filler pipe; 3, water pump; 4, flow meter; 5, rule; 6, the 1st layer of condensation pipe; 7, the 2nd layer of condensation pipe; 8, N-1 layer condensation pipe; 9, support; 10, model reservoir; 11, head piece is gone out; 12, temp probe; 13, temperature inductor; 14, air-conditioner host; 15, pond is cushioned; 16, intake chamber; 17, switch; 18, temperature measurer main frame.
[detailed description of the invention]
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention is described in further detail.
See Fig. 1, a kind of lake and reservoir water temperature method for layering simulation based on heat transfer naturally of the present invention, its core concept is by the cold method of bottom water system, first isothermal layer is formed in bottom, then nature heat transfer mechanism is utilized, in model reservoir, form troposphere from top to bottom, jump warm layer and isothermal layer, namely form the water temperature delamination structure similar with actual lake and reservoir.
With reference to Fig. 2, the present invention intends being described in detail by a set of stratified lake reservoir analogue means based on heat transfer naturally.This analogue means comprises model reservoir 10, air-conditioner host 14, temperature inductor 13, some temp probes 12, the 1st layer of annular condensation pipe 6, the 2nd layer of annular condensation pipe 7, N-1 layer annular condensation pipe 8; Wherein, N-1 layer annular condensation pipe 8, the 2nd layer of annular condensation pipe 7 and the 1st layer of annular condensation pipe 6 are evenly arranged on model reservoir 10 bottom from top to bottom, N-1 annular condensation pipe is supported by support 9, each and every one temp probes 12 some are connected with temperature measurer main frame 18 respectively, temperature inductor 13 is connected with air-conditioner host 14, and air-conditioner host 14 is for freezing to the water in model reservoir 10 respectively by N-1 annular condensation pipe.
Wherein, this analogue means also comprise be arranged on model reservoir 10 bottom go out head piece 11; Rule 5 is also provided with in model reservoir 10.
In addition, this analogue means also comprises buffering pond 15, and it is connected with model reservoir 10 by intake chamber 16, and water tank 1, and it is connected with buffering pond 15 by filler pipe 2 and the water pump 3 be arranged on filler pipe 2; Filler pipe 2 is provided with flow meter 3, and flow meter 3 is arranged on the one end near water pump 3 delivery port, and filler pipe 2 is also provided with switch 17.
A kind of lake and reservoir water temperature method for layering simulation based on heat transfer naturally of the present invention, comprises following step:
1) according to the feature of actual Stratified reservoir (lake) distribution of water temperature, the height h of the lower floor's isothermal layer water body by a certain percentage needed for Confirming model reservoir (long L/m, wide B/m, high H/m)
1m (), is the height of isothermal layer in model reservoir; Be h at desired height
1model reservoir lower floor, vertical even laying N-1 annular A/C evaporator condensation pipe, each annular condensation pipe establishes two horizontal short tubes to be connected, and from top to bottom model reservoir lower floor is divided into N layer; Each annular condensation pipe is connected with air-conditioner host; Injected clear water in model reservoir, makes the depth of water in model reservoir reach h
0(m);
2) according to required isothermal layer water temperature, the temperature value of set temperature inductor; Open air-conditioner host, carry out cooling process by N-1 condensation pipe to model reservoir lower floor water body, after refrigeration reaches the isothermal layer water temperature of specifying, air-conditioning quits work; When condensation pipe surrounding water temperature formulates temperature higher than expection, air-conditioner host is started working, so constantly repetitive cycling, until isothermal layer water body even water temperature reaches assigned temperature, simulation process terminates.Specifically, temperature inductor measures the temperature of water layer water body in the middle part of isothermal layer in real time, and when assigned temperature higher than temperature inductor of the temperature of this layer of water body, temperature inductor sends an enabling signal to air-conditioner host; After the temperature of this layer of water body drops to assigned temperature, temperature inductor sends an off signal to air-conditioner host again.Long refrigeration defines the lower stable isothermal layer water body of water temperature, and utilize nature to conduct heat under room temperature, surface temperature changes along with the change of temperature, forms the troposphere that water temperature difference is less in the certain limit of top layer; Between top layer troposphere and bottom isothermal layer, what formation temperature gradient was very large jump warm layer, with the water temperature delamination structure of the actual reservoir of approximate simulation.
3) after refrigeration certain hour, the water temperature of temperature inductor actual measurement is stable when reaching assigned temperature, is h at model reservoir height
1lower floor's water body in, horizontal direction is selected 8 points evenly, the vertical water temperature adopting the linear transducer array that be made up of 4 temp probes to measure each point place respectively distributes, if in model reservoir isothermal layer water body everywhere water temperature all reach assigned temperature, model reservoir isothermal layer is formally formed.
4) when room temperature is fixing, can by the different temperatures of set temperature inductor, realization has difference and to jump the stable water temperature delamination structure of warm layer temperature gradient naturally; When the fixed temperature of set temperature inductor, can according to the seasonal variety of room temperature, naturally realize having difference and to jump the stable water temperature delamination structure of warm layer temperature gradient, carry out stratified water experimental study expediently.
Comparison diagram 3 and Fig. 4, can find out and model reservoir water body can be made to form stable water temperature delamination by analogue means of the present invention, the water temperature delamination structure formed is similar with actual lake and reservoir water temperature hierarchy.
Water temperature delamination test in the past, usually the layering water environment be made up of the water body of two-layer different densities is formed with salt, fresh water for medium, or utilizing hot water or cold water to flow into tank forms certain vertical water temperature distribution, or in or beyond tank, form certain distribution of water temperature by heater heating water, be difficult to simulation based on naturally conduct heat with layering water environment like actual lake and reservoir water temperature distributional class.The invention provides a kind of lake and reservoir water temperature method for layering simulation based on heat transfer naturally, will directly form stable continuous water temperature delamination environment, be convenient to carry out the water temperature delamination simulated test under various controlled condition.
The present invention according to actual needs, can expand or reduce model reservoir size, carrying out the research of the water temperature delamination simulated experiment under different condition.The invention process is easy to operate, and use cost is cheap, is easy to control, and has application value.
Although 1 ~ 4 be described in detail enforcement of the present invention by reference to the accompanying drawings above; but above-mentioned detailed description of the invention is only schematic; the present invention is not limited to above-mentioned detailed description of the invention; those of ordinary skill in the art is under enlightenment of the present invention; do not departing under the ambit that aim of the present invention and claim protect; a lot of form can also be made, all belong within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1., based on a lake and reservoir water temperature method for layering simulation for heat transfer naturally, it is characterized in that, comprise the following steps:
1) according to the feature of actual laminated devices lake and reservoir water temperature distribution, the height of the lower floor's isothermal layer water body by a certain percentage needed for Confirming model reservoir;
2) in the model reservoir lower floor of desired height, vertical even laying N-1 annular A/C evaporator condensation pipe, each annular condensation pipe is connected with air-conditioner host;
3) to injected clear water in model reservoir, make to reach certain depth of water in model reservoir;
4) according to required isothermal layer water temperature, the temperature value of set temperature inductor;
5) air-conditioner host is opened, freezed to model reservoir lower floor water body by N-1 condensation pipe, by temperature inductor actual measurement lower floor water body water temperature, air-conditioner host is according to the feedback automatic open and close of temperature inductor, until isothermal layer water body even water temperature reaches assigned temperature, simulation process terminates.
2. a kind of lake and reservoir water temperature method for layering simulation based on heat transfer naturally according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, air-conditioner host is according to the feedback automatic open and close of temperature inductor, the temperature of temperature inductor (13) real-time measurement model reservoir lower floor water body, when model reservoir lower floor water temperature is higher than assigned temperature, temperature inductor (13) sends an enabling signal to air-conditioner host (14); When lower floor, water temperature reaches assigned temperature, and temperature inductor (13) sends an off signal again to air-conditioner host (14).
3. a kind of lake and reservoir water temperature method for layering simulation based on heat transfer naturally according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, in model reservoir (10), the quantity of condensation pipe is N-1, it is respectively the 1st layer of condensation pipe (6), the 2nd layer of condensation pipe (7) ... from top to bottom with N-1 layer condensation pipe (8), and N-1 condensation pipe is supported by support (9).
4. a kind of lake and reservoir water temperature method for layering simulation based on heat transfer naturally according to any one of claim 1 to 3, is characterized in that, be also provided with rule (5) and bottom goes out head piece in model reservoir (10).
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| CN104314039B (en) * | 2014-10-14 | 2016-08-17 | 西安建筑科技大学 | The induction of mechanical cycles current produces interior ripple and destroys the device and method of water temperature delamination |
| CN104480896B (en) * | 2014-11-12 | 2016-03-02 | 西安建筑科技大学 | A kind of layering reservoir temperature difference-silt coupling density current simulation test device and method |
| CN104361232A (en) * | 2014-11-12 | 2015-02-18 | 西安建筑科技大学 | Method for calculating energy efficiency for breaking water temperature stratification system of lake/reservoir |
| CN110156127A (en) * | 2019-07-02 | 2019-08-23 | 江西师范大学 | The water transfer method of manganese ion concentration in a kind of control water body |
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| SU1308678A1 (en) * | 1985-08-22 | 1987-05-07 | Всесоюзный научно-исследовательский институт гидротехники им.Б.Е.Веденеева | Method of testing models of structures |
| SU1458749A1 (en) * | 1987-04-01 | 1989-02-15 | Inst Gidromekhaniki An Ussr | Apparatus for creating a multilayer stratified stream of water |
| CN101775787A (en) * | 2010-03-08 | 2010-07-14 | 天津大学 | Method for layering simulation for water temperature of reservoir |
| CN101788289A (en) * | 2010-03-08 | 2010-07-28 | 天津大学 | Steady demixing blend-free water feeding device |
| CN103147421A (en) * | 2013-03-04 | 2013-06-12 | 中国长江三峡集团公司 | Water temperature stratification dynamic experimental device |
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Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| SU1308678A1 (en) * | 1985-08-22 | 1987-05-07 | Всесоюзный научно-исследовательский институт гидротехники им.Б.Е.Веденеева | Method of testing models of structures |
| SU1458749A1 (en) * | 1987-04-01 | 1989-02-15 | Inst Gidromekhaniki An Ussr | Apparatus for creating a multilayer stratified stream of water |
| CN101775787A (en) * | 2010-03-08 | 2010-07-14 | 天津大学 | Method for layering simulation for water temperature of reservoir |
| CN101788289A (en) * | 2010-03-08 | 2010-07-28 | 天津大学 | Steady demixing blend-free water feeding device |
| CN103147421A (en) * | 2013-03-04 | 2013-06-12 | 中国长江三峡集团公司 | Water temperature stratification dynamic experimental device |
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