CN104017574A - 一种用于磁共振成像的荧光量子点及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种用于磁共振成像的荧光量子点及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明属于半导体纳米材料制备和医用材料技术领域,涉及一种用于磁共振成像的荧光量子点及其制备方法。量子点具体结构为GdZnAgInS3,制备方法为,首先将醋酸银、醋酸锌、醋酸铟和氯化钆和油酸与十二烷基硫醇溶于十八烯中,升温至160~210℃,然后注入硫的油胺溶液,保持20分钟。本发明制备的量子点具有双功能,既可用作核磁共振成像造影剂,又有在可见到近红外波段可调的荧光性质,同时还具有低毒,高稳定性等特点,制备方法操作简单,绿色环保。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于半导体纳米材料制备和医用材料技术领域,具体涉及一种用于磁共振成像的荧光量子点及其制备方法。
背景技术
核磁共振成像(Magnetic Resonance Imaging,MRI)技术是自20世纪80年代初开始逐渐发展起来的一种创新性的医学影像诊断技术,由于该技术具有非侵入性诊断、高分辨解剖学成像和定量评估发病机理等显著特点,并且MRI技术在检测诊断过程中不会因放射性射线造成电离损伤,与传统的CT检测技术和核素成像(PET)技术相比较具有更为广阔的应用前景。目前该技术在临床上已得到了广泛的应用,但是对于多数疾病的早期诊断还不能给出足够的灵敏度和准确度的检验结果,解决该问题最直接的方法是选用合适的核磁共振成像造影剂,在造影剂的影响下,人体组织周围部分水分子的弛豫时间将有所改变,以达到提高MRI检验的灵敏度和准确率的目的。
目前用于核磁共振成像的造影剂从化学组成上可以简单的分成两个类别:过渡金属配合物和磁性氧化物纳米颗粒。临床上多数使用的造影剂为前者,其中绝大多数使用的是稀土元素Gd的配合物,由于配合物结构并不十分稳定,大量非人体必需的Gd元素,势必会带来一些毒副作用。如何进一步有效的发展和利用Gd元素为基础的造影剂,一直是近年来广受关注的MRI技术难题。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是,克服背景技术中现有磁共振造影剂存在的不足,提供一种具有无毒、高稳定性的既可作为磁共振成像的造影剂又可用于荧光标记检测的量子点材料。
本发明的技术问题通过以下技术方案解决:
一种用于磁共振成像的荧光量子点,具体的为Gd元素掺杂的ZnAgInS3量子点(记为GdZnAgInS3),掺杂量为Gd与Ag元素的摩尔比为1:10~1:160。
所述的量子点的粒度为3~6纳米;表面配体优选疏水性的有机分子,包括油胺、油酸或/和巯醇。
一种Gd元素掺杂的ZnAgInS3量子点的制备方法,首先将醋酸银、醋酸锌、醋酸铟和氯化钆和油酸与十二烷基硫醇溶于十八烯中,升温至160~210℃,然后注入硫的油胺溶液,保持20分钟,制得Gd元素掺杂的ZnAgInS3量子点,最后加入丙酮或者乙醇致量子点沉淀,进而分散到氯仿或己烷溶剂中,得到提纯的Gd元素掺杂的ZnAgInS3量子点;所述的醋酸银、醋酸锌和醋酸铟的用量按摩尔比为1∶1∶1,氯化钆的用量为所含的Gd元素与所述的醋酸银中所含的Ag元素按摩尔比为1∶10~1∶160,硫的用量符合化学计量比,所述的油酸与十二烷基硫醇作为配体用量均符合计量比。
所述的硫的油胺溶液的浓度优选1mol/L,所述的十八稀的用量优选每毫摩尔Ag元素使用50mL。
本发明通过调控阳离子的活性,注入硫单体的办法制备GdZnAgInS3量子点。通过调控反应温度以控制量子量子点的尺寸,通过调控GdCl3的投料量实现了不同掺杂浓度的GdZnAgInS3量子点的制备。获得的不同尺寸量子点表现出不同的光学性质,实现了荧光光谱可调,范围从可见光到近红外波段。最重要的是,GdZnAgInS3量子点可以作为核磁共振成像的造影剂,且掺杂浓度不同的量子点所表现出的对弛豫时间的影响,符合Gd浓度的变化趋势,这种方法操作简单,成本低廉,易于扩大规模生产,而且其较低的生物毒性、较高的化学稳定性、优异的双功能特性预示着广阔的应用前景。
本发明的量子点不含有剧毒的重金属元素,制备的量子点显示出良好的单分散性,通过调控量子点的尺寸和组成,其光学发光波长为550到900纳米,涵盖了可见和近红外区。本发明的量子点表面有适合的配体钝化量子点表面,因而获得的量子点有较高的荧光效率。
综上所述,本发明有以下有益效果:
1、获得的量子点具有双功能,既可用作核磁共振成像造影剂,还有可见到近红外波段可调的荧光性质。
2、与现有的核磁共振造影剂相比,本发明具有良好的细胞相容性,可以对生物体在体无损非侵入分析和检测;
3、与现有的核磁共振造影剂相比,本发明具有较高的结构稳定性、化学稳定性和热稳定性。
4、Gd的掺杂量通过投料比调控。
5、不需要对粒子进行尺寸选择。
6、反应不需要抽真空,操作简单,更接近“绿色”。
附图说明:
图1是本发明不同温度下制备具有化学计量比的(Gd:Ag:In:Zn:S=0.1:1:1:1:3)不同尺寸的GdZnAgInS3量子点的吸收和荧光光谱。自下至上3对曲线对应的量子点的粒度分别为3nm、4.6nm、6nm,分别对应反应温度为160℃、180℃和210℃。
图2是本发明不同温度条件下制备具有化学计量比的(Gd:Ag:In:Zn:S=0.1:1:1:1:3)不同尺寸的GdZnAgInS3量子点的透射电镜照片,从左到右分别对应量子点的粒度为3nm、4.6nm、6nm,分别对应反应温度为160℃、180℃和210℃。
图3是本发明不同温度下制备具有化学计量比的(Gd:Ag:In:Zn:S=0.1:1:1:1:3)量子点的X射线粉末衍射分析结果。自下至上分别对应量子点的粒度为3nm、4.6nm、6nm,分别对应反应温度为160℃、180℃和210℃。
图4是本发明在180℃下制备的粒度为4.6nm的具有不同Gd含量的量子点的元素分析结果,其中Ag:In:Zn:S=1:1:1:3,自上至下5条曲线分别对应Gd:Ag=1:160、1:80、1:40、1:20和1:10。
图5是用本发明作为造影剂进行核磁共振成像结果,图中从左至右依次对应无造影剂、掺杂Gd元素1.25%、2.5%、5%和10%的GdZnAgInS3量子点溶液作为造影剂,上排图形是上述溶液的T1加权像(T1W images),下排图形是上述溶液的T2加权像(T2W images)。
具体实施方式:
实施例1:
首先将5ml十八烯、0.1mmol醋酸银、0.1mmol醋酸锌,0.1mmol醋酸铟和0.01mmol氯化钆,0.6mmol油酸和0.6mmol十二烷基硫醇加入反应瓶,随后溶液升温至160℃,将0.3mmol单质硫溶解在0.3ml油胺中并迅速注入上述反应溶液中并保持20分钟,制得Gd:Ag为1:10的粒子尺寸为3nm的GdZnAgInS3量子点。
实施例2:
首先将50ml十八烯、1mmol醋酸银、1mmol醋酸锌,1mmol醋酸铟和0.00625mmol氯化钆,6mmol油酸和6mmol十二烷基硫醇加入反应瓶,随后溶液升温至180℃,3mmol单质硫溶解在3ml油胺中并迅速注入上述反应溶液中并保持20分钟,制得Gd:Ag为1:160的粒子尺寸为4.6nm的GdZnAgInS3量子点。
实施例3:
首先将20ml十八烯、0.4mmol醋酸银、0.4mmol醋酸锌,0.4mmol醋酸铟和0.01mmol氯化钆,2.4mmol油酸和2.4mmol十二烷基硫醇加入反应瓶,随后溶液升温至210℃,1.2mmol单质硫溶解在1.2ml油胺中并迅速注入到上述反应溶液中并保持20分钟,制得Gd:Ag为1:40的尺寸为6nm的GdZnAgInS3量子点。
实施例4:
首先将5ml十八烯、0.1mmol醋酸银、0.1mmol醋酸锌,0.1mmol醋酸铟和0.005mmol氯化钆,0.6mmol油酸和0.6mmol十二烷基硫醇加入反应瓶,随后溶液升温至160℃,0.3mmol单质硫溶解在0.3ml油胺中并迅速注入到上述反应溶液中并保持20分钟,制得Gd:Ag为1:20的尺寸为3nm的GdZnAgInS3量子点。
实施例5:
首先将5ml十八烯、0.1mmol醋酸银、0.1mmol醋酸锌,0.1mmol醋酸铟和0.00125mmol氯化钆,0.6mmol油酸和0.6mmol十二烷基硫醇加入反应瓶,随后溶液升温至至160℃,0.3mmol单质硫溶解在0.3ml油胺中并迅速注入到上述反应溶液中并保持20分钟,制得Gd:Ag为1:80的尺寸为3nm的GdZnAgInS3量子点。
实施例6:
对实施例3制备的量子点进行近红外荧光染料IR-125标定,具体步骤如下:
取实施例3制备的GdZnAgInS3量子点(发射峰为760nm)溶于20℃的正己烷溶液中,浓度稀释到使吸收光谱中715nm处的吸光度值为0.05,将荧光染料IR-125溶解在20℃的甲醇中,浓度也稀释到使吸收光谱中715nm处的吸光度值为0.05;然后对于稀释好的两溶液以715nm波长激发,分别得到荧光光谱,计算得GdZnAgInS3量子点与染料的积分面积比值为6.75,GdZnAgInS3量子点的荧光量子效率计算公式为
Φx=Φs(nx/ns)2(As/Ax)(Fx/Fs)
其中Φ为荧光量子效率,n表示溶剂在测试温度下的折光率,A为溶液在激发波长位置的吸光度值,F为荧光光谱的积分面积,每个参数的下标x表示待测试的GdZnAgInS3量子点,下标S表示标准物质荧光染料IR-125。
将结果代入荧光量子效率计算公式进行计算,两溶液在激发波长715nm处的吸光度值As和Ax均为0.05;甲醇在20℃的折光率ns为1.44,正己烷在20℃的折光率nx为1.388;测定得到的积分面积比值Fx/Fs为6.75,荧光染料IR-125在甲醇中的荧光量子效率Φs为4%。经计算,制得的GdZnAgInS3量子点荧光量子效率为25%,显示出本发明制备的量子点材料具有很高的荧光量子效率。
实施例7:
取不含造影剂的纯净水和等量的掺杂Gd元素比例依次为1.25%、2.5%、5%和10%的且粒度均为4.6nm的GdZnAgInS3量子点溶液,使各样品中Gd元素的浓度分别为0mM,0.0125mM,0.025mM,0.05mM和0.1mM,对其进行核磁共振造影测试,结果如图5。
Claims (5)
1.一种用于磁共振成像的荧光量子点,具体的为Gd元素掺杂的ZnAgInS3量子点,掺杂量为Gd与Ag元素的摩尔比为1:10~1:160。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种用于磁共振成像的荧光量子点,其特征在于,所述的量子点的粒度为3~6纳米;表面配体是疏水性的有机分子。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种用于磁共振成像的荧光量子点,其特征在于,所述的表面配体是油胺、油酸或/和巯醇。
4.一种权利要求1的Gd元素掺杂的ZnAgInS3量子点的制备方法,首先将醋酸银、醋酸锌、醋酸铟和氯化钆和油酸与十二烷基硫醇溶于十八烯中,升温至160~210℃,然后注入硫的油胺溶液,保持20分钟,制得Gd元素掺杂的ZnAgInS3量子点,最后加入丙酮或者乙醇致量子点沉淀,进而分散到氯仿或己烷溶剂中,得到提纯的Gd元素掺杂的ZnAgInS3量子点;所述的醋酸银、醋酸锌和醋酸铟的用量按摩尔比为1:1:1,氯化钆的用量为所含的Gd元素与所述的醋酸银中所含的Ag元素按摩尔比为1:10~1:160,硫的用量符合化学计量比,所述的油酸与十二烷基硫醇作为配体用量均符合计量比。
5.根据权利要求4所述的一种Gd元素掺杂的ZnAgInS3量子点的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的硫的油胺溶液的浓度为1mol/L,所述的十八稀的用量为每毫摩尔Ag元素使用50mL。
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