CN104017265A - 一种超高分子量聚乙烯复合管 - Google Patents
一种超高分子量聚乙烯复合管 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及高分子材料领域内一种交联改性的、并保持较高的挤出速度的超高分子聚乙烯复合管,其材料组分的质量比例包括:超高分子量聚乙烯,100份;填充增强剂,1-30份;流动促进剂,1-10份;润滑剂,0.5-3份;成核剂,0.1-2份;复合抗氧剂,0.1-2份;所述复合管通过如下方法制得:将上述质量比例的组份称量后置于高速搅拌机中,在室温下高速搅拌5-8分钟,再在低速搅拌下将搅拌机内的物料升温至40-90℃;经高速搅拌器的观察孔在低速搅拌和恒温40-90℃条件下孔均匀喷洒16-40份的交联剂,再恒温40-90℃下高速搅拌5-8分钟后,停止搅拌,将交联物料降至室温;将交联的物料经单螺杆泵挤出成型,单螺杆泵出口与机头口模连接,并采用模内冷却,最后切割制得超高分子量聚乙烯复合管。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及高分子材料领域,特别涉及一种改性的降低熔融状态下粘度的超高分子聚乙烯复合管。
背景技术
超高分子量聚乙烯一般指粘均分子量大于100万的、具有线型结构的高密度聚乙烯,是一种具有优异综合性能的热塑性工程塑料。由于超高分子量聚乙烯其极高的分子量、线型的分子结构和特殊的分子特性,从而具有其他工程塑料所不具有的综合特性,譬如耐摩擦磨损、耐冲击、耐腐蚀、耐低温、耐压、耐应力开裂、耐溶胀、抗结垢、自润滑和不易粘附等优异性能。因此,超高分子量聚乙烯在粮食、煤矿、化工、纺织、交通运输、电气、体育和医疗等领域得到了广泛的应用。特别地,可把超高分子量聚乙烯制成管材来排水、通风、输送粮食、粉体、浆料等,由于其优异的耐磨损、耐腐蚀等性能,从而具有较长的使用寿命。
然而,由于超高分子量具有极大的分子量,其熔融时粘度极大、临界剪切速率极低、熔体流动速率几乎为零,所以很难用一般的方法加工成型,特别是通过螺杆泵挤塑成管道的工艺难度更大。超高分子量聚乙烯的这些缺点使得它在作为管材的应用方面遇到极大地挑战,至今也没有很好的解决。在已有的研究进展中,主要从两个方面来克服超高分子量聚乙烯难挤出的问题:一是采用经过特殊改进的单螺杆泵,即超高分子量聚乙烯挤出专用单螺杆泵及其配套口模,二是对超高分子量聚乙烯进行改性,提高它在熔融状态下的流动能力和临界剪切速率。在实际操作中,往往需要结合上述两个方面的要求。
超高分子量聚乙烯在熔融时呈粘弹态,几乎没有流动性,而且熔体和螺杆与料筒之间的摩擦系数小,因此容易打滑,形成“料塞”,输送困难。根据单螺杆挤出机的固体输送理论,物料与料筒表面的摩擦系数越高、与螺杆表面的摩擦系数越低,越有利于物料的输送。超高分子量聚乙烯专用挤出机汲取了具有自清洁能力的双螺杆挤出机的优点,通过在单螺杆泵的筒体上开几条抛物线形状的“来复线”,用以提高超高分子量聚乙烯熔体和单螺杆泵筒体内表面的摩擦,来避免“料塞”,促进进料。
除了在筒体上开“来复线”促进超高分子量聚乙烯的进料以外,通过单螺杆泵挤塑超高分子量聚乙烯管道还一般选择模具中冷却定型。这种模内冷却定型不需要单独的定型装置,而是在管道挤出口模前进行冷却定型,通常还结合芯棒的冷却以避免熔体收缩而紧抱在芯棒上,造成背压显著增加。
解决超高分子量聚乙烯挤塑成管道的另外一种方法是对其进行物理/化学改性,提高它在熔融状态下的流动能力和临界剪切速率。这种方法的主要思路是通过流动促进剂、微相润滑剂、解缠剂等对纯的超高分子量聚乙烯进行复合、改性,以降低超高分子量聚乙烯在挤出条件下的缠结度和粘度,加快挤出速率。
中国科学院长春应用化学研究所发明了一种超高分子量聚乙烯复合材料(CN 1032175)。该材料有超高分子量聚乙烯、丁苯橡胶、炭黑、过氧化二异丙苯、氧化锌、硬脂酸、抗氧化剂共混交联制得。此材料通过模压成型可用于制造摩擦盘、增速轮。四川大学发明了一种通过双螺杆连续挤出超高分子量聚乙烯复合材料的方法(CN 1438107)。该方法使用了分子量为150-350万超高分子量聚乙烯和流动改进剂、填充增强剂、偶联剂、润滑剂、成核剂、阻燃剂。上述混料经过混炼后加入啮合型同向旋转双螺杆挤出机内连续挤塑,然后进入型材机头,再经成型辅机定型、冷却、牵引、切割装置等常规辅机处理,可获得改性后的超高分子量聚乙烯复合材料产品。但是上述技术中的超高分子聚乙烯熔体状态下的粘度还是偏高,特别是用于挤出加工管材还是很困难,挤出效率很低,并且通过低分子量成分的添加,材料的软化温度也随之降低,不能满足像油田污水回注管柱内衬在高温环境下的使用要求。
发明内容
本发明针对现有技术中超高分子聚乙烯熔融状态下粘度大挤出加工管材难度大的问题,提供一种便于加工并且综合性能好的超高分子量聚乙烯复合管。
本发明的目的是这样实现的,一种超高分子量聚乙烯复合管,所述复合管包括如下质量比例的组分:
(1)粘均分子量为380万—600万,骨架密度0.92-0.95g/cm3,堆密度0.30-0.40g/cm3的超高分子量聚乙烯,100份;
(2)填充增强剂,1-30份;
(3)流动促进剂,1-10份;
(4)润滑剂,0.5-3份;
(5)成核剂,0.1-2份;
(6)复合抗氧剂,0.1-2份;
(7)交联剂16-40份;
所述填充增强剂为莫来石与金钢砂的混合物,粒度为1-20微米;
所述复合管通过如下方法制得:
(A)将所述(1)-(6)组份按比例称量置于高速搅拌机中,在室温下高速搅拌5-8分钟,再在低速搅拌下将搅拌机内的物料升温至40-90℃;
(B)经高速搅拌器的观察孔在低速搅拌和恒温40-90℃条件下均匀喷洒质量为超高分子量聚乙烯质量15—20%交联剂,之后在恒温40-90℃,继续高速搅拌5-8分钟使混合物的交联度为10%-20%,停止搅拌,再将交联物料降至室温;
(C)将(B)步交联的物料经单螺杆泵挤出成型,所述单螺杆泵出口与机头口模连接,并采用模内冷却,最后切割制得超高分子量聚乙烯复合管。
作为本发明的改进,所述交联剂包括如下质量组份:硅烷交联剂1-5份,交联催化剂0.05-0.3份,溶剂15-35份。
为进一步实现可控的交联度,所述硅烷交联剂为乙烯基三(2-甲氧基乙氧基)硅烷,所述交联催化剂为二月桂酸二丁基锡或二月桂酸二正辛基锡,所采用的溶剂为十氢萘、无水乙醇、环己烷或丙酮。
作为本发明的优选方案,所述流动促进剂为聚乙烯蜡、高密度聚乙烯和/或有机硅氧烷。
作为本发明的改进,所述超高分子量聚乙烯混合前经120℃干燥10小时,并在干燥气氛中冷却至室温。干燥的目的是脱除塑料中的水分,以避免在加热成型中产生气泡而引起制成物的缺陷。
作为本发明的改进,所述润滑剂为硬脂酸钙和/或硬脂酸锌。
为进一步提高物料的结晶速度和均匀结晶,所述成核剂为气相二氧化硅或苯甲酸钠。
作为本发明的改进,所述复合抗氧剂为所述复合抗氧剂为四[β-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)丙酸]、季戊四醇脂和/或亚磷三(2,4-二叔丁基苯基)酯的混合物。
为便于复合管的挤出成型,所述单螺杆泵机筒各段的温度为:
(1)进料段温度,90-140℃;
(2)压缩段温度,160-220℃;
(3)均化段温度,190-250℃;
(4)出料段温度,200-250℃;
所述单螺杆泵机头各段的温度为:
(1)过渡段温度,200-250℃。
(2)分流段温度,190-250℃。
(3)成型段温度,180-240℃。
(4)冷却段温度,150-190℃。
本发明超高分子量聚乙烯复合管在硅烷及其催化剂存在的条件下,(1)通过化学交联的方法,使得线型的超高分子量聚乙烯分子间成键,形成超高分子量聚乙烯分子的三维网络结构,从而提高了超高分子量聚乙烯的软化温度;(2)因交联度过高,会使物料的熔体流动性变差,不利于挤出成型,本发明中通过试验研究发现,交联度控制在10-20%的时候,样品既保持较高的软化温度和硬度,还具有较好的熔体流动能力,本发明中通过控制交联剂的用量和交联条件以控制物料合适的交联度;从而保证组合物较高的挤出速度和产品较高的的软化温度;(3) 通过填充耐腐蚀、耐高温和膨胀系数小的无机纳米填料莫来石与金钢砂,并利用了纳米材料比表面积大,表面能高的特点,原料结合点多且紧密,从而限制了原料高分子量的运动,因此起到物理交联的作用,提高了改性物料的维卡软化温度和机械强度等性能;(4)为了保证交联改性的超高分子量聚乙烯组合物能够通过专用的单螺杆泵能够挤出成型,发明在交联改性的同时还向组合物中掺入流动促进剂,以改善组合物熔体在挤出条件下的粘度。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例详细说明本发明。(实施例的中涉及数值范围的参数取值主要包括两端点值的实施例,数值范围中间值的实施例,及以此优选的实施例。
实施例1
取100份粘均分子量为380万超高分子量聚乙烯,使用前经120℃干燥10小时后自然冷却至室温,另取0.5份莫来石,0.5份金刚砂,1份分子量为5000的聚乙烯蜡,0.5份硬脂酸钙,0.1份气相二氧化硅,0.3份四[β-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)丙酸,0.1份季戊四醇脂和0.1份亚磷酸三(2,4-二叔丁基苯基)酯置于高速搅拌器中,在室温高速搅拌5分钟,在低速搅拌状态下将高速搅拌器内物料升温至40℃,然后经高速搅拌机的观察孔在低速搅拌和40℃恒温条件下均匀喷洒交联剂,其中交联剂为1份硅烷、0.05份的二月桂酸二丁基锡(交联催化剂)与15份丙酮的混合液。交联剂喷洒结束后再在40℃条件下高速搅拌5分钟,然后再低速搅拌至丙酮完全挥发,再将混合物料降至室温通过单螺杆泵挤出成型,单螺杆泵出口与机头口模相接,采用模内冷却,其中超高分子量聚乙烯组合物料挤出所用的单螺杆泵机筒的温度为:进料段温度90℃;压缩段温度160℃,均化段温度,190℃;出料段温度200℃;单螺杆泵机头模口各段的温度为:过渡段温度,200℃,分流段温度190℃,成型段温度180℃,冷却段温度,150℃。最后切割得到φ100×3.5的超高分子量聚乙烯管道。经取样检测管道的各项性能参数如表1所示。
实施例2
取100份粘均分子量为600万超高分子量聚乙烯,使用前经120℃干燥10小时后自然冷却至室温,另取15份莫来石,15份金刚砂,10份分子量为10万的高密度聚乙烯,3份硬脂酸锌,0.5份气相二氧化硅,1.5份四[β-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)丙酸,1份季戊四醇脂和1份亚磷酸三(2,4-二叔丁基苯基)酯置于高速搅拌器中,在室温高速搅拌8分钟,在低速搅拌状态下将高速搅拌器内物料升温至90℃,然后经高速搅拌机的观察孔在低速搅拌和90℃恒温条件下均匀喷洒交联剂,其中交联剂为5份硅烷、0.3份的二月桂酸二正辛基锡(交联催化剂)与35份无水乙醇的混合液。交联剂喷洒结束后再在90℃条件下高速搅拌8分钟,然后再低速搅拌至无水乙醇溶剂完全挥发,再将混合物料降至室温通过单螺杆泵挤出成型,单螺杆泵出口与机头口模相接,采用模内冷却,其中超高分子量聚乙烯组合物料挤出所用的单螺杆泵机筒的温度为:进料段温度140℃;压缩段温度220℃,均化段温度,240℃;出料段温度250℃;单螺杆泵机头模口各段的温度为:过渡段温度,250℃,分流段温度245℃,成型段温度240℃,冷却段温度,190℃。最后切割得到φ50×3.5的超高分子量聚乙烯管道。经取样检测管道的各项性能参数如表1所示。
实施例3
取100份粘均分子量为500万超高分子量聚乙烯,使用前经120℃干燥10小时后自然冷却至室温,另取10份莫来石,5份金刚砂,5份分子量为30万的高密度聚乙烯,2份硬脂酸锌,0.5份气相二氧化硅,1份四[β-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)丙酸,0.5份季戊四醇脂和0.5份亚磷酸三(2,4-二叔丁基苯基)酯置于高速搅拌器中,在室温高速搅拌6分钟,在低速搅拌状态下将高速搅拌器内物料升温至70℃,然后经高速搅拌机的观察孔在低速搅拌和70℃恒温条件下均匀喷洒交联剂,其中交联剂为3份硅烷、0.15份的二月桂酸二正辛基锡(交联催化剂)与25份环己烷的混合液。交联剂喷洒结束后再在70℃条件下高速搅拌7分钟,然后再低速搅拌至环己烷溶剂完全挥发,再将混合物料降至室温通过单螺杆泵挤出成型,单螺杆泵出口与机头口模相接,采用模内冷却,其中超高分子量聚乙烯组合物料挤出所用的单螺杆泵机筒的温度为:进料段温度115℃;压缩段温度190℃,均化段温度,220℃;出料段温度230℃;单螺杆泵机头模口各段的温度为:过渡段温度,230℃,分流段温度220℃,成型段温度210℃,冷却段温度,170℃。最后切割得到φ64×3.5的超高分子量聚乙烯管道。经取样检测管道的各项性能参数如表1所示。
实施例4
取100份粘均分子量为420万超高分子量聚乙烯,使用前经120℃干燥10小时后自然冷却至室温,另取5份莫来石,1份分子量为2000的聚乙烯蜡,2份硬脂酸钙,0.5份气相二氧化硅,0.3份四[β-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)丙酸,0.2份季戊四醇脂和0.1份亚磷酸三(2,4-二叔丁基苯基)酯置于高速搅拌器中,在室温高速搅拌7分钟,在低速搅拌状态下将高速搅拌器内物料升温至60℃,然后经高速搅拌机的观察孔在低速搅拌和60℃恒温条件下均匀喷洒交联剂,其中交联剂为3份硅烷、0.15份的二月桂酸二正辛基锡(交联催化剂)与25份十氢萘的混合液。交联剂喷洒结束后再在60℃条件下高速搅拌7分钟,然后再低速搅拌至十氢萘溶剂完全挥发,再将混合物料降至室温通过单螺杆泵挤出成型,单螺杆泵出口与机头口模相接,采用模内冷却,其中超高分子量聚乙烯组合物料挤出所用的单螺杆泵机筒的温度为:进料段温度130℃;压缩段温度200℃,均化段温度,215℃;出料段温度220℃;单螺杆泵机头模口各段的温度为:过渡段温度,220℃,分流段温度215℃,成型段温度210℃,冷却段温度,165℃。最后切割得到φ64×3.5的超高分子量聚乙烯管道。经取样检测管道的各项性能参数如表1所示。
实施例5
取100份粘均分子量为390万超高分子量聚乙烯,使用前经120℃干燥10小时后自然冷却至室温,另取1份莫来石,1份分子量为3000的聚乙烯蜡,2份硬脂酸钙,0.5份硬脂酸锌,0.5份本甲酸钠,0.3份四[β-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)丙酸,0.2份季戊四醇脂和0.1份亚磷酸三(2,4-二叔丁基苯基)酯置于高速搅拌器中,在室温高速搅拌7分钟,在低速搅拌状态下将高速搅拌器内物料升温至60℃,然后经高速搅拌机的观察孔在低速搅拌和60℃恒温条件下均匀喷洒交联剂,其中交联剂为3份硅烷、0.15份的二月桂酸二正辛基锡(交联催化剂)与25份十氢萘的混合液。交联剂喷洒结束后再在60℃条件下高速搅拌7分钟,然后再低速搅拌至十氢萘溶剂完全挥发,再将混合物料降至室温通过单螺杆泵挤出成型,单螺杆泵出口与机头口模相接,采用模内冷却,其中超高分子量聚乙烯组合物料挤出所用的单螺杆泵机筒的温度为:进料段温度130℃;压缩段温度200℃,均化段温度,215℃;出料段温度220℃;单螺杆泵机头模口各段的温度为:过渡段温度,220℃,分流段温度215℃,成型段温度210℃,冷却段温度,165℃。最后切割得到φ64×3.5的超高分子量聚乙烯管道。经取样检测管道的各项性能参数如表1所示。
表1
从表1结果显示,本发明中通过对超高分子量聚乙烯材料添加、交联和改性后通过单螺杆泵可以挤出加工外径为50--100mm、壁厚2.5-4mm的管道,并且管道的软化温度高,耐热腐蚀性、机械强度好,并且通过改性使组合物熔体粘度降低,流动性能好,挤压加工速率明显提高。
Claims (9)
1.一种超高分子量聚乙烯复合管,其特征在于,所述复合管包括如下质量比例的组分:
(1)粘均分子量为380万—600万,骨架密度为0.92-0.95g/cm3,堆密度为0.30-0.40g/cm3的超高分子量聚乙烯,100份;
(2)填充增强剂,1-30份;
(3)流动促进剂,1-10份;
(4)润滑剂,0.5-3份;
(5)成核剂,0.1-2份;
(6)复合抗氧剂,0.1-2份;
(7)交联剂16-40份;
所述填充增强剂为莫来石和金刚砂的混合物,粒度为1-20微米;所述复合管通过如下方法制得:
将所述(1)-(6)组份按比例称量置于高速搅拌机中,在室温下高速搅拌5-8分钟,再在低速搅拌下将搅拌机内的物料升温至40-90℃;
经高速搅拌器的观察孔在低速搅拌和恒温40-90℃条件下孔均匀喷洒交联剂,之后在恒温40-90℃,继续高速搅拌5-8分钟使混合物的交联度为10%—20%,然后停止搅拌,将交联物料降至室温;
将(B)步交联的物料经单螺杆泵挤出成型,所述单螺杆泵出口与机头口模连接,并采用模内冷却,最后切割制得超高分子量聚乙烯复合管。
2.根据权利要求1所述的超高分子量聚乙烯复合管,其特征在于,所述交联剂包括如下质量组份的混合液:硅烷交联剂1-5份,交联催化剂0.05-0.3份,溶剂15-35份。
3.根据权利要求2所述的超高分子量聚乙烯复合管,其特征在于,所述硅烷交联剂为乙烯基三(2-甲氧基乙氧基)硅烷,所述交联催化剂为二月桂酸二丁基锡或二月桂酸二正辛基锡,所采用的溶剂为十氢萘、无水乙醇、环己烷或丙酮。
4.根据权利要求1所述的超高分子量聚乙烯复合管,其特征在于,所述流动促进剂为聚乙烯蜡、高密度聚乙烯和/或有机硅氧烷。
5.根据权利要求1所述的超高分子量聚乙烯复合管,其特征在于,所述超高分子量聚乙烯混合前经120℃干燥10小时,并在干燥气氛中冷却至室温。
6.根据权利要求1所述的超高分子量聚乙烯复合管,其特征在于,所述润滑剂为硬脂酸钙和/或硬脂酸锌。
7.根据权利要求1所述的超高分子量聚乙烯复合管,其特征在于,所述成核剂为气相二氧化硅或苯甲酸钠。
8.根据权利要求1所述的超高分子量聚乙烯复合管,其特征在于,所述复合抗氧剂为四[β-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)丙酸]、季戊四醇脂和/或亚磷三(2,4-二叔丁基苯基)酯的混合物。
9.根据权利要求1—8任一项所述的超高分子量聚乙烯复合管,其特征在于,所述单螺杆泵机筒各段的温度为:
(1)进料段温度,90-140℃;
(2)压缩段温度,160-220℃;
(3)均化段温度,190-250℃;
(4)出料段温度,200-250℃;
所述单螺杆泵机头各段的温度为:
(1)过渡段温度,200-250℃;
(2)分流段温度,190-250℃;
(3)成型段温度,180-240℃;
(4)冷却段温度,150-190℃。
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CN111497184A (zh) * | 2020-04-30 | 2020-08-07 | 上海化工研究院有限公司 | 一种控制超高分子量聚乙烯制品尺寸精确度的方法 |
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