The equipment and methods for using them of the two film desalinations of pressure field and electric field synergistic effect
Technical field
The invention belongs to environmental protection and field of energy-saving technology, relate to a kind of haline water desalting treatment equipment, be specifically related to the equipment and methods for using them of the two film desalinations of a kind of pressure field and electric field synergistic effect.
Background technology
Current, along with urbanization and industrialized expansion rapidly, Economic development is rapid.For the high-concentrated saline water of each large enterprises discharge, environment has been caused to great harm, the high salt in water has caused hydrobiont living environment to change, and water quality deterioration is biological death even.In addition, along with the increase of water demand, shortage of fresh water, has to spend large cost, seawater or brackish water desalination are carried out in high investment, to meet the demand of life and process water.No matter be haline water desalination or seawater or brackish water desalination in waste water, all need respective handling technique or facility to come, except anhydrating middle salinity, to reach water demand object.
At present, desalination technology mainly contains evaporation, electrodialysis, reverse osmosis etc.Evaporation is used for the brackish water desalination higher than 10%, but the high bottleneck that is still of energy consumption; Electrodialysis and reverse osmosis can be applicable to the desalination of middle lower concentration (lower than 5%) brackish water.Electrodialysis desalination technology relates generally to two processes, and the one, the mobility of ion, the 2nd, the selection transmitance of film, two kinds of processes are all subject to the impact of strength of electric field, and the waterpower state between film is also one of influence factor simultaneously.Electrodialysis desalination technology easily produces concentration polarization phenomenon in operational process, and the rate of recovery of water is low, and desalting efficiency also needs to improve.The feature of reverse osmosis is to bring into play function compared with under low operating pressure, affected by the factors such as pH value, temperature less, and desalting efficiency can reach more than 98 ~ 99%, but the problem such as it is difficult to exist dense water resources, and film is seriously polluted, facility operation maintenance cost height.
Although electrodialysis and reverse osmosis can loss-rate in the past the several years reduced, due to problem still exist more, for haline water desalination problem, still not more perfect technique and method at present.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is: while use separately due to reverse osmosis or ion selective membrane, and single pressure field or the electric field action of formula only depending on, the rate of recovery of water is low, and energy consumption is high, and film is seriously polluted, and equipment complexity in reality.
Technical scheme of the present invention, an equipment for the two film desalinations of pressure field and electric field synergistic effect, this equipment comprises housing, reverse osmosis membrane, anionic membrane, cationic membrane, the convertible battery lead plate of negative and positive polarity, freshwater room rising pipe, dense hydroecium rising pipe, reverse osmosis water outlet pipe, freshwater room, dense hydroecium, reverse osmosis water outlet gallery, housing
Reverse osmosis water outlet catchment area in the water inlet buffer zone of interior upper end, reaction zone and the housing at the interior middle part of housing; Described housing is rectangular shape, and upper end closed leaves water-in; Described negative and positive level battery lead plate is placed in the both sides that housing inherence is parallel to the broadside of rectangular parallelepiped, and described infiltration water outlet gallery is the interval between adjacent two reverse osmosis diaphragms; The reaction zone at middle part is the interval between adjacent two groups of reverse osmosis membranes and between reverse osmosis membrane and inner walls in described housing; In described reaction zone, be parallel to the long limit of housing rectangular parallelepiped, reverse osmosis membrane is placed at interval; Two adjacent reverse osmosis membranes form one group, and described anionic membrane, cationic membrane and reverse osmosis membrane vertical interlaced are inlaid between two groups of reverse osmosis membranes and between reverse osmosis membrane and inner walls; Form multiple reaction lattice chamber by anionic membrane, cationic membrane, reverse osmosis membrane and housing; Form the effect of electric field by the convertible battery lead plate of negative and positive polarity, zwitterion is anode and movable cathode respectively, makes to be staggered to form in equipment dense hydroecium and freshwater room; Dense hydroecium below arranges dense hydroecium rising pipe, and freshwater room below arranges freshwater room rising pipe, and described reverse osmosis water outlet gallery directly passes into reverse osmosis water outlet catchment area, and below, reverse osmosis water outlet catchment area arranges reverse osmosis water outlet pipe.
The height of described anionic membrane, cationic membrane is identical with reaction zone height, and the spacing between the wide and two adjacent groups reverse osmosis membrane of film equates.
Upper end in housing, described water inlet buffer zone, is 1/10 of housing volume, and lower end in housing, described reverse osmosis water outlet catchment area is 1/10 of housing volume, and described reaction zone is middle part in housing, is 2/5 of housing volume.
The convertible battery lead plate of described negative and positive polarity adopts titanium ruthenium electrode plate, and multipair electrode can be set, and many group ionic membrane assemblies can be set between every pair of electrode, and ratio of desalinization and the efficiency of quantity basis design are determined.
A method of applying aforesaid device, is characterized in, the method is:
The high pressure that haline water adds by pump the osmotic pressure that is greater than reverse osmosis membrane enters aforesaid device, makes the convertible battery lead plate energising of negative and positive polarity simultaneously, haline water reacts lattice chamber in water inlet buffer zone uniformly distributing to each, from top to bottom flow into reaction zone, in each reaction lattice chamber, due to the effect of the convertible battery lead plate formation of negative and positive polarity electric field, positively charged ion sees through cationic membrane to cathodic migration, negatively charged ion sees through the migration of anionic membrane anode, make to be staggered to form in equipment dense hydroecium and freshwater room, dense hydroecium water outlet collects and former water mixed cycle access arrangement through overrich hydroecium rising pipe, freshwater room water outlet is directly collected utilization through freshwater room rising pipe, simultaneously due to the effect by pump mineralization pressure field, solvent separates through reverse osmosis membrane and permeates to reverse osmosis water outlet gallery from solution, finally collect in reverse osmosis water outlet catchment area, discharged by reverse osmosis water outlet pipe, after reaction 2 ~ 8h, convert the convertible battery lead plate polarity of negative and positive polarity, continue reaction.
Beneficial effect of the present invention
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1. this invention directly arranges by reverse osmosis membrane and zwitterion costal fold, form reaction compartment, realized reverse osmosis process and electrodialysis process and carried out simultaneously, and by the whole reaction while in pressure field and electric field, improve waste water desalination effect, solved the problem of equipment complexity in reality.
2. this invention strengthens electrodialysis effect by pressure field effect, can accelerate ion mobility, and after reverse osmosis process separation solvent, strength of solution is increased, and is more beneficial to the migration of electrodialysis process zwitterion.Than single electrodialysis, under identical desalination effect, the time of the reaction that this invention needs is short, and energy consumption is low.
3. this invention has promoted the migration of waste water intermediate ion by electric field action, has reduced Solvent migration resistance in reverse osmosis process, than single reverse osmosis process, can improve the water rate of recovery, reduces energy consumption.And due to the transformation of electric field electrode, ion migration conversion, makes the each component of waste water have a mobile power, thereby has improved the problem that reverse osmosis membrane pollutes.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is present device two dimensional structure schematic diagram;
Fig. 2 is that the 1-1 of Fig. 1 is to dissecing structural representation;
Fig. 3 is that the 2-2 of Fig. 1 is to dissecing structural representation.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
Shown in Fig. 1-3, the equipment of the two film desalinations of a kind of pressure field and electric field synergistic effect, this equipment comprises housing 1, reverse osmosis water outlet catchment area 14, the housing 15 in reaction zone 13 and the housing at middle part in the water inlet buffer zone 12 of upper end, housing in reverse osmosis membrane 2, anionic membrane 3, cationic membrane 4, the convertible battery lead plate 5 of negative and positive polarity, freshwater room rising pipe 6, dense hydroecium rising pipe 7, reverse osmosis water outlet pipe 8, freshwater room 9, dense hydroecium 10, reverse osmosis water outlet gallery 11, housing; Described housing is rectangular shape, and upper end closed leaves water-in; Described negative and positive level battery lead plate 5 is placed in the both sides that housing inherence is parallel to the broadside of rectangular parallelepiped, and described infiltration water outlet gallery 11 is the interval between adjacent two reverse osmosis diaphragms; The reaction zone 13 at middle part is the interval between adjacent two groups of reverse osmosis membranes and between reverse osmosis membrane and inner walls in described housing; In described reaction zone 13, be parallel to the long limit of housing rectangular parallelepiped, reverse osmosis membrane 2 is placed at interval; Two adjacent reverse osmosis membranes form one group, and described anionic membrane 3, cationic membrane 4 and reverse osmosis membrane vertical interlaced are inlaid between two groups of reverse osmosis membranes and between reverse osmosis membrane and inner walls; Formed multiple anti-by anionic membrane, cationic membrane, reverse osmosis membrane and housing
Answer lattice chamber; Form the effect of electric field by the convertible battery lead plate 5 of negative and positive polarity, zwitterion is anode and movable cathode respectively, makes to be staggered to form in equipment dense hydroecium 10 and freshwater room 9; Dense hydroecium 10 belows arrange dense hydroecium rising pipe 7, and freshwater room 9 belows arrange freshwater room rising pipe 6, and described reverse osmosis water outlet gallery 11 directly passes into reverse osmosis water outlet catchment area 14, and 14 belows, reverse osmosis water outlet catchment area arrange reverse osmosis water outlet pipe 8.
Upper end in housing, described water inlet buffer zone 12, is 1/10 of housing volume, and lower end in housing, described reverse osmosis water outlet catchment area 14 is 1/10 of housing volume, and described reaction zone 12 is middle part in housing, is 2/5 of housing volume.
In the present embodiment, the long 260mm of housing, wide 190mm, high 260mm, this size can change according to actual needs.The volume ratio of water inlet buffer zone 12, reaction zone 13, reverse osmosis water outlet catchment area 14 is 1:4:1.
Reverse osmosis membrane 2 adopts maximum the bear reverse osmosis membrane that pressure is 70bar, long 260mm, high 270mm.Reverse osmosis membrane 2 tops are connected with 13 tops, reaction zone, and reverse osmosis water outlet catchment area 10mm is stretched in reverse osmosis membrane 2 lower ends, reverse osmosis membrane 2 two ends, left and right and housing close-coupled.Spacing 10mm between two adjacent films, adjacent reverse osmosis membrane forms one group, spacing 40mm between two groups of adjacent films, reverse osmosis membrane 2 is also 40mm with housing 1 both sides spacing, places 3 groups of (6) reverse osmosis membranes 2 in shell.Perpendicular to reverse osmosis membrane 2, between two groups of reverse osmosis membranes and between reverse osmosis membrane and housing, be inlaid into zwitterion film, be the long 40mm of film, high 260mm, anionic membrane 3 and cationic membrane 4 spacing 40mm, be staggeredly placed, place altogether anionic membrane 3 and each 12 of cationic membrane 4, form 20 with reverse osmosis membrane 2 and housing 1 and react lattice chamber.Four reaction lattice chambers of every row form one group of freshwater room 9 or dense hydroecium 10, and totally five rows have three row's freshwater rooms and the dense hydroecium of two rows, and freshwater room below arranges freshwater room rising pipe 6, and the arm of rising pipe is connected with each reaction lattice chamber of freshwater room.Dense hydroecium below arranges dense hydroecium rising pipe 7, and the arm of rising pipe is connected with each reaction lattice chamber of dense hydroecium.14 belows, reverse osmosis water outlet catchment area arrange reverse osmosis water outlet pipe 8.The convertible battery lead plate 5 of negative and positive polarity adopts titanium ruthenium electrode plate.
The method of applying aforesaid device is that the high pressure that haline water adds by pump the osmotic pressure that is greater than reverse osmosis membrane enters an aforesaid device, makes the convertible battery lead plate 5 of negative and positive polarity switch on simultaneously; Haline water reacts lattice chamber in water inlet buffer zone 12 uniformly distributings to each, from top to bottom flow into reaction zone 13, in each reaction lattice chamber, because the convertible battery lead plate 5 of negative and positive polarity forms the effect of electric field, positively charged ion sees through cationic membrane 4 to cathodic migration, and negatively charged ion sees through anionic membrane 3 anode migrations, makes to be staggered to form in equipment dense hydroecium 10 and freshwater room 9, dense hydroecium 10 water outlets collect and former water mixed cycle access arrangement through overrich hydroecium rising pipe 7, and freshwater room 9 goes out
Water is directly collected and is utilized through freshwater room rising pipe 7, simultaneously due to the effect by pump mineralization pressure field, solvent separates through reverse osmosis membrane 2 and permeates to reverse osmosis water outlet gallery 11 from solution, finally collect in reverse osmosis water outlet catchment area 14, discharged by reverse osmosis water outlet pipe 8, after reaction 2 ~ 8h, convert the convertible battery lead plate of negative and positive polarity (5) polarity, continue reaction.
In order to improve desalting efficiency, reverse osmosis membrane 2, anionic membrane 3 and cationic membrane 4 are formed to reaction lattice chamber, reverse osmosis process and electrodialysis process are carried out simultaneously, and because the whole reaction while in pressure field and electric field, can strengthen electrodialysis effect by pressure field effect, accelerate ion mobility, and reverse osmosis process separates after solvent, strength of solution is increased, more be beneficial to the migration of electrodialysis process zwitterion, so in this equipment running process, more single electrodialysis appts, can shorten conduction time.
Equipment electric field action has promoted the migration of waste water intermediate ion, has reduced Solvent migration resistance in reverse osmosis process, than single reverse osmosis process, can reduce working pressure.And due to the transformation of electric field electrode, ion migration conversion, makes the each component of waste water have a mobile power, has improved the problem that reverse osmosis membrane pollutes, so the back flushing number of times of this equipment film can reduce.
application Example 1
The equipment of a kind of pressure field in embodiment 1 and the two film desalinations of electric field synergistic effect is applied to the haline water of each chemical enterprise generation of processing certain Coal Chemical Industry garden.At room temperature carry out, former water pH is 8 ~ 9, and saltiness is 3500mg/L.Operation of equipment intake pressure is 15bar, and current density is at 10 ~ 20mA/cm
2, the indoor residence time 10min of reaction lattice, the dense water concentration of water outlet is 14000 ~ 15000mg/L, and the ratio of desalinization of fresh-water system is 30% ~ 40%, and the reverse osmosis system rate of recovery is 90%, and ratio of desalinization reaches 98%.Equipment no power, processes under single pressure field, the time that reacting phase is same, the rate of recovery of reverse osmosis system is 79%, and ratio of desalinization reaches 96%, after the use of 1 month, observe reverse osmosis membrane surface with scanning electron microscope, film pollution layer is thinner than single reverse osmosis; Equipment does not pressurize, under single electric field, processes, and reaction same time, the dense water concentration of water outlet is 7000 ~ 8000mg/L, the ratio of desalinization of fresh-water system is in 20% left and right.More known, pressure field effect has strengthened electrodialysis effect, has accelerated ion mobility, and than single electrodialysis, under identical desalination effect, the time of the reaction that this invention needs is short, and energy consumption is low.Meanwhile, electric field action has promoted the migration of waste water intermediate ion, has reduced Solvent migration resistance in reverse osmosis process, than single reverse osmosis process, has improved the water rate of recovery, reduces energy consumption.And due to the transformation of electric field electrode, ion migration conversion, makes the each component of waste water have a mobile power, has improved the problem that reverse osmosis membrane pollutes.