CN103370281A - Electric deionization device for producing deionized water - Google Patents

Electric deionization device for producing deionized water Download PDF

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Publication number
CN103370281A
CN103370281A CN201280008026XA CN201280008026A CN103370281A CN 103370281 A CN103370281 A CN 103370281A CN 201280008026X A CN201280008026X A CN 201280008026XA CN 201280008026 A CN201280008026 A CN 201280008026A CN 103370281 A CN103370281 A CN 103370281A
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deionization
concentration compartments
anionite
water
cell
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CN103370281B (en
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长谷川一哉
佐佐木庆介
浅川友二
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PRGANO CORP
Organo Corp
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
    • B01D61/42—Electrodialysis; Electro-osmosis ; Electro-ultrafiltration; Membrane capacitive deionization
    • B01D61/44—Ion-selective electrodialysis
    • B01D61/445—Ion-selective electrodialysis with bipolar membranes; Water splitting
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/46—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
    • C02F1/469—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrochemical separation, e.g. by electro-osmosis, electrodialysis, electrophoresis
    • C02F1/4693—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrochemical separation, e.g. by electro-osmosis, electrodialysis, electrophoresis electrodialysis
    • C02F1/4695—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrochemical separation, e.g. by electro-osmosis, electrodialysis, electrophoresis electrodialysis electrodeionisation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
    • B01D61/42—Electrodialysis; Electro-osmosis ; Electro-ultrafiltration; Membrane capacitive deionization
    • B01D61/422—Electrodialysis
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
    • B01D61/42—Electrodialysis; Electro-osmosis ; Electro-ultrafiltration; Membrane capacitive deionization
    • B01D61/44—Ion-selective electrodialysis
    • B01D61/46—Apparatus therefor
    • B01D61/48—Apparatus therefor having one or more compartments filled with ion-exchange material, e.g. electrodeionisation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/46—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
    • C02F1/461—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis
    • C02F1/46104—Devices therefor; Their operating or servicing
    • C02F1/46109—Electrodes
    • C02F2001/46128—Bipolar electrodes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
    • C02F2103/02—Non-contaminated water, e.g. for industrial water supply
    • C02F2103/04—Non-contaminated water, e.g. for industrial water supply for obtaining ultra-pure water
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2201/00—Apparatus for treatment of water, waste water or sewage
    • C02F2201/46—Apparatus for electrochemical processes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2201/00—Apparatus for treatment of water, waste water or sewage
    • C02F2201/46—Apparatus for electrochemical processes
    • C02F2201/461—Electrolysis apparatus
    • C02F2201/46105—Details relating to the electrolytic devices
    • C02F2201/4612—Controlling or monitoring
    • C02F2201/46145—Fluid flow
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2303/00—Specific treatment goals
    • C02F2303/22—Eliminating or preventing deposits, scale removal, scale prevention
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
    • Y02A20/124—Water desalination

Abstract

In order to enable the production of high-purity deionized water and inhibit scale formation, an electric device for producing deionized water is provided with at least one desalination treatment unit, said desalination treatment unit being provided between a cathode chamber (E1) and an anode chamber (E2), and being formed from a desalination chamber (D) and a pair of concentration chambers (C1, C2) which are provided on both sides of the desalination chamber (D) and into which an anion exchanger is filled. The desalination chamber (D) is partitioned, by an ion exchange membrane, into a first small desalination chamber (D-1) which is adjacent to one side of one of the concentration chambers (C1), and a second small desalination chamber (D-2) which is adjacent to the other concentration chamber (C2); the anion exchanger is filled into the first small desalination chamber (D-1), and the anion exchanger and a cation exchanger are filled into the second small desalination chamber (D-2) in an order such that the last ion exchanger through which the water which is undergoing treatment passes is the anion exchanger; and on the cathode side of the anion exchanger filled into the second small desalination chamber (D-2) a bipolar membrane (4a) is arranged in an orientation such that the anion exchange membrane surface thereof faces the anion exchanger.

Description

Electric deionizer for the preparation of deionized water
Technical field
The present invention relates to for the preparation of the electric deionizer of deionized water and, more specifically, relate to the structure of deionization chamber.
Background technology
Become known for preparing the deionizer of deionized water, wherein by making water to be dealt with carry out deionization by ion-exchanger.In these preparation facilitiess, when the deionization performance reduces owing to the saturated of ion-exchange group, need with the ion-exchange group in chemical such as acid or the alkali regenerating ion-exchanger.What more specifically, need is respectively with the H that is derived from acid +With the OH that is derived from alkali -Displacement sorption is to negatively charged ion and the positively charged ion of ion-exchange group.In recent years, developed the electric deionizer for the preparation of deionized water that does not need with chemical regeneration, and made it enter practical application to overcome above-described operational deficiencies.
Electric deionizer for the preparation of deionized water is the device that uses electrophoresis and electrodialytic combination.The essential structure of common electric deionizer for the preparation of deionized water is such as following description.In other words, the electric deionizer for the preparation of deionized water has the deionization chamber, is placed on a pair of concentration compartments on the opposition side of deionization chamber, is placed on the anolyte compartment in the outside, a concentration compartments and is placed on the outer field cathode compartment in another concentration compartments.The deionization chamber has anion-exchange membrane respect to one another and cationic exchange membrane and is filled in ion-exchanger (anionite and/or cationite) between these ion-exchange membranees.In the following description, the electric deionizer for the preparation of deionized water is called " deionized water preparation facilities " sometimes for short.
For the deionized water preparation facilities with above-mentioned structure prepares deionized water, make under the state that applies volts DS between the electrode of water to be dealt with in being separately positioned on anode and cathode compartment and pass the deionization chamber.In the deionization chamber, anionic group (for example, Cl -, CO 3 2-, HCO 3 -And SiO 2) caught and cationic components (for example, Na by anionite +, Ca 2+And Mg 2+) caught by cationite.Simultaneously, the water decomposition that occurs at the interface in the deionization chamber between anionite and the cationite is reacted, thereby generates hydrogen ion and hydroxide ion (2H 2O → H ++ OH -).The ion component of being caught by ion-exchanger discharges from ion-exchanger by the displacement to described ion component of hydrogen ion and hydroxide ion.The ion component that discharges passes ion-exchanger by electrophoresis and moves to ion-exchange membrane (anion-exchange membrane or cationic exchange membrane), experience electrodialysis and moving in the concentration compartments in ion-exchange membrane.The ion component that moves in the concentration compartments is discharged by the water that flows in the concentration compartments.
In the electric deionizer for the preparation of deionized water, as mentioned above, hydrogen ion and hydroxide ion serve as the regenerator (bronsted lowry acids and bases bronsted lowry) for regenerating ion-exchanger continuously.Therefore, basically do not need to use the chemical regenerating ion-exchanger, and this device can move continuously.
Yet when the deionized water preparation facilities moved continuously, the hardness component in the water to be dealt with precipitated to produce incrustation scale, such as calcium carbonate and magnesium hydroxide.Especially precipitated scale on the surface of the concentration compartments's side that is inserted in the anion-exchange membrane between cathode compartment and the concentration compartments.Precipitated scale on the surface of the anion-exchange membrane in the concentration compartments between two in the deionization chamber is set in the situation of a plurality of deionizations chamber therein.Its reason is described below.Owing to passing through of the hydroxide ion that is generated by electrolysis in cathode compartment or the hydroxide ion that generated by the water decomposition reaction in the deionization chamber, the anion-exchange membrane surface in the concentration compartments becomes alkalescence.The hardness component (magnesium ion or calcium ion) of passing cationic exchange membrane from the deionization chamber under alkaline condition in the anion-exchange membrane surface reaction to produce calcium hydroxide or magnesium hydroxide.If contain carbanion in the condensed water, further generate calcium carbonate or magnesiumcarbonate.When precipitated scale, resistance of the location of precipitated scale increases on it, and electric current can not easily flow through there.In other words, occur to increase voltage to apply the needs of the current value identical with current value in the situation that does not have incrustation scale, cause the increase on the energy expenditure.Also there is the inhomogeneous possibility of current density in the concentration compartments.In addition, if the amount of incrustation scale further increases, the pressure reduction increase and the resistance that are used for water is passed through further increase.In this case, the mobile of required electric current that remove that is used for ion weakens, and causes the decline on the quality of treated water.Also exist the incrustation scale of growing to penetrate into the possibility of the inside of ion-exchange membrane, cause ion-exchange membrane to damage.
As the method that the above-described incrustation scale of restriction generates, proposed to fill with anionite the inside of concentration compartments.For example, patent documentation 1 discloses a kind of deionized water preparation facilities, and described deionized water preparation facilities has the anionite of the special construction on the anion-exchange membrane side that is placed in the concentration compartments.In this deionized water preparation facilities, OH -The porous anion-exchanger surface that is diffused in to condensed water has obtained the OH that promotes and promptly reduced in this surface -Concentration.On the other hand, hardness component ion is become and be difficult to penetrate porous anion-exchanger.As a result of, OH -With between the hardness component ion contact and the chance of reaction reduces, and limited precipitation and the accumulation of incrustation scale.
Patent documentation 2 discloses a kind of deionized water preparation facilities, wherein in the concentration compartments, be arranged on two different on the water permeate above ion-exchanger layers, and the ion-exchanger layer that will have low water permeate is placed on the anion-exchange membrane side, and the anionresin base is arranged in the surface of layer at least.In this deionized water preparation facilities, when the condensed water that moves away a large amount of hardness component of containing of higher water permeate layer reached low water permeate layer, the power of mobile condensed water reduced.As a result of, stopped the condensed water that contains a large amount of hardness components to the flowing of the surface of concentration compartments's side of anion-exchange membrane, thus precipitation and the accumulation of restriction incrustation scale.
Reference listing
Patent documentation
Patent documentation 1:JP2001-225078A
Patent documentation 2:JP2002-1345A
Yet, in the deionized water preparation facilities, even can by filling the generation that the concentration compartments avoids incrustation scale with anionite, the problem as described below of incrustation scale Generating Problems occur being different from.The carbonic acid that contains in the condensed water and silicon-dioxide pass as the weak acid anion component of representative and are inserted in the ion-exchange membrane between concentration compartments and the deionization chamber and spread in treated water, thereby reduce the purity of treated water.This on the purity of treated water is reduced in the situation that concentration compartments wherein is filled with anionite and occurs more significantly.To specifically describe this problem about the situation with carbonic acid and silicon-dioxide by the mode of example.
Cationic exchange membrane normally optionally only allows the ion-exchange membrane of positively charged ion from wherein passing through.The principle of this function is that film self has negative charge, and applies repulsion to stop negatively charged ion to pass through for the negatively charged ion with negative charge.On the other hand, carbonic acid (carbonic acid gas) and silicon-dioxide are taked the form of the different kinds of ions species in balance in the aqueous solution.
Figure BDA00003635063800031
Under equilibrium state as implied above, the ratio of every kind of ionic species greatly depends on pH and changes.In the zone that pH is low therein, most of carbonic acid and silicon-dioxide are unionized, and in other words, they are as the CO without electric charge 2And SiO 2Exist.
Therefore, even when when using cationic exchange membrane to stop the trial of transmission of carbonic acid and silicon-dioxide in low pH zone, these molecules easily pass cationic exchange membrane, because effectively do not play a role based on the repulsion of negative charge.
This describes particularly with reference to Fig. 6.The C2 of concentration compartments is placed on the cathode side of deionization chamber D, between them, is inserted with cationic exchange membrane.The C1 of concentration compartments is placed on the anode side of deionization chamber D, is inserted with anion-exchange membrane between them.Deionization chamber D is filled with cationite and anionite, and the C1 of concentration compartments and C2 are filled with anionite simultaneously.Treated water is discharged system by deionization chamber D.
Pass cationite by the cationic components transmission in water to be dealt with, by a large amount of hydrogen ion (H of water decomposition reaction generation +) move to the C2 of concentration compartments from deionization chamber D.Because the C2 of concentration compartments is filled with anionite, discharge simultaneously the hydrogen ion (H that passes cationic exchange membrane in the surface of the concentration compartments of cationic exchange membrane side +).In other words, the state on the surface of concentration compartments's side of cationic exchange membrane becomes rich hydrogen ion (H +) state (i.e. low pH state).On the other hand, the carbonic acid that contains in the condensed water and silicon-dioxide are (although illustrate in the drawings carbonic acid, also be same for silicon-dioxide) caught by the anionite in the C1 of concentration compartments and C2 as ion, and pass anionite by transmission and move to the cationic exchange membrane surface.Cationic exchange membrane surface in the C2 of concentration compartments, the concentration of carbonic acid and silicon-dioxide increase and pH reduces.As a result of, because the unionization under low pH condition of carbonic acid and silicon-dioxide, they are losing electric charge and passing cationic exchange membrane to spread water to be dealt with after anionite discharges.
Two deionization chambers (D1 and D2) are set in the deionized water preparation facilities shown in Fig. 7.In the situation that thereby a plurality of deionizations chamber is set, not only in condensed water, originally contained carbonic acid and silicon-dioxide, and the carbonic acid that contains in the water to be dealt with and silicon-dioxide move to the concentration compartments from the deionization chamber.Therefore, in the concentration compartments concentration of carbonic acid and silicon-dioxide increase and the purity of the treated water that causes owing to their mixing in the deionization chamber on reduction significantly larger (although shown in the drawings carbonic acid, being equally applicable to silicon-dioxide).
Summary of the invention
An object of the present invention is to prepare high-purity deionized water, limit simultaneously the generation of incrustation scale.
According to an aspect of the present invention, a kind of electric deionizer for the preparation of deionized water is provided, described electric deionizer for the preparation of deionized water comprises at least one deionization processing unit, described at least one deionization processing unit is arranged between cathode compartment respect to one another and the anolyte compartment, described deionization processing unit comprises deionization chamber and a pair of concentration compartments, described a pair of concentration compartments is adjacent with the deionization chamber, places and be filled with anionite at its opposition side.The deionization chamber is separated into by ion-exchange membrane: the first deionization cell adjacent with in the described a pair of concentration compartments one and with described a pair of concentration compartments in another second adjacent deionization cell.The first deionization cell is filled with anionite.The second deionization cell is filled with anionite and cationite in turn, so that water to be dealt with is described anionite from its ion-exchanger that passes through finally.In addition, bipolar membrane is placed on the cathode side of the anionite of filling the second deionization cell, simultaneously with it directed so that its anion-exchange membrane surface to anionite.
The deionization chamber is separated into two.Yet the behavior of ion is basically with identical in the situation of the deionization chamber that exists as a chamber that does not have separation.
In the above description, when a part of anionic group that exists in the concentration compartments on the cathode side such as carbonic acid and silicon-dioxide move in the second deionization cell by passing ion-exchange membrane, the anionic group of part is caught by the anionite in the second deionization cell and is moved to concentration compartments on the anode side by the first deionization cell.Therefore, the carbonic acid that exists in the concentration compartments, silicon-dioxide and the indiffusion in treated water of other components.Equally, bipolar membrane promotes moisture from the suitable distribution of reaction and realization current density.
According to the present invention, therefore realized a kind ofly can preparing high-purity deionized water, limit simultaneously the electric deionizer for the preparation of deionized water that incrustation scale generates.
The accompanying drawing summary
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram that shows according to an example of the embodiment of the electric deionizer for the preparation of deionized water of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the enlarged view of the deionization chamber shown in Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 (a) is to show in embodiment 1 and the comparative example 1 to 3 in the second deionization cell the schematic diagram of the arrangement of bipolar membrane in the presence/absence of bipolar membrane and the second deionization cell to 3 (d).
Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram that shows according to another example of the electric deionizer for the preparation of deionized water of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is the schematic diagram that shows according to again another example of the electric deionizer for the preparation of deionized water of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is the figure that shows the principle of the diffusion the carbonic acid component is from condensed water to water to be dealt with.
Fig. 7 shows that the carbonic acid component diffuses to the schematic diagram of the principle the water to be dealt with again from treated water.
Embodiment describes in detail
(embodiment 1)
An example according to the embodiment of the electric deionizer for the preparation of deionized water of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
Fig. 1 is the figure that schematically shows according to the structure of the deionized water preparation facilities of the present embodiment.In the deionized water preparation facilities shown in Fig. 1, the deionization processing unit is arranged between the cathode compartment E1 that is provided with negative electrode and the E2 of anolyte compartment that is set to anode.This deionization processing unit is comprised of deionization chamber D and a pair of C1 of concentration compartments and C2 adjacent with deionization chamber D, that place at its opposition side.In the following description, the C1 of concentration compartments adjacent with the E2 of anolyte compartment among a pair of C1 of concentration compartments and the C2 is called " the first C1 of concentration compartments ", and the C2 of concentration compartments that will be adjacent with cathode compartment E1 is called " the second C2 of concentration compartments ", thereby a pair of C1 of concentration compartments and C2 are distinguished from each other.Yet this differentiation is only made for simplified characterization.
In this embodiment, deionization chamber D is separated into two deionization cells.More specifically, deionization chamber D is separated into the first deionization cell D-1 adjacent with the first C1 of concentration compartments and the second deionization cell D-2 adjacent with the second C2 of concentration compartments.
Above-mentioned chamber forms by with a plurality of ion-exchange membranees the inside of framework 1 being divided into a lot of spaces, and these chambers are adjacent one another are, between have ion-exchange membrane.The arrangement of chamber is according to as described below from the order of cathode compartment E1 in the arrangement.In other words, cathode compartment E1 is adjacent with the second C2 of concentration compartments, is inserted with the first anion-exchange membrane a1 between them.The second C2 of concentration compartments is adjacent with the second deionization cell D-2, is inserted with the first cationic exchange membrane c1 between them.The second deionization cell D-2 is adjacent with the first deionization cell D-1, is inserted with the second anion-exchange membrane a2 between them.The first deionization cell D-1 is adjacent with the first C1 of concentration compartments, is inserted with trianion exchange membrane a3 between them.The first C1 of concentration compartments is adjacent with the E2 of anolyte compartment, wherein is inserted with the second cationic exchange membrane c2 between them.
In the following description, with it anion-exchange membrane that deionization chamber D is separated into the first deionization cell D-1 and the second deionization cell D-2 is called as " intermediate-ion exchange membrane " sometimes, in order to distinguish with other ion-exchange membranees.Yet this differentiation is only made for simplified characterization.
Negative electrode is contained among the cathode compartment E1.Negative electrode is the form of wire netting or plate.For example, can use the parts made by the stainless steel of net or plate form as negative electrode.
Anode is contained among the E2 of anolyte compartment.Anode is wire netting or plate.If water to be dealt with contains Cl -, generate chlorine at anode.Therefore, suitable is to use for the chlorine corrosion-resistant material to be used for anode.The example of this material for anode is metal such as platinum, palladium or iridium, perhaps is coated with any the titanium in these metals.
Electrode water is provided to cathode compartment E1 and the E2 of anolyte compartment.With electrode water near electrode electrolysis to produce hydrogen ion or hydroxide ion.Preferably fill cathode compartment E1 and the E2 of anolyte compartment in order to reduce the resistance of deionized water preparation facilities with ion-exchanger.In addition, preferably with anionite such as weak base anion exchanger or strongly basic anionite filling cathode compartment E1.Equally, preferably with cationite such as weakly acidic cation exchanger or the strongly acidic cation exchanger filling E2 of anolyte compartment.
The first C1 of concentration compartments and the second C2 of concentration compartments negatively charged ion or the cationic components to accept to discharge from deionization chamber D is set, and with they discharge systems.The C1 of concentration compartments and C2 are filled with single generation with the restriction incrustation scale of anionite separately.
Fig. 2 is the enlarged view of the deionization chamber D shown in Fig. 1.As shown in Figure 2, the first deionization cell D-1 is filled with single of anionite.The second deionization cell D-2 is filled with the multi-compartment bed of anionite and cationite.Particularly, cationite layer and anionite layer are stacked along the direction that water to be dealt with passes through.More specifically, the cationite layer is placed on upstream side in the water direction of passage, simultaneously the anionite layer is placed on the downstream side in the water direction of passage.In other words, flow into the water to be dealt with among the second deionization cell D-2, passed in turn cationite layer and anionite layer.In other words, with anionite layer and cationite layer stacked above one another, so that water to be dealt with is the anionite layer from its ion-exchanger layer that passes through finally among the second deionization cell D-2.
In addition, bipolar membrane is placed among the second deionization cell D-2.More specifically, bipolar membrane 4a is placed between the anionite (anionite layer) and the first cationic exchange membrane c1 of filling the second deionization cell D-2.Bipolar membrane is by with the bonded to each other and ion-exchange membrane that integrally form of anion-exchange membrane and cationic exchange membrane, and has so that the linkage interface place between anion-exchange membrane and cationic exchange membrane promotes moisture from the characteristic of reaction consumingly.As shown in Figure 2, bipolar membrane 4a is arranged on the orientation that makes its anion-exchange membrane 2 face anionite (anionite layer).
Refer again to Fig. 1, example have an integrally-built framework 1.Yet, in reality, a plurality of frameworks that separate are offered described chamber and placement closer to each other.If framework 1 has insulating property and do not allow water to be dealt with to spill, do not limit especially the material of framework 1.The example of the material of framework 1 can comprise resin such as polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride, ABS, polycarbonate and m-PPE (polyphenylene oxide of modification).
In order to be conducive to understanding of the present invention, the main flow path of water to be dealt with and condensed water in the deionized water preparation facilities shown in Fig. 1 will be listed in advance.After passing RO (reverse osmosis) film, with water extraction to be dealt with for to the first deionization cell D-1 and pass deionization cell D-1.With the water extraction to be dealt with of passing the first deionization cell D-1 for to the second deionization cell D-2 and after passing deionization cell D-2 the discharge system.On the other hand, provide to the first C1 of concentration compartments and the second C2 of concentration compartments condensed water is parallel, and after passing these concentration compartmentss the discharge system.
Several runners U1 to U3 is set, and L1 and L2, by described runner so that water to be dealt with and condensed water flow as mentioned above.The end of the runner U1 that describes on the deionized water preparation facilities in Fig. 1 is connected to be used to the side that provides that water to be dealt with is provided, and the other end of runner U1 is connected to the first deionization cell D-1.The end of the runner L1 that describes under in the deionized water preparation facilities is connected to the first deionization cell D-1, and the other end of runner L1 is connected to the second deionization cell D-2.The end of the runner U2 that describes on the deionized water preparation facilities is connected to the second deionization cell D-2, and the other end of runner U2 is connected to be used to the discharge side of discharging water to be dealt with.
The end of the runner U3 that describes on the deionized water preparation facilities in Fig. 1 is connected to be used to the side that provides that condensed water is provided.The other end of runner U3 is divided into two branches at intermediate point, and described two branches are connected to respectively the first C1 of concentration compartments and the second C2 of concentration compartments.The runner L2 that describes under the deionized water preparation facilities at one end has the branch that is connected to respectively the first C1 of concentration compartments and the second C2 of concentration compartments.These branches merge into a runner at intermediate point, and a described runner is connected to for the discharge side of discharging condensed water.
Unshowned be used to electrode water is provided runner and the runner that the electrode water that provides be used for to be provided be connected to respectively cathode compartment E1 and the E2 of anolyte compartment.
Now description had operation and the function of the deionized water preparation facilities of above-mentioned structure.Condensed water is provided to the first C1 of concentration compartments and the second C2 of concentration compartments from runner U3, and discharge by runner L2.Electrode water is provided to cathode compartment E1 and the E2 of anolyte compartment from unshowned runner, and electrode water is discharged by unshowned runner.Between anode and negative electrode, apply predetermined direct current voltage.
Under these conditions, water to be dealt with is provided to the first deionization cell D-1 from runner U1.With anionic group (for example, the Cl in the water to be processed that provides -, CO 3 2-, HCO 3 -And SiO 2) in the process of water to be dealt with by the first deionization cell D-1, catch.It is adjacent with the first deionization cell D-1 that the anionic group of catching in the first deionization cell D-1 moves to, and between them, be inserted with among the first C1 of concentration compartments of trianion exchange membrane a3, and discharge system with the condensed water that flows through the first C1 of concentration compartments.
The water to be dealt with that passes the first deionization cell D-1 is provided to the second deionization cell D-2 by runner L1.In the second deionization cell D-2, as mentioned above, that cationite layer and anionite layer is stacked in this order.Therefore, when supplying water extraction to be dealt with to the second deionization cell D-2, water to be dealt with at first passes the cationite layer and passes afterwards the anionite layer.By in the process of cationite layer, catch cationic components (for example, the Na in the water to be dealt with at water to be dealt with +, Ca 2+And Mg 2+).More specifically, the cationic components of being caught by the cationite among the second deionization cell D-2 moves among the second C2 of concentration compartments, and discharge system with the condensed water that flows through the second C2 of concentration compartments, described the second C2 of concentration compartments is adjacent with the second deionization cell D-2, is inserted with the first cationic exchange membrane c1 between them.
In addition, the water to be dealt with that passes the cationite layer among the second deionization cell D-2 passes downstream anionresin layer.At this moment, again catch anionic group (for example, Cl in the water to be dealt with -, CO 3 2-, HCO 3 -And SiO 2).More specifically, the anionic group of being caught by the anionite among the second deionization cell D-2 moves among the first deionization cell D-1, described the first deionization cell D-1 is adjacent with the second deionization cell D-2, is inserted with intermediate-ion exchange membrane a2 between them.The anionic group that moves among the first deionization cell D-1 moves among the first C1 of concentration compartments, and discharge system with the condensed water that flows through the first C1 of concentration compartments, described the first C1 of concentration compartments is adjacent with the first deionization cell D-1, is inserted with trianion exchange membrane a3 between them.
The flow process that deionization was processed during preparation was processed according to the deionized water of the present embodiment as mentioned above.Yet, in the process of above-mentioned processing, provide the part of the anionic group (carbonic acid and silicon-dioxide) that contains to the condensed water of the second C2 of concentration compartments to pass the first cationic exchange membrane c1 and move among the second deionization cell D-2.The principle that carbonic acid and silicon-dioxide pass cationic exchange membrane as described above.Move on the surface of the anode side that carbonic acid the second deionization cell D-2 and silicon-dioxide evenly diffuses throughout the first cationic exchange membrane c1 from the second C2 of concentration compartments.In other words, carbonic acid spreads with the anode-side surface zone of the first cationic exchange membrane c1 that silicon-dioxide contacts with the anionite layer in the second deionization cell D-2, and spread in the zone of the anode-side surface of the first cationic exchange membrane c1 that contacts with the agent of cationic exchange layer in the second deionization cell D-2.Because carbonic acid and silicon-dioxide are not caught by cationite, be diffused in carbonic acid in the surface of anode side of the first cationic exchange membrane c1 and the zone that the cationite layer contacts and silicon-dioxide by passing the cationite layer by mobile the carrying of water to be dealt with.Yet in the second deionization cell D-2, cationite layer and anionite layer are stacked along the direction that water to be dealt with passes through.Therefore, carbonic acid and the silicon-dioxide that passes the cationite layer is again ionized and catches in the anionite layer of downstream, and move among the first deionization cell D-1.Move to carbonic acid among the first deionization cell D-1 and silicon-dioxide and pass trianion exchange membrane a3 and move among the first C1 of concentration compartments, and discharge system with the condensed water of passing the first C1 of concentration compartments.As a result of, the carbonic acid that contains in the condensed water and silicon-dioxide do not spread in water to be dealt with, and do not cause the reduction on the purity of treated water.
Clearly, if cationite layer and anionite layer are stacked in reverse order in the second deionization cell D-2, can not catch in the surface of the anode side that is diffused in the first cationic exchange membrane c1 with zone that the cationite layer contacts on carbonic acid and silicon-dioxide, and the purity drop of treated water.
From top description, should be appreciated that if the downstream layer that is arranged in ion-exchanger among the second deionization cell D-2 stacked is the anionite layer, can obtain above-mentioned effect.In other words, if water to be dealt with is anionite from its ion-exchanger that passes through finally, can obtain above-mentioned effect when passing the second deionization cell D-2.Therefore, restrictively do not specify type, lamination order and the number of the ion-exchanger layer of downstream anionresin layer upstream.For example, can be by so that terminal stage be the layer more than four of the sequential cascade cationite of anionite layer and anionite.
In the deionized water preparation facilities according to the present embodiment, with water to be dealt with at first provide to the first deionization cell D-1 fill with anionite, and with cationite and anionite be layered in this order with water to be dealt with next provide to the second deionization cell D-2 in.Therefore, water to be dealt with first passes anionite.Thereby anionic group is removed from water to be dealt with, and the pH of water to be dealt with increases.
In addition, with the water extraction to be dealt with of passing the first deionization cell D-1 for to wherein with cationite and anionite stacked the second deionization cell D-2 in this order.In other words, the water to be dealt with that has passed the anionite among the first deionization cell D-1 passes cationite afterwards, and again passes anionite.In brief, in the arrangement according to the present embodiment, water to be dealt with passes negatively charged ion and cationite alternately.
When the pH of water to be dealt with was low, the anionic group capture ability of anionite increased, and when the pH of water to be dealt with is high, the cationic components capture ability increase of cationite.At first pass anionite and pass afterwards the arrangement of the present embodiment of positively charged ion alternately and anionite according to water to be dealt with therein, after passing anionite, pass the pH of water to be dealt with of cationite owing to removing of anionic group in the water to be dealt with increases.Therefore, cationite being removed cationic reaction promotes to the degree larger than normal conditions.In addition, after passing cationite, pass the pH of water to be dealt with of anionite owing to removing of cationic components in the water to be dealt with reduced.Therefore, anionite is removed the reaction promotion of negatively charged ion to the degree larger than normal conditions.Therefore, not only realize removing the further raising on the ability of the anionic group that comprises carbonic acid and silicon-dioxide, and realized removing the raising on the ability of cationic components, thereby further improved the purity of treated water.
Pass ion-exchange membrane by the part of the carbonic acid that prevents from containing in the condensed water and silicon-dioxide and diffuse in the water to be dealt with, have the effect of the purity that improves treated water according to the deionized water preparation facilities of the present embodiment.The deionized water preparation facilities also has the ability of the anionic group that comprises carbonic acid and silicon-dioxide that contains in removing of the raising water to be dealt with, and further has the ability of the cationic components that contains in removing of the raising water to be dealt with.
The below will describe the meaning of the setting of bipolar membrane 4a in the D of deionization chamber.In the deionized water preparation facilities, as described above, water is separated by the electric of regenerator as ion-exchanger.The very major part that is applied to the voltage of deionized water preparation facilities is used to moisture from reaction.Therefore, suitable is to promote water separation function in order to realize the low voltage and high current density operation.In this respect, in the D of deionization chamber, have in the deionized water preparation facilities in the present embodiment of bipolar membrane 4a, promoted moisture from reaction so that the low voltage and high current density operation becomes possibility.
In addition, in the deionized water preparation facilities in the present embodiment, will only be arranged between the anionite and ion-exchange membrane (cationic exchange membrane c1) of the second deionization cell D-2 for the bipolar membrane 4a that promotes moisture from reaction.In other words, bipolar membrane is not arranged between the cationite and ion-exchange membrane (cationic exchange membrane c1 and anion-exchange membrane a2) among the second deionization cell D-2.Its implication is as described below.In other words, in the deionized water preparation facilities in the present embodiment with the dissimilar ion-exchanger of the polarity that is layered among the second deionization cell D-2, be used for that minute required superpotential of boiling water changes and the bias current of generation current between every one deck.Owing to said structure, the bias current of electric current becomes more remarkable.More specifically, the electric current that flows through the anionite layer that wherein anionic group is removed increases, and the electric current that flows through simultaneously the cationite layer that wherein cationic components is removed reduces.The amount that this means the relative cationic components that increases and remove of amount of the anionic group that removes reduces relatively.
Yet, to pass at water to be dealt with in a lot of situations of RO film, the amount of cationic components is less than the amount of anionic group.Especially pass in most of situation of RO film more than twice at water to be dealt with, the amount of cationic components is less than the amount of anionic group.Therefore, because the bias current of aforesaid electric current can remove anionic group and cationic components effectively.In other words, the bias current of aforesaid electric current is the distribution that quite suits.
About wherein bipolar membrane being arranged on the configuration on the ion-exchange membrane the present embodiment has been described.Yet, can alternatively use the configuration of wherein part of ion-exchange membrane being replaced with bipolar membrane.Can obtain and above-described those identical function and effects by such configuration.For example, the upper part (part that contacts with anionite) of the cationic exchange membrane c1 shown in Fig. 2 can be replaced with bipolar membrane.
Will be wherein the number of layer laminate of ion-exchanger among the second deionization cell D-2 be set as in the situation more than 4, bipolar membrane can be arranged on each ion-exchange membrane that contacts with anionite.
(compare test 1)
The compare test that the following describes is to confirm effect of the present invention.In other words, be manufactured on four different deionized water preparation facilitiess on the presence/absence of the bipolar membrane among the second deionization cell D-2 shown in Fig. 1 or the placement location.
As shown in Fig. 3 (a), bipolar membrane 4a is arranged among the second deionization cell D-2 in the deionized water preparation facilities (embodiment 1).In addition, bipolar membrane 4a is arranged so that its anion-exchange membrane 2 is in the face of the orientation of anionite (anionite layer).In other words, the deionized water preparation facilities has and the deionization chamber identical according to the deionization chamber in the deionized water preparation facilities of the present embodiment.
As shown in Fig. 3 (b), among the second deionization cell D-2 in the deionized water preparation facilities bipolar membrane (comparative example 1) is not set.
As shown in Fig. 3 (c), the first bipolar membrane 4a and the second bipolar membrane 4b are separately positioned among the second deionization cell D-2 in the deionized water preparation facilities (comparative example 2).In addition, the first bipolar membrane 4a is arranged on so that its anion-exchange membrane 2 is faced the orientation of anionite (anionite layer), and the second bipolar membrane 4b is arranged on so that its cationic exchange membrane 3 is faced the orientation of cationite (cationite layer).
As shown in Fig. 3 (d), the second bipolar membrane 4b (comparative example 3) shown in Fig. 3 (c) only is set among the second deionization cell D-2 in the deionized water preparation facilities.
The condition of this compare test comprises that the speed that technical specification, water pass through and the water type that provides are as follows, and is identical with embodiment 1 and comparative example.CER is that abbreviation and the AER of cationite (Zeo-karb) is the abbreviation of anionite (anionite-exchange resin).
● cathode compartment: be of a size of 100 * 300 * 4mm, be filled with AER
● anolyte compartment: be of a size of 100 * 300 * 4mm, be filled with CER
● the first deionization cell: be of a size of 100 * 300 * 8mm, be filled with AER
● the second deionization cell: be of a size of 100 * 300 * 8mm, be filled with AER/CER (stacked)
● concentration compartments: be of a size of 100 * 300 * 4mm, be filled with AER
● deionization chamber flow velocity: 50L/h
● concentration compartments's flow velocity: 5L/h
● electrode vessel flow velocity: 10L/h
● provide to the water of electrode vessel, deionization chamber and concentration compartments: the two poles of the earth RO infiltration water 5 ± 1 μ S/cm
● the current value that applies: 3A
With operate continuously under each condition shown in the above of the deionized water preparation facilities in embodiment 1 and the comparative example 1 to 3 200 hours, and when measuring the operation beginning and after the operation beginning 200 hours operating voltage, handled water amount and process the concentration of silicon-dioxide in the water.Table 1 provides measuring result.
[table 1]
Figure BDA00003635063800141
(embodiment 2)
Another example according to the embodiment of the electric deionizer for the preparation of deionized water of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.Except being arranged on a plurality of deionization processing units between cathode compartment and the anolyte compartment, have and the structure identical according to the device of embodiment 1 according to the deionized water preparation facilities of the present embodiment.Therefore, the below will only describe and the structure different according to the deionized water preparation facilities of embodiment 1.With the description of not carrying out same configuration.
Fig. 4 is the figure that schematically shows according to the structure of the deionized water preparation facilities of the present embodiment.In the deionized water preparation facilities shown in Fig. 4, two deionization processing units are arranged between cathode compartment E1 and the E2 of anolyte compartment.The first deionization processing unit in two deionization sections is positioned at cathode side with respect to another one, is comprised of deionization chamber D1 and a pair of C1 of concentration compartments and C2, and the described a pair of C1 of concentration compartments and C2 are adjacent with deionization chamber D1, place at its opposition side.The the second deionization processing unit that is positioned on the anode side with respect to another one is comprised of deionization chamber D2 and a pair of C1 of concentration compartments and C3, and the described a pair of C1 of concentration compartments and C3 be adjacent with deionization chamber D2, place at its opposition side.
In the following description, the deionization chamber D2 that the deionization chamber D1 that consists of the first deionization processing unit is called " cathode side deionization chamber D1 " and will consists of the second deionization processing unit is called " anode side deionization chamber D2 ", thereby deionization chamber D1 and deionization chamber D2 are distinguished from each other.Equally, the C1 of concentration compartments is called " the first C1 of concentration compartments ", the C2 of concentration compartments is called " the second C2 of concentration compartments ", and the C3 of concentration compartments is called " the 3rd C3 of concentration compartments ", thereby the C1 of concentration compartments, C2 and C3 are distinguished from each other.Yet this differentiation is only made for simplified characterization.
In addition, cathode side deionization chamber D1 and anode side deionization chamber D2 are separated into two deionization cells separately.In the following description, the deionization cell adjacent with the first C1 of concentration compartments in two deionization cells of formation cathode side deionization chamber D1 is called " cathode side the first deionization cell D1-1 ", and the deionization cell adjacent with the second C2 of concentration compartments is called " cathode side the second deionization cell D1-2 ".Equally, the deionization cell adjacent with the 3rd C3 of concentration compartments in two deionization cells of formation anode side deionization chamber D2 is called " anode side the first deionization cell D2-1 ", and the deionization cell adjacent with the first C1 of concentration compartments is called " anode side the second deionization cell D2-2 ".Needless to say, this differentiation is also only made for simplified characterization.
Below to describe the arrangement of chamber this arrangement from the order of cathode compartment E1.In other words, cathode compartment E1 is adjacent with the second C2 of concentration compartments, is inserted with the first anion-exchange membrane a1 between them.The second C2 of concentration compartments is adjacent with cathode side the second deionization cell D1-2, is inserted with the first cationic exchange membrane c1 between them.Cathode side the second deionization cell D1-2 is adjacent with cathode side the first deionization cell D1-1, is inserted with the second anion-exchange membrane a2 between them.Cathode side the first deionization cell D1-1 is adjacent with the first C1 of concentration compartments, is inserted with trianion exchange membrane a3 between them.The first C1 of concentration compartments is adjacent with anode side the second deionization cell D2-2, is inserted with the second cationic exchange membrane c2 between them.Anode side the second deionization cell D2-2 is adjacent with anode side the first deionization cell D2-1, is inserted with the 4th anion-exchange membrane a4 between them.Anode side the first deionization cell D2-1 is adjacent with the 3rd C3 of concentration compartments, is inserted with the 5th anion-exchange membrane a5 between them.The 3rd C3 of concentration compartments is adjacent with the E2 of anolyte compartment, is inserted with three cation exchange membrane c3 between them.
The first to the 3rd C1 to C3 of concentration compartments is set with negatively charged ion or the cationic components of acceptance from cathode side deionization chamber D1 or anode side deionization chamber D2 discharge, and with they discharge systems.The C1 to C3 of concentration compartments is filled with single of anionite separately in order to limit the generation of incrustation scale.
Cathode side the first deionization cell D1-1 and anode side the first deionization cell D2-1 are filled with single of anionite separately.Cathode side the second deionization cell D1-2 and anode side the second deionization cell D2-2 are filled with the multi-compartment bed of anionite and cationite separately.That describes in the explanation of the detailed arrangement of the filling of anionite and cationite and embodiment 1 among cathode side the second deionization cell D1-2 and anode side the second deionization cell D2-2 is identical.Bipolar membrane 4a is arranged in each of cathode side the second deionization cell D1-2 and anode side the second deionization cell D2-2.Those that describe in the explanation of the particular location of bipolar membrane 4a and directed and embodiment 1 are identical.
The main flow path of water to be dealt with and condensed water in the deionized water preparation facilities shown in Fig. 4 will be listed.Water to be dealt with is walked abreast to be provided to cathode side the first deionization cell D1-1 and anode side the first deionization cell D2-1, and passes these deionization cells.Pass the flow path of the water to be dealt with of cathode side the first deionization cell D1-1 and anode side the first deionization cell D2-1 and temporarily merge into one in these deionization cell outsides, and afterwards, a flow path is divided into two branches again., provide to cathode side the second deionization cell D1-2 and anode side the second deionization cell D2-2 water to be dealt with is parallel thereafter, and after passing these deionization cells the discharge system.On the other hand, with parallel to first to the 3rd C1 to C3 of concentration compartments that provides of condensed water, and passing afterwards discharge system of these concentration compartmentss.
Several runners U1 to U3 is set, and L1 and L2, as mentioned above so that water to be dealt with and condensed water flow through described runner.The end of the runner U1 that describes on the deionized water preparation facilities among Fig. 4 is connected to be used to the side that provides that water to be dealt with is provided.The other end of runner U1 is divided into two branches at intermediate point, and described two branches are connected to respectively cathode side the first deionization cell D1-1 and anode side the first deionization cell D2-1.Runner L1 shown under the deionized water preparation facilities has the branch that is connected to respectively cathode side the first deionization cell D1-1 and anode side the first deionization cell D2-1.These branches merge into one at intermediate point, and a described runner is further divided into two branches afterwards.These branches are connected to respectively cathode side the second deionization cell D1-2 and anode side the second deionization cell D2-2.Runner U2 shown on the deionized water preparation facilities has the branch that is connected to respectively cathode side the second deionization cell D1-2 and anode side the second deionization cell D2-2.These branches merge into one at intermediate point, to be connected to be used to the discharge side of discharging water to be dealt with.
The end of the runner U3 that describes on the deionized water preparation facilities among Fig. 4 is connected to be used to the side that provides that condensed water is provided.The other end of runner U3 is divided into three branches at intermediate point, and described three branches are connected to respectively the first C1 of concentration compartments, the second C2 of concentration compartments and the 3rd C3 of concentration compartments.Runner L2 shown under the deionized water preparation facilities has the branch that is connected to respectively the first C1 of concentration compartments, the second C2 of concentration compartments and the 3rd C3 of concentration compartments.These branches merge into one at intermediate point, to be connected to for the discharge side of discharging condensed water.
Now description had operation and the function of the deionized water preparation facilities of above-mentioned structure.Provide the to first to the 3rd C1 to C3 of concentration compartments with condensed water from runner U3, and discharge by runner L2.Electrode water is provided to cathode compartment E1 and the E2 of anolyte compartment from unshowned runner, and electrode water is discharged by unshowned runner.Predetermined volts DS is applied between anode and the negative electrode.
Under these conditions, will provide to cathode side the first deionization cell D1-1 and anode side the first deionization cell D2-1 from the water to be dealt with that runner U1 provides is parallel.With anionic group (for example, the Cl in the water to be processed that provides -, CO 3 2-, HCO 3 -And SiO 2) in the process of water to be dealt with by the first deionization cell D1-1 and D2-1, catch.The anionic group of catching in cathode side the first deionization cell D1-1 moves among the first C1 of concentration compartments, and discharge system with the condensed water that flows through the first C1 of concentration compartments, described the first C1 of concentration compartments is adjacent with cathode side the first deionization cell D1-1, is inserted with trianion exchange membrane a3 between them.On the other hand, the anionic group of catching in anode side the first deionization cell D2-1 moves among the 3rd C3 of concentration compartments, and discharge system with the condensed water that flows through the 3rd C3 of concentration compartments, described the 3rd C3 of concentration compartments is adjacent with anode side the first deionization cell D2-1, is inserted with the 5th anion-exchange membrane a5 between them.
The water to be dealt with that passes cathode side the first deionization cell D1-1 and anode side the first deionization cell D2-1 is provided to cathode side the second deionization cell D1-2 and anode side the second deionization cell D2-2 by runner L1.In cathode side the second deionization cell D1-2 and anode side the second deionization cell D2-2, as mentioned above, that cationite layer and anionite layer is stacked in this order.Therefore, when supplying water extraction to be dealt with to cathode side the second deionization cell D1-2 and anode side the second deionization cell D2-2, water to be dealt with at first passes the cationite layer, and passes afterwards the anionite layer.Pass in the process of cationite layer at water to be dealt with, catch cationic components (for example, the Na in the water to be dealt with +, Ca 2+And Mg 2+).More specifically, the cationic components of being caught by cationite in cathode side the second deionization cell D1-2 moves among the second C2 of concentration compartments, and discharge system with the condensed water that flows through the second C2 of concentration compartments, described the second C2 of concentration compartments is adjacent with cathode side the second deionization cell D1-2, is inserted with the first cationic exchange membrane c1 between them.On the other hand, the cationic components of being caught by cationite in anode side the second deionization cell D2-2 moves among the first C1 of concentration compartments, and discharge system with the condensed water that flows through the first C1 of concentration compartments, described the first C1 of concentration compartments is adjacent with anode side the second deionization cell D2-2, is inserted with the second cationic exchange membrane c2 between them.
In addition, with anionic group (for example, the Cl that passes in the water to be dealt with of the cationite layer among cathode side the second deionization cell D1-2 and anode side the second deionization cell D2-2 -, CO 3 2-, HCO 3 -And SiO 2) in the process of water to be dealt with by downstream anionite layer, again catch.More specifically, the anionic group of being caught by the anionite among cathode side the second deionization cell D1-2 moves among cathode side the first deionization cell D1-1, described cathode side the first deionization cell D1-1 is adjacent with cathode side the second deionization cell D1-2, is inserted with intermediate-ion exchange membrane a2 between them.The anionic group that moves among cathode side the first deionization cell D1-1 moves among the first C1 of concentration compartments, and discharge system with the condensed water that flows through the first C1 of concentration compartments, described the first C1 of concentration compartments is adjacent with cathode side the first deionization cell D1-1, is inserted with trianion exchange membrane a3 between them.On the other hand, the anionic group of being caught by the anionite among anode side the second deionization cell D2-2 moves among anode side the first deionization cell D2-1, described anode side the first deionization cell D2-1 is adjacent with anode side the second deionization cell D2-2, is inserted with intermediate-ion exchange membrane a4 between them.The anionic group that moves among anode side the first deionization cell D2-1 moves among the 3rd C3 of concentration compartments, and discharge system with the condensed water that flows through the 3rd C3 of concentration compartments, described the 3rd C3 of concentration compartments is adjacent with anode side the first deionization cell D2-1, is inserted with the 5th anion-exchange membrane a5 between them.
According to flowing as mentioned above that the deionization in the deionized water preparation processing of the present embodiment is processed.Yet, arrange therein in the situation of a plurality of deionizations chamber, as in the deionized water preparation facilities according to the present embodiment, the carbonic acid in specific concentration compartments and the concentration of silicon-dioxide increase with concentration ratio in any other concentration compartmentss.In the deionized water preparation facilities according to the present embodiment, for example, except the carbonic acid and silicon-dioxide that originally contained to the condensed water of the first C1 of concentration compartments is provided, also move among first C1 of concentration compartments adjacent with deionization chamber D1 shown in Fig. 4 from carbonic acid and the silicon-dioxide of cathode side deionization chamber D1.Equally, except the carbonic acid and silicon-dioxide that originally contained to the condensed water of the 3rd C3 of concentration compartments is provided, move among the 3rd C3 of concentration compartments adjacent with deionization chamber D2 shown in Fig. 4 from carbonic acid and the silicon-dioxide of anode side deionization chamber D2.It is identical that carbonic acid and silicon-dioxide are described from adjacent deionization chamber is passed to the explanation of principle and embodiment 1 concentration compartments.As a result of, with concentration ratio among the C2 of concentration compartments, the concentration of carbonic acid and silicon-dioxide increases in the first C1 of concentration compartments and the 3rd C3 of concentration compartments, and passes the carbonic acid of adjacent cationic exchange membrane and the amount of silicon-dioxide also increases.Especially, the C1 of concentration compartments is adjacent with anode side deionization chamber D2, and carbonic acid and silicon-dioxide to the above-mentioned transmission of anode side deionization chamber D2 (diffusion to the water to be dealt with) is to pay close attention to the place.
Yet, in the arrangement according to the present embodiment, caught by the anionite of filling deionization cell D2-2 by carbonic acid and silicon-dioxide that the first C1 of concentration compartments moves among anode side the second deionization cell D2-2, and the first deionization cell D2-1 moves among the 3rd C3 of concentration compartments, with the discharge system by anode side.Therefore, the carbonic acid and the silicon-dioxide that move to anode side the second deionization cell D2-2 from the first C1 of concentration compartments do not spread in water to be dealt with.
Equally in the present embodiment, with water to be dealt with at first provide to cathode side the first deionization cell D1-1 and each of anode side the first deionization cell D2-1 be filled with anionite.In addition, cationite and anionite are layered in this order the water extraction to be dealt with that will pass cathode side the first deionization cell D1-1 and anode side the first deionization cell D2-1 in each of extremely cathode side the second deionization cell D1-2 and anode side the second deionization cell D2-2.In other words, water to be dealt with at first passes anionite, pass afterwards cationite and, thereafter, again pass anionite.Therefore, according to the top identical principle of in the explanation of embodiment 1, describing, the purity of water to be dealt with further improves.
In addition, bipolar membrane 4a is arranged in each of cathode side the second deionization cell D1-2 and anode side the second deionization cell D2-2.Therefore, according to the top identical principle of in the explanation of embodiment 1, describing so that the low voltage and high current density operation becomes possibility.In addition, because effective bias current (distribution) of electric current can remove anionic group and cationic components fully.
(embodiment 3)
With reference to Fig. 5 description again another example according to the embodiment of deionized water preparation facilities of the present invention.Have and the sort of identical essential structure according to embodiment 2 according to the deionized water preparation facilities of the present embodiment.Therefore, the below will only describe the difference between the deionized water preparation facilities of the deionized water preparation facilities of the present embodiment and embodiment 2.With the description that does not repeat for identical point.
As shown in Figure 5, in the deionized water preparation facilities according to the present embodiment, secondary deionization chamber S1 is arranged between cathode compartment E1 and the second C2 of concentration compartments.Secondary deionization chamber S1 is adjacent with cathode compartment E1, is inserted with the 6th anion-exchange membrane a6 between them.Secondary deionization chamber S1 is adjacent with the second C2 of concentration compartments, is inserted with the first anion-exchange membrane c1 between them.The inside of secondary deionization chamber S1 is filled with single anionite.
In the deionized water preparation facilities according to the present embodiment, water to be dealt with is provided to cathode side the first deionization cell D1-1, anode side the first deionization cell D2-1 and secondary deionization chamber S1 concurrently from runner U1.With anionic group (for example, the Cl that provides to the water to be dealt with of secondary deionization chamber S1 -, CO 3 2-, HCO 3 -And SiO 2) catch from the process that secondary deionization chamber S1 passes through at water to be dealt with.The anionic group of catching moves among the second C2 of concentration compartments, and discharges system with the condensed water that flows through the second C2 of concentration compartments, and described the second C2 of concentration compartments is adjacent with secondary deionization chamber S1, is inserted with the first anion-exchange membrane a1 between them.On the other hand, with the water to be dealt with that passes secondary deionization chamber S1 and the hydration to be dealt with of passing cathode side the first deionization cell D1-1 and anode side the first deionization cell D2-1 also.To be dealt with water extraction supplied to cathode side second deionization cell D1-2 or anode side second deionization cell D2-2 thereafter.The flow path of water to be dealt with back and the transmission of ion in the explanation of embodiment 1 or embodiment 2, describe with top those are identical, and therefore will no longer repeat description of them.
In the deionized water preparation facilities, the hardness component that contains in the water to be dealt with such as magnesium ion and calcium ion move to the concentration compartments from the deionization chamber.These hardness components and ion such as CO 3 2-And OH -React to form calcium carbonate and magnesium hydroxide in the surface of ion-exchange membrane, for example, and be precipitated as incrustation scale.In the deionized water preparation facilities, the precipitation of this incrustation scale is tended to occur in high pH part, and usually observes on the higher part in pH part such as the cathode surface in the cathode compartment and the anion-exchange membrane surface therein.A pH who reduces incrustation scale generation point place is effective as this solution of problem scheme.If anionic group such as carbonic acid can be provided, can reduce pH.In other words, if anionic group can be provided to adjacent concentration compartments from each deionization chamber, can limit the generation of incrustation scale.
With reference to figure 4, in the deionized water preparation facilities according to embodiment 2, provide anionic group to the first C1 of concentration compartments mainly from cathode side deionization chamber D1, and provide anionic group to the 3rd C3 of concentration compartments mainly from anode side deionization chamber D2.Therefore, limited the generation of incrustation scale on the film surface of trianion exchange membrane a3 and the 5th anion-exchange membrane a5.Yet, provide to the position amount near the anionic group of the second C2 of concentration compartments of cathode compartment less than providing to the amount of the anionic group of the first C1 of concentration compartments and the 3rd C3 of concentration compartments.In other words, the film surface of the first anion-exchange membrane a1 is in and compares incrustation scale with trianion exchange membrane a3 with the film surface of the 5th anion-exchange membrane a5 and can easily precipitate under a kind of like this condition.
On the other hand, the secondary deionization chamber S1 that will be filled with therein anionite is arranged in the deionized water preparation facilities according to the present embodiment between cathode compartment E1 and the second C2 of concentration compartments, and anionic group is provided to the second C2 of concentration compartments from secondary deionization chamber S1.Therefore, the part of limiting pH on the film surface of the first anion-exchange membrane a1 increases, and has also limited the generation of incrustation scale.
In addition, fill the anionite of secondary deionization chamber S1 by the OH that generates among the cathode compartment E1 -Regeneration.Therefore, in the deionized water preparation facilities according to the present embodiment, will in traditional device, in cathode compartment E1, generate and be dropped and unemployed OH -Effectively be used for regenerating ion-exchanger.
In addition, OH among the cathode compartment E1 -Formation efficiency high.Therefore, even electromotive force is low, the OH of q.s -Move among the secondary deionization chamber S1.Therefore, the voltage that applies between electrode can reduce and the running cost of deionized water preparation facilities can reduce.In addition, although increase secondary deionization chamber S1 as the new deionization chamber in the present embodiment, need to not newly increase the concentration compartments on the basis of secondary deionization chamber S1.In other words, the number of concentration compartments can relatively reduce.This not only means size and the cost that reduces device, and can reduce voltage and the running cost that applies.
Although the present embodiment is described about the situation that two deionization processing units wherein are set by the mode of example, a deionization processing unit or three above deionization processing units can be set alternatively between cathode compartment and anolyte compartment.For example, the secondary deionization chamber of above-mentioned structure can be arranged between the cathode compartment E1 shown in Fig. 1 and the second C2 of concentration compartments.
The example of the anionite that uses in deionized water preparation facilities according to the present invention comprises ion exchange resin, ion-exchange fiber and monolithic porous ion exchanger.Can preferably use the most widely used ion exchange resin as anionite.The example of the type of anionite comprises weak base anion exchanger and strongly basic anionite.The example of cationite comprises ion exchange resin, ion-exchange fiber and monolithic porous ion exchanger.Can preferably use the most widely used ion exchange resin as cationite.The example of the type of cationite comprises weakly acidic cation exchanger and strongly acidic cation exchanger.
The invoking marks tabulation
1 framework
2 anion-exchange membranes
3 cationic exchange membranes
4a the first bipolar membrane
4b the second bipolar membrane
The E1 cathode compartment
The E2 anolyte compartment
C1 the first concentration compartments
C2 the second concentration compartments
C3 the 3rd concentration compartments
D deionization chamber
D-1 the first deionization cell
D-2 the second deionization cell
D1 cathode side deionization chamber
D1-1 cathode side the first deionization cell
D1-2 cathode side the second deionization cell
D2 anode side deionization chamber
D2-1 anode side the first deionization cell
D2-2 anode side the second deionization cell
A1 to a6 anion-exchange membrane
C1 to c3 cationic exchange membrane
A anionite layer
C cationite layer
U1 to U3, L1, L2 runner

Claims (6)

1. electric deionizer for the preparation of deionized water, described electric deionizer for the preparation of deionized water comprises at least one deionization processing unit, described at least one deionization processing unit is arranged between cathode compartment respect to one another and the anolyte compartment,
Described deionization processing unit comprises deionization chamber and a pair of concentration compartments, and described a pair of concentration compartments and described deionization chamber are adjacent to be placed on its opposition side and are filled with anionite,
Wherein said deionization chamber is separated into by ion-exchange membrane: the first deionization cell adjacent with in the described a pair of concentration compartments one and with described a pair of concentration compartments in another second adjacent deionization cell;
Wherein said the first deionization cell is filled with anionite,
Wherein said the second deionization cell is filled with anionite and cationite in turn, so that the ion-exchanger that water to be dealt with finally passes through is anionite, and
Wherein bipolar membrane is placed on the cathode side of the anionite of filling described the second deionization cell, directed so that its anion-exchange membrane surface is to described anionite simultaneously.
2. the electric deionizer for the preparation of deionized water according to claim 1, wherein said bipolar membrane is placed on the ion-exchange membrane by stacked, and described ion-exchange membrane forms described the second deionization cell and is arranged on separation between the described concentration compartments on the cathode side of described the second deionization cell.
3. the electric deionizer for the preparation of deionized water according to claim 1, a part that wherein forms described the second deionization cell and be arranged on the ion-exchange membrane of the separation between the described concentration compartments on the cathode side of described the second deionization cell is described bipolar membrane.
4. each described electric deionizer for the preparation of deionized water in 3 according to claim 1, wherein the anionite with one deck is formed in described the first deionization cell, and will be at least one deck anionite and at least the cationite stacked above one another of one deck in described the second deionization cell, so that the ion-exchanger that water to be dealt with finally passes through is described anionite.
5. each described electric deionizer for the preparation of deionized water in 4 according to claim 1 wherein forms runner so that water to be dealt with is opposite each other along the direction that it flow in the described concentration compartments along direction and condensed water that it flow in described the second deionization cell.
6. each described electric deionizer for the preparation of deionized water in 5 according to claim 1, described electric deionizer for the preparation of deionized water also comprises secondary deionization chamber, described secondary deionization chamber is arranged between described cathode compartment and the described concentration compartments adjacent with described the second deionization cell, and described secondary deionization chamber is filled with anionite.
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