CN104015756A - Train rail temperature and pressure detection method based on wireless sensor - Google Patents
Train rail temperature and pressure detection method based on wireless sensor Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a train rail temperature and pressure detection method based on a wireless sensor, and belongs to the technical field of Internet of things from the engineering practice of train safety detection. A temperature sensor and a pressure sensor are selected for the method and are placed on a rail; a ZigBee protocol and a WiFi protocol are utilized by the method to establish a wireless local area network, and a networking mode mixed with ZigBee and WiFi is formed. The method is used for collecting the temperatures and pressures of all rails on a railway local area network by utilizing Internet and a 3G network, and monitoring and deducing the rail information online.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technology of Internet of things field, derive from the engineering practice of train safety detection.The detection that the present invention both can be used for rail temperature and pressure also can be for the detection of the single track temperature and pressure of urban track traffic.
Background technology
Train is the most important vehicle of the mankind, plays a part very important in modernization construction and growth of the national economic.The safety of train is affecting party and state leaders and all the people's the heart, therefore ensures that train safety traffic is we engineering staff's important duty.Traditional method for protecting is manual detection method, and patrol on railway by the engineering staff situation of rail of this method, determines to repair or change rail by rule of thumb.Obviously, manual detection method inefficiency, poor accuracy.Afterwards,, there is the method for artificial+electron detection device in developing rapidly and maturation of Eltec, and this method has improved the efficiency detecting, yet need to drop into a large amount of man power and materials, is not suitable for 24 hours uninterrupted detections.Along with the arrival in Internet of Things epoch, various sensors and technology of Internet of things are popularized rapidly and go deep into application in all trades and professions, and therefore, we propose rail temperature and pressure detection method based on wireless senser.This method has advantages of efficiently, low-cost and be suitable for 24 hours with detect in real time.
In the process of moving, cause the reason that rail breaks down is the distortion of rail to train, thereby the rail of distortion can make that the train was derailed or translate into cause the accident.And the direct factor of rail distortion is temperature and pressure, when the temperature and pressure of rail exceeds its distortion critical temperature can bear and pressure, rail will be out of shape.Therefore we should detect the temperature and pressure of rail in time, when it approaches distortion critical temperature and pressure, send in time warning, remind people to take measures to reduce the suffered temperature and pressure of rail.
The method that reduces rail temperature and pressure has train speed reducing method, artificial directly falling temperature method, changes sleeper railway roadbed method.Wherein, train speed reducing method is the most common, when train is during through the too high rail of temperature and pressure, reduces moving velocity, can make the temperature and pressure ascensional range of rail greatly decline; Thereby artificial directly falling temperature method refers to the method that to rail injection cryogen, rail temperature is declined rapidly by manually, the method has advantages of that cooling is fast, successful, however the very inconvenience that operates, so seldom adopt in reality; Change sleeper railway roadbed method and refer to that the section of easily rising at temperature and pressure adopts larger sleeper and the railway roadbed of elasticity modulus, this method cost is higher, generally when additive method loses effect or when large area upgrades, adopts.
Railroad track must often keep in repair to maintain good operating state.Rail maintenance is hard work, needs expensive manpower to complete, and maintenance work comprises rail grinding, removable parts or whole rail, changes sleeper, makes firm by ramming, clears up, changes and supplementary ballast aggregate.Therefore the state that notifies rail at once can not only ensure that the safety of train vibration influence can also greatly save the human and material resources of maintenance.
Our mentality of designing is: utilize infrared temperature sensor and RTD to measure the temperature of rail different parts; Utilize large-tonnage pressure sensor to measure rail pressure; Then the distortion threshold value that merges the suffered temperature and pressure of rail and rail compares, if surpass threshold value, reports to the police otherwise shows normal information; Alarm message and normal information are sent to rail condition managing and servicing center in real time by Internet of things system.
In a word, by technology of Internet of things suitable position on rail, disposed relevant sensor and by Internet of Things, the status information of rail is sent to management and maintenance center, this method has great importance for the efficiency, the safety traffic of guarantee train that improve the maintenance of rail.
Summary of the invention
The invention discloses a kind of rail temperature and pressure detection method based on wireless senser, the method is by choosing suitable sensor and being placed in certain position, then utilize Zigbee protocol and WiFi agreement to set up WLAN and form ZigBee and the networking mode of WiFi mixing, finally by Internet and 3G network, the railwayed temperature and pressure situation of institute is collected on Railway Bureau's server, and by rail analysis system, rail conditions detected and infer.
The method comprise choosing of temperature sensor and lay, the building of the choosing and lay of pressure sensor, rail Internet of things system, describe this method below in detail.
(1) temperature sensor chooses
A kind of rail temperature based on wireless senser and pressure detection method are chosen infrared temperature sensor and RTD as the sensor that detects rail temperature.Wherein, the principle of infrared temperature sensor is to utilize rail heat motion to the infrared ray of surrounding radiation 0.75～100 mum wavelength, and these infrared rays can be received by sensor.Infrared temperature sensor has noncontact measurement feature, is used for measuring the temperature of the rough surface of rail; RTD is to utilize conductor or semi-conductive resistance value to vary with temperature and the principle that changes is carried out a kind of heat indicator of thermometric, RTD is for measuring-200 ℃---and the temperature within the scope of 1000 ℃, is used for measuring the temperature of rail smooth side.
The range of temperatures of choosing the infrared temperature sensor relating to of temperature sensor is-40 degree---thermopile detector chip and signal processing dedicated IC chip are powered, carried to+125 degree, precision 0.5 degree, 3 volts of button cells.
(2) temperature sensor lays
Based on choosing of temperature sensor, we are deployed in the different parts of rail by them, and rough surface, the RTD that wherein infrared temperature sensor is used for measuring rail is used for measuring the smooth side of rail, and its installation site as shown in Figure 1.
In Fig. 1, the position that has shown a lengths of rail installation infrared temperature sensor and RTD: two infrared temperature sensors and a RTD are installed in every lengths of rail, wherein infrared temperature sensor is positioned at 1/3rd places, rail two ends, and RTD is positioned at 1/2nd places of rail.
(3) pressure sensor chooses
A kind of rail temperature and pressure detection method based on wireless senser chosen large-tonnage pressure sensor measurement rail pressure.Pressure sensor is the sensor of selecting alloy steel material, it has high temperature resistant, high pressure resistant, anti-adverse environment, low-cost feature, is widely used in numerous industries such as railway traffic, water conservancy and hydropower, intelligent building, production automatic control, aerospace, military project, petrochemical industry, oil well, electric power, boats and ships, pipeline.
The transducer sensitivity relating to of choosing of pressure sensor is that 2.0mv/v, measurement range are 1 ton---25 tons, material are alloy steel, synthesis precision 0.05.
(4) pressure sensor lays
Based on choosing of pressure sensor, we are deployed in the position, front and back of rail by them, that is, laying of pressure sensor is that a large-tonnage pressure sensor is installed at 1/3rd places, distance rail two ends in every lengths of rail.Its concrete installation site as shown in Figure 2.
In Fig. 2, two large-tonnage pressure sensors of a lengths of rail installation have been shown: at 1/3rd places at every lengths of rail two ends, a large-tonnage pressure sensor has been installed.
(5) rail Internet of things system builds
Rail Internet of things system is used for collecting the information that infrared temperature sensor, RTD and large-tonnage pressure sensor send and these information is shown and processed.
Building of rail Internet of things system is divided into building of two-level network: the first order is wireless local area network (WLAN) system, and the second stage is wide area network system.
1) WLAN builds
By known Zigbee protocol, infrared temperature sensor, RTD and large-tonnage pressure sensor in 2 kilometers are set up into a local area network.ZigBee is the low-power consumption LAN protocol based on IEEE802.15.4 standard, and this agreement is the wireless communication protocol of a kind of short range, low-power consumption.Consider that Railway station, outlying area is rare, adopt WiFi agreement to set up 2 kilometers---the WLAN of 10 kilometers of distances.Form the networking mode that Zigbee protocol and WiFi agreement are mixed.
The networking process of WLAN:
The first step: dispose WLAN service node.WLAN service node claims again coordinator node, and its establishment need to meet two conditions, the one, and this node has coordination function, and the 2nd, this node does not add other networks.Every two lengths of rail just need to arrange the service node of a WLAN.For double track railway, a service node is connected with eight infrared pickoffs, four RTDs, eight large-tonnage pressure sensors.
Second step: scan channel.Service node initiates to set up after the process of a new network, and request media access control sublayer is scanned channel.Scan channel comprises energy scan and two processes of active scan.First the channel of the channel of user's appointment or all acquiescences of Physical layer is carried out to an energy scan, to get rid of interference.Then can allow the channel in energy value to carry out active scan, the device descriptor list of returning by examination, determines that one for setting up the channel of new network.
The 3rd step: configuration network parameter.If scan a suitable channel, will select a device descriptor for new network, this device descriptor can be random, can be also appointment, but must meet device descriptor uniqueness.If device descriptor distributes unsuccessfully, networking process will stop.
The 4th step: move new network.After network parameter configures, MAC layer will move new network, and notify the service node of WLAN to start working.
The 5th step: permission equipment adds network.Service node is opened a timer, within the time period of timer, allows sensor device to add network.
By above five steps, eight infrared pickoffs in two lengths of rail, four RTDs and eight large-tonnage pressure sensors can be added to WLAN.
2) wide area network system builds
By 3G and Internet network, the service node of a plurality of WLANs is coupled together, take railroad suboffice as unit deployment server, the function of server is collect the information that a plurality of WLANs collect and carry out real-time analysis and processing.
The building process of wide area network system:
The first step: independently server is set in each Railways Stations section.The information of the server of Railways Stations section for collecting the sensor of laying in our station lengths of rail.
Second step: the server of Railways Stations section is connected to the server of Railway Bureau by 3G and Internet network.Select the method for 3G network and Internet network to be: in remote districts, to adopt 3G network, in densely populated area, adopt Internet network.If these two kinds of networks all do not have to cover, need self-built a plurality of switching local area networks and be connected to nearest 3G network and Internet network.
The 3rd step: the server of building Railway Bureau.Sensor information and the handling suggestion of Railways Stations section to our station lengths of rail that the server of Railway Bureau is collected for collecting each Railways Stations section server, complex optimum, carries out the inspection and maintenance of rail.
Fig. 3 has shown rail temperature and the pressure detection Internet of things system based on wireless senser.In this system, top is Railway Bureau's server, and interlayer is Railways Stations section server, and orlop is rail sensor.The temperature and pressure of the direct perception rail of rail sensor is also delivered to nearest ZigBee gateway by information, and the information of a plurality of ZigBee gateways is collected on Railways Stations section server.The rail information that Railways Stations section server is collected our station section by 3G and Internet network is sent to Railway Bureau's server.The rail information analysis system moving on Railway Bureau's server can show in real time rail information and report to the police.
Analysis system on Railway Bureau's server is sent to each station section and train by the state analysis information of rail, and its state analysis information comprises the current temperature of rail, pressure and the normal temperature and pressure allowing, percentum that currency exceeds permissible value and the processing suggestion of recommendation.The server of Railway Bureau collects sensor information and the handling suggestion of Railways Stations section to our station lengths of rail that each Railways Stations section server is collected, the unified inspection and maintenance decision-making of carrying out comprehensively and making rail.
No matter transport a permutation bulk products transprovincially, or the poisonous chemicals transporting by long Double-deck Container Trains, when the city through busy, all must guarantee that train normally and safely travels according to timetable.By temperature and pressure sensor, detected the temperature and pressure of rail and then inferred the safety case of train, this is to ensure the train important means of normally travelling.
Therefore, the rail temperature based on wireless senser and pressure detection method that the present invention proposes are a kind of methods of sensor deployment, information and information analysis, and the present invention comprises following methods step:
(1) dispose infrared temperature sensor, RTD and large-tonnage pressure sensor;
(2) by ZigBee and WiFi gateway, the sensor being distributed on rail is formed to local area network;
(3), at Railways Stations section deployment server, with it, collect the sensor information that ZigBee and WiFi gateway send;
(4), at Railway Bureau's deployment server, with it, collect the sensor information that Railways Stations section is sent;
(5) on Railway Bureau's server, move rail state analysis system, rail state analysis system be used for showing in real time rail state, carry out status analysis and the result of analysis and suggestion be sent to each Railways Stations section and train.
Fig. 4 is rail temperature and the pressure detecting system workflow diagram based on wireless senser.
In Fig. 4, we have drawn deployment, the establishment of WLAN, the workflow that is connected to Railway Bureau's analysis system of wide area network from sensor, have formed thus rail temperature and pressure detection method based on wireless senser.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Below with reference to accompanying drawing, be that principle of the present invention, method flow are described, wherein:
Fig. 1 is the installation site schematic diagram of temperature sensor
Fig. 2 is large-tonnage pressure pressure sensor installation site schematic diagram
Fig. 3 is rail temperature and the pressure detection Internet of things system figure based on wireless senser
Fig. 4 is rail temperature and the pressure detecting system diagram of circuit based on wireless senser
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the embodiment of " rail temperature and pressure detection method based on wireless senser " of the present invention is further described.
(1) choose temperature sensor
Choosing of temperature sensor is divided into choosing of infrared temperature sensor and choosing of RTD.
1) infrared temperature sensor chooses
Select infrared temperature sensor mainly from performance figure and environmental work condition two aspects, to take in.Wherein performance figure comprise again range of temperatures, operating wavelength, survey precision, response time; Environmental work condition comprises ambient temperature, ventilation condition, protection equipment.
The range of temperatures of rail is-50---200 degree, operating wavelength range are 8---, and 15 μ m, survey precision are that 0.5 degree, response time are 0.2s; The temperature of train environment is at-120 degree---and 40 degree, ventilation condition are good, rail is provided with protection equipment around.
2) RTD chooses
RTD is made with semi-conducting material, and its resistance increases and reduces with temperature.Temperature traverse can cause large resistance to change, the linearity extreme difference of RTD, and have much relations with production technology.The volume of RTD is very little, also fast to the response of temperature traverse, but need to use current source, and small size also makes it very responsive to self-heating error.
The RTD of installing on rail is used for measuring the temperature of smooth side, the range of temperatures that need to consider rail in the time of need to selecting is-50---200 degree, survey precision is 0.5 degree, carries button cell power supply, need to ventilate and install to reduce the self-heating error of sensor during installation.
(2) mounting temperature sensor
The installation of temperature sensor is divided into the installation of infrared temperature sensor and the installation of RTD.
1) installation of infrared temperature sensor
The installation of infrared temperature sensor should be representative, avoids being arranged on temperature dead angle.The connection box of infrared temperature sensor can not be encountered the wall of measured medium.The temperature at infrared temperature sensor connection box place should not surpass 100 ℃, and selects the armored infrared temperature sensor of good seismic performance.
On rail, during installation infrared temperature sensor, two infrared temperature sensors are installed in every lengths of rail, they are apart from each 1/3rd places, rail two ends.During installation, can not contact rail, not destroy the structure of rail, can be fixed on the sleeper of rail below.The connection box of infrared temperature sensor can not be encountered rail, and uses the armored infrared temperature sensor of good seismic performance, and aseismicity reaches SAEJ1378 standard.
2) installation of RTD
When installing, RTD to note the distortion of protective tube in mechanical strength, particularly high temperature.Impact for fear of the egress of heat of protective tube on component temperature, need to consider the profile, intubating length, insulation of protective tube, the problem such as heat insulation.In order to prevent rural atmosphere, on the impact of RTD, need to consider RTD to carry out armouring.
While RTD being installed on rail, a RTD is installed in every lengths of rail, the smooth side of rail is close in the centre that it is positioned at rail, considers that the impact of rail temperature need to add protective tube and carry out armouring it.
(3) choose pressure sensor
Whether the choosing of pressure sensor need to consider produces the type of pressure, the ambient temperature of pressure sensor work, measure sensitivity, need to fix and stability.
The pressure that rail pressure sensor produces mainly comes from the impact of train, range of pressure is 1---25 tons, measurement sensitivity is 2.0mv/v, choose large-tonnage pressure sensor, its material selection alloy steel, the synthesis precision of pressure sensor is 0.05, and rail pressure sensor need to be fixed on rail, can stably measure rail temperature more than 2 years.
(4) setting pressure sensor
When pressure sensor is installed, need to consider the characteristic of the corrosive property that contact with pressure sensor or overheated medium, whether consideration receives the impact of impact, the impact of consideration temperature fluctuation on pressure sensor.
On rail, during setting pressure sensor, two large-tonnage pressure sensors are installed in every lengths of rail, are distributed in symmetrically each 1/3rd places, every lengths of rail left and right.Pressure sensor is arranged on the little place of temperature fluctuation, takes antifreezing measures, takes armouring measure.
(5) build rail Internet of things system
Building of rail Internet of things system is divided into building of rail WLAN and building of rail wide area network, and the former is a wireless sensor network, and the latter is the WAN network of an Information Sharing.
1) build rail WLAN
By Zigbee protocol and WiFi agreement, the various sensors of installing on rail are coupled together.In dense population areas with Zigbee protocol connecting sensor and set up into WLAN; In underpopulated remote districts, by WiFi agreement, sensor is collected to composition WLAN.
Zigbee protocol is a kind of known agreement, according to known Zigbee protocol network-building method and in conjunction with the feature of rail Internet of Things, carries out networking; WiFi agreement is also a kind of known agreement, according to its network-building method and in conjunction with the feature of rail Internet of Things, carries out networking.The final network-building method that forms a kind of mixing, which has met the collection of rail information preferably.
The first step: dispose WLAN service node.Every two lengths of rail just need to arrange the service node of a WLAN.For double track railway, a service node is connected with eight infrared pickoffs, four RTDs, eight large-tonnage pressure sensors.
Second step: scan channel.Service node initiates to set up after the process of a new network, and request media access control sublayer is scanned channel.Scan channel comprises energy scan and two processes of active scan.First the channel of the channel of user's appointment or all acquiescences of Physical layer is carried out to an energy scan, to get rid of interference.Then can allow the channel in energy value to carry out active scan, the device descriptor list of returning by examination, determines that one for setting up the channel of new network.
The 3rd step: configuration network parameter.If scan a suitable channel, will select a device descriptor for new network, this device descriptor can be random, can be also appointment, but must meet device descriptor uniqueness.If device descriptor distributes unsuccessfully, networking process will stop.
The 4th step: move new network.After network parameter configures, MAC layer will move new network, and notify the service node of WLAN to start working.
The 5th step: permission equipment adds network.Service node is opened a timer, within the time period of timer, allows sensor device to add network.
By above five steps, eight infrared pickoffs in two lengths of rail, four RTDs and eight large-tonnage pressure sensors can be added to WLAN.
2) build rail wide area network
By 3G and Internet network, the service node of a plurality of WLANs is coupled together, take railroad suboffice as unit deployment server, the function of server is collect the information that a plurality of WLANs collect and carry out real-time analysis and processing.
While building rail wide area network, different from known wide area network build process:
The first step: independently server is set in each Railways Stations section.
Second step: the server of Railways Stations section is connected to the server of Railway Bureau by 3G and Internet network, wherein 3G network is for remote districts, and Internet network is for densely populated area.
The 3rd step: build the server of Railway Bureau, sensor information and the handling suggestion of Railways Stations section to our station lengths of rail of for collecting each Railways Stations section server, collecting, complex optimum, carries out the inspection and maintenance of rail.
Finally explanation: the present invention is except monitoring and report to the police and can also monitor and the temperature and pressure of the single track of reporting to the police for urban track traffic the temperature and pressure of rail.
Claims (7)
1. rail temperature and the pressure detection method based on wireless senser, comprise temperature sensor choose [1], temperature sensor lay [2], pressure sensor choose [3], pressure sensor lay [4], rail Internet of things system build [5] five steps:
The choosing of temperature sensor [1]: choose known infrared temperature sensor and RTD as the sensor that detects rail temperature, wherein, infrared temperature sensor is used for measuring the temperature of the rough surface of rail, and RTD is used for measuring the temperature of rail smooth side;
The laying of temperature sensor [2]: the two ends of a lengths of rail are installed two infrared temperature sensors, middle a RTD are installed;
The choosing of pressure sensor [3]: choose large-tonnage pressure sensor and measure rail pressure;
The laying of pressure sensor [4]: pressure sensor is arranged at the front and back of rail antimere, measures the pressure of rail for equilibrium;
The building of rail Internet of things system [5]: building of rail Internet of things system is divided into building of first order wireless local area network (WLAN) system [6] and building of second stage wide area network system [7], it is used for collecting the information that infrared temperature sensor, RTD and large-tonnage pressure sensor send and these information is shown and processed.
2. rail temperature and the pressure detection method based on wireless senser according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the range of temperatures of the infrared temperature sensor that the choosing of temperature sensor [1] relates to is-40 degree---+125 degree, precision 0.5 degree, 3 volts of button cells power supplies, carry thermopile detector chip and signal is processed dedicated IC chip.
3. rail temperature and the pressure detection method based on wireless senser according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: lay [2] of temperature sensor are, in every lengths of rail, two infrared temperature sensors and a RTD are installed, wherein infrared temperature sensor is respectively having one apart from 1/3rd places, rail two ends, and RTD is arranged on 1/2nd places of rail.
4. rail temperature and the pressure detection method based on wireless senser according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the transducer sensitivity that the choosing of pressure sensor [3] relates to is that 2.0mv/v, measurement range are 1 ton---25 tons, material are alloy steel, synthesis precision 0.05.
5. rail temperature and the pressure detection method based on wireless senser according to claim 1, is characterized in that: lay [4] of pressure sensor are that a large-tonnage pressure sensor is installed at 1/3rd places, distance rail two ends in every lengths of rail.
6. rail temperature and the pressure detection method based on wireless senser according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the building [5] and need to build first order wireless local area network (WLAN) system [6] and second stage wide area network system [7] of rail Internet of things system;
First order wireless local area network (WLAN) system [6]: by known Zigbee protocol and WiFi agreement, infrared temperature sensor, RTD and large-tonnage pressure sensor in 10 kilometers are set up into a local area network, form the networking mode that Zigbee protocol and WiFi agreement are mixed;
Second stage wide area network system [7]: by 3G and Internet network, the service node of WLAN is coupled together, take railroad suboffice as unit deployment server, server collects the information that a plurality of WLANs collect and analyzes and process.
7. according to claim 1 and rail temperature and pressure detection method based on wireless senser claimed in claim 6, it is characterized in that: server collects the information that a plurality of WLANs collect and analyzes and process and refers to that the server of Railway Bureau collects sensor information and the handling suggestion of Railways Stations section to our station lengths of rail that each Railways Stations section server is collected, unifiedly carry out comprehensive and make the inspection and maintenance decision-making of rail.
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| CN107380202A (en) * | 2017-07-31 | 2017-11-24 | 株洲中车轨道交通装备有限公司 | Based on NB IoT nets rail vehicle Spindle Status monitoring methods and system |
| CN107380202B (en) * | 2017-07-31 | 2019-10-08 | 株洲中车轨道交通装备有限公司 | Based on NB-IoT net rail vehicle Spindle Status monitoring method and system |
| US11894699B2 (en) | 2018-01-12 | 2024-02-06 | NejiLaw inc. | Power receiving-type information transmission device and information transmission system |
| CN111145377A (en) * | 2019-12-31 | 2020-05-12 | 河南思维信息技术有限公司 | Intelligent and integrated attendance and attendance management method and system |
| CN112429040A (en) * | 2020-10-27 | 2021-03-02 | 衡阳市智谷科技发展有限公司 | Low-cost navigation positioning method for rail transit |
| CN118323218A (en) * | 2024-06-11 | 2024-07-12 | 四川旷谷信息工程有限公司 | System and method for realizing fault detection operation of multi-service expert joint diagnosis |
| CN118323218B (en) * | 2024-06-11 | 2024-08-27 | 四川旷谷信息工程有限公司 | System and method for realizing fault detection operation of multi-service expert joint diagnosis |
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