CN104015756B - Rail temperature based on wireless senser and pressure detection method - Google Patents

Rail temperature based on wireless senser and pressure detection method Download PDF

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CN104015756B
CN104015756B CN201410298267.3A CN201410298267A CN104015756B CN 104015756 B CN104015756 B CN 104015756B CN 201410298267 A CN201410298267 A CN 201410298267A CN 104015756 B CN104015756 B CN 104015756B
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rail
sensor
temperature
pressure
detection method
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CN104015756A (en
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尹云飞
张蓓蕾
关海超
王晓楠
曾亚飞
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Chongqing University
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Chongqing University
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Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of rail temperature based on wireless senser and pressure detection method, belong to technology of Internet of things field, derive from the engineering practice of train safety detection.The method is chosen temperature sensor and pressure sensor and they is placed on rail, the method utilizes Zigbee protocol and WiFi agreement to set up WLAN and to form the networking mode of ZigBee and WiFi mixing, the temperature and pressure situation of all rails is collected on Railway Bureau's server by the method by Internet and 3G network, and rail information is carried out on-line monitoring and deduction.

Description

Rail temperature based on wireless senser and pressure detection method
Technical field
The invention belongs to technology of Internet of things field, derive from the engineering practice of train safety detection.The present invention can be not only used for The detection of rail temperature and pressure can be used for the detection of the single track temperature and pressure of urban track traffic.
Background technology
Train is the most important vehicles of the mankind, plays very important in modernization construction and growth of the national economic Effect.The security of train affects the heart of party and state leaders and all the people, therefore ensures that train safety traffic is The important duty of we engineers and technicians.Traditional method for protecting is manual detection method, and this method passes through engineering Technical staff patrols the situation of rail on railway, determines by rule of thumb repair or change rail.Obviously, manual detection method Inefficiency, poor accuracy.Later, developing rapidly and ripe of electronic technology, occur in that the side of artificial+electron detection device Method, it improves the efficiency of detection, but needs to put into substantial amounts of man power and material, is not suitable for 24 hours uninterruptedly Detection.Along with the universal rapidly and deeply application in all trades and professions of the arrival in Internet of Things epoch, various sensors and technology of Internet of things, Therefore, it is proposed that rail temperature based on wireless senser and pressure detection method.This method has one-tenth efficient, low Originally with the advantage being suitable for 24 hours and detect in real time.
In the process of moving, the reason causing rail to break down is the deformation of rail to train, the iron of deformation Rail can make that the train was derailed or translate into thus cause the accident.And the direct factor of rail deformation is temperature and pressure, work as rail Temperature and pressure beyond its deformation critical-temperature that can bear with during pressure, rail will deform.Therefore we should When the timely temperature and pressure detecting rail, when it is close to deformation critical-temperature and pressure, sends warning in time, remind People take steps to reduce the temperature and pressure suffered by rail.
The method reducing rail temperature and pressure has train speed reducing method, artificial directly falling temperature method, changes sleeper railway roadbed Method.Wherein, train speed reducing method is most commonly seen, when train is through the too high rail of temperature and pressure, reduces travel speed, can make The temperature and pressure ascensional range considerable decrease of rail;Artificial directly falling temperature method refers to by manually spraying cryogen to rail So that the method that rail temperature declines rapidly, the method has fast, effect clear advantage of lowering the temperature, but operates extremely Inconvenience, therefore seldom uses in reality;Change sleeper road bed process to refer to use bullet in the section that temperature and pressure easily rises Sleeper that property coefficient is bigger and railway roadbed, this method is relatively costly, typically when additive method loses effect or large area updates Shi Caiyong.
Railroad track must often keep in repair to maintain good operating state.Rail maintenance is hard work, needs to spend A lot of manpowers complete, maintenance work include rail grinding, removable parts or all rail, change sleeper, make firm by ramming, clear up, more Change and supplement ballast aggregate.Therefore the state notifying rail at once can not only ensure that the safety of train vibration influence can also greatly save maintenance Human and material resources.
Our mentality of designing is: utilize infrared temperature sensor and the RTD temperature to rail different parts Degree measures;Large-tonnage pressure sensor is utilized to measure rail pressure;Then merge temperature and pressure suffered by rail with The deformation threshold value of rail compares, if it exceeds threshold value is then reported to the police otherwise shows normal information;Warning message and normal information Rail condition managing and maintenance center it is sent in real time by Internet of things system.
In a word, relevant sensor is disposed and by Internet of Things by iron by the position that technology of Internet of things is suitable on rail The status information of rail is sent to management and maintenance center, and this method is for improving the efficiency of the maintenance of rail, ensureing train safety Traveling has great importance.
Summary of the invention
The invention discloses a kind of rail temperature based on wireless senser and pressure detection method, the method is passed through Choose suitable sensor and be placed in certain position, then utilizing Zigbee protocol and WiFi agreement to set up wireless local Net also forms the networking mode of ZigBee and WiFi mixing, finally by Internet and 3G network by railwayed for institute temperature with Pressure condition collects on Railway Bureau's server, and analyzes system by rail and detect rail conditions and infer.
The method includes the choosing and lay of temperature sensor, the choosing and lay of pressure sensor, rail Internet of Things Building of net system, is described below in detail this method.
(1) the choosing of temperature sensor
A kind of rail temperature based on wireless senser and pressure detection method choose infrared temperature sensor and electricity Resistance temperature sensor is as the sensor of detection rail temperature.Wherein, the principle of infrared temperature sensor is to utilize train Rail warm-up movement is to the infrared ray of surrounding radiation 0.75~100 mum wavelengths, and these infrared rays can be received by sensor.Infrared Temperature sensor has non-cpntact measurement feature, is used for measuring the temperature of the matsurface of rail;RTD is to utilize The principle that the resistance value of conductor or semiconductor varies with temperature and changes carries out a kind of thermometer of thermometric, RTD For measuring the temperature in the range of-200 DEG C 1000 DEG C, it is used for measuring the temperature of rail shiny surface.
The temperature range choosing the infrared temperature sensor related to of temperature sensor is-40 degree+125 degree, precision 0.5 degree, 3 volts of button cells power, carry thermopile detector chip and signal transacting dedicated IC chip.
(2) the laying of temperature sensor
Based on temperature sensor choosing, they are deployed in the different parts of rail, wherein infrared temperature sensing by us Device is used for measuring the matsurface of rail, RTD for measuring the shiny surface of rail, its installation site such as Fig. 1 institute Show.
In FIG, it is shown that lengths of rail installation infrared temperature sensor and a position for RTD: at every section Rail installs two infrared temperature sensors and a RTD, and wherein infrared temperature sensor is positioned at rail two ends At 1/3rd, RTD is positioned at 1/2nd of rail.
(3) the choosing of pressure sensor
A kind of rail temperature based on wireless senser and pressure detection method are chosen large-tonnage pressure sensor and are surveyed Amount rail pressure.Pressure sensor is the sensor selecting alloy steel material, and it has high temperature resistant, high pressure resistant, anti-severe Environment, low-cost feature, be widely used in railway traffic, water conservancy and hydropower, intelligent building, production automatic control, Aero-Space, Numerous industries such as military project, petrochemical industry, oil well, electric power, boats and ships, pipeline.
Pressure sensor choose the transducer sensitivity related to be 2.0mv/v, measurement scope be 1 ton 25 tons, material Matter is steel alloy, synthesis precision 0.05.
(4) the laying of pressure sensor
Based on pressure sensor choosing, they are deployed in position before and after rail by us, i.e. the peace of pressure sensor Put is to install a large-tonnage pressure sensor in every lengths of rail at distance rail two ends 1/3rd.Its concrete installation position Put as shown in Figure 2.
In fig. 2, it is shown that one lengths of rail install two large-tonnage pressure sensors: every lengths of rail two ends three/ A large-tonnage pressure sensor respectively it is mounted with at one.
(5) the building of rail Internet of things system
Rail Internet of things system is used for collecting infrared temperature sensor, RTD and large-tonnage pressure and passes Sensor sends the information come and shows these information and process.
Building of rail Internet of things system is divided into building of two-level network: the first order is wireless local area network (WLAN) system, the Two grades is wide area network system.
1) the building of WLAN
By known Zigbee protocol, by the infrared temperature sensor in 2 kilometers, RTD and large-tonnage Pressure sensor sets up into a LAN.ZigBee is low-power consumption LAN protocol based on IEEE802.15.4 standard, this Individual agreement is the wireless communication protocol of a kind of short distance, low-power consumption.Rare in view of railway station, outlying area, use WiFi agreement Set up the WLAN of 2 kilometers of 10 kilometers of distances.Form Zigbee protocol and the networking mode of WiFi agreement mixing.
The networking process of WLAN:
The first step: dispose WLAN service node.WLAN service node is also known as coordinator node, its establishment Needing to meet two conditions, one is that this node has coordination function, and two is that this node does not add other networks.Every two lengths of rail It is accomplished by arranging the service node of a WLAN.For double track railway, a service node and eight infrared biographies Sensor, four RTDs, eight large-tonnage pressure sensors are connected.
Second step: scan channel.After the process of a new network is set up in service node initiation, media access control sublayer will be asked letter Road is scanned.Scan channel includes energy scan and two processes of active scan.First channel user specified or physics The channel of all acquiescence of layer carries out an energy scan, with exclusive PCR.Then the channel in can allowing energy value performs master Dynamic scanning, the device descriptor list returned by examination, determine one for the channel setting up new network.
3rd step: configuration network parameter.If scanning a suitable channel, an equipment will be selected to retouch for new network Stating symbol, this device descriptor can be random, it is also possible to specifies, but must is fulfilled for device descriptor uniqueness.If Device descriptor distributes unsuccessfully, and networking process will terminate.
4th step: run new network.After network parameter configures, MAC layer will run new network, and notify WLAN Service node start working.
5th step: allow equipment to add network.Service node opens a timer, allows within the time period of timer Sensor device adds network.
By above five steps, can be eight infrared sensors in two lengths of rail, four RTDs WLAN is added with eight large-tonnage pressure sensors.
2) the building of wide area network system
The service node of multiple WLANs is coupled together, with railroad suboffice as list by 3G and Internet network Position deployment server, the function of server is to collect information that multiple WLAN collects and analyze in real time and locate Reason.
The building process of wide area network system:
The first step: independent server is set at each railway loading jetty.The server of railway loading jetty is used for collecting our station section The information of the sensor laid on rail.
Second step: the server of railway loading jetty is connected to the server of Railway Bureau by 3G and Internet network.Select The method of 3G network and Internet network is: use 3G network in remote districts, in densely populated area employing Internet network.If both networks are all not covered with, need self-built multiple switching LAN and be connected to nearest 3G Network and Internet network.
3rd step: build the server of Railway Bureau.The server of Railway Bureau is used for collecting each railway loading jetty server and receives The sensor information of collection and the railway loading jetty handling suggestion to our station lengths of rail, complex optimum, carry out maintenance and the maintenance of rail.
Fig. 3 shows rail temperature based on wireless senser and pressure detecting Internet of things system.Within the system, Top is Railway Bureau's server, and intermediate layer is railway loading jetty server, and orlop is rail sensor.Rail sensor is direct Information is also delivered to nearest ZigBee gateway by the temperature and pressure of perception rail, and the information of multiple ZigBee gateways is in Railways Stations Collect on section server.The rail information that our station section is collected is sent to by railway loading jetty server by 3G and Internet network Railway Bureau's server.The rail information analysis system run on Railway Bureau's server can show rail information in real time and carry out Report to the police.
The state analysis information of rail is sent to each station section and train, its shape by the analysis system on Railway Bureau's server State analyze information include the current temperature of rail, pressure and normal allow temperature and pressure, currency is beyond the hundred of permissible value Proportion by subtraction and the treatment advice of recommendation.The server of Railway Bureau collect each railway loading jetty server collect sensor information and The railway loading jetty handling suggestion to our station lengths of rail, unified maintenance and the maintenance measures carried out comprehensively and make rail.
The most transprovincially transport a permutation bulk products, or the toxic chemical transported by long Double-deck Container Trains Through busy city, goods, all must assure that train normally and safely travels according to timetable.By temperature and pressure Force snesor detects the temperature and pressure of rail and then speculates the safe condition of train, and this is to ensure that train normally travels Important means.
Therefore, the rail temperature based on wireless senser that the present invention proposes and pressure detection method are a kind of sensings Device is disposed, information and the method for information analysis, and the present invention comprises following methods step:
(1) infrared temperature sensor, RTD and large-tonnage pressure sensor are disposed;
(2) the sensor composition LAN on rail is will be distributed over by ZigBee and WiFi gateway;
(3) at railway loading jetty deployment server, collect ZigBee and WiFi gateway with it and transmit the sensor information of coming;
(4) at Railway Bureau's deployment server, collect railway loading jetty with it and send the sensor information of coming;
(5) running rail state analysis system on Railway Bureau's server, rail state analysis system is used for display in real time The state of rail, carry out status analysis and the result analyzed and suggestion are sent to each railway loading jetty and train.
Fig. 4 is rail temperature based on wireless senser and pressure detecting system workflow diagram.
In the diagram, we depict from the deployment of sensor, the establishment of WLAN, wide area network be connected to railway The workflow of score of the game analysis system, thus constitutes rail temperature based on wireless senser and pressure detection method.
Accompanying drawing explanation
It is that the principle to the present invention, method flow illustrate, wherein below with reference to accompanying drawing:
Fig. 1 is the installation site schematic diagram of temperature sensor
Fig. 2 is large-tonnage force pressure sensor mounting location schematic diagram
Fig. 3 is rail temperature based on wireless senser and pressure detecting Internet of things system figure
Fig. 4 is rail temperature based on wireless senser and pressure detecting system flow chart
Detailed description of the invention
Come below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings " rail temperature based on wireless senser and pressure detecting side of the present invention Method " embodiment be further described.
(1) temperature sensor is chosen
Choosing of temperature sensor is divided into choosing of infrared temperature sensor and choosing of RTD.
1) the choosing of infrared temperature sensor
Infrared temperature sensor is selected mainly to take in terms of performance indications and environmental operating conditions two.It is neutral Index can include again temperature range, operation wavelength, certainty of measurement, response time;Environmental operating conditions then includes environment temperature, leads to Wind condition, protection equipment.
The temperature range of rail-50 200 degree, operating wavelength range be that 8 15 μm, certainty of measurement are 0.5 degree, the response time be 0.2s;The temperature of train environment-120 spend 40 degree, ventilation condition well, rail is arranged around Protected equipment.
2) the choosing of RTD
RTD semi-conducting material is made, and its resistance increases with temperature and reduces.Temperature change meeting Big resistance is caused to change, the linearity extreme difference of RTD, and have much relations with production technology.Resistance temperature The volume of sensor is the least, and the response to temperature change is also fast, but needs to use current source, and small size also makes it to self-heating by mistake Difference is extremely sensitive.
The RTD installed on rail is used for measuring the temperature of shiny surface, needs to need when selecting to consider The temperature range of rail is-50 200 degree, and certainty of measurement is 0.5 degree, carries button cell and powers, and needs during installation Ventilate and install to reduce the self-heating error of sensor.
(2) mounting temperature sensor
The installation of temperature sensor is divided into the installation of infrared temperature sensor and the installation of RTD.
1) installation of infrared temperature sensor
The installation of infrared temperature sensor should be representative, it is to avoid is arranged on temperature dead angle.Infrared temperature sensor Terminal box can not encounter the wall of measured medium.Temperature at infrared temperature sensor terminal box is no more than 100 DEG C, and selects The armored infrared temperature sensor of good seismic performance.
On rail during installation infrared temperature sensor, every lengths of rail is installed two infrared temperature sensors, it Distance rail two ends each 1/3rd at.Rail can not be contacted during installation, do not destroy the structure of rail, rail can be fixed on On the sleeper of lower section.The terminal box of infrared temperature sensor can not encounter rail, and uses the armored of good seismic performance red Outer temperature sensor, shock resistance reaches SAEJ1378 standard.
2) installation of RTD
It is noted that mechanical strength, particularly high temperature are protected the deformation of pipe when RTD is installed.In order to avoid The heat loss impact on component temperature of protection pipe, needs to consider the protection profile of pipe, intubating length, insulation, the problem such as heat insulation. In order to prevent wild environment from needing to consider RTD is carried out armouring on the impact of RTD.
When rail installs RTD, every lengths of rail is installed a RTD, it The shiny surface of rail is close in the centre being positioned at rail, it is contemplated that the impact of rail temperature needs it to be added protection pipe and carries out armour Dress.
(3) pressure sensor is chosen
Choosing of pressure sensor needs to consider to produce the type of pressure, the environment temperature of pressure sensor work, measurement Sensitivity, the need of fixing and stability.
The pressure that rail pressure sensor produces mostlys come from the impact of train, and pressure limit is 1 25 tons, Measurement sensitivity is 2.0mv/v, chooses large-tonnage pressure sensor, its material selection steel alloy, the comprehensive essence of pressure sensor Degree is 0.05, and rail pressure sensor needs to be fixed on rail, it is possible to stably measure rail temperature more than 2 years.
(4) pressure sensor is installed
When pressure sensor is installed, need to consider the corrosivity with pressure sensor contacts or the characteristic of overheated medium, Consider whether to receive the impact of impact, it is considered to the temperature fluctuation impact on pressure sensor.
When rail installs pressure sensor, every lengths of rail is installed two large-tonnage pressure sensors, right It is distributed in about every lengths of rail at each 1/3rd with claiming.Pressure sensor is arranged on the place that temperature fluctuation is little, takes antifreeze Measure, takes armouring measure.
(5) rail Internet of things system is built
Building of rail Internet of things system is divided into building and rail wide area network of rail WLAN Build, the former is a wireless sensor network, and the latter is the WAN network of an Information Sharing.
1) rail WLAN is built
By Zigbee protocol and WiFi agreement, the various sensors installed on rail are coupled together.Close at population Ji Qu Zigbee protocol connects sensor and sets up into WLAN;In underpopulated remote districts by WiFi agreement Sensor is collected composition WLAN.
Zigbee protocol is agreement known to one, according to known Zigbee protocol network-building method and combine rail The feature of Internet of Things carries out networking;WiFi agreement is also agreement known to one, according to its network-building method and combine rail The feature of Internet of Things carries out networking.Ultimately forming the network-building method of a kind of mixing, which preferably meets rail letter The collection of breath.
The first step: dispose WLAN service node.Every two lengths of rail are accomplished by arranging the clothes of a WLAN Business node.For double track railway, a service node and eight infrared sensors, four RTDs, eight Large-tonnage pressure sensor is connected.
Second step: scan channel.After the process of a new network is set up in service node initiation, media access control sublayer will be asked letter Road is scanned.Scan channel includes energy scan and two processes of active scan.First channel user specified or physics The channel of all acquiescence of layer carries out an energy scan, with exclusive PCR.Then the channel in can allowing energy value performs master Dynamic scanning, the device descriptor list returned by examination, determine one for the channel setting up new network.
3rd step: configuration network parameter.If scanning a suitable channel, an equipment will be selected to retouch for new network Stating symbol, this device descriptor can be random, it is also possible to specifies, but must is fulfilled for device descriptor uniqueness.If Device descriptor distributes unsuccessfully, and networking process will terminate.
4th step: run new network.After network parameter configures, MAC layer will run new network, and notify WLAN Service node start working.
5th step: allow equipment to add network.Service node opens a timer, allows within the time period of timer Sensor device adds network.
By above five steps, can be eight infrared sensors in two lengths of rail, four RTDs WLAN is added with eight large-tonnage pressure sensors.
2) rail wide area network is built
The service node of multiple WLANs is coupled together, with railroad suboffice as list by 3G and Internet network Position deployment server, the function of server is to collect information that multiple WLAN collects and analyze in real time and locate Reason.
When building rail wide area network, unlike known wide area network build process:
The first step: independent server is set at each railway loading jetty.
Second step: the server of railway loading jetty is connected to the server of Railway Bureau by 3G and Internet network, wherein 3G network is for remote districts, and Internet network is for densely populated area.
3rd step: build the server of Railway Bureau, for collecting the sensor information that each railway loading jetty server is collected With the railway loading jetty handling suggestion to our station lengths of rail, complex optimum, carry out maintenance and the maintenance of rail.
Finally illustrate: the present invention is except being monitored the temperature and pressure of rail and report to the police all right Monitor in urban track traffic and the temperature and pressure of single track of reporting to the police.

Claims (7)

1. rail temperature based on wireless senser and pressure detection method, chooses [1], temperature including temperature sensor The laying of sensor [2], the choosing of pressure sensor [3], the laying of pressure sensor [4], rail Internet of things system Build [5] five steps:
Choosing [1] of temperature sensor: choose known infrared temperature sensor and RTD as detection train The sensor of rail temperature, wherein, infrared temperature sensor is used for measuring the temperature of the matsurface of rail, RTD It is used for measuring the temperature of rail shiny surface;
Laying [2] of temperature sensor: two infrared temperature sensors, one resistance of middle installation are installed in the two ends of a lengths of rail Temperature sensor;
Choosing [3] of pressure sensor: choose large-tonnage pressure sensor to measure rail pressure;
Laying [4] of pressure sensor: pressure sensor is arranged on antimere before and after rail, is used for equalizing measurement rail Pressure;
Building [5] of rail Internet of things system: building of rail Internet of things system is divided into first order WLAN Building of system [6] and building of second level wide area network system [7], it is used for collecting infrared temperature sensor, resistance temperature passes Sensor and large-tonnage pressure sensor send the information come and show these information and process.
Rail temperature based on wireless senser the most according to claim 1 and pressure detection method, its feature exists In: choose [1] of temperature sensor relates to choosing of infrared temperature sensor, its temperature range be-40 degree+125 degree, its Precision is 0.5 degree, its power supply mode be 3 volts of button cells power, its chip requirement be carry thermopile detector chip and Signal transacting dedicated IC chip.
Rail temperature based on wireless senser the most according to claim 1 and pressure detection method, its feature exists In: lay [2] of temperature sensor are to install two infrared temperature sensors and a RTD in every lengths of rail, Wherein infrared temperature sensor is respectively arranged with one at distance rail two ends 1/3rd, and RTD is arranged on rail At 1/2nd.
Rail temperature based on wireless senser the most according to claim 1 and pressure detection method, its feature exists The transducer sensitivity related in the choosing of: pressure sensor [3] is 2.0mv/v, measurement scope is 1 ton 25 tons, material For steel alloy, synthesis precision 0.05.
Rail temperature based on wireless senser the most according to claim 1 and pressure detection method, its feature exists In: lay [4] of pressure sensor are to install a large-tonnage pressure in every lengths of rail at distance rail two ends 1/3rd Force snesor.
Rail temperature based on wireless senser the most according to claim 1 and pressure detection method, its feature exists In: build [5] of rail Internet of things system need to build first order wireless local area network (WLAN) system [6] and second level wide area network system System [7];
First order wireless local area network (WLAN) system [6]: by known Zigbee protocol and WiFi agreement, by the infrared temperature in 10 kilometers Degree sensor, RTD set up into a LAN with large-tonnage pressure sensor, formed Zigbee protocol and The networking mode of WiFi agreement mixing;
Second level wide area network system [7]: the service node of WLAN is coupled together by 3G and Internet network, with Railroad suboffice is unit deployment server, and server collects information that multiple WLAN collects and is analyzed and locates Reason.
Rail temperature based on wireless senser the most according to claim 1 and pressure detection method, its feature exists Collect, in: server, information that multiple WLAN collects and be analyzed and process referring to that the server of railroad suboffice converges Collecting sensor information and the railway loading jetty handling suggestion to our station lengths of rail that each railway loading jetty server is collected, unification is carried out Comprehensive and make maintenance and the maintenance measures of rail.
CN201410298267.3A 2014-06-26 2014-06-26 Rail temperature based on wireless senser and pressure detection method Expired - Fee Related CN104015756B (en)

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