CN104014926A - Aclinal self-upsetting, stirring and friction welding method and tool - Google Patents
Aclinal self-upsetting, stirring and friction welding method and tool Download PDFInfo
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- CN104014926A CN104014926A CN201410234880.9A CN201410234880A CN104014926A CN 104014926 A CN104014926 A CN 104014926A CN 201410234880 A CN201410234880 A CN 201410234880A CN 104014926 A CN104014926 A CN 104014926A
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- stirring
- head
- welding
- mixing needle
- welded
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/12—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding
- B23K20/122—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/12—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding
- B23K20/122—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding
- B23K20/1245—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding characterised by the apparatus
- B23K20/1255—Tools therefor, e.g. characterised by the shape of the probe
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of welding, in particular to an aclinal self-upsetting, stirring and friction welding method and tool. The tool comprises a stirring head and a stirring needle, the stirring head is of a hollow structure, the stirring needle is rotatably arranged in the hollow structure of the stirring head and can stretch and retract in the stirring head, the axis of the stirring head and the axis of the stirring needle are overlapped, a shaft shoulder of the stirring head is provided with a forging boss, and the height of the forging boss is smaller than the height of the stirring portion left after the stirring needle extends out of the stirring head. In the whole welding process, a dip angle adjusting mechanism does not need to be arranged on equipment, complexity of the welding equipment is reduced, the angle between the shaft shoulder of the stirring head and a plane normal of a material to be welded is 0 degree, and accordingly aclinal stirring friction welding is achieved. When an aclinal stirring friction welding technology is adopted in two-dimensional plane welding, the angle of the stirring head does not need to be adjusted at a welding seam corner, welding procedures are reduced, meanwhile, the dip angle adjusting mechanism does not need to be arranged on the equipment, complexity of the welding equipment is reduced, and welding efficiency is improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to welding technology field, be specifically related to aclinal that a kind of connection that is applicable to of the same race, xenogenesis thermoplastic and materials processing, workpiece, defect repair from upset agitating friction welding method and instrument.
Background technology
Friction stir welding solder technology is a kind of novel and potential welding method.The method is utilized a kind of special tool(s)-stirring-head, High Rotation Speed also penetrates workpiece, the contact site of stirring-head and workpiece has produced frictional heat, start to move along welding direction when around metal forms plasticity soften layer until it, in welding process, plastify metal and under stirring-head turning effort, fill the cavity that mixing needle rear forms, and under the stirring of the stirring-head shaft shoulder and mixing needle and top pressure, forge and form tight weld.This technology demonstrates the advantage of a series of uniquenesses in a large amount of experiment and application processes: (1), joint mechanical performance are good; (2), be out of shape little; (3), welding process green, environmental protection; (4), consumptive material is few; (5), welding process is easy and simple to handle; (6), weld defect is few, generally do not produce weld defect; (7), automaticity is high, with short production cycle.
Friction stir welding is described as " green welding technology ", has all obtained extensive application in various fields such as Aeronautics and Astronautics, boats and ships, automobile, electronics, and application depth & wideth present rapid growth situation, there is extraordinary potentiality to be exploited and application prospect.
Although agitating friction welding technology advantage is numerous, not perfect.In welding process, the stirring-head certain angle that conventionally can turn forward, the angle of the normal direction of stirring-head axis and weld seam place plane is called tilt angle.The inclination angle of stirring-head is generally ± and 5 °.Adopt low-angle for thin plate (thickness is 1～6mm), be generally 1～2 °, for cut deal (thickness is greater than 6mm), according to the size of the structure of welded part and welding pressure, the inclination angle of stirring-head adopts 2～5 ° conventionally.Stirring-head and weld seam keep certain inclination angle, and object is can apply certain welding forging force by butt welded seam by the rear edge of stirring-head shoulder in the time of welding.And the squeezing action on edge prevents from plastifying that metal is unordered extrudes after the shaft shoulder, easily cause weld seam internal material not enough and form hole.In the time of straight seam welding, keep fixed angle to be easy to accomplish, but in the time that planar welds, mixing needle incline direction just need to be adjusted in every weld seam turning, reduce operating efficiency, if tilt adjustment is improper or precision is not high, be prone to weld defect.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of friction-stir tool end face and welded piece surface to be 0 ° of angle, and with certain rotary speed and by equipment dynamic device and control device, with welded piece Surface Contact, and welded piece is applied to normal pressure, and on welded piece, stopping the aclinal of welding after certain hour from upset agitating friction welding method and instrument. it can significantly reduce in planar welding process, and mixing needle incline direction required time need to be adjusted in turning and tilt adjustment is improper or precision is not high, the weld defect causing, significantly improve welding quality and welding efficiency.
An object of the present invention is to provide a kind of aclinal from upset agitating friction welding method, comprises the steps,
Step 1, materials to be welded is fixed on workbench, the weld of materials to be welded forms welding bead;
Step 2, stirring-head are placed in the solder side top of materials to be welded, and now, the axis direction of stirring-head overlaps with the normal direction of materials to be welded;
Step 3, stirring-head rotate and decline and put in place, mixing needle on stirring-head is in welding bead, welding bead materials to be welded is around rotated to friction heating, make welding bead materials to be welded around be subject to thermosetting plasticity softening, and move along welding bead direction, in this process, the forging and stamping boss on the stirring-head shaft shoulder keeps in touch and forges and presses with the face of weld of materials to be welded always;
Step 4, in the time that stirring-head moves to welding bead end, mixing needle starts to leave upwards pumpback of welding bead, stirring-head continues rotation and also advances along welding direction, the solder side of forging and stamping boss and materials to be welded keeps in touch; In mixing needle pumpback process, mixing needle slowly departs from welding bead, until mixing needle is extracted completely, completes welding process.
Further, for welding bead end avoids producing keyhole, in step 4, when stirring-head moves to welding bead end, the translational speed along welding bead of stirring-head reduces, and can keep for like this time of the slow pumpback of mixing needle.
Further, for the solder side that makes to have welded combines together fast, after the heating that the materials to be welded around welding bead rubbed at mixing needle weld and advanced along welding bead, employing cooling device carries out cooling to the solder side having welded.Spray cooling medium by cooling device, make the solder side that welded cooling and be fused into entirety fast.
Further, for the frictional heating of cooling medium interference mixing needle, between the coolant outlet end of described cooling device and mixing needle, keep the distance between 8cm-20cm.The cooling medium of cooling device ejection can not exert an influence to the frictional heat of the stirring-head shaft shoulder, mixing needle.
Further, at mixing needle, materials to be welded is rubbed in heating process, temperature sensor detects the temperature of mixing needle, when the temperature detecting is during lower than set temperature, temperature sensor passes to temperature signal to control the controller that is placed in mixing needle inner heating device, and controller is controlled heater mixing needle is heated and makes it reach the temperature of setting.In the time of the stirring-head shaft shoulder, mixing needle frictional heat deficiency, heat by heater mixing needle like this, impel better welding of materials to be welded fusing.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a kind of aclinal from upset friction stir welding soldering appliance, comprise hollow structure stirring-head, be arranged at the rotatable and scalable mixing needle in stirring-head in stirring-head hollow structure, the dead in line of described stirring-head and mixing needle, on the shaft shoulder of stirring-head, be provided with forging and stamping boss, the height of this forging and stamping boss stretches out the length of mixing part after stirring-head lower than mixing needle.
Further, in order to realize the heating to mixing needle, impel the better fusing of soldered material, be provided with heater in mixing needle inside, and for detection of the temperature sensor of mixing needle temperature, temperature sensor is transferred to the temperature detecting a controller of controlling heater work.
Further, the described shaft shoulder is for caving inward or concave-concave ring structure or helical structure.The shaft shoulder can push up on the solder side that is pressed in materials to be welded like this, plays the effect of agitating friction, can also prevent in addition in agitating friction process the effect that friction is splashed.
The mixing part of described mixing needle is taper or cylinder or the screw type that arranges at taper, periphery.
Technique scheme has solved the problems of the prior art: in existing welding process, for the rear edge of stirring-head shoulder in the time welding can apply certain welding forging force by butt welded seam, incidence regulating mechanism need be set this on equipment, while welding to meet, after the stirring-head shaft shoulder, play forging and stamping effect along position butt welded seam, this is in straight seam welding process, fixed angle ratio is easier to accomplish, but in the time that planar welds, welding inclination angle at the weld seam with curve in order to be consistent, equipment incidence regulating mechanism just need adjust, keep and in the past identical welding inclination angle, reduce operating efficiency, if tilt adjustment is improper or precision is not high, be prone to weld defect.Adopt the technical program, the axis direction of stirring-head overlaps with the normal direction of materials to be welded, the solder side angle of the shaft shoulder of stirring-head and materials to be welded is 0 ° like this, forging and stamping boss on the shaft shoulder can contact and compress with the solder side of materials to be welded, by the acting in conjunction of forging and stamping boss and mixing needle, plasticizing under the double action of extruding and friction materials to be welded, fully merge solid phase and is connected, realize the object of welding; In whole welding process, incidence regulating mechanism needn't be set on equipment, reducing welding equipment complexity, is 0 ° by the angle of the stirring-head shaft shoulder and materials to be welded plane normal, thereby realizes the welding of aclinal agitating friction, while adopting aclinal agitating friction welding technology welding planar, do not need to regulate stirring-head angle at weld seam turning, reduce welding sequence, incidence regulating mechanism needn't be set on equipment simultaneously, reduce welding equipment complexity, improve welding efficiency.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of aclinal of the present invention from upset friction stir welding soldering appliance;
Fig. 2 is several typical agitation the schematic diagram of aclinal of the present invention from upset friction stir welding soldering appliance;
Fig. 3 is that aclinal of the present invention is sent out Bi-friction Stirring Welding welding schematic diagram from upset agitating friction stirring-head and independent rotary support shaft shoulder composition;
Fig. 4 is that aclinal of the present invention is from upset agitating friction stirring-head and independent rotary support shaft shoulder composition toroid Bi-friction Stirring Welding welding schematic diagram;
Fig. 5 is aclinal of the present invention another enforcement structure chart from upset friction stir welding soldering appliance;
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, technical scheme of the present invention is further illustrated.
With reference to Fig. 1, aclinal, from upset agitating friction welding method, comprises the steps,
Step 1, materials to be welded is fixed on workbench, the weld of two materials to be welded 1 forms welding bead 2, and the thickness of materials to be welded is 3～100mm;
Step 2, stirring-head 3 are placed in the solder side top of materials to be welded, and stirring-head can be in the optional position of solder side top here, and now, the axis direction of stirring-head overlaps with the normal direction of materials to be welded;
Step 3, stirring-head start to rotate and decline and put in place under the effect of rotating mechanism and elevating mechanism, the elevating mechanism of the rotating mechanism of the driving stirring-head rotation here and the lifting of drive stirring-head is the conventional mechanism that drives stirring-head running, generally application, seldom repeats at this in the prior art, stirring-head is with certain orientation High Rotation Speed, here certain orientation rotation is exactly forward or reverse, and High Rotation Speed is the rotary speed that materials to be welded is melted in order to reach because of friction, the speed is here how many, can set according to different wlding materials, stirring-head 3 declines and makes mixing needle 4 in welding bead, welding bead materials to be welded is around rotated to friction heating, make welding bead materials to be welded around be subject to thermosetting plasticity softening, and move along welding bead direction, in this process, forging and stamping boss 6 on the stirring-head shaft shoulder 5 keeps in touch and forges and presses also friction heating simultaneously with the face of weld of materials to be welded always, make materials to be welded fusing,
Step 4, in the time that stirring-head moves to welding bead end, mixing needle starts to leave upwards pumpback of welding bead, stirring-head continues rotation and also advances along welding direction, the solder side of forging and stamping boss and materials to be welded keeps in touch; In mixing needle pumpback process, mixing needle slowly departs from welding bead, here be slowly to allow in keyhole remain certain pressure, until mixing needle is extracted completely, the final welding keyhole of eliminating, complete without keyhole stir friction welding process, certain stirring-head forging and stamping boss here also can be along with mixing needle in the lump upwards pumpback, and Here it is is arranged to split or entirety by mixing needle and stirring-head; When stirring-head moves to welding bead end, the translational speed along welding bead of stirring-head reduces.
Wherein, after the heating that the materials to be welded around welding bead rubbed at mixing needle weld and advanced along welding bead, employing cooling device carries out cooling to the solder side having welded.Cooling device can adopt coolant pump, between the coolant outlet end of cooling device and mixing needle, keeps the distance between 8cm-20cm.At mixing needle, materials to be welded is rubbed in heating process, temperature sensor 7 detects the temperature of mixing needle, when the temperature detecting is during lower than set temperature, temperature sensor passes to temperature signal to control the controller that is placed in mixing needle inner heating device 8, controller is controlled heater mixing needle is heated and makes it reach the temperature of setting, if the temperature that temperature sensor detects has reached design temperature, just can not restarting heater, heats by controller; The heater here can adopt electrical heating, as electrical heating wire.
Referring to Fig. 1, aclinal is from upset friction stir welding soldering appliance, comprise hollow structure stirring-head 3, be arranged at the rotatable and scalable mixing needle 4 in stirring-head in stirring-head hollow structure, the dead in line of described stirring-head and mixing needle, on the shaft shoulder 5 of stirring-head, be fixedly installed forging and stamping boss 6, forging and stamping boss can weld with stirring-head, the fixed form such as riveted joint is connected or also can be made of one piece, and the height that forges and presses boss stretches out the length of mixing part after stirring-head lower than mixing needle.
Mixing needle inside is provided with heater 8, and for detection of the temperature sensor 7 of mixing needle temperature, temperature sensor is transferred to the temperature detecting a controller of controlling heater work, this controller can be assemblied in that stirring-head is outer to combine with the controller of whole welder, and the operation principle of heater, temperature sensor, controller is the same with the technical scheme of method above here; The shaft shoulder is for caving inward or concave-concave ring structure or helical structure.The mixing part of mixing needle is taper or cylinder or the screw type that arranges at taper, periphery.
Fig. 2 shows several typical agitation the schematic diagram of aclinal of the present invention from upset friction stir welding soldering appliance; There is shown the different structure of forging and stamping boss, if the cross section in A is to bend and circular combination, cross section in B is heart-shaped structure, cross section in C is arcuate structure, cross section in D is ellipsoidal structure, cross section in E is circular configuration, and the forging and stamping boss that shows of F, G, the H quantity and the position that arrange, and these structures all can well realize forging and stamping and the friction to soldered material solder side.
Fig. 3, in 4, aclinal supports the shaft shoulder 9 from upset stirring friction welding agitator head 3 and revolution and forms welding by both sides connection device, materials to be welded 1 can be aluminium alloy of the same race or heterogeneity aluminum alloy, version is docking vertical masonry joint, to overlap joint vertical masonry joint, docking circumferential weld or to overlap joint circumferential weld, it is identical or contrary that aclinal supports shaft shoulder direction of rotation from upset stirring friction welding agitator head direction of rotation and revolution, aclinal is from the axis direction of upset stirring friction welding agitator head, the axis direction that the shaft shoulder is supported in materials to be welded normal direction and revolution overlaps, such welding manner can further promote the fastness of welding between materials to be welded.
Fig. 5 shows aclinal another enforcement structure from upset friction stir welding soldering appliance, soldering appliance comprises the stirring-head 10 of internal cavities, in stirring-head cavity, be provided with the mixing needle 11 with stirring-head coaxial line, the lower end agitating friction part 110 of mixing needle is taper, stirring-head and mixing needle are all rotatable, between mixing needle outer wall and stirring-head inwall, there is assembly space 12, in assembly space, be provided with the sleeve pipe 13 being enclosed within on mixing needle, sleeve pipe can with or do not rotate in the lump with mixing needle, on sleeve pipe, be arranged with can be on sleeve pipe reciprocating throw-out collar 14, and be fixedly installed on the rolling disc 15 on sleeve pipe, on the inner side, upper surface of this rolling disc, offer annular groove 16 is installed, install in annular groove and be provided with its one end of axial promotion, the other end can radial motion bent connecting rod 17, the middle part of bent connecting rod is pinned at installs in annular groove, bent connecting rod can rotate around bearing pin 18 like this, one end of bent connecting rod radial motion is fixedly installed pushing block 19, between this pushing block and sleeve outer wall, be provided with elastic component 20, elastic component can be spring or shell fragment, inner side, lower surface at rolling disc offers the slotted hole 21 of stepping down being connected with above-mentioned installation annular groove, on pushing block 19, be fixedly installed through the joint pin 22 of slotted hole 21 outside rolling disc lower surface of stepping down, be fixedly installed inclined-plane sports ring 23 in joint pin bottom, the inclined-plane, lower end of the inclined-plane on inclined-plane sports ring and mixing needle matches, the axially-movable end of bent connecting rod is provided with inclined-plane 24, on throw-out collar, be provided with the promotion inclined-plane 25 coordinating with inclined-plane 24, for anti-thrust ring 14 declined position, on sleeve pipe, be fixedly installed restraining position ring block 26, mixing needle inside is cavity, is wherein provided with temperature sensor and heater.Its operation principle is: throw-out collar 14 is under the effect of catch bar 27, move downward, promotion inclined-plane 25 on it coordinates with bent connecting rod inclined-plane 24, the upper end of bent connecting rod expands outwardly like this, and other one end of bent connecting rod drives pushing block 19 compression elastic piece radial motions, inclined-plane sports ring 23 just can eject to mixing needle direction like this, in mixing needle pumpback process, the inclined-plane of inclined-plane sports ring almost contacts with the taper surface of mixing needle lower end, and mixing needle rotates, the materials to be welded residue being stained with on mixing needle like this, just can be scraped by inclined-plane sports ring, realize the function of Automatic clearance mixing needle, and before mixing needle declines, catch bar 27 is cancelled the thrust to throw-out collar 14, like this under the effect of elastic component, inclined-plane sports ring can set back, be lower surface and the stirring-head shaft shoulder 28 maintenance levels of inclined-plane sports ring, can not hinder like this agitating friction welding.
Claims (9)
1. aclinal, from upset agitating friction welding method, is characterized in that, comprise the steps,
Step 1, materials to be welded is fixed on workbench, the weld of materials to be welded forms welding bead;
Step 2, stirring-head are placed in the solder side top of materials to be welded, and now, the axis direction of stirring-head overlaps with the normal direction of materials to be welded;
Step 3, stirring-head rotate and decline and put in place, mixing needle on stirring-head is in welding bead, welding bead materials to be welded is around rotated to friction heating, make welding bead materials to be welded around be subject to thermosetting plasticity softening, and move along welding bead direction, in this process, the forging and stamping boss on the stirring-head shaft shoulder keeps in touch and forges and presses with the face of weld of materials to be welded always;
Step 4, in the time that stirring-head moves to welding bead end, mixing needle starts to leave upwards pumpback of welding bead, stirring-head continues rotation and also advances along welding direction, the solder side of forging and stamping boss and materials to be welded keeps in touch; In mixing needle pumpback process, mixing needle slowly departs from welding bead, until mixing needle is extracted completely, completes welding process.
2. aclinal according to claim 1, from upset agitating friction welding method, is characterized in that, in step 4, when stirring-head moves to welding bead end, the translational speed along welding bead of stirring-head reduces.
3. aclinal according to claim 1 is from upset agitating friction welding method, it is characterized in that, after the heating that materials to be welded around welding bead rubbed at mixing needle weld and advanced along welding bead, employing cooling device carries out cooling to the solder side having welded.
4. aclinal according to claim 3, from upset agitating friction welding method, is characterized in that, between the coolant outlet end of described cooling device and mixing needle, keeps the distance between 8cm-20cm.
According to the aclinal described in any one in claim 1-4 from upset agitating friction welding method, it is characterized in that, at mixing needle, materials to be welded is rubbed in heating process, temperature sensor detects the temperature of mixing needle, when the temperature detecting is during lower than set temperature, temperature sensor passes to temperature signal to control the controller that is placed in mixing needle inner heating device, and controller is controlled heater mixing needle is heated and makes it reach the temperature of setting.
6. aclinal is from upset friction stir welding soldering appliance, it is characterized in that, comprise hollow structure stirring-head, be arranged at the rotatable and scalable mixing needle in stirring-head in stirring-head hollow structure, the dead in line of described stirring-head and mixing needle, on the shaft shoulder of stirring-head, be provided with forging and stamping boss, the height of this forging and stamping boss stretches out the length of mixing part after stirring-head lower than mixing needle.
7. aclinal according to claim 6 is from upset friction stir welding soldering appliance, it is characterized in that, mixing needle inside is provided with heater, and for detection of the temperature sensor of mixing needle temperature, temperature sensor is transferred to the temperature detecting a controller of controlling heater work.
8. aclinal according to claim 6, from upset friction stir welding soldering appliance, is characterized in that, the described shaft shoulder is for caving inward or concave-concave ring structure or helical structure.
9. aclinal according to claim 6, from upset friction stir welding soldering appliance, is characterized in that, the mixing part of described mixing needle is taper or cylinder or the screw type that arranges at taper, periphery.
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| CN201410234880.9A CN104014926B (en) | 2014-05-30 | 2014-05-30 | Aclinal is from upset agitating friction welding method and instrument |
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