CN104010857B - 混合动力汽车的控制装置和用于其运行的方法 - Google Patents
混合动力汽车的控制装置和用于其运行的方法 Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B63/00—Adaptations of engines for driving pumps, hand-held tools or electric generators; Portable combinations of engines with engine-driven devices
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Abstract
用于混合动力汽车的控制装置(11)和用于其运行的方法,该混合动力汽车具有动力总成,该动力总成具有包括内燃机(2)和电机(3)的混合动力驱动机构(1)、接在混合动力驱动机构的内燃机(2)与电机(3)之间的离合器(6)、和接在混合动力驱动机构(1)与从动机构(4)之间的自动的或者自动化的变速器(5),其中,如果混合动力汽车在内燃机(2)停机的情况下从行驶转为停止状态,那么所述控制装置(11)一方面自动地确定用于接下来发动内燃机(2)使混合动力汽车离开停止状态的起动模式,并且另一方面通过提供相应的控制信号,至少使得变速器(5)和接在混合动力驱动机构(1)的内燃机(2)与电机(3)之间的离合器(6)自动地转变到适配于所确定的起动模式的状态中。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种混合动力汽车的控制装置。此外,本发明还涉及一种用于运行具有包括内燃机和电机的混合动力驱动机构的混合动力汽车的方法。
背景技术
混合动力汽车具有包括内燃机和电机的混合动力驱动机构。在混合动力汽车的混合动力驱动机构与它的从动机构之间接有变速器,也就是自动变速器或者自动化的变速器。自动化的变速器也被称为动力换挡变速器(Lastschaltgetriebe)。
如果混合动力汽车从行驶转为停止状态,那么由实践已经公知的是,通过针对混合动力驱动机构的内燃机的所谓的停车-起动-功能在机动车处于停止状态时使内燃机停机,并且之后例如由在驾驶员侧的行驶踏板操作来触发内燃机再次发动。这例如可能在机动车停在交通灯处时或者在交通堵塞时发生。
对于由实践公知的、具有自动变速器的混合动力汽车,在断开或者说停机的内燃机的情况下,混合动力驱动机构的电机被接合到内燃机上,并且变速器转变到空挡中。
对于由实践公知的、具有自动化变速器的混合动力汽车,在混合动力汽车处于停止状态时,内燃机与混合动力驱动机构的电机分离,并且在变速器中挂入起步挡。
如果接下来例如因为在驾驶员侧操作行驶踏板而触发内燃机发动,那么存在以下问题:变速器的状态以及接在混合动力驱动机构的内燃机与电机之间的离合器的状态不能适合机动车要使用的起动模式,从而在真正发动内燃机之前,变速器和接在混合动力驱动机构的内燃机与电机之间的离合器首先必须转变到适合于要使用的起动模式的状态中。由此延长了发动内燃机需要的持续时间,那么因此混合动力汽车只能在有时间延迟的情况下开动。
发明内容
由此出发,本发明基于如下任务:实现一种新式的控制装置和一种新式的、用于运行混合动力汽车的方法。该任务通过按照本发明的控制装置解决。如果混合动力汽车在内燃机停机的情况下从行驶转为停止状态,那么控制装置自动地确定用于接下来发动内燃机使混合动力汽车离开停止状态的起动模式。控制装置还通过提供相应的控制信号,至少使得变速器和接在混合动力驱动机构的内燃机与电机之间的离合器自动地转变到适配于所确定的起动模式的状态中。
借助本发明规定,如果混合动力汽车在内燃机停机的情况下从行驶转为停止状态,那么混合动力汽车的控制装置就自动地确定用于接下来发动内燃机使混合动力汽车离开停止状态的起动模式,并且控制装置还通过提供相应的控制信号,使得变速器和接在混合动力驱动机构的内燃机与电机之间的离合器自动地转变到适合于所确定的用于发动内燃机的起动模式的状态中。
由此确保,在要求发动内燃机之前,也就是例如在驾驶员侧操作行驶踏板之前,变速器和接在混合动力驱动机构的内燃机与电机之间的离合器采用了适配于起动模式的状态,从而总是能够在时间上最优地执行接下来对内燃机的发动。由此避免了在发动内燃机时发生延迟。控制装置优选地在内燃机停机以后立即紧接着确定用于接下来发动内燃机的起动模式。控制装置还在内燃机停机以后立即紧接着至少使得变速器和接在内燃机与电机之间的离合器转变到适配于起动模式的状态中,也就是在为内燃机确定起动模式的同时或者立即紧接着其后。
优选地,控制装置要么把通过启动器的起动模式、要么把通过混合动力驱动机构的电机的起动模式确定为起动模式,其中,控制装置要么把通过电机的直接起动、要么把通过电机的脉冲起动确定为通过混合动力驱动机构的电机的起动模式。以上这些用于起动内燃机使混合动力汽车离开停止状态的起动模式是特别有利的,并且允许依据机动车的限定的运行条件最佳地发动内燃机。
按照有利的改进方案,如果控制装置自动地确定了通过启动器的起动模式,那么控制装置就自动地打开接在混合动力驱动机构的内燃机与电机之间的离合器。优选地,控制装置在此还在变速器中自动地挂入挡位。出于安全原因,变速器替选地也可以转变到空挡中。
相反地,如果控制装置自动地确定了通过混合动力驱动机构的电机的起动模式,那么控制装置自动地将变速器转变到空挡中,和/或自动地打开接在电机与变速器之间的离合器。
如果控制装置把通过混合动力驱动机构的电机的直接起动确定为起动模式,那么控制装置自动地闭合接在混合动力驱动机构的内燃机与电机之间的离合器。如果控制装置把通过混合动力驱动机构的电机的脉冲起动确定为起动模式,那么控制装置首先自动地打开接在内燃机与电机之间的离合器,并且直到电机加速到为脉冲起动所限定的转数时,控制装置才为了发动内燃机而闭合该离合器。
利用以上细节能够依据所选的起动模式确保变速器和接在电机与变速器之间的离合器处于适配的状态,从而在时间上最优化地确保内燃机的发动。
优选地,控制装置依据内燃机的温度、和/或依据电机的温度、和/或依据环境温度、和/或依据与电机共同作用的高电压能量存储器的电量状况、和/或依据与启动器共同作用的低电压能量存储器的电量状况、和/或依据变速器的换挡杆的位置自动地确定起动模式。依据动力总成的以上运行条件,能够简单并可靠地为发动内燃机自动选择起动模式。
总之,根据本发明,限定了一种用于混合动力汽车的控制装置,所述混合动力汽车具有动力总成,所述动力总成具有:包括内燃机和电机的混合动力驱动机构、接在所述混合动力驱动机构的内燃机与电机之间的离合器、和接在所述混合动力驱动机构与从动机构之间的自动的或者自动化的变速器,其特征在于,如果所述混合动力汽车在所述内燃机停机的情况下从行驶转为停止状态,那么所述控制装置一方面自动地确定用于接下来发动所述内燃机使所述混合动力汽车离开停止状态的起动模式,并且另一方面通过提供相应的控制信号,至少使得所述变速器和所述接在所述混合动力驱动机构的内燃机与电机之间的离合器自动地转变到适配于所确定的起动模式的状态中,其中,所述控制装置要么把通过启动器的起动模式、要么把通过所述混合动力驱动机构的电机的起动模式自动确定为起动模式,其中,所述控制装置要么把通过所述电机的直接起动、要么把通过所述电机的脉冲起动自动确定为通过所述混合动力驱动机构的电机的起动模式。
还限定了一种根据本发明的用于运行混合动力汽车的方法,所述混合动力汽车具有包括内燃机和电机的混合动力驱动机构、接在内燃机与电机之间的离合器、和自动的或者自动化的变速器,其特征在于,如果所述混合动力汽车在所述内燃机停机的情况下从行驶转为停止状态,那么一方面自动地确定用于接下来发动所述内燃机使所述混合动力汽车离开停止状态的起动模式,并且另一方面至少使得所述变速器和所述接在内燃机与电机之间的离合器自动地转变到适配于所确定的起动模式的状态中,其中,要么把通过启动器的起动模式、要么把通过所述混合动力驱动机构的电机的起动模式自动确定为起动模式,其中,要么把通过所述电机的直接起动、要么把通过所述电机的脉冲起动自动确定为通过所述混合动力驱动机构的电机的起动模式。
附图说明
本发明的优选改进方案由下面的描述得出。借助附图更详尽地阐述本发明的实施例,但对此不构成局限。其中:
图1示出混合动力汽车的示例性的示意图。
具体实施方式
本发明涉及一种用于混合动力汽车的控制装置和一种用于运行混合动力汽车的方法。下面参照图1所示的示例性的动力总成描述本发明。图1示出了混合动力汽车的示例性的动力总成,动力总成具有包括内燃机2和电机3的混合动力驱动机构1。在混合动力驱动机构1(也就是电机3本身)与从动机构4之间接有变速器5,其中,变速器5可以是自动的变速器或者自动化的变速器。根据图1,在混合动力驱动机构1的内燃机2与电机3之间接有离合器6,离合器6为了将内燃机2接合到从动机构4上而闭合,并且为了将内燃机2与从动机构4分离而打开。图1示出,能够备选地存在有另一离合器7,它可以接在电机3与变速器5之间。
此外,图1示出了启动器8,借助它能够起动混合动力驱动机构的内燃机2。启动器8从低电压能量存储器10中获取电能,其中,低电压能量存储器10通常是混合动力汽车的车载电气网络电池。电机3与高电压能量存储器9共同作用,其中,高电压能量存储器9在电机3马达式地运行时能够被电机较强烈地放电,并且在电机3发电机式地运行时能够被电机较强烈地充电。
此外,图1示出了控制装置11,其中,它可以是混合动力控制装置或者是变速器控制装置。控制装置11接收许多输入信号,基于这些输入信号生成许多输出信号,从而控制和/或调节混合动力汽车的动力总成的各个组件的运行。
控制装置11的输入量例如是内燃机2的温度,其可以由温度传感器12采集,并且提供给控制装置11。其他的输入量是电机3的温度,其可以由温度传感器13采集并且提供给控制装置11,以及环境温度,其可以由温度传感器14采集并且提供给控制装置11。用于控制装置11的其他的输入量例如是高电压能量存储器9的电量状态(State of Charge,充电状态)、低电压能量存储器10的电量状态、以及变速器5的换挡杆15的操作状态。除了上述的输入量以外,还可以为控制装置11提供其他的输入量。
现在,本发明涉及控制装置11的这些细节以及用于运行混合动力汽车的方法,如果混合动力汽车在内燃机2停机的情况下从行驶转为停止状态,那么利用该方法就能够接下来在时间上最优地实施内燃机2的发动,从而接下来确保混合动力汽车无延迟地开动。
在本发明的意义上,如果混合动力汽车在内燃机2停机的情况下从行驶转为停止状态,那么控制装置11就自动地为接下来发动内燃机2使混合动力汽车离开停止状态确定起动模式。
在此,控制装置11能够自动地依据混合动力汽车的运行参量,自动地要么把通过启动器8的起动模式、要么把通过混合动力驱动机构1的电机3的起动模式确定为接下来发动内燃机的起动模式,其中,能够自动地通过控制装置11要么把通过电机3进行所谓的直接起动、要么把通过电机3进行所谓的脉冲起动确定为通过混合动力驱动机构的电机3的起动模式。
控制装置11依据混合动力汽车的运行参量确定用于接下来发动内燃机2的起动模式,那么例如依据由温度传感器12采集的内燃机2的温度,和/或依据由温度传感器13采集的电机3的温度,和/或依据由温度传感器14采集的混合动力汽车的环境温度。此外,控制装置能够依据与电机3共同作用的高电压能量存储器9的电量状态、和/或依据与启动器8共同作用的低电压能量存储器10的电量状态自动地确定起动模式。作为用于通过控制装置11自动地确定起动模式的其他运行参量,还为该控制装置提供变速器5的换挡杆15的位置。
如果例如与电机3共同作用的高电压能量存储器9的电量状态对于通过电机3发动内燃机2来说太低,那么控制装置11确定通过启动器8的起动模式。相反地,如果内燃机2的温度太低,该温度需要增大的力矩以用于发动该内燃机,而由启动器8不能产生该力矩,那么控制装置11确定通过混合动力驱动机构1的电机3的起动模式。
控制装置11在内燃机2停机以后立即紧接着确定用于接下来发动内燃机2的起动模式。
在本发明的意义上,如果混合动力汽车在内燃机2停机的情况下从行驶转为停止状态,那么控制装置11不仅自动地为接下来发动内燃机2确定起动模式,而且该控制装置11还通过所提供的相应控制信号,使得变速器5和接在混合动力驱动机构1的内燃机2与电机3之间的离合器6自动地转变到适配于所确定的起动模式的状态中。控制装置11在内燃机2停机以后立即紧接着至少将变速器5与接在内燃机2与电机3之间的离合器6转变到对此相适配的状态中,也就是在为内燃机2确定起动模式的同时或者立即紧接其后。于是,因为在触发内燃机2发动的事件出现或者说发生时,混合动力汽车的变速器5和接在内燃机2与电机3之间的离合器6已经具有或者说采用适配于所确定的起动模式的状态,所以,如果接下来例如通过在驾驶员侧操作混合动力汽车的行驶踏板来要求或者说触发内燃机2的发动,那么就确保了在时间上最优地发动内燃机2。
如果控制装置11依据混合动力汽车的运行参量确定了通过启动器8的起动模式,那么控制装置11自动地打开接在混合动力驱动机构1的内燃机2与电机3之间的离合器6,也就是通过为离合器6提供相应的控制信号,其中,控制装置11将这个控制信号要么直接地要么间接地通过另一个控制装置提供给离合器6的执行器。
此外,在这种情况下,也就是在通过启动器8的起动模式下,控制装置11在变速器5中优选自动地挂入挡位,接在电机3与变速器5之间的一个和/或备选存在的离合器7由控制装置11自动地闭合,也就是通过为变速器5和/或备选离合器7提供相应的控制信号,这些控制信号又是由控制装置11直接地或者间接地通过另一个控制装置提供给变速器5和/或备选离合器7的执行器的。
出于安全原因,对于通过启动器8的起动模式,变速器5替选地也可以转变到空挡中。
相反地,如果控制装置11为接下来发动内燃机2使混合动力汽车离开停止状态而确定了通过混合动力驱动机构1的电机3的起动模式,那么控制装置11就自动地将变速器5转变到空挡中,和/或由控制装置11自动地打开备选的离合器7,也就是通过为这个结构组合的执行器直接地或者间接地提供相应的控制信号。
如果通过混合动力驱动机构1的电机3的直接起动被控制装置11确定为起动模式,那么控制装置11就为此直接闭合接在内燃机2与电机3之间的离合器6。
相反地,如果把通过电机3的脉冲起动确定为起动模式,那么控制装置11首先自动地打开接在内燃机2与电机3之间的离合器6,其中,直到电机3加速到为脉冲起动所限定的转数时,控制装置11才为了发动内燃机2而自动地闭合该离合器6。
因此利用本发明能够确保,如果混合动力汽车从行驶转为停止状态,并且此时混合动力驱动机构1的内燃机2停机,那么一方面由控制装置11确定用于接下来发动内燃机2的起动模式,并且另一方面,控制装置11将混合动力汽车的动力总成的组件(也就是变速器5和接在内燃机2与电机3之间的离合器6)自动地转变到适配于所选择的起动模式的状态中,从而在发生触发内燃机2发动的事件之前(也就是例如在驾驶员侧操作行驶踏板之前)动力总成就已经采用了适合于所选择的起动模式的状态。在这种情况下,能够实现更迅速地发动内燃机2,并且能够实现混合动力汽车离开其停止状态的无延迟的起步。由此能够通过提升内燃机的发动动态来提高停车-起动-功能在驾驶员侧的接受度。
如要混合动力汽车要以纯电的方式起步离开停止状态,并且不希望发动内燃机2,那么变速器5和离合器6转变到如下状态中,该状态相应于通过启动器的起动模式的状态。
附图标记列表
1 驱动总成/混合动力驱动机构
2 内燃机
3 电机
4 从动机构
5 变速器
6 离合器
7 离合器
8 启动器
9 高电压能量存储器
10 低电压能量存储器
11 控制装置
12 温度传感器
13 温度传感器
14 温度传感器
15 换挡杆
Claims (22)
1.一种用于混合动力汽车的控制装置(11),所述混合动力汽车具有动力总成,所述动力总成具有:
包括内燃机(2)和电机(3)的混合动力驱动机构(1)、
接在所述混合动力驱动机构(1)的内燃机(2)与电机(3)之间的离合器(6)、和
接在所述混合动力驱动机构(1)与从动机构(4)之间的自动的或者自动化的变速器(5),
其特征在于,如果所述混合动力汽车在所述内燃机(2)停机的情况下从行驶转为停止状态,那么所述控制装置(11)一方面自动地确定用于接下来发动所述内燃机(2)使所述混合动力汽车离开停止状态的起动模式,并且另一方面通过提供相应的控制信号,至少使得所述变速器(5)和接在所述混合动力驱动机构的内燃机(2)与电机(3)之间的离合器(6)自动地转变到适配于所确定的起动模式的状态中,
其中,所述控制装置要么把通过启动器(8)的起动模式、要么把通过所述混合动力驱动机构的电机(3)的起动模式自动确定为起动模式,其中,所述控制装置要么把通过所述电机的直接起动、要么把通过所述电机的脉冲起动自动确定为通过所述混合动力驱动机构的电机(3)的起动模式。
2.按照权利要求1所述的控制装置,其特征在于,所述控制装置在所述内燃机(2)停机以后立即紧接着确定用于接下来发动所述内燃机(2)的起动模式,并且所述控制装置还在所述内燃机(2)停机以后立即紧接着至少使得所述变速器(5)和接在所述混合动力驱动机构(1)的内燃机(2)与电机(3)之间的离合器(6)转变到适配于所确定的起动模式的状态中。
3.按照权利要求1或2所述的控制装置,其特征在于,所述控制装置依据所述内燃机(2)的温度、和/或依据所述电机(3)的温度、和/或依据环境温度、和/或依据与所述电机(3)共同作用的高电压能量存储器(9)的电量状况、和/或依据与启动器(8)共同作用的低电压能量存储器(10)的电量状况自动地确定用于接下来发动所述内燃机(2)的起动模式。
4.按照权利要求1或2所述的控制装置,其特征在于,所述控制装置依据所述变速器(5)的换挡杆(15)的位置自动地确定起动模式。
5.按照权利要求1所述的控制装置,其特征在于,如果所述控制装置自动地确定了通过启动器(8)的起动模式,那么所述控制装置自动地打开接在所述混合动力驱动机构的内燃机(2)与电机(3)之间的离合器(6)。
6.按照权利要求5所述的控制装置,其特征在于,所述控制装置还在所述变速器(5)中自动地挂入挡位,和/或自动地闭合接在所述电机(3)与所述变速器(5)之间的离合器(7)。
7.按照权利要求5所述的控制装置,其特征在于,所述控制装置还将所述变速器(5)自动地转变到空挡中。
8.按照权利要求1所述的控制装置,其特征在于,如果所述控制装置自动地确定了通过所述混合动力驱动机构的电机(3)的起动模式,那么所述控制装置自动地将所述变速器(5)转变到空挡中,和/或自动地打开接在所述电机(3)与所述变速器(5)之间的离合器(7)。
9.按照权利要求8所述的控制装置,其特征在于,如果所述控制装置把通过所述电机的直接起动确定为起动模式,那么所述控制装置自动地闭合接在所述混合动力驱动机构的内燃机(2)与电机(3)之间的离合器(6)。
10.按照权利要求8所述的控制装置,其特征在于,如果所述控制装置把通过所述电机的脉冲起动确定为起动模式,那么所述控制装置首先自动地打开接在所述混合动力驱动机构(1)的内燃机(2)与电机(3)之间的离合器(6),并且直到所述电机加速到限定的转数时,所述控制装置才为了发动所述内燃机而自动地闭合接在所述混合动力驱动机构(1)的内燃机(2)与电机(3)之间的离合器。
11.按照权利要求1或2所述的控制装置,其特征在于,所述控制装置在为所述内燃机(2)确定起动模式的同时或者立即紧接着其后至少使得所述变速器(5)和接在所述混合动力驱动机构(1)的内燃机(2)与电机(3)之间的离合器(6)自动地转变到适配于所确定的起动模式的状态中,从而所述变速器(5)和接在所述混合动力驱动机构(1)的内燃机与电机之间的离合器(6)在触发所述内燃机发动的事件发生之前就采用适配于所确定的起动模式的状态。
12.一种用于运行混合动力汽车的方法,所述混合动力汽车具有包括内燃机和电机的混合动力驱动机构、接在所述混合动力驱动机构的内燃机与电机之间的离合器、和自动的或者自动化的变速器,
其特征在于,如果所述混合动力汽车在所述内燃机停机的情况下从行驶转为停止状态,那么一方面自动地确定用于接下来发动所述内燃机(2)使所述混合动力汽车离开停止状态的起动模式,并且另一方面至少使得所述变速器和接在所述混合动力驱动机构的内燃机与电机之间的离合器自动地转变到适配于所确定的起动模式的状态中,
其中,要么把通过启动器(8)的起动模式、要么把通过所述混合动力驱动机构的电机(3)的起动模式自动确定为起动模式,其中,要么把通过所述电机的直接起动、要么把通过所述电机的脉冲起动自动确定为通过所述混合动力驱动机构的电机(3)的起动模式。
13.按照权利要求12所述的方法,其特征在于,在所述内燃机(2)停机以后立即紧接着确定用于接下来发动所述内燃机(2)的起动模式,并且还在所述内燃机(2)停机以后立即紧接着至少使得所述变速器(5)和接在所述混合动力驱动机构的内燃机(2)与电机(3)之间的离合器(6)转变到适配于所确定的起动模式的状态中。
14.按照权利要求12或13所述的方法,其特征在于,依据所述内燃机(2)的温度、和/或依据所述电机(3)的温度、和/或依据环境温度、和/或依据与所述电机(3)共同作用的高电压能量存储器(9)的电量状况、和/或依据与启动器(8)共同作用的低电压能量存储器(10)的电量状况自动地确定用于接下来发动所述内燃机(2)的起动模式。
15.按照权利要求12或13所述的方法,其特征在于,依据所述变速器(5)的换挡杆(15)的位置自动地确定起动模式。
16.按照权利要求12所述的方法,其特征在于,如果自动地确定了通过启动器(8)的起动模式,那么自动地打开接在所述混合动力驱动机构的内燃机(2)与电机(3)之间的离合器(6)。
17.按照权利要求16所述的方法,其特征在于,还在所述变速器(5)中自动地挂入挡位,和/或自动地闭合接在所述电机(3)与所述变速器(5)之间的离合器(7)。
18.按照权利要求16所述的方法,其特征在于,还将所述变速器(5)自动地转变到空挡中。
19.按照权利要求12所述的方法,其特征在于,如果自动地确定了通过所述混合动力驱动机构的电机(3)的起动模式,那么自动地将所述变速器(5)转变到空挡中,和/或自动地打开接在所述电机(3)与所述变速器(5)之间的离合器(7)。
20.按照权利要求19所述的方法,其特征在于,如果把通过所述电机的直接起动确定为起动模式,那么自动地闭合接在所述混合动力驱动机构的内燃机(2)与电机(3)之间的离合器(6)。
21.按照权利要求19所述的方法,其特征在于,如果把通过所述电机的脉冲起动确定为起动模式,那么首先自动地打开接在所述混合动力驱动机构的内燃机(2)与电机(3)之间的离合器(6),并且直到所述电机加速到限定的转数时,才为了发动所述内燃机而自动地闭合接在所述混合动力驱动机构的内燃机(2)与电机(3)之间的离合器。
22.按照权利要求12或13所述的方法,其特征在于,在为所述内燃机(2)确定起动模式的同时或者立即紧接着其后至少使得所述变速器(5)和接在所述混合动力驱动机构的内燃机(2)与电机(3)之间的离合器(6)自动地转变到适配于所确定的起动模式的状态中,从而所述变速器(5)和接在所述混合动力驱动机构的内燃机与电机之间的离合器(6)在触发所述内燃机发动的事件发生之前就采用适配于所确定的起动模式的状态。
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