CN104009288A - Millimeter-wave wide-beam and high-gain lens antenna - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种毫米波宽波束高增益透镜天线，其包括微带辐射天线阵、平面缝隙阵、微带馈线阵、准半球形介质透镜、第一介质基板、第二介质基板、第三介质基板、第四介质基板、扩展部分，扩展部分、第一介质基板、微带辐射天线阵、第二介质基板、平面缝隙阵、第三介质基板、微带馈线阵、第四介质基板依次排放，准半球形介质透镜位于扩展部分的顶端上，所述微带馈线阵通过平面缝隙阵激励微带辐射天线阵进行辐射，所辐射的电磁波通过所述准半球面介质透镜实现宽波束再进行定向辐射。本发明毫米波宽波束高增益透镜天线具有高增益和宽波束特性。
The present invention provides a millimeter-wave wide-beam high-gain lens antenna, which includes a microstrip radiation antenna array, a planar slot array, a microstrip feeder array, a quasi-hemispherical dielectric lens, a first dielectric substrate, a second dielectric substrate, a third The dielectric substrate, the fourth dielectric substrate, the extension part, the extension part, the first dielectric substrate, the microstrip radiation antenna array, the second dielectric substrate, the planar slot array, the third dielectric substrate, the microstrip feeder array, and the fourth dielectric substrate are arranged in sequence , the quasi-hemispherical dielectric lens is located on the top of the extension part, the microstrip feeder array excites the microstrip radiation antenna array to radiate through the planar slot array, and the radiated electromagnetic waves are oriented through the quasi-hemispherical dielectric lens to realize a wide beam radiation. The millimeter-wave wide-beam high-gain lens antenna of the present invention has high-gain and wide-beam characteristics.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及一种天线，具体地，涉及一种毫米波宽波束高增益透镜天线。The present invention relates to an antenna, in particular to a millimeter-wave wide-beam high-gain lens antenna.
背景技术Background technique
60GHz毫米波无线通信具有频宽大、传输速率快、安全性和抗干扰性好等优点，将成为室内无线接入、汽车雷达、医疗成像等领域的应用热点。2013年，“国家863计划”已将60GHz毫米波无线通信列入2014、2015及2016年的重大科研计划。60GHz millimeter wave wireless communication has the advantages of large bandwidth, fast transmission rate, good security and anti-interference, and will become a hot spot for applications in indoor wireless access, automotive radar, medical imaging and other fields. In 2013, the "National 863 Program" has included 60GHz millimeter wave wireless communication in the major scientific research programs in 2014, 2015 and 2016.
如何在60GHz毫米波频段实现宽波束高增益定向辐射，这是一个至今尚未解决好的技术问题，针对这一问题，本发明提出了一种毫米波宽波束高增益透镜天线，根据电磁仿真结果显示，本发明天线具有高增益和宽波束特性并且容易实现。How to realize wide-beam high-gain directional radiation in the 60GHz millimeter-wave frequency band is a technical problem that has not yet been solved. To solve this problem, the present invention proposes a millimeter-wave wide-beam high-gain lens antenna. According to the electromagnetic simulation results, , the antenna of the present invention has high gain and wide beam characteristics and is easy to implement.
发明内容Contents of the invention
针对现有技术中的缺陷，本发明的目的是提供一种毫米波宽波束高增益透镜天线。Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the object of the present invention is to provide a millimeter-wave wide-beam high-gain lens antenna.
根据本发明的一个方面，提供一种毫米波宽波束高增益透镜天线，其特征在于，其包括微带辐射天线阵、平面缝隙阵、微带馈线阵、准半球形介质透镜、第一介质基板、第二介质基板、第三介质基板、第四介质基板、扩展部分，扩展部分、第一介质基板、微带辐射天线阵、第二介质基板、平面缝隙阵、第三介质基板、微带馈线阵、第四介质基板依次排放，准半球形介质透镜位于扩展部分的顶端上，所述微带馈线阵通过平面缝隙阵激励微带辐射天线阵进行辐射，所辐射的电磁波通过所述准半球面介质透镜实现宽波束再进行定向辐射。According to one aspect of the present invention, a millimeter-wave wide-beam high-gain lens antenna is provided, which is characterized in that it includes a microstrip radiation antenna array, a planar slot array, a microstrip feeder array, a quasi-hemispherical dielectric lens, and a first dielectric substrate , second dielectric substrate, third dielectric substrate, fourth dielectric substrate, extension, extension, first dielectric substrate, microstrip radiation antenna array, second dielectric substrate, planar slot array, third dielectric substrate, microstrip feeder The array and the fourth dielectric substrate are arranged sequentially, and the quasi-hemispherical dielectric lens is located on the top of the extended part. The microstrip feeder array excites the microstrip radiation antenna array to radiate through the planar slot array, and the radiated electromagnetic waves pass through the quasi-hemispherical surface The dielectric lens realizes the wide beam and then directs the radiation.
优选地，所述准半球形介质透镜的直径等于扩展部分的长度，准半球形介质透镜的材料与扩展部分的材料相同。Preferably, the diameter of the quasi-hemispherical dielectric lens is equal to the length of the extended part, and the material of the quasi-hemispherical dielectric lens is the same as that of the extended part.
优选地，所述平面缝隙阵是一个含有第一平面缝隙、第二平面缝隙、第三平面缝隙、第四平面缝隙的平面缝隙阵，其中的每个平面缝隙的形状都是矩形的，它们的几何中心均均匀分布在所属平面内同一圆周上，并且，第一平面缝隙的宽边和第三平面缝隙的宽边都沿水平方向放置，而第二平面缝隙的宽边和第四平面缝隙的宽边都沿垂直方向放置。Preferably, the plane slit array is a plane slit array containing a first plane slit, a second plane slit, a third plane slit and a fourth plane slit, wherein each plane slit is rectangular in shape, and their The geometric centers are evenly distributed on the same circumference in the plane to which they belong, and the broadsides of the first plane slit and the broadside of the third plane slit are placed along the horizontal direction, while the broadsides of the second plane slit and the fourth plane slit The broad sides are all placed vertically.
优选地，所述微带辐射天线阵是由第一微带辐射元、第二微带辐射元、第三微带辐射元、第四微带辐射元构成的，它们的几何中心均匀分布在所属平面内同一圆周上；其中第一微带辐射元的宽边和第三微带辐射元的宽边都沿水平方向放置，而第二微带辐射元的宽边和第四微带辐射元的宽边都沿垂直方向放置；每个微带辐射元的几何中心与对应所述的平面缝隙的几何中心处于同一条与平面缝隙垂直的线上。Preferably, the microstrip radiating antenna array is composed of a first microstrip radiating element, a second microstrip radiating element, a third microstrip radiating element, and a fourth microstrip radiating element, and their geometric centers are evenly distributed in the respective on the same circumference in the plane; where the broadside of the first microstrip radiating element and the broadside of the third microstrip radiating element are placed along the horizontal direction, and the broadside of the second microstrip radiating element and the broadside of the fourth microstrip radiating element The wide sides are placed along the vertical direction; the geometric center of each microstrip radiating element and the geometric center of the corresponding plane slot are on the same line perpendicular to the plane slot.
优选地，所述微带馈线阵共有第一微带馈线、第二微带馈线、第三微带馈线、第四微带馈线，四个微带馈线的形状均为矩形，它们的几何中心均匀分布在所属平面内同一圆周上；其中第一微带馈线的长边和第三微带馈线的长边都沿水平方向放置，第二微带馈线的长边和第四微带馈线的长边都沿垂直方向放置；每段微带馈线宽边的中心与对应所述微带辐射元以及平面缝隙的几何中心处于同一与平面缝隙垂直的平面上。Preferably, the microstrip feeder array has a first microstrip feeder, a second microstrip feeder, a third microstrip feeder, and a fourth microstrip feeder. The shapes of the four microstrip feeders are all rectangular, and their geometric centers are uniform Distributed on the same circumference in the plane to which they belong; where the long sides of the first microstrip feeder and the long side of the third microstrip feeder are placed along the horizontal direction, the long sides of the second microstrip feeder and the long side of the fourth microstrip feeder They are placed along the vertical direction; the center of the wide side of each section of the microstrip feeder and the geometric center corresponding to the microstrip radiating element and the plane slot are on the same plane perpendicular to the plane slot.
优选地，所述第一介质基板的厚度与第四介质基板的厚度相同，第二介质基板的厚度与第三介质基板的厚度相同，第二介质基板的厚度、第三介质基板的厚度都为第一介质基板的厚度的两倍；第一介质基板的直径、第二介质基板的直径、第三介质基板的直径、第四介质基板的直径均与所述准半球形介质透镜的直径相同；第一介质基板、第二介质基板、第三介质基板、第四介质基板为所述微带辐射天线阵、平面缝隙以及微带馈线提供了物理支撑。Preferably, the thickness of the first dielectric substrate is the same as that of the fourth dielectric substrate, the thickness of the second dielectric substrate is the same as the thickness of the third dielectric substrate, and the thickness of the second dielectric substrate and the thickness of the third dielectric substrate are both Twice the thickness of the first dielectric substrate; the diameter of the first dielectric substrate, the diameter of the second dielectric substrate, the diameter of the third dielectric substrate, and the diameter of the fourth dielectric substrate are all the same as the diameter of the quasi-hemispherical dielectric lens; The first dielectric substrate, the second dielectric substrate, the third dielectric substrate, and the fourth dielectric substrate provide physical support for the microstrip radiation antenna array, plane slots, and microstrip feeders.
优选地，所述每个微带辐射元对应一个平面缝隙以及一个微带馈线，平面缝隙的几何中心与准半球形介质透镜的轴线之间的距离是固定的。Preferably, each microstrip radiating element corresponds to a plane slot and a microstrip feeder, and the distance between the geometric center of the plane slot and the axis of the quasi-hemispherical dielectric lens is fixed.
与现有技术相比，本发明具有如下的有益效果：本发明毫米波宽波束高增益透镜天线结构简单，小尺寸低轮廓，多端口宽频带，具有高增益和宽波束特性。Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: the millimeter-wave wide-beam high-gain lens antenna has simple structure, small size and low profile, multi-port wide-band, high gain and wide beam characteristics.
附图说明Description of drawings
通过阅读参照以下附图对非限制性实施例所作的详细描述，本发明的其它特征、目的和优点将会变得更明显：Other characteristics, objects and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent by reading the detailed description of non-limiting embodiments made with reference to the following drawings:
图1为本发明毫米波宽波束高增益透镜天线的结构示意图。FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a millimeter-wave wide-beam high-gain lens antenna of the present invention.
图2为通过缝隙激励的带辐射天线阵、平面缝隙阵、微带馈线阵的结构示意图。Fig. 2 is a structural schematic diagram of a radiation antenna array, a planar slot array, and a microstrip feeder array excited by slots.
图3为本发明毫米波宽波束高增益透镜天线的回波损耗性能的示意图。FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the return loss performance of the millimeter-wave wide-beam high-gain lens antenna of the present invention.
图4为本发明的不同端口间隔离度图。Fig. 4 is a diagram of isolation between different ports of the present invention.
图5为本发明在60GHz处(phi＝0°)的方向图。Fig. 5 is a directivity diagram at 60 GHz (phi=0°) of the present invention.
图6为本发明在60GHz处(phi＝90°)的方向图。Fig. 6 is a directivity diagram at 60 GHz (phi=90°) of the present invention.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合具体实施例对本发明进行详细说明。以下实施例将有助于本领域的技术人员进一步理解本发明，但不以任何形式限制本发明。应当指出的是，对本领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明构思的前提下，还可以做出若干变形和改进。这些都属于本发明的保护范围。The present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments. The following examples will help those skilled in the art to further understand the present invention, but do not limit the present invention in any form. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make several modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of the present invention. These all belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
如图1和图2所示，本发明毫米波宽波束高增益透镜天线包括微带辐射天线阵1、平面缝隙阵2、微带馈线阵3、准半球形介质透镜4、第一介质基板5、第二介质基板6、第三介质基板7、第四介质基板8、扩展部分9，扩展部分9、第一介质基板5、微带辐射天线阵1、第二介质基板6、平面缝隙阵2、第三介质基板7、微带馈线阵3、第四介质基板8依次排放，准半球形介质透镜4位于扩展部分9的顶端上，所述微带馈线阵3通过平面缝隙阵2激励微带辐射天线阵1进行辐射，所辐射的电磁波通过所述准半球形介质透镜4实现宽波束再进行定向辐射。As shown in Figures 1 and 2, the millimeter-wave wide-beam high-gain lens antenna of the present invention includes a microstrip radiation antenna array 1, a planar slot array 2, a microstrip feeder array 3, a quasi-hemispherical dielectric lens 4, and a first dielectric substrate 5 , second dielectric substrate 6, third dielectric substrate 7, fourth dielectric substrate 8, extension part 9, extension part 9, first dielectric substrate 5, microstrip radiation antenna array 1, second dielectric substrate 6, planar slot array 2 , the third dielectric substrate 7, the microstrip feeder array 3, and the fourth dielectric substrate 8 are sequentially discharged, and the quasi-hemispherical dielectric lens 4 is located on the top of the expansion part 9, and the microstrip feeder array 3 excites the microstrip through the planar slot array 2 The radiating antenna array 1 radiates, and the radiated electromagnetic waves pass through the quasi-hemispherical dielectric lens 4 to achieve a wide beam and then perform directional radiation.
准半球形介质透镜的直径等于扩展部分的长度，准半球形介质透镜的材料与扩展部分的材料相同。准半球形介质透镜处于所述天线的顶部位置，将微带辐射天线阵辐射的电磁波宽波束定向辐射到空间中。The diameter of the quasi-hemispherical dielectric lens is equal to the length of the extended part, and the material of the quasi-hemispherical dielectric lens is the same as that of the extended part. The quasi-hemispherical dielectric lens is located at the top of the antenna, and directs the wide beam of electromagnetic waves radiated by the microstrip radiation antenna array into space.
平面缝隙阵是一个含有四个平面缝隙(第一平面缝隙21、第二平面缝隙22、第三平面缝隙23、第四平面缝隙24)的平面缝隙阵，其中的每个平面缝隙的形状都是矩形的，它们的几何中心均均匀分布在所属平面内同一圆周上，并且，第一平面缝隙21的宽边和第三平面缝隙23的宽边都沿水平方向放置，而第二平面缝隙22的宽边和第四平面缝隙24的宽边都沿垂直方向放置。The plane slit array is a plane slit array that contains four plane slits (the first plane slit 21, the second plane slit 22, the third plane slit 23, the fourth plane slit 24), and the shape of each plane slit wherein is Rectangular, their geometric centers are all evenly distributed on the same circumference in the belonging plane, and the broadside of the first plane slit 21 and the broadside of the third plane slit 23 are all placed along the horizontal direction, while the second plane slit 22 Both the broadside and the broadside of the fourth plane slit 24 are placed along the vertical direction.
微带辐射天线阵是由四个矩形微带辐射元(第一微带辐射元11、第二微带辐射元12、第三微带辐射元13、第四微带辐射元14)构成的，它们的几何中心均匀分布在所属平面内同一圆周上；其中第一微带辐射元11的宽边和第三微带辐射元13的宽边都沿水平方向放置，而第二微带辐射元12的宽边和第四微带辐射元14的宽边都沿垂直方向放置；每个微带辐射元的几何中心与对应所述的平面缝隙的几何中心处于同一条与平面缝隙垂直的线上。The microstrip radiating antenna array is composed of four rectangular microstrip radiating elements (the first microstrip radiating element 11, the second microstrip radiating element 12, the third microstrip radiating element 13, and the fourth microstrip radiating element 14), Their geometric centers are evenly distributed on the same circumference in the plane; wherein the broadside of the first microstrip radiating element 11 and the broadside of the third microstrip radiating element 13 are placed along the horizontal direction, and the second microstrip radiating element 12 The broadside of the fourth microstrip radiating element 14 and the broadside are placed along the vertical direction; the geometric center of each microstrip radiating element and the geometric center of the corresponding plane slit are on the same line perpendicular to the plane slit.
微带馈线阵共有四个微带馈线(第一微带馈线31、第二微带馈线32、第三微带馈线33、第四微带馈线34)，四个微带馈线的形状均为矩形，它们的几何中心均匀分布在所属平面内同一圆周上；其中第一微带馈线31的长边和第三微带馈线33的长边都沿水平方向放置，第二微带馈线32的长边和第四微带馈线34的长边都沿垂直方向放置；每段微带馈线宽边的中心与对应所述微带辐射元以及平面缝隙的几何中心处于同一与平面缝隙垂直的平面上。The microstrip feeder array has four microstrip feeders in total (the first microstrip feeder 31, the second microstrip feeder 32, the third microstrip feeder 33, and the fourth microstrip feeder 34), and the shapes of the four microstrip feeders are all rectangular , their geometric centers are uniformly distributed on the same circumference in the plane to which they belong; wherein the long sides of the first microstrip feeder 31 and the long sides of the third microstrip feeder 33 are placed along the horizontal direction, and the long sides of the second microstrip feeder 32 and the long sides of the fourth microstrip feeder 34 are placed along the vertical direction; the center of the broadside of each section of the microstrip feeder is on the same plane perpendicular to the plane slit as the geometric center corresponding to the microstrip radiating element and the plane slit.
第一介质基板5的厚度与第四介质基板8的厚度相同，第二介质基板6的厚度与第三介质基板7的厚度相同，第二介质基板6的厚度、第三介质基板7的厚度都为第一介质基板5的厚度的两倍；第一介质基板5的直径、第二介质基板6的直径、第三介质基板7的直径、第四介质基板8的直径均与所述准半球形介质透镜的直径相同；第一介质基板、第二介质基板、第三介质基板、第四介质基板为所述微带辐射天线阵、平面缝隙以及微带馈线提供了物理支撑。The thickness of the first dielectric substrate 5 is the same as that of the fourth dielectric substrate 8, the thickness of the second dielectric substrate 6 is the same as that of the third dielectric substrate 7, and the thickness of the second dielectric substrate 6 and the thickness of the third dielectric substrate 7 are the same. It is twice the thickness of the first dielectric substrate 5; the diameter of the first dielectric substrate 5, the diameter of the second dielectric substrate 6, the diameter of the third dielectric substrate 7, and the diameter of the fourth dielectric substrate 8 are all consistent with the quasi-hemispherical The diameters of the dielectric lenses are the same; the first dielectric substrate, the second dielectric substrate, the third dielectric substrate, and the fourth dielectric substrate provide physical support for the microstrip radiation antenna array, plane slots and microstrip feeders.
每个微带辐射元对应一个平面缝隙以及一个微带馈线，平面缝隙的几何中心与准半球形介质透镜的轴线之间的距离是固定的。其中，Lp-A、Wp-A分别为微带辐射线的长度和宽度；La-A、Wa-A分别为平面缝隙的长度和宽度；Lf-A、Wf-A分别为微带馈线的长度和宽度。四个微带辐射元、四个平面缝隙以及四个微带馈线组成第一激励端口41、第二激励端口42、第三激励端口43和第四激励端口44。Each microstrip radiating element corresponds to a plane slot and a microstrip feeder, and the distance between the geometric center of the plane slot and the axis of the quasi-hemispherical dielectric lens is fixed. Among them, L pA , W pA are the length and width of the microstrip radiation line; L aA , W aA are the length and width of the plane slot, respectively; L fA , W fA are the length and width of the microstrip feeder line, respectively. Four microstrip radiating elements, four plane slots and four microstrip feeders form a first excitation port 41 , a second excitation port 42 , a third excitation port 43 and a fourth excitation port 44 .
如图3和图4所示，工程中一般定义回波损耗小于-10db的频段为工作频段。由图可以看出本发明透镜天线的工作频段为57.5-66GHz，基本涵盖整个57-66GHz的免费许可频段。其中，第一曲线S1即为其他端口匹配时第一端口处的反射系数，也即回波损耗。第二曲线S2、第三曲线S3分别表示在第二端口、第三端口匹配时第一端口到第二端口的正向传输系数，即第一端口与第二端口、第三端口的隔离度。As shown in Figure 3 and Figure 4, the frequency band whose return loss is less than -10db is generally defined as the working frequency band in engineering. It can be seen from the figure that the operating frequency band of the lens antenna of the present invention is 57.5-66 GHz, basically covering the entire 57-66 GHz free licensed frequency band. Wherein, the first curve S1 is the reflection coefficient at the first port when the other ports are matched, that is, the return loss. The second curve S2 and the third curve S3 respectively represent the forward transmission coefficient from the first port to the second port when the second port and the third port are matched, that is, the degree of isolation between the first port and the second port and the third port.
如图5和图6所示，可以看出在phi＝0°和phi＝90°时的方向图基本完全相同的，表明天线在一个圆锥角平面上特性基本一致。从图中可以得到此时天线增益为14.4dbi，3db宽度为28.8°，增益大于10dbi的波束宽度可达35°。As shown in FIG. 5 and FIG. 6, it can be seen that the directional patterns at phi=0° and phi=90° are basically identical, indicating that the characteristics of the antenna on a conical angle plane are basically the same. It can be seen from the figure that the antenna gain at this time is 14.4dbi, the 3db width is 28.8°, and the beam width with a gain greater than 10dbi can reach 35°.
本发明毫米波宽波束高增益透镜天线的设计过程如下：The design process of the millimeter-wave wide-beam high-gain lens antenna of the present invention is as follows:
第一，选定透镜天线。透镜天线具有通过改变置于透镜平面上的面天线类型或者面天线到透镜中心轴的距离而达到波束扫描效果的能力，为了保证聚焦特性，一般选用离心率l与介质介电常数ε达到某一比例的椭球透镜，这一比例关系即为实际中为了加工方便，选用扩展的半球形透镜。扩展后的准半球透镜接近椭球透镜，这样的透镜可以将放置在其焦点上的天线辐射出的球面波在天线的远场区转化为定向波束。First, select the lens antenna. The lens antenna has the ability to achieve the beam scanning effect by changing the type of surface antenna placed on the lens plane or the distance between the surface antenna and the central axis of the lens. In order to ensure the focusing characteristics, the eccentricity l and the dielectric constant ε of the medium are generally selected to reach a certain The ratio of the ellipsoid lens, this ratio is In practice, for the convenience of processing, the extended hemispherical lens is selected. The extended quasi-hemispherical lens is close to the ellipsoidal lens, and such a lens can convert the spherical wave radiated by the antenna placed at its focal point into a directional beam in the far-field region of the antenna.
第二，确定介质透镜的材料以及尺寸。为了减少波传播过程中的损耗，介质透镜材料选择的一个要求是低电导率。另一方面，鉴于理论和实际考虑，在无线通信系统中更倾向于选择高介电常数的材料，故本发明选用硅材料制造，介电常数ε＝11.7。折射率半球形介质透镜的扩展长度L与半球半径R需要符合一定的比例关系。同时又考虑到可通过减少圆柱延伸长度的方法来提高天线扫描性能。综合以上因素，并结合文献资料以及一些初步仿真，最后确定R＝6mm，L＝1.5mm。Second, determine the material and size of the dielectric lens. One requirement for dielectric lens material selection is low electrical conductivity in order to reduce losses during wave propagation. On the other hand, in view of theoretical and practical considerations, materials with a high dielectric constant are more likely to be selected in wireless communication systems, so the present invention is made of silicon material, and the dielectric constant ε=11.7. Refractive index The extended length L of the hemispherical dielectric lens and the hemispherical radius R need to conform to a certain proportional relationship. At the same time, it is considered that the scanning performance of the antenna can be improved by reducing the extension length of the cylinder. Based on the above factors, combined with literature data and some preliminary simulations, it is finally determined that R=6mm and L=1.5mm.
第三，确定微带辐射元、平面缝隙及微带馈线的尺寸及其位置关系。微带辐射单元长度为0.5mm，宽度为0.45mm；平面缝隙长度为0.8mm，宽度为0.14mm；微带馈线尺寸的选择主要是从其特征阻抗方面考虑的。微带馈线长度为2.4mm，宽度为0.18mm，保证其特征阻抗为50欧姆。Third, determine the size and positional relationship of the microstrip radiating elements, plane slots and microstrip feeders. The length of the microstrip radiating unit is 0.5mm, and the width is 0.45mm; the length of the plane slot is 0.8mm, and the width is 0.14mm; the selection of the size of the microstrip feeder is mainly considered from its characteristic impedance. The microstrip feeder has a length of 2.4mm and a width of 0.18mm, and its characteristic impedance is guaranteed to be 50 ohms.
第四，确定平面缝隙几何中心到介质透镜轴线的最优距离。由于透镜的聚焦特性，天线的性能会随着平面缝隙几何中心到介质透镜轴线距离的变化而发生显著的变化，其变化主要表现在天线的波束扫描宽度、主波束方向和增益值上。通过观察并仔细分析优化仿真结果，发现随着所述距离的增大，主波束方向偏离Z向角度增加，波束扫描宽度增加，但与此同时增益会相应降低，这就要求在波束扫描宽度和增益值之间做一个折中。选取平面缝隙几何中心到介质透镜轴线的距离值为0.8mm。Fourth, determine the optimal distance from the geometric center of the plane slit to the axis of the dielectric lens. Due to the focusing characteristics of the lens, the performance of the antenna will change significantly with the distance from the geometric center of the plane slit to the axis of the dielectric lens. The changes are mainly manifested in the beam scanning width, main beam direction and gain value of the antenna. By observing and carefully analyzing the optimization simulation results, it is found that with the increase of the distance, the main beam direction deviates from the Z-direction angle, and the beam scanning width increases, but at the same time the gain will decrease accordingly, which requires that the beam scanning width and Make a compromise between gain values. The distance from the geometric center of the plane slit to the axis of the dielectric lens is selected as 0.8 mm.
第五，确定辐射单元个数和激励方式。首先对单个辐射单元的透镜天线进行初步仿真，了解到单单元天线的增益值已达到较高水平，具有高增益的特性，但缺点是此时天线的波束宽度很窄。所以，其次，以包括透镜轴线并与平面缝隙垂直的平面为对称中心，在辐射单元的对称位置加上第二个辐射单元，变为二单元阵列，两个端口加等幅反向激励并仿真。这样做的是希望能够保持并提高天线定向特性、同时达到扩展波束宽度、进一步增加增益值的效果。为了保证天线在一个较大角度范围内采集信号的充分性和完整性，必须使天线方向图在顶部一个圆锥角空间内特性基本一致。因此，最后，按照同样的思路，将二单元辐射元阵列以透镜轴线为转轴，在各自相应平面内顺时针旋转90°，变为四单元阵列，相对两端口差分激励。Fifth, determine the number of radiation units and the excitation method. Firstly, a preliminary simulation of the lens antenna with a single radiating element is carried out, and it is known that the gain value of the single-element antenna has reached a high level and has the characteristics of high gain, but the disadvantage is that the beam width of the antenna is very narrow at this time. Therefore, secondly, taking the plane including the lens axis and perpendicular to the plane slit as the center of symmetry, add a second radiation unit at the symmetrical position of the radiation unit to become a two-unit array, add equal-amplitude reverse excitation to the two ports and simulate . In doing so, it is hoped that the directional characteristics of the antenna can be maintained and improved, and at the same time, the effect of expanding the beam width and further increasing the gain value can be achieved. In order to ensure the sufficiency and integrity of the antenna collecting signals in a large angle range, the characteristics of the antenna pattern must be basically consistent in a cone angle space at the top. Therefore, in the end, according to the same idea, the two-element radiating element array is rotated 90° clockwise in each corresponding plane with the lens axis as the rotation axis, and becomes a four-element array, which is differentially excited relative to the two ports.
本发明毫米波宽波束高增益透镜天线在57.5-66GHz的工作频段内，本发明天线的回波损耗均小于-10db，且其增益值大于10dbi的波束宽度可达35°。本发明在60GHz频段实现了高增益和宽波束电磁辐射，可用于60GHz毫米波通信。The millimeter-wave wide-beam high-gain lens antenna of the present invention operates in the 57.5-66GHz frequency band, and the return loss of the antenna of the present invention is less than -10db, and the beam width with a gain value greater than 10dbi can reach 35°. The invention realizes high gain and wide beam electromagnetic radiation in the 60GHz frequency band, and can be used for 60GHz millimeter wave communication.
以上对本发明的具体实施例进行了描述。需要理解的是，本发明并不局限于上述特定实施方式，本领域技术人员可以在权利要求的范围内做出各种变形或修改，这并不影响本发明的实质内容。Specific embodiments of the present invention have been described above. It should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above, and those skilled in the art may make various changes or modifications within the scope of the claims, which do not affect the essence of the present invention.
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