CN113381172A - Integrated lens antenna and communication equipment - Google Patents

Integrated lens antenna and communication equipment Download PDF

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Publication number
CN113381172A
CN113381172A CN202110584101.8A CN202110584101A CN113381172A CN 113381172 A CN113381172 A CN 113381172A CN 202110584101 A CN202110584101 A CN 202110584101A CN 113381172 A CN113381172 A CN 113381172A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
lens
dielectric
dielectric lens
base
antenna
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Pending
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CN202110584101.8A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
唐小兰
赵伟
谢昱乾
杨扬
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Shenzhen Sunway Communication Co Ltd
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Shenzhen Sunway Communication Co Ltd
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Priority to CN202110584101.8A priority Critical patent/CN113381172A/en
Publication of CN113381172A publication Critical patent/CN113381172A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/36Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/12Supports; Mounting means
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q15/00Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
    • H01Q15/02Refracting or diffracting devices, e.g. lens, prism
    • H01Q15/08Refracting or diffracting devices, e.g. lens, prism formed of solid dielectric material
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q19/00Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
    • H01Q19/06Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using refracting or diffracting devices, e.g. lens
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/06Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
    • H01Q21/061Two dimensional planar arrays

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  • Aerials With Secondary Devices (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses an integrated lens antenna, which comprises a first dielectric lens, a microstrip radiation unit and a base, wherein the first dielectric lens is arranged on the base; the microstrip radiating unit is arranged on one side of the base and is positioned in the base; the first medium lens is of a rotational symmetric structure, and the main body of the first medium lens is of a hemispherical shape; the plane side of the first dielectric lens is arranged on the other side, away from the microstrip radiating unit, of the base, and a space is formed between the plane side of the first dielectric lens and the microstrip radiating unit; therefore, a certain height difference exists between the hemispherical dielectric lens and the microstrip radiating unit, the influence of the dielectric lens on the impedance matching performance of the microstrip radiating unit is reduced, the hemispherical rotational symmetry structure can convert the radiation beam of the microstrip radiating unit into a parallel beam, the radiation beam can be continuously scanned in the two-dimensional direction and can be converged, the gain of the lens antenna is improved, and the continuous scanning of the antenna in the two-dimensional direction is realized.

Description

Integrated lens antenna and communication equipment
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of antennas, in particular to an integrated lens antenna and communication equipment.
Background
A lens antenna is an antenna capable of changing a beam plane of an electromagnetic wave passing therethrough, and is widely used in various wireless communication systems.
Currently, the integrated lens antenna usually adopts multiple ports to feed separately to realize beam scanning, i.e. one port feeds to realize one angle of beam radiation. When multi-angle feeding is required, a plurality of ports are required to be added; however, even if multiple ports are added to enable multi-angle beam scanning, there are no angles that can be scanned, and thus angular continuous scanning cannot be achieved.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: an integrated lens antenna is provided to achieve continuous scanning in two dimensions of the antenna.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
an integrated lens antenna comprises a first dielectric lens, a microstrip radiating element and a base;
the microstrip radiating unit is arranged on one side of the base and is positioned in the base;
the first medium lens is of a rotational symmetric structure, and the main body of the first medium lens is of a hemispherical shape;
the plane side of the first dielectric lens is arranged on the other side, away from the microstrip radiating unit, of the base, and a space is formed between the plane side of the first dielectric lens and the microstrip radiating unit.
In order to solve the technical problem, the invention adopts another technical scheme that:
a communication device comprising the integrated lens antenna described above.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the microstrip radiating unit is arranged in the base, the plane side of the hemispherical dielectric lens is arranged on the side, far away from the microstrip radiating unit, of the base, and is spaced from the microstrip radiating unit, so that a certain height difference exists between the hemispherical dielectric lens and the microstrip radiating unit, the influence of the dielectric lens on the impedance matching performance of the microstrip radiating unit is reduced, the hemispherical rotational symmetry structure can convert the radiation beam of the microstrip radiating unit into a parallel beam, the radiation beam can realize continuous scanning in the two-dimensional direction and also play a role in converging the beam, the gain of the lens antenna is improved, and the continuous scanning in the two-dimensional direction of the antenna is realized.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a first dielectric lens of an integrated lens antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of an integrated lens antenna array structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a dielectric constant buffer layer of an integrated lens antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a second dielectric lens of an integrated lens antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention, which is matched with the first dielectric lens;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of another dielectric constant buffer layer of an integrated lens antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention;
description of reference numerals:
1. a first dielectric lens; 2. a microstrip radiating element; 3. a base; 4. a connecting portion; 5. a dielectric constant buffer layer; 6. a second dielectric lens.
Detailed Description
In order to explain technical contents, achieved objects, and effects of the present invention in detail, the following description is made with reference to the accompanying drawings in combination with the embodiments.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, an integrated lens antenna includes a first dielectric lens, a microstrip radiating unit and a base;
the microstrip radiating unit is arranged on one side of the base and is positioned in the base;
the first medium lens is of a rotational symmetric structure, and the main body of the first medium lens is of a hemispherical shape;
the plane side of the first dielectric lens is arranged on the other side, away from the microstrip radiating unit, of the base, and a space is formed between the plane side of the first dielectric lens and the microstrip radiating unit.
From the above description, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: the microstrip radiating unit is arranged in the base, the plane side of the hemispherical dielectric lens is arranged on the side, far away from the microstrip radiating unit, of the base, and is spaced from the microstrip radiating unit, so that a certain height difference exists between the hemispherical dielectric lens and the microstrip radiating unit, the influence of the dielectric lens on the impedance matching performance of the microstrip radiating unit is reduced, the hemispherical rotational symmetry structure can convert the radiation beam of the microstrip radiating unit into a parallel beam, the radiation beam can realize continuous scanning in the two-dimensional direction and also play a role in converging the beam, the gain of the lens antenna is improved, and the continuous scanning in the two-dimensional direction of the antenna is realized.
Further, a dielectric constant buffer layer is arranged on the plane side of the first dielectric lens.
As can be seen from the above description, the dielectric constant buffer layer is disposed on the planar side of the first dielectric lens, so that when electromagnetic waves are radiated from air to the dielectric lens, the electromagnetic waves firstly pass through the dielectric buffer layer and then enter the first dielectric lens, the dielectric constant in the antenna radiation direction changes in a gradient manner, an anti-radiation reflection structure is formed, and the reflection of the electromagnetic waves is further reduced.
Further, the first dielectric lens further includes a connection portion;
the connecting part is arranged at the junction of the spherical surface and the plane of the first dielectric lens;
the base is provided with a connecting groove matched with the connecting part.
It can be known from the above description that, by arranging the connecting portion on the side of the hemispherical main body, the dielectric lens can be connected with the base without changing the structure of the hemispherical lens, so that the dielectric lens can be stably fixed on the base, and the stability of the dielectric lens is ensured under the condition that the performance of the dielectric lens is not affected.
Further, the optical lens also comprises a second dielectric lens;
the second dielectric lens is of a rotational symmetric structure, and the main body of the second dielectric lens is cylindrical and is matched with the first dielectric lens in shape;
one side of the second dielectric lens is connected with the plane side of the first dielectric lens, and the other side of the second dielectric lens is connected with the base.
As can be seen from the above description, by using the cylindrical second dielectric lens matched with the first dielectric lens, the first dielectric lens and the second dielectric lens form a dielectric lens with an ellipsoidal main body, and the ellipsoidal dielectric lens can refract the electromagnetic wave radiation passing through the surface of the ellipsoidal dielectric lens into a planar beam more easily, thereby further improving the radiation gain of the antenna.
Further, the first dielectric lens and the second dielectric lens are made of a single dielectric constant material.
It can be known from the above description that the conventional integrated lens antenna is usually made of a material with high dielectric constant and low loss, the feed source antenna is a patch antenna or a waveguide, and the lens structure is tightly attached to the patch antenna, and the working principle of the integrated lens antenna is that most of energy is retained in the lens by using the characteristic of high dielectric constant of the material, and then electromagnetic waves radiate energy outwards through multiple dielectric layers with gradually decreasing dielectric constants.
Further, the single dielectric constant material is a low dielectric constant material.
According to the above description, the first dielectric lens and the second dielectric lens are made of the material with low dielectric constant, so that the reflection of the electromagnetic waves by the first dielectric lens and the second dielectric lens is reduced, and the production cost is reduced.
Further, a dielectric constant buffer layer is arranged on one side, connected with the base, of the second dielectric lens.
According to the above description, the dielectric constant buffer layer is arranged on the side, connected with the base, of the second dielectric lens, so that when electromagnetic waves are radiated to the ellipsoidal dielectric lens from air, the electromagnetic waves firstly pass through the buffer layer and then enter the ellipsoidal dielectric lens, the gradient change of the dielectric constant in the antenna radiation direction is realized, the radiation-proof reflection structure is formed, and the reflection of the electromagnetic waves is further reduced.
Further, the dielectric constant buffer layer is a concave groove array;
the position of the concave groove array corresponds to that of the microstrip radiating unit.
As can be seen from the above description, the concave groove array is disposed on the planar side of the first dielectric lens or the side of the second dielectric lens, so that air flows into the concave groove and forms a buffer dielectric layer with a dielectric constant between the air and the dielectric lens with the concave groove array, thereby achieving the formation of the radiation-proof reflective structure and reducing the electromagnetic wave reflection effect without increasing the overall size of the dielectric lens.
Further, the concave groove arrays are distributed in a grid manner;
the concave groove is rectangular.
According to the above description, the grid distribution and the rectangular depressed trench array are adopted, so that the air flowing into the depressed trench and the grid distribution depressed trench form a regular dielectric constant buffer layer, and a better electromagnetic wave reflection preventing effect is achieved.
Another embodiment of the present invention provides a communication device including the above-described integrated lens antenna.
The dielectric resonator antenna can be applied to a device of a 5G millimeter wave communication system, such as a Customer Premises Equipment (CPE), and is described below by way of specific embodiments:
example one
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, an integrated lens antenna includes a first dielectric lens 1, a microstrip radiating unit 2, and a base 3;
the microstrip radiating unit 2 is arranged on one side of the base 3 and is positioned in the base 3; the base 3 is rectangular, a rectangular groove is formed in the base, and the microstrip radiating unit 2 is arranged in the rectangular groove, so that the height difference exists between the microstrip radiating unit 2 and the base 3;
the first dielectric lens 1 is of a rotational symmetric structure, and the main body of the first dielectric lens 1 is of a hemispherical shape; parallel beams can be obtained on the surface of the hemispherical medium by calculating the snell's law, and the parallel beams can be emitted from the first medium lens 1 by adjusting the distance between the first medium lens 1 and the microstrip radiation unit 2; the first dielectric lens 1 can be made of a single dielectric constant material, a dielectric lens structure is formed without laminating multiple layers of materials with different dielectric constants, and electromagnetic wave reflection is reduced by adopting a material with a low dielectric constant; can be manufactured by 3D printing technology or mould injection molding; among them, the 3D printed material may be PLA (poly lactic acid); thereby simplifying the dielectric lens structure and reducing the cost; the existing integrated lens antenna needs to realize a radiation function through a complex multi-layer dielectric constant layer-by-layer decreasing dielectric layer structure, the complex forming structure also causes the manufacturing process to be complicated, and the material with the characteristics of high dielectric constant and low loss is expensive;
the plane side of the first dielectric lens 1 is arranged on the other side of the base 3 away from the microstrip radiating unit 2, and has a gap with the microstrip radiating unit 2;
specifically, the first dielectric lens 1 further includes a connection portion 4; the connecting part 4 is arranged at the boundary of the spherical surface and the plane of the first dielectric lens 1; the base 3 is provided with connecting grooves matched with the connecting parts 4, and the connecting grooves are arranged at four top corners of the base 3; one end of the connecting part 4 is connected with the hemispherical surface of the first dielectric lens 1, and the other end of the connecting part is connected with the base 3 in an inserting mode;
wherein, the microstrip radiating element 2 is a phased array radiating element, and in an optional implementation, the phased array radiating element is a 4 × 4 antenna array; by adopting the 4 x 4 antenna array, when a plurality of antennas feed in turn, the phase center of each antenna is at different positions, and beams in all directions can be realized more easily; however, since the phase center has a small variation range during phased array beam scanning, in order to realize beam convergence at different angles, the size of the first dielectric lens 1 and the distance between the first dielectric lens 1 and the microstrip radiating element 2 can be adjusted, so as to achieve the optimal radiation effect in different environments; the specific adjustment method is as follows: determining the phase center of the phased array through a parameter cang _ deg (rEX) in a High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS); adjusting the position of the antenna up and down and observing the values of two surfaces phi 0deg and phi 90deg, so that the two surfaces phi 0deg and phi 90deg are cang _ deg (rEX) within the 3dB wave beam range to be the flattest, and the original point of the HFS is equivalent to the apparent phase center of the antenna and can be approximately seen as the phase center; however, the apparent phase center also changes under different scanning angles, so the phase of the array unit needs to be set first to make the beam point to a certain angle, then the antenna angle is adjusted to make the beam point to the positive z-axis, and then the most flat point of cand _ deg (rEX) is found by adjusting the up-down position of the antenna; the range can be roughly determined by the different apparent phase centers at the different scanning angles, and the range is the approximate position of the lower surface of the lens; finally, the sphere center of the hemispherical lens is within the range, and the gains of Theta-0 deg and Theta-28 deg are weighed, wherein the maximum of Theta-28 deg is selected.
Example two
The difference between the present embodiment and the first embodiment is that a dielectric constant buffer layer 5 is further provided;
a dielectric constant buffer layer 5 is arranged on the plane side of the first dielectric lens 1;
referring to fig. 3, the dielectric constant buffer layer 5 is a recessed groove array; the position of the concave groove array corresponds to that of the microstrip radiating unit 2; the concave groove arrays are distributed in a grid manner; the concave groove is rectangular;
specifically, a concave groove array with a corresponding size is arranged according to the area of the plane side of the first dielectric lens 1; the concave groove array is a 6 multiplied by 6 square concave groove array; the whole sunken groove array is rectangular, and four sides of the rectangle are respectively parallel to four sides of the rectangle formed by the microstrip radiating units 2;
the dielectric constant buffer layer 5 is not limited to a concave groove array, and the dielectric constant buffer layer 5 may be formed by doping air into a convex structure formed by setting a concave structure as the convex structure; since the protruding structure increases the size of the first dielectric lens 1 and reduces the distance between the first dielectric lens 1 and the microstrip radiating element 2, the dielectric constant buffer layer 5 is formed in a manner of a recessed groove array in this embodiment; therefore, the dielectric constant buffer layer 5 is formed to jointly play a role in reducing electromagnetic wave reflection while increasing the distance between the first dielectric lens 1 and the microstrip radiating element 2.
EXAMPLE III
The present embodiment is different from the first or second embodiment in that it further includes a second dielectric lens 6;
referring to fig. 4, the second dielectric lens 6 has a rotational symmetric structure, and the main body of the second dielectric lens 6 is cylindrical and has a shape matched with the first dielectric lens 1; one side of the second dielectric lens 6 is connected with the plane side of the first dielectric lens 1, and the other side is connected with the base 3;
specifically, the dielectric constant and the material of the second dielectric lens 6 are the same as those of the first dielectric lens 1, and the half diameter is the same as that of the first dielectric lens 1; the first dielectric lens 1 and the second dielectric lens 6 can be equivalent to an ellipsoidal dielectric lens after being connected; according to the ray tracing theory, when the electromagnetic wave radiated by the microstrip radiation unit 2 passes through the surface of the equivalent ellipsoidal dielectric lens structure, the refracted electromagnetic wave can realize a plane wave, and the equivalent ellipsoidal dielectric lens is more in accordance with the ray tracing theory than the hemispherical dielectric lens; if a low-loss dielectric material can be adopted, the gain which can be improved by the ellipsoidal dielectric lens is higher, but the scanning range is reduced; compared with an ellipsoidal dielectric lens, the hemispherical dielectric lens has lower profile height, so that the electromagnetic wave is relatively less influenced by material loss and has a larger scanning range; therefore, the scenes applied by the hemispherical dielectric lens and the ellipsoidal dielectric lens have certain differences;
the second dielectric lens 6 is connected with the base 3 in the same way as the first embodiment through the connecting part 4;
referring to fig. 5, a dielectric constant buffer layer 5 is disposed on a side of the second dielectric lens 6 connected to the base 3; in order to ensure the integrity of the lens body, the bottom surface of the second dielectric lens 6 is provided with the dielectric constant buffer layer 5 protruding outwards.
Example four
A communication device comprising an integrated lens antenna according to any one of embodiments one to three.
In summary, according to the integrated lens antenna provided by the invention, the microstrip radiating unit is arranged in the base, the plane side of the hemispherical dielectric lens is arranged at the side of the base far away from the microstrip radiating unit, and the hemispherical dielectric lens and the microstrip radiating unit are spaced, so that a certain height difference exists between the hemispherical dielectric lens and the microstrip radiating unit, the first dielectric lens is made of a single low-dielectric-constant material, the influence of the dielectric lens on the impedance matching performance of the microstrip radiating unit is reduced, the electromagnetic wave reflection is reduced, and meanwhile, the dielectric-constant buffer layer is arranged at the plane side of the dielectric lens to form an electromagnetic-wave-reflection-preventing structure so as to further reduce the electromagnetic wave reflection; the first dielectric lens and the second dielectric lens can form an equivalent ellipsoidal dielectric lens by adding the second dielectric lens which is made of the same material as the first dielectric lens, so that the dielectric lens has stronger adaptability; the radiation beams of the microstrip radiation units are converted into parallel beams through the rotational symmetry structure of the hemispherical or ellipsoidal dielectric lens, so that the radiation beams can be continuously scanned in the two-dimensional direction and also have a convergence effect on the beams, the gain of the lens antenna is improved, and the continuous scanning of the antenna in the two-dimensional direction is realized.
The above description is only an embodiment of the present invention, and not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all equivalent changes made by using the contents of the present specification and the drawings, or applied directly or indirectly to the related technical fields, are included in the scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. An integrated lens antenna is characterized by comprising a first dielectric lens, a microstrip radiating unit and a base;
the microstrip radiating unit is arranged on one side of the base and is positioned in the base;
the first medium lens is of a rotational symmetric structure, and the main body of the first medium lens is of a hemispherical shape;
the plane side of the first dielectric lens is arranged on the other side, away from the microstrip radiating unit, of the base, and a space is formed between the plane side of the first dielectric lens and the microstrip radiating unit.
2. An integrated lens antenna according to claim 1, wherein the planar side of the first dielectric lens is provided with a dielectric constant buffer layer.
3. The integrated lens antenna of claim 1, wherein the first dielectric lens further comprises a connecting portion;
the connecting part is arranged at the junction of the spherical surface and the plane of the first dielectric lens;
the base is provided with a connecting groove matched with the connecting part.
4. The integrated lens antenna of claim 1, further comprising a second dielectric lens;
the second dielectric lens is of a rotational symmetric structure, and the main body of the second dielectric lens is cylindrical and is matched with the first dielectric lens in shape;
one side of the second dielectric lens is connected with the plane side of the first dielectric lens, and the other side of the second dielectric lens is connected with the base.
5. The integrated lens antenna of claim 4, wherein the first dielectric lens and the second dielectric lens are made of a single dielectric constant material.
6. The integrated lens antenna of claim 5, wherein the single dielectric constant material is a low dielectric constant material.
7. The integrated lens antenna as claimed in claim 4, wherein a dielectric constant buffer layer is disposed on a side of the second dielectric lens connected to the base.
8. An integrated lens antenna according to claim 2 or 7, wherein the dielectric constant buffer layer is an array of recessed slots;
the position of the concave groove array corresponds to that of the microstrip radiating unit.
9. The integrated lens antenna of claim 8, wherein the array of recessed grooves is arranged in a grid;
the concave groove is rectangular.
10. A communication device comprising an integrated lens antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 9.
CN202110584101.8A 2021-05-27 2021-05-27 Integrated lens antenna and communication equipment Pending CN113381172A (en)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202110584101.8A CN113381172A (en) 2021-05-27 2021-05-27 Integrated lens antenna and communication equipment

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN117913540A (en) * 2024-01-12 2024-04-19 北京理工大学 Lens antenna based on reverse field tracking and design method of step thickness of lens antenna
CN118659126A (en) * 2024-08-19 2024-09-17 深圳大学 Wave beam reconfigurable liquid medium antenna

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101098050A (en) * 2001-09-28 2008-01-02 住友电气工业株式会社 Radio wave lens antenna device
CN104009288A (en) * 2014-05-14 2014-08-27 上海交通大学 Millimeter-wave wide-beam and high-gain lens antenna
US20190148836A1 (en) * 2016-07-14 2019-05-16 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. Dielectric Lens and Multi-Beam Antenna
CN215644980U (en) * 2021-05-27 2022-01-25 深圳市信维通信股份有限公司 Integrated lens antenna and communication equipment

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101098050A (en) * 2001-09-28 2008-01-02 住友电气工业株式会社 Radio wave lens antenna device
CN104009288A (en) * 2014-05-14 2014-08-27 上海交通大学 Millimeter-wave wide-beam and high-gain lens antenna
US20190148836A1 (en) * 2016-07-14 2019-05-16 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. Dielectric Lens and Multi-Beam Antenna
CN215644980U (en) * 2021-05-27 2022-01-25 深圳市信维通信股份有限公司 Integrated lens antenna and communication equipment

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN117913540A (en) * 2024-01-12 2024-04-19 北京理工大学 Lens antenna based on reverse field tracking and design method of step thickness of lens antenna
CN118659126A (en) * 2024-08-19 2024-09-17 深圳大学 Wave beam reconfigurable liquid medium antenna

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