CN104007581A - 一种用于psva液晶显示装置的液晶配向方法 - Google Patents
一种用于psva液晶显示装置的液晶配向方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种用于PSVA液晶显示装置的液晶分子配向方法,其包括以下步骤:在各个像素单元对应的薄膜晶体管的栅极上提供第一电压使得所述薄膜晶体管处于导通状态;在各个像素单元对应的薄膜晶体管的源极上施加第二电压,在彩色滤光膜侧公共电极和阵列侧公共电极上施加第三电压,使得在液晶分子配向期间,所述源极与所述彩色滤光膜侧公共电极之间具有交流电压差,进而使得液晶分子按照预定的方向角进行排列;采用能量光将按照预定的方向角排列的液晶分子进行固化。本发明可以使液晶分子配向更加趋向于理想模式,利于后续的预倾角处理,从而抑制了不连续线以及色斑的出现,进一步提高了液晶显示的效率和显示效果。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及液晶显示技术领域,具体说涉及一种用于PSVA液晶显示装置的液晶配向方法。
背景技术
目前,薄膜晶体管显示器(TFT-LCD)已经逐渐占据了显示器领域的主导地位。而TFT-LCD中常采用液晶垂直取向(Vertical Alignment,VA)技术来实现广视角。在VA技术中,根据不同的应用场合又开发出包括多畴垂直取向技术(MVA)、电极图形垂直取向技术(PVA)和高分子安定化垂直配向(PolymerStabilized Vertical Alignment,PSVA)技术。
针对PSVA技术,其与其他技术相同也需要液晶分子预倾角处理步骤。在此步骤之前,首先要使得杂乱排列的液晶分子按照设计好的电极形状以一定模式排列。之后再将这种排列的液晶分子采用能量光例如紫外线照射以便固化。上述过程中无论液晶分子配向排列是否理想,经过固化后,其配向的状况会完全记忆在液晶盒内。如果在配向期间,液晶的排列不良,就有可能出现类似如图1所示的暗线101。可以看出,暗线在每个子像素单元的边缘部分最为明显。这将降低液晶效率,甚至产生显示器亮度不均匀例如色斑等现象,进而影响LCD的显示效果。
在现有PSVA制程过程中,液晶的倒向不良造成的原因有很多。例如,针对某些形状的公共电极设计自身会造成所产生的边缘电场不如中间电场良好,从而导致各个子像素边缘的液晶分子排列情况不理想。
因此,针对液晶分子预倾角处理中液晶分子倒向不够理想的问题,需要一种新的用于PSVA液晶显示装置的液晶配向方法。
发明内容
针对PSVA制程中液晶配向排列不够理想的问题,本发明提供了一种用于PSVA液晶显示装置的液晶配向方法,其包括以下步骤:
在各个像素单元对应的薄膜晶体管的栅极上提供第一电压使得所述薄膜晶体管处于导通状态;
在各个像素单元对应的薄膜晶体管的源极上施加第二电压,在彩色滤光膜侧公共电极和阵列侧公共电极上施加第三电压,使得在液晶分子配向期间,所述源极与所述彩色滤光膜侧公共电极之间具有交流电压差,进而使得液晶分子按照预定的方向角进行排列;
采用能量光将按照预定的方向角排列的液晶分子进行固化。
根据本发明的一个实施例,所述第一电压为持续的直流电压,以使得所述薄膜晶体管处于导通状态。
根据本发明的一个实施例,所述第一电压为周期性的脉冲电压,通过到来的脉冲使得所述薄膜晶体管处于周期性的导通状态。
根据本发明的一个实施例,所述预定的方向角由所述PSVA液晶显示装置的像素电极的结构设计决定。
根据本发明的一个实施例,所述PSVA液晶显示装置的像素电极设计为米字形结构,其包括中间竖直主干、中间水平主干以及分别从中延伸并与所述主干形成一定夹角的分支。
根据本发明的一个实施例,所述夹角为45度。
根据本发明的一个实施例,所述薄膜晶体管的源极接地,所述第三电压为交流电压。
根据本发明的一个实施例,所述第二电压为交流电压,所述彩色滤光膜侧公共电极和所述阵列侧公共电极接地。
根据本发明的一个实施例,采用紫外光照射所述PSVA液晶显示装置以进行配向的固化。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有如下优点:
根据本发明可以使液晶分子配向更加趋向于理想模式,从而对不连续线以及暗线的出现起到明显的抑制作用,进而提高了液晶显示效率,减少显示器亮度不均匀情况的产生,提高LCD的显示效果。
本发明的其它特征和优点将在随后的说明书中阐述,并且,部分地从说明书中变得显而易见,或者通过实施本发明而了解。本发明的目的和其他优点可通过在说明书、权利要求书以及附图中所特别指出的步骤来实现和获得。
附图说明
附图用来提供对本发明的进一步理解,并且构成说明书的一部分,与本发明的实施例共同用于解释本发明,并不构成对本发明的限制。在附图中:
图1是在PSVA制程中液晶分子配向不良时的像素单元显示画面;
图2是现有技术中的像素单元的等效电路图;
图3是现有技术中的像素电极的结构示意图;
图4是在图3所示的图中增加了液晶分子排列方向的结构示意图;
图5a和图5b是沿图3所示的线AA’和BB’方向所截得的像素单元的截面图;
图6是根据本发明的原理进行液晶配向的方法流程图;
图7a-7d是根据本发明的对不同电极施加不同电压的示意图;
图8是采用本发明的方法进行液晶配向的像素单元的显示效果图。
具体实施方式
以下将结合附图及实施例来详细说明本发明的实施方式,借此对本发明如何应用技术手段来解决技术问题,并达成技术效果的实现过程能充分理解并据以实施。需要说明的是,只要不构成冲突,本发明中的各个实施例以及各实施例中的各个特征可以相互结合,所形成的技术方案均在本发明的保护范围之内。
液晶显示器(LCD)包括设置有场发生电极诸如像素电极和公共电极的一对面板以及设置在两个面板之间的液晶层。当电压施加到像素电极和公共电极时,便在液晶层中产生电场,该电场决定了液晶层中的液晶分子的取向,从而调整入射到液晶层的光的偏振,使LCD显示图像。
液晶分子预倾角是液晶显示面板的一个重要的参数。液晶分子预倾角是指液晶显示面板内液晶分子在通电前的取向角度。液晶分子预倾角可以控制反倾畴的出现,而反倾畴则可使液晶显示面板的对比度降低。换言之,如不做液晶分子预倾角处理,液晶分子是随机取向的,并形成反倾小畴,由于各个小畴光折射率不同,在所显示的图像中就将出现斑纹。预倾处理的重要性还表现在:在一定程度上预倾角还可以影响透射率-电压曲线。在许多类型的LCD中,为了获得适当的电光特性和可视度,均要求液晶层具有某一确定的非零值预倾角。
PSVA技术是在液晶材料中掺入适当浓度的单体化合物并且震荡均匀。接着,将混合后的液晶材料置于加热器上加温到达等向性状态。当液晶混合物降至室温时,液晶混合物会回到向列型状态。然后,将液晶混合物注入至液晶盒并施与电压。当施加电压使液晶分子排列稳定时,使用紫外光或加热的方式让单体化合物进行聚合反应以成聚合物层,由此达到稳定配向的目的。
PSVA技术主要由带缝隙的TFT电极控制液晶倾倒,并于液晶材料中添加感光性高分子。PSVA液晶面板组成后,施加电场,使液晶倾倒,再利用紫外光使液晶内感光性单体反应,使液晶随着电场驱动方向产生预倾角,达到多畴的特性。因此,相比较MVA和PVA技术,PSVA的优点在于很好的黑态、响应时间快、透过率高、成本低等。
鉴于上述情况,本发明主要针对PSVA技术的液晶显示装置制造方法,尤其是预倾角处理之前液晶分子配向的方法做改进。为使本发明的原理更清楚,以下对现有技术中像素单元的各个电极形成的电场对液晶分子的排列的影响做一概述。
图2是现有技术中的像素单元的等效电路图。如图2所示,电压通过像素电极和彩色滤光膜侧公共电极CF Com230施加到液晶盒上,从而使液晶盒内的液晶分子在Clc积聚的电荷电场的作用下发生旋转。在该例中,可以看出通过像素电极覆盖在阵列侧公共电极A Com240上形成了存储电容Cst。这一点也可从图3和图4中获知。在图2所示的等效电路图中,像素电极是看不到的,其已等效为电容Clc上的一个电极。该电极在TFT开关导通时与阵列基板的数据线连通。
在一个例子中,如果要进行液晶分子配向处理,通常在像素电极和彩色滤光膜侧公共电极230之间施加电压,使得在液晶盒上产生希望的电场,从而使液晶盒内的液晶分子在电压的作用下发生旋转。液晶分子旋转的方向角由PSVA液晶显示装置的像素电极的结构设计决定。另一方面,现有技术通常为了简化操作,阵列不施加信号。例如,最简单的情况就是悬空数据线210和栅线210,这时TFT处于关断状态。要让液晶分子按照预定方向角倾倒,可以让CF Com230与A Com240之间施加交流信号,从而在它们之间形成交流压差。该交流压差进一步在液晶分子之间形成使它们旋转的电场。
以上方法因其简单有广泛的应用。然而,在配向期间,只有CF Com230与A Com240之间存在压差,这在某些情况的公共电极设计下会导致像素边缘的电场不理想,从而影响了液晶分子的配向效果。液晶分子的配向不良直接影响到后续的预倾角处理。
下面介绍对液晶分子配向起影响作用的像素电极的设计。如图3所示,其中显示了现有技术中的像素电极的结构。可以看出,像素电极321设计为“米”字型,其包括中间竖直主干、中间水平主干以及分别从中延伸并与这些主干形成一定夹角的分支。优选地是,这些分支与主干的夹角为45度。如图所示,该中间竖直主干和水平主干将整个像素电极面积平均分成四个像素电极区域,在这些区域中包括所延伸的条状分支,它们分别称为分支部。在备选实施例中,这些条状分支可平铺组成,与竖直主干和水平主干位于同一平面上。
在图3所示的结构中,像素单元薄膜晶体管TFT的源极312与数据线350电性接触。像素单元薄膜晶体管的栅极(未示出)与液晶面板的扫描线或栅线311电性接触。薄膜晶体管的漏极同像素电极321的分支部电性接触。
在这种形状的像素电极下,理想状况是,在通电情况下液晶分子应该是由像素电极外侧开始逐渐向像素内侧倾倒。一致倾向的方向角与分支与水平主干的夹角有关。比如,如图4所示的那样,在通电的情况下,沿垂直于像素电极所在平面的方向观察,液晶分子401、402、403、404如箭头所示由像素电极外侧向内侧倾倒。倾倒的角度沿切口方向。四个区域的液晶倾倒方向分别为±45度或±135度(均相对于中间水平主干)。这样的角度也表明,液晶分子都指向像素单元的中央区域,中间水平主干和中间竖直主干相交的区域。
图4所示的液晶方向角是理想状况下的。但在实际过程中,液晶分子的倾倒方向并不是完全吻合上述角度。液晶分子的倾倒方向越吻合上述角度,液晶像素单元的显示效果越理想。
为了进一步说明原理,参见图5a和5b,其为将图3中像素单元沿虚线AA’和BB’截开的像素单元的截面图。像素单元横截面内的液晶倒向如图所示。液晶倾倒指向像素单元内部,但是并没有完全严格按照图4所示角度倾倒。液晶分子倾倒角度偏差过大就造成如图1所示的情况。图1为在显微镜下以垂直像素电极所在平面的方向观察液晶面板上的像素单元。
在本发明的PSVA制程中需要包含液晶分子预倾角处理步骤。在此步骤中,首先,要使得液晶分子按照一定角度偏转,然后将液晶分子的偏转角度固化。上述过程中无论液晶分子偏转角度配向理想与否,经过固化后,其配向的状况会完全记忆在液晶盒内。因此如果能够尽可能的使得液晶的倒向趋向于理想模式排列就可以提高液晶屏的穿透率,从而提高液晶屏的显示效果。
如前所述,在现有技术中,通常采用在彩色滤光膜侧公共电极和阵列侧公共电极间施加交流电压的方式实现预倾角处理之前的液晶分子配向。在此过程中,薄膜晶体管TFT的栅极和源极处于悬空状态,而在彩色滤光膜侧公共电极222和阵列侧公共电极232之间施加交流压差。这样的交流压差依据不同的公共电极结构有可能会造成像素单元的边缘电场不理想。
为了改善边缘电场,本发明提供了一种液晶分子的配向方法。该方法的流程图如图6所示。本发明的方法开始于步骤S601。在步骤S601中,在各个像素单元对应的薄膜晶体管的栅极上提供第一电压使得薄膜晶体管处于导通状态。这里需要说明的是,该第一电压可以为持续的直流电压信号,也可以为一脉冲电压信号。只要能够保证在配向期间薄膜晶体管处于导通状态,甚至是微导通状态,就可以实现本发明。因此,这里不对第一电压的具体值作限定。当然,实际情况中,如果给栅线提供的是直流电压信号,那么为保证不影响后续工艺及显示效果,该值不宜超过显示驱动时所需的电压值。如果给栅线提供的是周期性的脉冲信号,那么其周期可以预先根据配向所需的时间来确定。
在步骤S602中,在各个像素单元对应的薄膜晶体管的源极上施加第二电压,同时在彩色滤光膜侧公共电极和阵列侧公共电极上施加第三电压,使得在液晶分子配向期间,薄膜晶体管的源极与彩色滤光膜侧公共电极之间具有交流电压差,进而使得液晶分子按照预定的方向角进行排列(步骤S603中)。通常而言,该方向角受限于像素电极结构的形状。对于如上所述的米字型结构,按照本发明的配向方法,几乎所有包括像素边缘的液晶分子均朝向米字形结构的主干方向倾倒。在一种情况下,倾倒的方向角例如为45度。本领域的技术人员可以理解,该角度也不是一定的,可以根据实际情况进行变更。
在本例中,对于源极上提供的第二电压可以通过阵列基板的数据线来提供。由于本发明主要是在像素薄膜晶体管导通或微导通情况下,通过在CF侧公共电极与像素电极之间形成交流压差,从而形成希望的电场。因此,在满足晶体管导通的情况下,数据线上的电压即第二电压可以为例如接地的电压,而给CF侧公共电极提供的第三电压为一系列以接地电压为参考的交变的脉冲电压信号。本发明为了消除两个公共电极之间的电场对像素边缘电场的影响,对阵列侧公共电极也施加同样的脉冲电压信号,如图7a所示。
在另一个实施例中,可以按照图7b的方式给不同的电极施加电压。例如,与上相反,给CF侧公共电极和阵列侧公共电极提供的第三电压为接地的电压,而给数据线(在TFT导通的情况下,也就是像素电极)提供的第二电压为一系列以接地电压为参考的交变的脉冲电压信号。这里,将作为交流压差的参考点设为接地的电压,是为了实现的方便。事实上,本发明不限于此。在一些情况下,也可以第三电压不接地,而施加与第二电压相反相位的脉冲电压序列。
图7c和7d示出了给栅线提供的第一电压为一个脉冲信号的情况。在该例中,薄膜晶体管的导通或微导通时间较短,因此对固化时间有一定的要求。在此不进行赘述。
再回到图6,按照以上几种方式给各个电极提供电压后,液晶分子按照预定的方向角例如均朝向像素的中间区域倾倒。最后,在步骤S604中,采用能量光例如紫外线将按照预定的方向角排列的液晶分子进行固化。固化的工艺有很多种,本发明采用的是紫外光照射。明显的是,任何固化方式均可用于本发明。
如图8所示,其为利用显微镜观察液晶面板上的像素单元采用本发明的方法进行配向处理的显示效果图。对比图1配向不良的状况,图8中的暗线消除,像素单元的显示效果得到了显著提高。由此可见,本发明可以使液晶分子配向更加趋向于理想模式。这有利于后续的预倾角处理达到理想,从而抑制不连续线以及色斑的出现,进一步提高了液晶显示的效率和显示效果。
虽然本发明所公开的实施方式如上,但所述的内容只是为了便于理解本发明而采用的实施方式,并非用以限定本发明。本发明所述方法还可有其他多种实施例,在不背离本发明实质的情况下,熟悉本领域的技术人员当可根据本发明作出各种相应的改变和变形,但这些相应的改变和变形都应属于本发明的权利要求的保护范围。
Claims (9)
1.一种用于PSVA液晶显示装置的液晶配向方法,其包括以下步骤:
在各个像素单元对应的薄膜晶体管的栅极上提供第一电压使得所述薄膜晶体管处于导通状态;
在各个像素单元对应的薄膜晶体管的源极上施加第二电压,在彩色滤光膜侧公共电极和阵列侧公共电极上施加第三电压,使得在液晶分子配向期间,所述源极与所述彩色滤光膜侧公共电极之间具有交流电压差,进而使得液晶分子按照预定的方向角进行排列;
采用能量光将按照预定的方向角排列的液晶分子进行固化。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中,所述第一电压为持续的直流电压,以使得所述薄膜晶体管处于导通状态。
3.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中,所述第一电压为周期性的脉冲电压,通过到来的脉冲使得所述薄膜晶体管处于周期性的导通状态。
4.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中,所述预定的方向角由所述PSVA液晶显示装置的像素电极的结构设计决定。
5.如权利要求4所述的方法,其中,所述PSVA液晶显示装置的像素电极设计为米字形结构,其包括中间竖直主干、中间水平主干以及分别从中延伸并与所述主干形成一定夹角的分支。
6.如权利要求5所述的方法,其中,所述夹角为45度。
7.如权利要求1-6中任一项所述的方法,其中,所述薄膜晶体管的源极接地,所述第三电压为交流电压。
8.如权利要求1-6中任一项所述的方法,其中,所述第二电压为交流电压,所述彩色滤光膜侧公共电极和所述阵列侧公共电极接地。
9.如权利要求8所述的方法,其中,采用紫外光照射所述PSVA液晶显示装置以进行配向的固化。
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CN105242416A (zh) * | 2015-10-10 | 2016-01-13 | 深圳市华星光电技术有限公司 | 一种液晶显示器及其制备方法 |
CN105242416B (zh) * | 2015-10-10 | 2018-06-15 | 深圳市华星光电技术有限公司 | 一种液晶显示器及其制备方法 |
WO2017059606A1 (zh) * | 2015-10-10 | 2017-04-13 | 深圳市华星光电技术有限公司 | 一种液晶显示器及其制备方法 |
CN105242425B (zh) * | 2015-10-12 | 2017-03-15 | 深圳市华星光电技术有限公司 | 一种显示面板、液晶显示器及显示面板的制备方法 |
WO2017063204A1 (zh) * | 2015-10-12 | 2017-04-20 | 深圳市华星光电技术有限公司 | 一种显示面板、液晶显示器及显示面板的制备方法 |
CN105242425A (zh) * | 2015-10-12 | 2016-01-13 | 深圳市华星光电技术有限公司 | 一种显示面板、液晶显示器及显示面板的制备方法 |
WO2017063231A1 (zh) * | 2015-10-14 | 2017-04-20 | 深圳市华星光电技术有限公司 | 液晶显示面板 |
CN107167967A (zh) * | 2017-05-04 | 2017-09-15 | 深圳市华星光电技术有限公司 | 光配向走线结构 |
CN108121116A (zh) * | 2017-12-29 | 2018-06-05 | 深圳市华星光电半导体显示技术有限公司 | 一种液晶显示面板的配向方法 |
WO2019127635A1 (zh) * | 2017-12-29 | 2019-07-04 | 深圳市华星光电半导体显示技术有限公司 | 一种液晶显示面板的配向方法 |
CN108319083A (zh) * | 2018-02-11 | 2018-07-24 | 深圳市华星光电半导体显示技术有限公司 | 一种显示组件及制造方法 |
WO2019153474A1 (zh) * | 2018-02-11 | 2019-08-15 | 深圳市华星光电半导体显示技术有限公司 | 一种显示组件及制造方法 |
CN110297361A (zh) * | 2018-03-23 | 2019-10-01 | 友达光电股份有限公司 | 显示面板的制造方法 |
CN109752886A (zh) * | 2019-03-26 | 2019-05-14 | 深圳市华星光电技术有限公司 | 液晶显示面板 |
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US9618796B2 (en) | 2017-04-11 |
WO2015168960A1 (zh) | 2015-11-12 |
US20160231603A1 (en) | 2016-08-11 |
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