CN104007177A - Method for detecting microporous defect at heart part of cold-drawn seamless steel tube - Google Patents
Method for detecting microporous defect at heart part of cold-drawn seamless steel tube Download PDFInfo
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- CN104007177A CN104007177A CN201410252654.3A CN201410252654A CN104007177A CN 104007177 A CN104007177 A CN 104007177A CN 201410252654 A CN201410252654 A CN 201410252654A CN 104007177 A CN104007177 A CN 104007177A
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for detecting the microporous defect at the heart part of a cold-drawn seamless steel tube. The method comprises the following steps: selecting sample pieces; performing ultrasonic flaw detection on the sample pieces; regulating a gain knob of an ultrasonic flow detector to ensure that the height of the bottom wave at the first time is A and fixing the gain knob to acquire the ultrasonic flow detector with determined detection sensitivity; scanning the cold-drawn seamless steel tube to be detected by using the ultrasonic flow detector with determined detection sensitivity along the axial direction, recording the height X of the bottom wave at the first time of all parts of the cold-drawn seamless steel tube to be detected, and representing whether the heart part of the cold-drawn seamless steel tube to be detected has the microporous defect or not by using decibel difference 201g(A/X) between the height A of the bottom wave at the first time and the height X of the bottom wave at the first time of a certain part of the cold-drawn seamless steel tube to be detected. According to the method, the microporous defect at the heart part of the cold-drawn seamless steel tube can be conveniently and accurately detected, and the method has the significant meaning on improvement of the quality of real objects of cold-drawn seamless steel tube products.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the defect detecting technique field of solid drawn tube, specifically, relate to a kind of method that method combining with metal lographic examination with Ultrasonic Detection detects the micropore shape defect of solid drawn tube (volume cold drawn cylinder weldless steel tube especially, greatly) heart portion.
Background technology
Conventionally, solid drawn tube (referred to as cold drawing steel tube) be adopt hydraulic high precision drawbench under the effect of pulling capacity by the mould of definite shape, make to produce moulding distortion through pretreated pipe generation work hardening and form.
The technological process of production of cold drawing steel tube is generally: pipe---annealing or tempering heat treatment (or not thermal treatment), pickling, phosphatization, saponification---, and cold-drawn becomes fished pipe.
If pipe is not annealed or poor effect, pickling, phosphatization, the saponification poor effect of the annealing of tempering heat treatment, pipe or tempering heat treatment, cold-drawing technology parameter is improper, thickness of steel pipe is uneven, all may the heart portion between cold drawing steel tube inside and outside wall form micropore shape defect.In general,, under normal manufacturing condition, the probability that such defect occurs is less.
Inventor finds that above-mentioned micropore shape defect has following characteristics: 1, the regional area on cold drawing steel tube is the distribution of longitudinal band shape, and its macroscopic view distributes without evident regularity; 2, on cold drawing steel tube, occur the region of micropore shape defect, the quantity of micropore shape defect is more, and density is larger; 3, the longitudinal and horizontal form of micropore shape defect is irregular hole, the size of single micropore is generally between 5um and 30um, mainly be distributed in the near middle between cold drawing steel tube inside and outside wall, and near inside and outside wall, the density of micropore shape defect obviously declines.
Because the distance between little, the adjacent micropore of size of the single micropore of micropore shape defect is relatively large, near inside and outside wall without such micropore shape defect.Therefore, adopt the lossless detection methods such as conventional supersonic detection method, ray detection method, magnetic detection method, eddy current detection method, Liquid Penetrant detection method all cannot go out this micropore shape defect by direct-detection.
The heart portion of cold drawing steel tube exists micropore shape defect, not only causes this fault location stress concentration high, easily form tired source or formation of crack, and the mechanical property such as extension and impact flexibility of micropore shape fault location also will significantly reduce.Like this, the serviceable life of cold-drawn fished pipe will significantly be reduced.
Therefore,, for the higher product of request for utilization, heart portion exists the cold-drawn fished pipe of micropore shape defect to do to demote or sentences useless processing.
At present, in the related data and document of prior art, there is no the report of the micropore shape defect of such cold drawn steel die portion, relate to the also detection method of needleless to such defect of the national standard such as gas cylinder, oil cylinder of cold drawing steel tube product.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to solve at least one in prior art above shortcomings.
For example, one of object of the present invention is to provide one can detect the method for the micropore shape defect of solid drawn tube (especially large volume cold drawn cylinder weldless steel tube) heart portion.Another object of the present invention is to provide a kind of method of the micropore shape defect that can detect easily and accurately solid drawn tube heart portion.
The invention provides a kind of method of the micropore shape defect that detects solid drawn tube heart portion.Said method comprising the steps of: choose the one section of steel pipe that there is identical specification, material and surface state with solid drawn tube to be measured as sample piece, and inside pore-free shape defect and other detection defects of described sample piece, sample piece is carried out to UT (Ultrasonic Testing), regulate the gain knob of ultra-sonic defect detector, making the wave height of end ripple is for the first time A, and fixed gain knob is to obtain having the ultra-sonic defect detector of definite detection sensitivity, along axis direction, solid drawn tube to be measured is carried out to scanning with the described ultra-sonic defect detector with definite detection sensitivity, and record the wave height X of the ripple of the end for the first time at each position of solid drawn tube to be measured, characterize this position heart portion of solid drawn tube to be measured with the poor 20lg of decibel (A/X) of the high X of the wave-wave of the end for the first time of a part of the high A of end wave-wave and solid drawn tube to be measured for the first time and whether have micropore shape defect, wherein, decibel is poor to be not less than 5dB and to characterize this position heart portion and have micropore shape defect, decibel is poor to be not more than 2dB and to characterize this position heart portion and do not have micropore shape defect, decibel is poor to be greater than 2dB and to be less than 5dB and characterize this position heart portion and may have micropore shape defect, metallographic specimen is made at the position that decibel difference is greater than to 2dB and is less than 5dB, and whether this position of micro-Microscopic observation that is 12.5～100 times in enlargement factor exists micropore shape defect.
Compared with prior art, beneficial effect of the present invention comprises: can detect easily and accurately the micropore shape defect of solid drawn tube heart portion, have very important significance for the quality in kind that improves cold drawing steel tube product.
Brief description of the drawings
By the description of carrying out below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, above and other objects of the present invention and feature will become apparent, wherein:
Fig. 1 shows the micropore shape defect on solid drawn tube in one exemplary embodiment of the present invention, and wherein, enlargement factor is 12.5 times.
Fig. 2 shows the micropore shape defect on solid drawn tube in one exemplary embodiment of the present invention, and wherein, enlargement factor is 50 times.
Embodiment
Hereinafter, describe the detection method of the micropore shape defect of the solid drawn tube heart of the present invention portion in detail in connection with exemplary embodiment.
In one exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the method that detects the micropore shape defect of solid drawn tube heart portion can be made up of following steps:
(1) choose benchmark sample piece
Choose the one section of steel pipe that there is identical specification, material and surface state with solid drawn tube to be measured as benchmark sample piece (referred to as sample piece), and inside pore-free shape defect and other detection defects of sample piece.For example, choose the one section of steel pipe that there is identical specification, material and surface state with solid drawn tube to be measured as sample piece, and the elongation after fracture of this sample piece is not less than 16% ,-40 degree ballistic works are not less than 60J, and the metallographic specimen of sample piece is pore-free shape defect under the microscope of 12.5～100 times in enlargement factor.
Taking large volume cold drawn cylinder weldless steel tube as example, provide an example choosing sample piece, but the invention is not restricted to this below.In example below, the method for choosing sample piece is as follows:
Choose the normal cold drawing steel tube of production technology, by GB18248 " large volume cold drawn cylinder weldless steel tube " carry out ultrasound examination qualified after, it is the tubular steel pipe of 500～550 millimeters that cold working cuts one section of longitudinal length, cut respectively at the two ends of tubular steel pipe the steel pipe that two segment length are 200 millimeters by GB/T228 and GB/T229 again, and above respectively cut one group for detection of longitudinal pulling force every 60 degree at these two sections of steel pipe transverses (radially), the sample of ballistic work and metallurgical structure, and be that the tubular steel pipe of 100～150 millimeters is as alternative sample piece using remaining longitudinal length.
12 groups of longitudinal pulling forces getting on two sections of steel pipes, impact blank sample are undertaken after modified thermal treatment, machine work by GB18248 " large volume cold drawn cylinder weldless steel tube ", carry out pulling force, impulse test by GB/T228 and GB/T229 again, require elongation after fracture to be all not less than 16% ,-40 degree ballistic work averages of standard sample are all not less than 60J.
Metal lographic examination comprises the following steps:
A, using two longitudinal surfaces of 12 groups of metallographic blank samples getting on two sections of steel pipes as inspection face, first on emery wheel, polish;
B, the metallographic specimen of having polished grind on 1# flint glass paper, and grind continuing after metallographic specimen 90-degree rotation after grinding in the same direction;
C, the metallographic specimen of having roughly ground is ground on fine sandpaper, order is ground to 4# sand paper from 1# sand paper, and will after metallographic specimen 90-degree rotation, continue to grind after grinding in the same direction;
D, metallographic specimen good fine grinding is cleaned and polishing on polishing cloth, adopted 1.5um diamond polishing cream as brilliant polish and adopt water as lubricant;
E, the metallographic specimen after polishing is clean with alcohol.
F, micro-Microscopic observation metallographic specimen, to determine whether to exist micropore shape defect.When observation, microscopical enlargement factor is 12.5～100 times.
If the elongation after fracture of the 12 groups of tension samples of getting is all not less than 16%,-40 degree ballistic work averages of standard impact specimen are all not less than 60J, and pore-free shape defect on 12 groups of metallographic specimens, so, aforementioned remaining longitudinal length is that the tubular steel pipe of 100～150 millimeters just can be used as sample piece and uses.
(2) Non-Destructive Testing of the micropore shape defect of cold drawn steel die portion
Sample piece is carried out to UT (Ultrasonic Testing), regulate the gain knob of ultra-sonic defect detector, making the wave height of end ripple is for the first time A, and fixed gain knob is to obtain having the ultra-sonic defect detector of definite detection sensitivity.For example, the wave height A of end ripple can be 80% of ultra-sonic defect detector display screen amplitude all over the screen for the first time, is conducive to like this observation.But, the invention is not restricted to this, for example, the wave height A of end ripple can be the arbitrary numerical value from zero to 100 in ultra-sonic defect detector display screen for the first time.Here, UT (Ultrasonic Testing) adopts compressional wave normal probe, and wafer size is selected in the scope of Φ 6～Φ 20mm, and inspection frequency is selected in the scope of 2.5～5.0MHz.It should be noted that, detecting after sample piece, the inspection frequency of ultra-sonic defect detector, wafer size, gain knob etc. are fixing.
Determine that with this detection sensitivity carries out scanning along axis direction to solid drawn tube to be measured with this ultra-sonic defect detector, and record the wave height X of the ripple of the end for the first time at each position of solid drawn tube to be measured, poor (with the decibel of the high X of the wave-wave of the end for the first time of a part of the high A of end wave-wave and solid drawn tube to be measured for the first time, the finger of formula 20lg (A/X)) characterize this position heart portion of solid drawn tube to be measured and whether have micropore shape defect, wherein, decibel is poor to be not less than 5dB and to characterize this position heart portion and have micropore shape defect, decibel is poor to be not more than 2dB and to characterize this position heart portion and do not have micropore shape defect, decibel is poor to be greater than 2dB and to be less than 5dB and characterize this position heart portion and may have micropore shape defect.Metallographic specimen is made at the position that decibel difference is greater than to 2dB and is less than 5dB, and whether this position of micro-Microscopic observation that is 12.5～100 times in enlargement factor exists micropore shape defect.
For example, be greater than 2dB and be less than for the position of 5dB for decibel difference, can adopt following metallographic detection method to observe, but the invention is not restricted to this.
Cold drawing steel tube, after flaw detection, if the wave-wave of the end for the first time in somewhere numerical value high and that A decibel is poor is greater than 2dB and is less than 5dB, is gone bail for and is stayed the metallographic specimen of inside and outside wall at this place, using two longitudinal surface as inspection face.The inspection face of above-mentioned metallographic specimen is polished on emery wheel; The metallographic specimen of having polished grinds on 1# flint glass paper, and grinds continuing after metallographic specimen 90-degree rotation after grinding in the same direction; The metallographic specimen of having roughly ground is ground on fine sandpaper, and order is ground to 4# sand paper from 1# sand paper, and grinds continuing after metallographic specimen 90-degree rotation after grinding in the same direction; Metallographic specimen good fine grinding is cleaned and polishing on polishing cloth, adopted 1.5um diamond polishing cream as brilliant polish and adopt water as lubricant; Metallographic specimen after polishing is cleaned with alcohol.Micro-Microscopic observation metallographic specimen, to determine whether to exist micropore shape defect.When observation, microscopical enlargement factor is 12.5～100 times.
In addition, preferably, solid drawn tube to be detected can be first carry out ultrasound examination by GB18248 " large volume cold drawn cylinder weldless steel tube ", carries out the detection of the micropore shape defect of the steel pipe heart of the present invention portion after qualified again.
Describe exemplary embodiment of the present invention in detail below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and concrete example.
This example is the large volume cold drawn cylinder of the 30CrMo weldless steel tube that 559 × 18mm, numbering are respectively 1～99# for detection of specification.
This example realizes by following step.
1, steel pipe to be checked first carries out ultrasound examination by GB18248 " large volume cold drawn cylinder weldless steel tube ", carries out the detection of the micropore shape defect of steel pipe heart portion after qualified.
2, choose with tested steel pipe and have tubular steel pipe that same size, material and surface state one section is intact as sample piece, the inner pore-free shape defect of this sample piece and other detection defects.The method of choosing sample piece is as follows:
(1), choose the normal cold drawing steel tube of production technology, by GB18248 " large volume cold drawn cylinder weldless steel tube " carry out ultrasound examination qualified after, it is the tubular steel pipe of 500～550 millimeters that cold working cuts one section of longitudinal length, cut respectively at the two ends of tubular steel pipe the steel pipe that two segment length are 200 millimeters by GB/T228 and GB/T229 again, and respectively cut one group of longitudinal pulling force every 60 degree on these two sections of steel pipe transverses, impact and retain the metallographic blank sample of inside and outside wall, and be that the tubular steel pipe of 100～150 millimeters is as alternative sample piece using remaining longitudinal length.
(2), 12 groups of longitudinal pulling forces getting on two sections of steel pipes, impact blank sample are undertaken after modified thermal treatment, machine work by GB18248 " large volume cold drawn cylinder weldless steel tube ", carry out pulling force, impulse test by GB/T228 and GB/T229 again, require elongation after fracture to be all not less than 16% ,-40 degree ballistic work averages of standard sample are all not less than 60J.
(3), metal lographic examination comprises the following steps:
1. using two longitudinal surfaces of 12 groups of metallographic blank samples getting on two sections of steel pipes as inspection face, first on emery wheel, polish;
The metallographic specimen of 2. having polished grinds on 1# flint glass paper, and grinds continuing after metallographic specimen 90-degree rotation after grinding in the same direction;
3. the metallographic specimen of having roughly ground is ground on fine sandpaper, order is ground to 4# sand paper from 1# sand paper, and grinds continuing after metallographic specimen 90-degree rotation after grinding in the same direction;
4. metallographic specimen good fine grinding is cleaned and polishing on polishing cloth, adopted 1.5um diamond polishing cream as brilliant polish and adopt water as lubricant;
5. the metallographic specimen after polishing is cleaned with alcohol.
6. micro-Microscopic observation metallographic specimen, to determine whether to exist micropore shape defect.When observation, microscopical enlargement factor is 12.5～100 times.
(4) if the elongation after fracture of the 12 groups of tension samples of getting is all not less than 16%,-40 degree ballistic work averages of standard impact specimen are all not less than 60J, and pore-free shape defect on 12 groups of metallographic specimens, so, above-mentioned remaining longitudinal length is that the tubular steel pipe of 100～150 millimeters just can be used as sample piece and uses.
3, the detection of the micropore shape defect of cold drawn steel die portion
First steel pipe to be checked is carried out to UT (Ultrasonic Testing), the HS600 type digital ultrasonic flaw detector that ultra-sonic defect detector adopts Wuhan Branch Innovative Technology Co., Ltd to produce, ultrasonic probe adopts monocrystalline compressional wave normal probe, and wafer size is selected Φ 20mm, and inspection frequency is selected 4.0MHz.
First ultrasonic probe is placed on sample piece and is tested, regulate the gain knob of ultra-sonic defect detector, making the wave height of end ripple is for the first time 80% of ultra-sonic defect detector display screen amplitude all over the screen, fixed gain knob, using this as detection sensitivity, on tested steel pipe, the axis along steel pipe does reciprocal scanning, and the observation wave-wave of the end for the first time is everywhere high.
Be not less than 5dB if the wave-wave of the end for the first time in somewhere decibel high and benchmark wave height is poor, represent that the heart portion of this place's cold drawing steel tube exists micropore shape defect; If the wave-wave of the end for the first time in somewhere is high and the poor 2dB that is not more than of reference wave high-decibel, represent that the heart portion of this place's cold drawing steel tube does not exist micropore shape defect; If the numerical value that the wave-wave of the end is for the first time high and reference wave high-decibel is poor in somewhere, between 2dB and 5dB, represents that the heart portion of this place's cold drawing steel tube may exist micropore shape defect, need sampling to adopt metallographic analysing method to add their confirmation.
The confirmation method of above-mentioned metallographic examination comprises the following steps:
(1) cold drawing steel tube, after flaw detection, if the wave-wave of the end for the first time in somewhere is high and the decibel of benchmark wave height is poor between 2dB and 5dB, is gone bail for and is stayed the metallographic specimen of inside and outside wall at this place, using two longitudinal surface as inspection face.
(2) the inspection face of metallographic specimen is polished on emery wheel;
(3) metallographic specimen of milled grinds on 1# flint glass paper, and grinds continuing after metallographic specimen 90-degree rotation after grinding in the same direction;
(4) metallographic specimen of having roughly ground is ground on fine sandpaper, order is ground to 4# sand paper from 1# sand paper, and grinds continuing after metallographic specimen 90-degree rotation after grinding in the same direction;
(5) metallographic specimen good fine grinding is cleaned and polishing on polishing cloth, adopted 1.5um diamond polishing cream as brilliant polish and adopt water as lubricant;
(6) sample after polishing is cleaned with alcohol.
(7) micro-Microscopic observation metallographic specimen, to determine whether to exist micropore shape defect.When observation, microscopical enlargement factor is 12.5～100 times.
4, testing result
(1), pass through UT (Ultrasonic Testing), find to have a longitudinal band shape region, place on 75# solid drawn tube, in this region, the wave-wave of the end for the first time of multiple spot is high differs between 5.2～6.1dB with the decibel of benchmark wave height, represents to exist on this steel pipe micropore shape defect.The checking detecting through metallographic, there is micropore shape defect in these regions really.
(2), pass through UT (Ultrasonic Testing), find to have a longitudinal band shape region, place on 27# solid drawn tube, in this region, the wave-wave of the end for the first time of multiple spot decibel high and benchmark wave height is poor between 2.6～4.3dB, represent may exist micropore shape defect on this steel pipe, get metallographic specimen in the position that may exist micropore shape defect, after inspection, to find to exist micropore shape defect, its pattern is shown in Fig. 1, Fig. 2.
(3), by UT (Ultrasonic Testing), find on all the other solid drawn tubes the wave-wave of the end for the first time everywhere high with the decibel difference of benchmark wave height between 0.2～1.9dB, represent not exist on these steel pipes micropore shape defect.The checking detecting through metallographic, there is not micropore shape defect in these regions really.
Although described the present invention with exemplary embodiment by reference to the accompanying drawings above, those of ordinary skill in the art should be clear, in the case of not departing from the spirit and scope of claim, can carry out various amendments to above-described embodiment.
Claims (5)
1. a method that detects the micropore shape defect of solid drawn tube heart portion, is characterized in that, said method comprising the steps of:
Choose the one section of steel pipe that there is identical specification, material and surface state with solid drawn tube to be measured as sample piece, and inside pore-free shape defect and other detection defects of described sample piece;
Sample piece is carried out to UT (Ultrasonic Testing), regulate the gain knob of ultra-sonic defect detector, making the wave height of end ripple is for the first time A, and fixed gain knob is to obtain having the ultra-sonic defect detector of definite detection sensitivity;
Along axis direction, solid drawn tube to be measured is carried out to scanning with the described ultra-sonic defect detector with definite detection sensitivity, and record the wave height X of the ripple of the end for the first time at each position of solid drawn tube to be measured, characterize this position heart portion of solid drawn tube to be measured with the poor 20lg of decibel (A/X) of the high X of the wave-wave of the end for the first time of a part of the high A of end wave-wave and solid drawn tube to be measured for the first time and whether have micropore shape defect, wherein, decibel is poor to be not less than 5dB and to characterize this position heart portion and have micropore shape defect, decibel is poor to be not more than 2dB and to characterize this position heart portion and do not have micropore shape defect, decibel is poor to be greater than 2dB and to be less than 5dB and characterize this position heart portion and may have micropore shape defect,
Metallographic specimen is made at the position that decibel difference is greater than to 2dB and is less than 5dB, and whether this position of micro-Microscopic observation that is 12.5～100 times in enlargement factor exists micropore shape defect.
2. the method for the micropore shape defect of the detection solid drawn tube heart according to claim 1 portion, is characterized in that, the wave height A of ripple of the described end is for the first time 70～90% of ultra-sonic defect detector display screen amplitude all over the screen.
3. the method for the micropore shape defect of the detection solid drawn tube heart according to claim 1 portion, is characterized in that, described solid drawn tube is large volume cold drawn cylinder weldless steel tube.
4. the method for the micropore shape defect of the detection solid drawn tube heart according to claim 1 portion, it is characterized in that, the elongation after fracture of described sample piece is not less than 16% ,-40 degree ballistic works are not less than 60J, and the metallographic specimen of sample piece is pore-free shape defect under the microscope of 12.5～100 times in enlargement factor.
5. the method for the micropore shape defect of the detection solid drawn tube heart according to claim 1 portion, it is characterized in that, described UT (Ultrasonic Testing) adopts compressional wave normal probe, and wafer size is selected in the scope of Φ 6～Φ 20mm, and inspection frequency is selected in the scope of 2.5～5.0MHz.
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| CN105806950A (en) * | 2014-12-31 | 2016-07-27 | 北京有色金属研究总院 | Method for detecting uniformity and process stability of aluminum-based composite material by utilizing ultrasonic waves |
| CN106153631A (en) * | 2015-04-27 | 2016-11-23 | 鞍钢股份有限公司 | Seamless steel pipe flaw detection sampling measurement method |
| CN109030132A (en) * | 2018-06-14 | 2018-12-18 | 国网安徽省电力有限公司电力科学研究院 | A kind of creep impairment reference block preparation method, damage detecting method and system |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN105806950A (en) * | 2014-12-31 | 2016-07-27 | 北京有色金属研究总院 | Method for detecting uniformity and process stability of aluminum-based composite material by utilizing ultrasonic waves |
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| CN105181427B (en) * | 2015-08-11 | 2018-03-16 | 攀钢集团成都钢钒有限公司 | The detection method and characterizing method of the micropore shape defect of solid drawn tube |
| CN109030132A (en) * | 2018-06-14 | 2018-12-18 | 国网安徽省电力有限公司电力科学研究院 | A kind of creep impairment reference block preparation method, damage detecting method and system |
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Application publication date: 20140827 |