Test method for highest monitoring sensitivity and resolution of ultrasonic guided waves at elbow pipeline
Technical Field
The invention relates to an elbow pipeline nondestructive testing technology, in particular to a test method for the highest monitoring sensitivity and resolution of ultrasonic guided waves at an elbow pipeline.
Background
The pipeline commonly used in petrochemical enterprises is easy to damage and cause industrial accidents due to corrosion and scouring in the long-term service process. Not only causes huge economic loss, but also has serious damage to the environment, so that the application of the pipeline monitoring technology is increasingly increased.
As a novel nondestructive testing technology, the ultrasonic guided wave has the advantages of high detection efficiency, wide detection range, high detection speed, realization of full-section detection and the like, and has a great application prospect in the aspect of online monitoring of pipelines. The principle is that the reflection and transmission phenomena of guided waves are caused when the guided waves encounter the change of the shape and structure of a medium in the propagation process. In the actual pipeline monitoring process, when the pipeline discontinuity, the geometric shape change and the wall thickness change are met, the guided wave can be reflected, and the damage information of the pipeline is determined by analyzing an echo signal with the pipeline defect information. By utilizing the technology, whether the pipeline is damaged or not can be monitored, and the growth rate with defects can be monitored, so that the weak link of the pipeline is predicted, and the risk of pipeline breakage is reduced.
However, in order to assess the performance of a guided wave monitoring system, it is necessary to obtain the highest sensitivity and resolution of the system. However, due to the multimode property of the guided wave, when the ultrasonic guided wave technology is applied to the detection of the pipeline defect, the guided wave mode of the guided wave technology is easily affected by the material and the shape of the pipeline, so that the echo signal is often relatively complex. And because the guided wave frequency characteristic equation is complex, the particle vibration mode and the energy flow distribution have particularity, and the generation and the propagation of the ultrasonic guided wave are difficult to realize by theoretically calculating the sensitivity and the resolution of the guided wave monitoring system. In addition, no literature is available on the calculation method of the maximum sensitivity and resolution of the guided wave monitoring system, and therefore obtaining the maximum sensitivity and resolution of the monitoring system is a concern.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems and provides a method for testing the highest monitoring sensitivity and the highest resolution of ultrasonic guided waves at an elbow pipeline, which has the characteristics of rapidly acquiring two key parameters of the highest monitoring sensitivity and the highest resolution of the ultrasonic guided waves with different frequencies at the elbow, greatly reducing the time cost of the test, the processing cost of a sample piece and the like.
The technical problem of the invention is mainly solved by the following technical scheme: a test method for the highest monitoring sensitivity and resolution of ultrasonic guided waves at an elbow pipeline is characterized in that the ultrasonic guided waves with set frequency are used for monitoring an elbow test piece, manual quantitative engraving is carried out on the elbow test piece, and therefore the monitoring performance of the ultrasonic guided waves with the frequency is obtained.
In the test method for the highest monitoring sensitivity and resolution of the ultrasonic guided wave at the elbow pipeline, the test method preferably comprises the following steps:
1) and carrying out surface treatment on the tested elbow test piece, and installing a monitoring transducer.
2) And setting parameters of the detector, and acquiring a reference signal as a reference signal.
3) And (5) manually scratching the sample tube, and recording monitoring data.
4) And comparing the monitoring signal with the reference signal, and performing difference analysis and defect characteristic analysis.
5) And evaluating the performance of the detection system according to the analysis result.
In the test method for the highest monitoring sensitivity and resolution of the ultrasonic guided waves at the elbow pipeline, preferably, the elbow test piece is a 90-degree bent pipe in the middle, and two straight pipes with the length of 1 meter are arranged at two sides of the elbow test piece respectively.
In the test method for the highest monitoring sensitivity and resolution of the ultrasonic guided wave at the elbow pipeline, preferably, the monitoring transducers are respectively arranged on the two straight pipe sections of the elbow test piece, and the positions of the two monitoring transducers are consistent.
In the test method for the highest monitoring sensitivity and resolution of the ultrasonic guided waves at the elbow pipeline, preferably, the defect of manual quantitative scratch is arranged at the 45-degree middle position of the 90-degree elbow of the elbow.
In the test method for the highest monitoring sensitivity and resolution of the ultrasonic guided waves at the elbow pipeline, preferably, the elbow test piece is subjected to manual engraving, the loss ratios of the formed defect cross sections are respectively increased from small to small, and a group of sampling data is acquired every time the loss ratio of the defect cross section changes.
In the test method for the highest monitoring sensitivity and resolution of the ultrasonic guided wave at the elbow pipeline, preferably, the numerical value of the loss ratio of the cross section of each manual scratch should be the same, the loss ratio of the cross section of the first scratch should be smaller than the highest monitoring sensitivity of the ultrasonic guided wave monitoring device, and the loss ratio of the cross section of each scratch should be smaller than the highest resolution of the ultrasonic guided wave monitoring device.
In the test method for the highest monitoring sensitivity and resolution of the ultrasonic guided waves at the elbow pipeline, preferably, during the differential analysis and the defect characteristic analysis, the differential analysis is performed on each acquired data and a reference signal; the difference analysis introduces a time dimension that is compared in time with the difference of a reference signal.
According to the technical scheme, the actual defects are simulated by artificially manufacturing the defects, the growth of the defects is simulated by expanding the defects, the transducer fixed on the monitored pipeline is used for carrying out regular data acquisition, and the comparison of the monitored difference and the trend analysis are completed by comparing the reference signal with the sampling signal, so that the defects of the pipeline are scanned, and the monitoring performance of the monitoring system is determined.
The magnetostrictive material has excellent practicability, such as high response speed, soft magnetism, capability of being driven under a low magnetic field, high Curie temperature and the like. And then, monitoring transducers with consistent positions are respectively arranged on the two straight pipe sections, artificial defects are arranged in the middle of the bent pipe, and cracks, blind holes or hole defects are mainly used as main setting objects so as to obtain average accurate data.
Further, this scheme monitoring facilities adopts special supersound guided wave detector, chooses for use the suitable supersound guided wave probe of central frequency and special supersound guided wave monitoring software. When the parameters are set, except the frequency, the other parameters of each frequency are set to be consistent, and finally, the ultrasonic guided wave detection transducer is arranged to acquire the reference signal of the elbow test piece sample tube. And performing difference analysis on each acquired data and the sweep frequency reference signal, introducing a time dimension into the difference analysis, and performing difference comparison on the time dimension and the reference signal so as to obtain the information of the defect characteristics.
When the monitoring signal is compared with the reference signal, the changing part is subjected to change trend analysis, the principle is that the hole defects at the elbow of the elbow test piece sample tube are in a growth changing state in time, and the characteristics of the hole defects are gradually increased along with the time. When the performance of the detection system is evaluated, the highest sensitivity and resolution of the detection system are obtained by combining the analysis results and are used as indexes for evaluating the detection performance of the system.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: monitoring an elbow test piece through ultrasonic guided waves with different frequencies and ultrasonic guided waves with set frequencies, acquiring data of an elbow on the elbow test piece in a manual quantitative scratch mode, and comparing the acquired data with reference data to quickly and effectively obtain two key parameters of the highest detection sensitivity and resolution of the ultrasonic guided waves with different frequencies at an elbow pipeline, so as to obtain the monitoring performance of the ultrasonic guided waves under the frequency; greatly reduces the time cost of the test and the processing cost of the sample piece, and has good practical value.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the present invention.
Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of an elbow test piece and transducer position arrangement of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a graph of the envelope of a signal and a graph of a reference signal at a guided wave frequency of 98Khz according to the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a graph of the difference at a guided wave frequency of 98Khz according to the present invention, in which the defect location is indicated.
FIG. 5 is a defect trend chart of the present invention with a guided wave frequency of 98Khz
In the figure: 1. and (4) an elbow test piece.
M, etching the defect setting area; B. a first transducer position; C. a second transducer position.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is further specifically described by the following embodiments and the accompanying drawings.
Referring to a specific flow chart of fig. 1, the test method for the highest monitoring sensitivity and resolution of the ultrasonic guided wave at the elbow pipeline in this embodiment monitors the elbow test piece 1 through the ultrasonic guided wave with a certain frequency, and performs manual quantitative scratch on the elbow test piece 1, thereby obtaining the monitoring performance of the ultrasonic guided wave at the frequency. The method uses artificial defects to simulate actual defects and enlarges the defects to simulate the growth of the defects. The transducer fixed on the sample tube of the elbow test piece 1 to be monitored is used for carrying out regular data acquisition, and the comparison of the monitored difference and the trend analysis are completed by comparing the reference signal and the sampling signal, so that the defects of the sample tube of the test are scanned, and the monitoring performance of the monitoring system is determined.
The embodiment specifically comprises the following steps:
1) and (4) carrying out surface treatment on the tested elbow test piece 1, and installing a monitoring transducer. The method specifically comprises the steps that a 90-degree bent pipe is arranged in the middle of an elbow test piece 1, the diameter of the bent pipe is 219mm, the wall thickness of the bent pipe is 4.5mm, the bent pipe is made of austenitic stainless steel, and straight pipes with the length of 1m are welded on two sides of the bent pipe respectively to serve as test sample pipes. The 90-degree bent pipe in the middle of the elbow test piece 1 conforms to the GB/T12459 standard, and the straight pipes with the same length on both sides conform to the GB 8162-. The 90-degree bent pipe and the straight pipe can be connected into a whole in a welding mode, and the extra height of a welding seam is subject to 0.5-1.6 mm. The width of the welding line is increased by 0.5-2.0 mm according to each side of the width of the groove, the depth of the welding line is not more than 0.5mm, and otherwise, the welding line is repaired.
In order to collect data more conveniently, two monitoring transducers are respectively arranged on two straight pipe sections of an elbow test piece 1, as shown in fig. 2, magnetostrictive strips need to be pasted according to positions, the positions of the two transducers are consistent, the defect of manual quantitative scratch is arranged on the middle position of 45 degrees of a 90-degree elbow of the elbow, and a scratch defect arrangement area M is arranged in the diagram, so that consistent detection data are obtained. The used monitoring equipment is a special ultrasonic guided wave detector, the position B of the first transducer adopts the ultrasonic guided wave probe and special ultrasonic guided wave monitoring software of the 128KHz prior art and equipment, the center frequency of the ultrasonic guided wave probe is 64KHz, and the position C of the second transducer adopts 128 KHz. Conventional recording and analysis equipment is equipped with: power amplifiers, pulse amplifiers, a/D samplers, computers, and the like.
2) And setting parameters of the detector, and acquiring a reference signal as a reference signal. When the parameters are set, the frequency is set to be 50-150KHz, the frequency step is 10KHz, and the other parameter settings of each frequency are consistent except the frequency. After arranging the ultrasonic guided wave detection transducer, acquiring reference signals of the sample tube of the elbow test piece 1, wherein each frequency is 5 groups.
3) And (4) manually engraving the sample tube of the elbow test piece 1, and recording monitoring data. In the process, the elbow test piece 1 is manually carved, and cracks, blind holes or hole defects are formed by manually carving in the machining modes of drilling, expanding, reaming, drawing, honing, linear cutting machining, laser machining, electric spark machining, plasma arc machining, electrochemical machining and the like, the loss ratios of the cross sections of the formed defects are respectively increased from small to small in sequence, and a group of sampling data is acquired when the loss ratio of the cross section of the defect changes once. The numerical value of the loss ratio of the cross section of each manual cut should be the same, the loss ratio of the cross section of the first cut should be smaller than the highest monitoring sensitivity of the ultrasonic guided wave monitoring device, and the loss ratio of the cross section of each cut should be smaller than the highest resolution of the ultrasonic guided wave monitoring device. Wherein, 0.1-0.45% of the cross section loss ratio can be used for carving hole defects with different depths by a cobalt-containing stainless steel twist drill with the diameter of 3 mm; the cross-sectional loss ratio of 0.45-0.67% can be made by making hole defects of different diameters with a drill bit of 3-4.5 mm diameter.
4) And comparing the monitoring signal with the reference signal, and performing difference analysis and defect characteristic analysis. In the step, difference analysis is carried out on each acquired data and the sweep frequency reference signal; the difference analysis introduces a time dimension, and the difference is compared with a reference signal in time, so that the information of the defect characteristics is obtained. The measured guided wave envelope signal is shown in figure 3 when the frequency is 98 KHz. The envelope signal is subtracted from the reference signal to obtain a difference map as shown in fig. 4.
Further, during the analysis of the difference and the defect characteristics, the changing trend of the changed part is further analyzed. Since the hole defects at the pipe bends are in a growth-changing state over time, their characteristics become gradually larger over time. When the frequency is 98KHz, the process of defect enlargement is summarized on the time axis to form a defect change trend graph, as shown in FIG. 5.
According to the defect change trend graph, when the monitoring frequency is 98KHz, the highest monitoring sensitivity of the detection system is 0.079%, and the highest resolution is 0.015%.
5) And evaluating the performance of the detection system according to the analysis result. And combining the analysis results in the previous steps to obtain the highest sensitivity and resolution of the detection system as indexes for evaluating the detection performance of the system.
The above embodiments are illustrative of the present invention, and are not restrictive, and it is obvious that those skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications to the embodiments of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the embodiments of the present invention, and any simple modified method, process, structure, etc. of the present invention belong to the protection scope of the present invention.