CN104006540B - Heat chemistry energy storage testing arrangement and method of testing - Google Patents
Heat chemistry energy storage testing arrangement and method of testing Download PDFInfo
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- CN104006540B CN104006540B CN201410191447.1A CN201410191447A CN104006540B CN 104006540 B CN104006540 B CN 104006540B CN 201410191447 A CN201410191447 A CN 201410191447A CN 104006540 B CN104006540 B CN 104006540B
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Abstract
The open heat chemistry energy storage testing arrangement of the present invention and method of testing, testing arrangement comprises solar thermal collector, hot tank, energy storage reactor, exoenergic reaction device, cold storage tank, condenser, evaporimeter, circulating pump and thermostat.The outlet of solar thermal collector connects the import of hot tank, and the heat-transfer fluid of high temperature flows into energy storage reactor from hot tank outlet at bottom pipe, enters the CaO/Ca (OH) of stainless (steel) wire cylinder parcel
2heat exchange coil in particle layers, heat exchange coil outlet connects cold storage tank, and circulating pump is positioned between the outlet of cold storage tank and the inlet tube of solar thermal collector.This device can effectively utilize the energy storage of Driven by Solar Energy heat chemistry to react, and realizes the storage of solar thermal energy and the release of chemical energy, and to the storage of energy/release speed to test.It is high that the present invention has energy storage density, and energy figure is high, and test operation is easy, and cost is low and catabolite stores easy advantage.
Description
Technical field
Chemical energy storage technical field of the present invention, is specifically related to one and makes full use of Driven by Solar Energy (Ca (OH)
2(s) CaO (s)+H
2o (g)) the heat chemistry energy storage testing arrangement of thermal chemical reaction and method of testing.
Background technology
Along with the develop rapidly of society, limited fossil fuel seems deficienter, can not meet the demand of development of modern industry, and the environmental problem produced of burning also becomes increasingly conspicuous.The new direction of energy resource structure reform mainly taps a new source of energy and adopts new technique to improve the utilization rate of fuel.Solar electrical energy generation due to have expense low, originate wide, free from environmental pollution and do not need the advantages such as long-distance sand transport and become the alternative energy source of ideals of human being.Devoting Major Efforts To Developing utilizes solar energy, effectively will alleviate the problem of energy scarcity, and changes the irrational energy resource structure of China, makes energy supply variation.But, because solar energy has intermittence, low-density and unstability, is difficult to continue the shortcoming of supply, utilizing solar energy to carry out heat generating still has many problems to need to solve at present, wherein how to realize solar energy highly effective, store on a large scale, ensure that solar energy one day 24h sustainable supply is the key of solar energy thermal-power-generating technology.In solar energy thermal-power-generating, the effect of high-temperature heat-storage regulates load, reduction place capacity and cost of investment, improves solar energy resources utilization ratio and equipment availability further, improves reliability and the economy of heat and power system.At present, main thermal energy storage mode comprises sensible heat energy storage, hidden heat energy storage and heat chemistry energy storage.Needing when selecting energy storage mode to consider several factors, mainly comprising storage time, economy, energy storage density, heat loss, energy supply temperature etc.
Sensible heat heat accumulation refers to that the temperature by changing energy-accumulating medium carrys out energy storage.Energy storage material can select water, rock, soil etc., and method is simple, cost is low, but its energy storage density is little and exothermic temperature is non-constant, and required energy-storage system huge structure.Hidden heat energy storage is also known as phase-change accumulation energy, and if water is by thermal evaporation, solid paraffin is heated and melts, and it is the study hotspot of the world today.The energy storage density comparatively high order of magnitude of sensible heat of hidden heat energy storage, and exothermic temperature is constant, but its heat-storage medium generally has, and thermal conductivity factor is less, the easy aging and excessively cold shortcoming such as to be separated.Sensible heat energy storage and hidden heat energy storage all have the excessive deficiency of heat loss under high temperature, can not long term storage high temperature heat.
In fact chemical energy storage is exactly when utilizing energy storage material to contact, chemical reaction occur and discharged by the chemical energy of storage.As C+ heat A+B, energy storage material C absorbs energy and changes into A and B and store separately in this reaction.When needs energy supply, fully being contacted by A with B reacts generates C, also completes the dispose procedure of energy simultaneously.General, heat chemistry thermal energy storage process can be divided into three steps: heat accumulation, storage and Thermal release process.
Contrast other heat accumulation modes, heat chemistry energy storage has following advantage: (1) heat chemistry energy storage method can realize at room temperature storing without heat waste for a long time; (2) energy storage density is high, is equivalent to sensible heat heat accumulation and latent heat heat accumulation 10 times and 5 times respectively; (3) long-distance transportation is applicable to.These characteristics are the efficient conversion of solar energy, storage and transmission provide a kind of method having prospect, and the continuous supply of solar energy one day 24h can be realized, be specially adapted to power plant's peak load regulate, and discharge heat energy when spike generates electricity, pushing turbine generates electricity.Studied more than 70 kind of thermal chemical reaction at present, but very desirable reaction system is also few.Typical heat chemistry energy storage system with or without the thermal decomposition of machine hydroxide, mainly Ca (OH)
2/ CaO+H
2o, Mg (OH)
2/ MgO+H
2o, also has NH in addition
3decomposition, carbonate compound decomposition, sulphate decomposition, methane-carbon dioxide catalytic reforming, ammonium salt thermal decomposition, organic hydrogenation and dehydrogenation reaction etc., wherein Ca (OH)
2/ CaO system and NH
3decomposition be many energy storage reactions of research, be also the most promising application energy storage system.Select will consider following factor during chemical energy storage material: (1) reaction temperature is suitable; (2) reaction heat effect is large; (3) reaction does not produce side reaction, safety, has extended cycle life; (4) energy storage material is cheap, nontoxic, corrosion-free; (5) during reaction, the Volume Changes of material is little; (6) reversible chemical reaction speed is wanted suitably, so that stored energy and release; (7) operation is ripe, and reaction condition requires not harsh.
The current Energy restructuring strategy of the problem of environmental pollution that brings with combustion of fossil fuels and China that is becoming tight worldwide energy day is that the application of heat chemistry energy storage brings very large opportunity, the unique advantage that heat chemistry energy storage has due to self, is with a wide range of applications in the field such as recycling of extensive m. gigawatt (GW) level power peak regulation, solar thermal power generation, industry and civilian used heat and waste heat.
Heat chemistry energy storage is a kind of high density, high-octane energy storage mode, its energy storage density comparatively sensible heat and latent heat high, and this kind of energy storage system is very easily stored for chronic energy by catalyst or product separation method, but the one-time investment existed when practicality is large, technical sophistication and the shortcoming such as whole efficiency is low.The generating of current heat chemistry energy storage type solar heat is still in the lab scale stage, also do not build up extensive thermo-power station, want to allow heat chemistry energy storage really become the practical technique promoted the well-being of mankind, also must resolve following problem: the selection of (1) energy storage material, subsidiary reaction controlling, the invertibity of reaction, catalyst life; (2) design of reactor, heat exchanger, the characteristic of various chemical bed body, the thermal conductivity of the medium such as gas, solid; (3) description of circulation is run, optimum cycle efficiency; (4) technology and economic analysis, the research of investment/income, load request etc.; (5) energy storage material corrosivity, economy.
Summary of the invention
The present invention be directed to the technical problem existed in the practical application of solar heat chemical energy storage, provide heat chemistry energy storage testing arrangement and method of testing, solar energy is changed into chemical energy and store and can discharge in time when needed, concrete scheme is as follows.
Heat chemistry energy storage testing arrangement, it comprises: solar thermal collector, temperature controller TC, temperature survey transmitter TT, hot tank, energy storage reactor, heat exchange coil, Pressure gauge, thermocouple thermometer, condenser, heat exchanger, resistance heater, cold storage tank and circulating pump; Wherein temperature survey transmitter TT is for measuring the temperature of solar thermal collector outlet fluid, the aperture of temperature controller TC first valve V1 on the entrance pipe controlling solar thermal collector, temperature controller TC and temperature survey transmitter TT forms thermostat; The outlet of solar thermal collector connects the import of hot tank, and hot fluid enters the heat exchange coil of energy storage inside reactor through hot tank outlet at bottom pipe; Be provided with the first thermocouple thermometer in energy storage reactor, energy storage reactor head steam outlet pipe is connected to condenser, is provided with level sensing meter, resistance heater, the second electric thermo-couple temperature take into account heat exchanger in condenser; Exoenergic reaction device outlet connects cold storage tank, and circulating pump is arranged between the inlet ductwork of cold outlet pipe and solar thermal collector.
Further optimization, described energy storage inside reactor is wrapped in CaO/Ca (OH)
2the stainless (steel) wire cylinder of particle layers, heat exchange coil is positioned at CaO/Ca (OH)
2the center of particle layers, CaO/Ca (OH)
28 described first thermocouple thermometers are provided with in particle layers; Described energy storage reactor is at CaO/Ca (OH)
2be used as exoenergic reaction device again in the process of particle layers generation hydration reaction, the Inner Constitution of exoenergic reaction device is with described energy storage reactor, and energy storage reactor and exoenergic reaction device outer wrap have heat insulation layer.
Further optimization, solar thermal collector is made up of glass sleeve, stainless steel outer wall, heat insulation layer and heat absorption coil pipe, heat absorption coil pipe is arranged in the inside of glass sleeve, and heat absorption coil pipe outer wall scribbles selective coating, and the stainless steel outer wall of glass sleeve is wrapped in heat insulation layer.
In order to overcome the unstability of solar radiation, being provided with automatic temp controller in the outlet of solar thermal collector, being made up of temperature controller TC and temperature survey transmitter TT; Wherein temperature survey transmitter TT measures the temperature of solar thermal collector outlet fluid, on the entrance pipe of temperature controller TC control solar thermal collector, the aperture of the first valve V1, is in steady state by the temperature regulating the flow rate of stream stock 1 to control solar thermal collector outlet fluid.
Further optimization, the stainless (steel) wire cylinder of energy storage inside reactor is divided into four parts in 90 degree of layouts between two by four copper fins, and each part is spaced set 3 pieces of corrosion resistant plates from top to bottom, whole stainless (steel) wire cylinder is divided into 4 × 4 i.e. 16 zonules; Described first thermocouple thermometer has 8, is distributed in CaO/Ca (OH)
2inside, 8 zonules relative in particle layers.
Further optimization, be provided with resistance heater bottom condenser, therefore condenser is again as evaporimeter; Resistance heater is positioned at the bottom of condenser, second thermocouple thermometer is for measuring the temperature of condenser internal condensation water or evaporimeter internal water steam, the outer wrap of described condenser and evaporimeter has heat insulation layer, and cold water can flow into evaporimeter by the 5th valve being positioned at base of evaporator through inlet tube.
Further optimization, heat exchange coil outlet cold fluid is flowed in cold storage tank by the 7th valve.
The energy storage method of testing of above-mentioned heat chemistry energy storage testing arrangement is specifically: hot water flows into energy storage reactor from hot tank outlet at bottom pipe, and transfers heat to CaO/Ca (OH)
2particle layers, drives thermal chemical reaction (Ca (OH)
2(s) CaO (s)+H
2o (g)) occur, the chemical energy that the solar energy of absorption is converted into CaO and steam stores, and steam forms aqueous water through condenser condenses and CaO separately stores automatically; When steam enters into exoenergic reaction device again, and there is hydration reaction when CaO contacts and release a large amount of heat, realizing the dispose procedure of chemical energy; CaO/Ca (OH)
2thermocouple thermometer in particle layers demonstrates diverse location place temperature in bed, records the temperature in each moment, and obtaining energy storage according to HRR and release can speed.
Hot fluid enters hot tank temporary from solar thermal collector outlet, then flow in the heat exchange coil stored up in reactor by hot tank outlet at bottom pipe through the second valve V2, the cold fluid after heat exchange flows into cold storage tank temporary from energy storage reactor bottom outlet through the 7th valve V7.Circulating pump is positioned between the outlet of cold storage tank and the inlet ductwork of solar thermal collector, is used for realizing the circulation of heat accumulation, heat release process heat exchanging fluid.
Energy storage reactor right hand top outlet is connected to condenser, and energy storage reactor bottom outlet connects the import of cold storage tank through the 7th valve V7.When there is exothermic reaction, the heat-transfer fluid of low temperature can flow into heat exchange coil inside by exoenergic reaction device bottom inlet Guan Jing six valve V6, and the high temperature heat transfer fluid after heat exchange is flowed out by top exit pipe through the 3rd valve V3 again.
Compared with prior art, tool has the following advantages in the present invention:
Solar energy can be made full use of to drive chemical reaction (Ca (OH)
2(s) CaO (s)+H
2the generation of O (g), and Ca (OH) in thermal energy storage process
2the steam discharged can pass through stainless steel mesh and enters in energy storage reactor, enters into condenser be condensed into aqueous water along energy storage reactor head steam outlet pipe, achieves the separately storage automatically of steam and solid CaO.When needs energy supply, extraneous waste heat can be utilized to carry out heating liquid water by the resistance heater of condensed water heat exchange or heater base in heat exchanger and condenser and to generate steam.Steam enters into exoenergic reaction device and again contacts with solid CaO and react, and the large calorimetric that reaction is released is by CaO/Ca (OH)
2the heat exchange coil of particle layers center is collected.Due to CaO/Ca (OH)
2particle layers also exists the defect importing hot property difference, therefore by whole CaO/Ca (OH)
2particle layers 4 copper fins and three pieces of corrosion resistant plates are divided into 16 zonules.Solar thermal collector export pipeline installing thermostat, having controlled solar thermal collector exit fluid temperature by regulating cold outlet fluid flow rate.This device effectively can realize solar energy to chemical transformation of energy, and is solid, solid/liquid/gas reactions, and storage and the transport of energy-accumulating medium are simple, has easy control, energy utilization efficiency is high, energy storage density is high advantage.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is heat chemistry energy storage device overall schematic.
Fig. 2 is the cut-away view of energy storage reactor.
Fig. 3 is CaO/Ca (OH)
2thermocouple thermometer layout drawing in particle layers.
Fig. 4 is solar thermal collector front view.
Fig. 5 is solar thermal collector side view.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, structure of the present invention and specific works process are described in detail, but enforcement of the present invention and protection are not limited thereto.
As Fig. 1, heat chemistry energy storage testing arrangement, comprises solar thermal collector 1, first valve V12, temperature controller TC3, temperature survey transmitter TT4, hot tank 5, energy storage reactor 6, heat exchange coil 7, Pressure gauge 11, exoenergic reaction device 13, first thermocouple thermometer 15, condenser 17, evaporimeter 20, heat exchanger 21, resistance heater 22, cold storage tank 23, circulating pump 24.As shown in Figure 4, Figure 5, solar thermal collector 1 forms primarily of glass sleeve 25 and the good heat absorption coil pipe 28 of heat conductivility.Solar thermal collector 1 exports hot fluid and flows into hot tank 5 and keep in, hot fluid by hot tank 5 outlet in the heat exchange coil 7 that the second valve V2 enters energy storage reactor 6 inside.Automatic temp controller is made up of temperature controller TC3 and temperature survey transmitter TT4, the aperture of the first valve V1 on the entrance pipe that temperature controller TC3 can control solar thermal collector, controls solar thermal collector exit fluid temperature by regulating the flow rate of stream stock 1 and is in steady state.
Energy storage reactor 6 top is provided with Pressure gauge 11.As shown in Figure 2, energy storage reactor 6 inside is enclosed with CaO/Ca (OH)
2stainless (steel) wire cylinder 12, four copper fins 8 of particle layers 9 are adjacent is between two that stainless (steel) wire cylinder 12 is divided into four parts by 90 degree of layouts, and each part is spaced set 3 pieces of corrosion resistant plates 10 from top to bottom, as shown in Figure 3, and whole CaO/Ca (OH)
2particle layers is divided into 4 × 4 i.e. 16 zonules.Heat exchange coil 7 is positioned at CaO/Ca (OH)
2the center of particle layers 9, cold fluid is flowed in cold storage tank 23 by the 7th valve V7 through heat exchange coil.8 the first thermocouple thermometers 15 are arranged in CaO/Ca (OH)
2be in particle layers in 8 zonules of vertical angles position.Circulating pump 24 is positioned between cold storage tank 23 export pipeline and solar thermal collector 1 inlet ductwork.Energy storage reactor 6 overhead vapor outlet is connected to condenser 17, is provided with liquid level sensor 16, heat exchanger 21 and the second thermocouple thermometer 18, is provided with resistance heater 22 in evaporimeter 20 in condenser 17.
Energy storage reactor 6 top connects steam (vapor) outlet pipeline, open the 4th valve V4, steam is condensed into aqueous water after entering into condenser 17 and stores, the pressure gauge on its top can monitor the pressure in container at any time, and the second thermocouple thermometer 18 that bottom is installed can monitor out the temperature of steam in condensate water in condenser 17 or evaporimeter 20.Can be read the liquid level change in condenser 17 or heater 20 by liquid level sensor 16, base of evaporator is provided with resistance heater 22, and cold water also can be added in evaporimeter 20 by the 5th valve V5.
The concrete occupation mode of this device is: solar thermal energy storage process: flow in the good hot tank 5 of heat-insulating property through solar thermal collector outlet conduit after the heat-transfer fluid of low temperature is heated and store, the Pressure gauge at top can demonstrate the pressure in hot tank.Open the second valve V2 on hot tank outlet at bottom pipeline, hot fluid flows into CaO/Ca (OH) in energy storage reactor 6
2the heat exchange coil 7 of particle layers center, transfers heat to CaO/Ca (OH)
2particle layers, Ca (OH)
2decomposes generates CaO and steam, realizes solar energy and stores with the chemical energy of CaO and steam.According to CaO/Ca (OH)
2the reading of the first thermocouple thermometer 15 and Ca (OH) in particle layers
2the temperature (510 DEG C) of thermal decomposition can infer whether decomposition reaction occurs, and namely whether thermal energy storage process occurs, and can calculate energy storage speed according to thermocouple thermometer reading change speed.Open the 7th valve V7, keep the 6th valve V6 to close, the heat-transfer fluid of low temperature flows in cold storage tank 23 and stores, and cold fluid is pumped into the heat accumulation circulation that namely solar thermal collector 1 starts next round by circulating pump 24 again.Automatically regulated the aperture of the first valve V1 according to the reading of temperature survey transmitter by temperature controller, keep solar thermal collector exit fluid temperature to keep constant.
The storage of energy-accumulating medium and separation process: the steam that course of reaction generates flows out through the steam (vapor) outlet pipeline of stainless steel mesh 12 along energy storage reactor head.Open the 4th valve V4 steam to flow into condensation in condenser 17 through energy storage reactor head steam outlet pipe and become aqueous water, automatically realize and the separately storage of solid CaO, pressure in condenser and liquid level can be demonstrated by Pressure gauge and liquid level sensor.
The Thermal release process of chemical energy: extraneous waste heat can be utilized to produce steam by the condensed water heat exchange in heat exchanger 21 and condenser, the resistance heater 22 in evaporimeter 20 also can be utilized to generate steam.Open the 4th valve V4, steam enters into exoenergic reaction device 13 along pipeline, and reacting through stainless (steel) wire cylinder 12 and inner CaO generates Ca (OH)
2release a large amount of heat simultaneously, keep the second valve V2 and the 7th valve V7 to close simultaneously, allow cold fluid flow into the heat exchange coil 7 in exoenergic reaction device through the 6th valve V6, the hot fluid after heat exchange flows out for use through the 3rd valve V3, thus realizes the release of chemical energy.As CaO/Ca (OH)
2when the reading of thermocouple thermometer starts to continue to rise in particle layers, represent that chemical energy Thermal release process there occurs, can HRR be calculated according to the speed that bed temperature rises.
Claims (4)
1. heat chemistry energy storage testing arrangement, it is characterized in that, comprising: solar thermal collector (1), temperature controller TC (3), temperature survey transmitter TT (4), hot tank (5), energy storage reactor (6), heat exchange coil (7), Pressure gauge (11), the first thermocouple thermometer (15), condenser (17), heat exchanger (21), resistance heater (22), cold storage tank (23) and circulating pump (24); Wherein temperature survey transmitter TT (4) is for measuring the temperature of solar thermal collector (1) outlet fluid, the aperture of temperature controller TC (3) first valve V1 (2) on the entrance pipe controlling solar thermal collector (1), temperature controller TC (3) and temperature survey transmitter TT (4) forms thermostat; The outlet of solar thermal collector (1) connects the import of hot tank (5), and hot fluid enters the inner heat exchange coil (7) of energy storage reactor (6) through hot tank (5) outlet at bottom pipe; The first thermocouple thermometer (15) is provided with in energy storage reactor (6), energy storage reactor (6) overhead vapor outlet is connected to condenser (17), is provided with level sensing meter (16), resistance heater (22), the second thermocouple thermometer (18) and heat exchanger (21) in condenser (17); Exoenergic reaction device (13) outlet connects cold storage tank (23), and circulating pump (24) is arranged between the inlet ductwork of cold storage tank (23) outlet and solar thermal collector (1);
Described energy storage reactor (6) inside is wrapped in CaO/Ca (OH)
2the stainless (steel) wire cylinder (11) of particle layers (9), heat exchange coil (7) is positioned at CaO/Ca (OH)
2the center of particle layers (9), CaO/Ca (OH)
28 described first thermocouple thermometers (15) are provided with in particle layers (9); Described energy storage reactor (6) is at CaO/Ca (OH)
2particle layers (9) occurs to be used as exoenergic reaction device (13) again in the process of hydration reaction, the Inner Constitution of exoenergic reaction device (13) is with described energy storage reactor (6), and energy storage reactor (6) and exoenergic reaction device (13) outer wrap have heat insulation layer (14);
Condenser (17) bottom is provided with resistance heater, therefore condenser (17) is again as evaporimeter (20); Resistance heater (22) is positioned at the bottom of condenser (17), second thermocouple thermometer (18) is for measuring the temperature of condenser (17) internal condensation water or evaporimeter (20) internal water steam, the outer wrap of described condenser (17) and evaporimeter (20) has heat insulation layer (19), and cold water can flow into evaporimeter (20) by the 5th valve (V5) being positioned at evaporimeter (20) bottom through inlet tube.
2. heat chemistry energy storage testing arrangement according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, solar thermal collector (1) is made up of glass sleeve (25), stainless steel outer wall (26), heat insulation layer (27) and heat absorption coil pipe (28), heat absorption coil pipe (28) is arranged in the inside of glass sleeve (25), heat absorption coil pipe (28) outer wall scribbles selective coating, and the stainless steel outer wall (26) of glass sleeve is wrapped in heat insulation layer (27).
3. heat chemistry energy storage testing arrangement according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that, the stainless (steel) wire cylinder (11) of energy storage reactor (6) inside is divided into four parts in 90 degree of layouts between two by four copper fins (8), each part is spaced set 3 pieces of corrosion resistant plates (10) from top to bottom, whole stainless (steel) wire cylinder (11) are divided into 4 × 4 i.e. 16 zonules; Described first thermocouple thermometer (15) has 8, is distributed in CaO/Ca (OH)
2the inside, 8 zonules of vertical angles is become in particle layers (9).
4. utilize the energy storage method of testing of the heat chemistry energy storage testing arrangement described in claim 1, it is characterized in that: hot water flows into energy storage reactor (6) from hot tank outlet at bottom pipe, and transfers heat to CaO/Ca (OH)
2particle layers (9), drives thermal chemical reaction (Ca (OH)
2(s) CaO (s)+H
2o (g)) occur, the chemical energy that the solar energy of absorption is converted into CaO and steam stores, and steam forms aqueous water through condenser (17) condensation and CaO separately stores automatically; When steam enters into exoenergic reaction device (13) again, and there is hydration reaction when CaO contacts and release a large amount of heat, realizing the dispose procedure of chemical energy; CaO/Ca (OH)
2thermocouple thermometer (15) in particle layers demonstrates diverse location place temperature in bed, records the temperature in each moment, and obtaining energy storage according to HRR and release can speed.
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| CN102801367A (en) * | 2012-08-21 | 2012-11-28 | 范志平 | Solar electric power generation device |
| CN203824109U (en) * | 2014-05-07 | 2014-09-10 | 华南理工大学 | Thermochemical energy storage testing device |
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