CN104001714A - Method for retarding leaching loss of nutrients of polluted soil in leaching process - Google Patents
Method for retarding leaching loss of nutrients of polluted soil in leaching process Download PDFInfo
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- CN104001714A CN104001714A CN201410221965.3A CN201410221965A CN104001714A CN 104001714 A CN104001714 A CN 104001714A CN 201410221965 A CN201410221965 A CN 201410221965A CN 104001714 A CN104001714 A CN 104001714A
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for retarding the leaching loss of nutrients of polluted soil in a leaching process. The method comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing a cellulose base anion adsorbent and polluted yellow earth and filling a mixture into a leaching column; distributing 10-12 small stones in an earth layer; fixing the bottom of the leaching column by using a nylon sieve net; leaching the yellow earth in the leaching column by taking ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid as a leaching liquid; and collecting the leaching liquid at the lower end of the leaching column. According to the method for retarding the leaching loss of the nutrients of the polluted soil in the leaching process, the cellulose base anion adsorbent is added into the yellow earth before leaching and then the ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid is used as the leaching liquid to leach; the cellulose base anion adsorbent has a good bonding and fixing effect on anions with negative charges; under the precondition of not influencing the leaching effect of lead and cadmium (cations), the leaching loss of N elements (nitrates, anions) and P elements (phosphate radicals, anions) is retarded.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of alleviative method of Soil Nutrient Leaching, be specifically related to a kind of method that slows down contaminated soil lessivation leaching loss of nutrient.
Background technology
Pedosphere is the basic interface that the mankind depend on for existence, is one of ecosystem material recycle and the most active ring layer of energy flow.Along with economical and social development, soil pollution situation is more severe.According to conservative estimation, China approximately has the arable land of 1/6 left and right to be subject to the severe contamination of heavy metal at present, and wherein the arable land in 14 provinces (autonomous region or municipality directly under the Central Government) has become heavy metal pollution hotspots.Plumbous and cadmium has become in China's soil distribution area the most extensively and the heavy metal pollutant of toxicity maximum.
The contaminated soil recovery technique of main flow comprises soil moved in to improve the original method, chemical leaching method, electric repairing method, phytoremediation etc. at present, and the aspects such as wherein comparatively maturation of chemical leaching method, and treatment cost, repairing efficiency, pollution risk are relatively more easily accepted.But one of unavoidable problem of Soil leaching process is exactly synchronous leaching loss or the change of properties of soil constitution, and then changes the physics and chemistry attribute of soil system or cause the thorough forfeiture of soil ecology function.This problem has caused the extensive concern of Chinese scholars.
For the technological means of controlling Soil Nutrient Leaching, mainly concentrate on following two aspects.The first, fix by add the sticking that allogene reaches soil nutrient in soil.Such as, Liu Shijie finds, in basin alms bowl system plantation corn process, to add black wood charcoal and can reduce NH
4 +, K
+, Ca
2+leaching loss of nutrient; Hodgkinson etc. think that organic fostering and apply fertilizer is conducive to reduce the leaching loss of nutrient that Preferential Flow in Soil causes, and leaching loss speed and the leaching loss total amount fall of various nutrients are obvious; Tao Bao Easthome cross barrel plant experiment discussion stalk concentrate and bury the also impact of field on Wheat Growing Soils N, P leaching loss, realized the re-set target that reduces N, P leaching loss.The second, improve traditional irrigation and fertilizer practice and improve the utilization rate of soil nutrient, objectively reduce its leaching loss.Such as, Chen etc. utilize micropore drip irrigation technique to substitute traditional sprinkling irrigation and flood irrigation method, have effectively controlled soil nutrient leaching speed; Hou Xiaolin attempts to utilize controlled-release compound fertilizer to imitate the leaching rate of releasable chronicity reduction nutrient, has obtained gratifying experimental result; He Chuanlong adopts and improves decrement fertilizer practice, in ensureing crop yield, has improved the utilization rate of soil N, P, and the new approaches of a kind of N of minimizing, P leaching loss of nutrient are provided.As can be seen here, correlative study is paid close attention under arable farming or simulation irrigation condition more, reduces the method for soil N, P leaching loss of nutrient.For heavy-metal contaminated soil lessivation, can obtain higher heavy metal washout rate, reduce Soil Nutrient Leaching amount simultaneously as far as possible, relate to seldom, meanwhile, slightly inadequate for the correlative study of type area.
Soil constitution comprises four kinds of components of three-phase material such as mineral matter (quartz, calcite, illite, montmorillonite etc.), organic (humus, plant and animal residues, biological excreta and secretion etc.), the soil liquid and soil air, in heavy-metal contaminated soil chemical leaching process, very easily the component of leaching loss comprises heavy metal ion and active larger soil nutrient (mainly referring to N element and P element).Under natural endowment, N element and P element in soil mainly exist with the form of nitrate anion and phosphate radical, with negative electrical charge, have the attribute with the preferential combination of positively charged component; And lead ion and cadmium ion multi-band have positive charge, there is strong electron-withdrawing power.The electric charge attribute that two class materials have is completely different, therefore, can utilize the charge differences of soil nutrient (nitrate anion, phosphate radical) and heavy metal ion (plumbous, cadmium), both reach effective drip washing of lead ion and cadmium ion, slowed down the leaching loss of nitrate anion and phosphate radical simultaneously.Relate to seldom for the leaching loss of nutrient how slowing down or control contaminated soil chemical leaching repair process, have not yet to see report.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide a kind of method that slows down contaminated soil lessivation leaching loss of nutrient, do not affecting under the prerequisite of plumbous and cadmium (cation) drip washing effect, slow down N element (nitrate anion, anion) and the leaching loss of P element (phosphate radical, anion).
The technical solution adopted in the present invention is, a kind of method that slows down contaminated soil lessivation leaching loss of nutrient, after being mixed, cellulose base anion adsorbent and Contaminated Loess insert in drip washing post, the particle diameter that distributes in soil layer is 10～12 of the handstones of 1.2～1.8cm, drip washing column bottom is fixed with nylon screen, taking ethylenediamine tetra-acetic acid (EDTA) as leacheate, the loess in drip washing post is carried out to drip washing, collect leacheate in drip washing post lower end.
Feature of the present invention is also,
The preparation method of cellulose base anion adsorbent is:
Step 1, shatters to 10g that in stalk, to add concentration be the KOH solution 100mL of 1mol/L, under ultrasonic auxiliary stirring condition, reacts,
Step 2, the product that step 1 is obtained adds the NaClO of 0.1mol/L after filtering, wash, being dried
2the glacial acetic acid 100mL of solution 40mL and 0.1mol/L, reacts under ultrasonic auxiliary stirring condition, and product, through washing, dry, obtains stalk cellulose;
Step 3, stalk cellulose 1g, epoxychloropropane 50mL and N that step 2 is obtained, dinethylformamide 100mL reacts 1～4h after mixing under ultrasonic auxiliary stirring condition, then add 20mL pyridine to continue reaction 1～4h, add again 40mL diethylamine solution to continue reaction 1～4h, product, through washing, dry, obtains cellulose base anion adsorbent.
In step 1, stalk is maize straw and the wheat stalk mixture of 1:1 composition in mass ratio.
Ultrasonic power 25～100W in step 1,25～100 DEG C of reaction temperatures, reaction time 1～4h, stir speed (S.S.) 60～120r/min.
Ultrasonic power 25～100W in step 2,25～100 DEG C of reaction temperatures, reaction time 1～4h, stir speed (S.S.) 60～120r/min.
Ultrasonic power 25～100W in step 3,25～100 DEG C of reaction temperatures, stir speed (S.S.) 60～120r/min.
Cellulose base anion adsorbent and loess mass ratio 1:10～40.
Concentration 0.01～the 0.2mol/L of ethylenediamine tetra-acetic acid.
Leacheate flow velocity 20～80mL/min, pH value 5～8,15～45 DEG C of drip washing temperature, drip washing time 1～4h.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows, the present invention is a kind of method that slows down contaminated soil lessivation leaching loss of nutrient, by before drip washing, in loess, add cellulose base anion adsorbent, then carry out drip washing taking ethylenediamine tetra-acetic acid as leacheate, cellulose base anion adsorbent is to having preferably in conjunction with fixation with the anion of negative electrical charge, it is not affecting under the prerequisite of plumbous and cadmium (cation) drip washing effect, slow down N element (nitrate anion, anion) and the leaching loss of P element (phosphate radical, anion).
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with detailed description of the invention, the present invention is described in detail.
The present invention is a kind of method that slows down contaminated soil lessivation leaching loss of nutrient, specifically implements according to following steps:
Step 1, shatter to 10g that in stalk (stalk is maize straw and the wheat stalk mixture of 1:1 composition in mass ratio), to add concentration be the KOH solution 100mL of 1mol/L, under ultrasonic auxiliary stirring condition, react 1～4h, ultrasonic power 25～100W, 25～100 DEG C of reaction temperatures, stir speed (S.S.) 60～120r/min;
Step 2, the product that step 1 is obtained adds the NaClO of 0.1mol/L after filtering, wash, being dried
2the glacial acetic acid 100mL of solution 40mL and 0.1mol/L, reacts 1～4h under ultrasonic auxiliary stirring condition, ultrasonic power 25～100W, and 25～100 DEG C of reaction temperatures, stir speed (S.S.) 60～120r/min, product, through washing, dry, obtains stalk cellulose;
Step 3, stalk cellulose 1g, epoxychloropropane 50mL and N that step 2 is obtained, dinethylformamide 100mL reacts 1～4h after mixing under ultrasonic auxiliary stirring condition, then add 20mL pyridine to continue reaction 1～4h, then add 40mL diethylamine solution to continue reaction 1～4h, ultrasonic power 25～100W, 25～100 DEG C of reaction temperatures, stir speed (S.S.) 60～120r/min, product, through washing, dry, obtains cellulose base anion adsorbent;
Step 4, the cellulose base anion adsorbent that step 3 is obtained and Contaminated Loess in mass ratio 1:10～40 are inserted after mixing in drip washing post, the particle diameter that distributes in soil layer is 10～12 of the handstones of 1.2～1.8cm, drip washing column bottom is fixed with nylon screen, taking the ethylenediamine tetra-acetic acid (EDTA) of concentration 0.01～0.2mol/L as leacheate, the loess in drip washing post is carried out to drip washing, leacheate flow velocity 20～80mL/min, pH value 5～8,15～45 DEG C of drip washing temperature, drip washing time 1～4h, collects leacheate in drip washing post lower end.
A kind of square ratio juris that slows down contaminated soil lessivation leaching loss of nutrient of the present invention is:
In heavy-metal contaminated soil chemical leaching process, very easily the component of leaching loss, except heavy metal ion, also comprises active larger soil nutrient (mainly referring to N element and P element).Under natural endowment, N element and P element in soil mainly exist with the form of nitrate anion and phosphate radical, with negative electrical charge, and can the preferential combination with positively charged component; And lead ion and cadmium ion multi-band have positive charge, there is strong electron-withdrawing power.The electric charge attribute that two class materials have is completely different, therefore, can utilize the charge differences of soil nutrient (nitrate anion, phosphate radical) and heavy metal ion (plumbous, cadmium), both reach effective drip washing of lead ion and cadmium ion, slowed down the leaching loss of nitrate anion and phosphate radical simultaneously.
The synthetic cellulose base anion adsorbent of the present invention is taking crop material as initial feed, the H in stalk cellulose molecule-OH
+interact with a pair of lone pair electrons of N atom on catalyst pyridine ring, generation-CH
2o-ion and chain extender epoxychloropropane molecule generation nucleophilic displacement of fluorine, and then the outer ehter bond of the ring of generation epoxide ring; Under heating condition, further carry out nucleophilic addition with the active group dimethylamine of non-proton type polar solvent DMF, make the open loop of ternary epoxide ring and introduce tertiary amine group, complete the preparation of cellulose base anion adsorbent.
One of difference of anion adsorbent and cation adsorbent is the absorbed species of target contaminant different with adsorption capacity, and the former is to having with the anion of negative electrical charge preferably in conjunction with fixation, and the latter has stronger sorptive power for cation.Anion adsorbent is not affecting under the prerequisite of plumbous and cadmium (cation) drip washing effect, slows down the leaching loss of N element (nitrate anion, anion) and P element (phosphate radical, anion).
Research is found, by the preparation condition of regulation and control cellulose base anion adsorbent and the operating condition of lessivation, can effectively slow down the leaching loss of nutrient of loess lead and cadmium lessivation, can reduce respectively 86.64% and 90.13% to the leaching loss percentage of nitrate anion and phosphate radical is the highest, simultaneously very little on the washout rate impact of plumbous and cadmium.
The present invention is a kind of method that slows down contaminated soil lessivation leaching loss of nutrient, ecological, environmental protective, universality are strong, easy and simple to handle, with low cost, can effectively slow down the Soil Nutrient Leaching of heavy metal pollution lessivation, the potential possibility simultaneously with fertilizer conservation water conservation, has certain actual application value.
The particle diameter that distributes in soil layer is the handstone of 1.2～1.8cm, plays the effect that skeleton supports: because loess viscosity is larger, if it is directly filled to post drip washing, and a large amount of ponding of soil layer surface meeting, infiltration rate rate is slower under water, cannot reach effective drip washing of soil; Meanwhile, along with the carrying out of lessivation, soil layer can compress accumulation voluntarily, and unit weight increases, and cannot complete lessivation.
Handstone surface is very smooth, and particle diameter is little, substantially can not produce suction-operated to soil constitution and heavy metal, disturbs less; The soil layer that meanwhile, also can effectively slow down lessivation is piled up.Experiment showed, that adding handstone has contributed to lessivation.
Embodiment 1
Step 1, adding mass concentration to 10g crushed straw (maize straw and wheat stalk mass ratio 1:1) is the KOH solution 100mL of 1mol/L, under ultrasonic auxiliary stirring condition, reacts, wherein ultrasonic power 100W, 50 DEG C of reaction temperatures, reaction time 4h, stir speed (S.S.) 120r/min;
Step 2, after the product that step 1 is obtained filters, washes, is dried, adds the NaClO of 0.1mol/L
2the glacial acetic acid 100mL of solution 40mL and 0.1mol/L, reacts under ultrasonic auxiliary stirring condition, wherein ultrasonic power 100W, and 75 DEG C of reaction temperatures, reaction time 4h, stir speed (S.S.) 120r/min, product, after washing, being dried, obtains stalk cellulose;
Step 3, at ultrasonic power 100W, 100 DEG C of reaction temperatures, under stir speed (S.S.) 120r/min condition, stalk cellulose 1g, epoxychloropropane 50mL and DMF 100mL are mixed to rear reaction 2h, then add 20mL pyridine to continue to add 40mL diethylamine solution to continue to react 2h after reaction 2h, product, after washing, being dried, obtains cellulose base anion adsorbent;
Step 4, plumbous and cadmium combined pollution loess is soil sample (the plumbous and mass concentration of cadmium in Contaminated Loess is 100mg/g), the cellulose base anion adsorbent that step 3 is obtained and Contaminated Loess in mass ratio 1:10 are inserted after mixing in drip washing post, the particle diameter that distributes in soil layer is 10 of the handstones of 1.5cm, drip washing column bottom is fixed with nylon screen, taking the ethylenediamine tetra-acetic acid (EDTA) of concentration 0.01mol/L as leacheate, the loess in drip washing post is carried out to drip washing, leacheate flow velocity 20mL/min, pH value 7, 25 DEG C of drip washing temperature, drip washing time 4h, collect leacheate in drip washing post lower end.
After tested, in embodiment 1, through in the Contaminated Loess of drip washing, the leaching loss amount of nitrate anion and phosphate radical has reduced respectively 86.64% and 90.13%, and washout rate plumbous and cadmium is respectively 65.44% and 68.28%.
Embodiment 2
Step 1, is the KOH solution 100mL of 1mol/L to adding mass concentration in 10g crushed straw (maize straw and wheat stalk mass ratio 1:1), under ultrasonic auxiliary stirring condition, reacts, wherein ultrasonic power 75W, 75 DEG C of reaction temperatures, reaction time 3h, stir speed (S.S.) 100r/min;
Step 2, after the product that step 1 is obtained filters, washes, is dried, adds the NaClO of 0.1mol/L
2the glacial acetic acid 100mL of solution 40mL and 0.1mol/L, reacts under ultrasonic auxiliary stirring condition, wherein ultrasonic power 75W, and 50 DEG C of reaction temperatures, reaction time 3h, stir speed (S.S.) 100r/min, product, after washing, being dried, obtains stalk cellulose;
Step 3, at ultrasonic power 75W, 75 DEG C of reaction temperatures, under stir speed (S.S.) 100r/min condition, stalk cellulose 1g, epoxychloropropane 50mL and DMF 100mL are mixed to rear reaction 3h, then add 20mL pyridine to continue to add 40mL diethylamine solution to continue to react 3h after reaction 3h, product, after washing, being dried, obtains cellulose base anion adsorbent;
Step 4, plumbous and cadmium combined pollution loess is soil sample (the plumbous and mass concentration of cadmium in Contaminated Loess is 100mg/g), the cellulose base anion adsorbent that step 3 is obtained and Contaminated Loess in mass ratio 1:20 are inserted after mixing in drip washing post, the particle diameter that distributes in soil layer is 12 of the handstones of 1.2cm, drip washing column bottom is fixed with nylon screen, taking the ethylenediamine tetra-acetic acid (EDTA) of concentration 0.05mol/L as leacheate, the loess in drip washing post is carried out to drip washing, leacheate flow velocity 40mL/min, pH value 7, 25 DEG C of drip washing temperature, drip washing time 4h, collect leacheate in drip washing post lower end.
After tested, in embodiment 2, through in the soil of drip washing, the leaching loss amount of nitrate anion and phosphate radical has reduced respectively 61.27% and 73.09%, and washout rate plumbous and cadmium is respectively 63.39% and 64.17%.
Embodiment 3
Step 1, is the KOH solution 100mL of 1mol/L to adding mass concentration in 10g crushed straw (maize straw and wheat stalk mass ratio 1:1), under ultrasonic auxiliary stirring condition, reacts, wherein ultrasonic power 50W, 100 DEG C of reaction temperatures, reaction time 2h, stir speed (S.S.) 80r/min;
Step 2, after the product that step 1 is obtained filters, washes, is dried, adds the NaClO of 0.1mol/L
2the glacial acetic acid 100mL of solution 40mL and 0.1mol/L, reacts under ultrasonic auxiliary stirring condition, wherein ultrasonic power 50W, and 100 DEG C of reaction temperatures, reaction time 2h, stir speed (S.S.) 80r/min, product, after washing, being dried, obtains stalk cellulose;
Step 3, at ultrasonic power 50W, 50 DEG C of reaction temperatures, under stir speed (S.S.) 80r/min condition, stalk cellulose 1g, epoxychloropropane 50mL and DMF 100mL are mixed to rear reaction 4h, then add 20mL pyridine to continue to add 40mL diethylamine solution to continue to react 4h after reaction 4h, product, after washing, being dried, obtains cellulose base anion adsorbent;
Step 4, plumbous and cadmium combined pollution loess is soil sample (the plumbous and mass concentration of cadmium in Contaminated Loess is 100mg/g), the cellulose base anion adsorbent that step 3 is obtained and Contaminated Loess in mass ratio 1:30 are inserted after mixing in drip washing post, the particle diameter that distributes in soil layer is 10 of the handstones of 1.8cm, drip washing column bottom is fixed with nylon screen, taking the ethylenediamine tetra-acetic acid (EDTA) of concentration 0.1mol/L as leacheate, the loess in drip washing post is carried out to drip washing, leacheate flow velocity 60mL/min, pH value 7, 25 DEG C of drip washing temperature, drip washing time 4h, collect leacheate in drip washing post lower end.
After tested, in embodiment 3, through in the loess of drip washing, the leaching loss amount of nitrate anion and phosphate radical has reduced respectively 58.14% and 65.47%, and washout rate plumbous and cadmium is respectively 66.19% and 69.75%.
Embodiment 4
Step 1, is the KOH solution 100mL of 1mol/L to adding mass concentration in 10g crushed straw (maize straw and wheat stalk mass ratio 1:1), under ultrasonic auxiliary stirring condition, reacts, wherein ultrasonic power 25W, 25 DEG C of reaction temperatures, reaction time 1h, stir speed (S.S.) 60r/min;
Step 2, after the product that step 1 is obtained filters, washes, is dried, adds the NaClO of 0.1mol/L
2the glacial acetic acid 100mL of solution 40mL and 0.1mol/L, reacts under ultrasonic auxiliary stirring condition, wherein ultrasonic power 25W, and 25 DEG C of reaction temperatures, reaction time 1h, stir speed (S.S.) 60r/min, product, after washing, being dried, obtains stalk cellulose;
Step 3, at ultrasonic power 25W, 25 DEG C of reaction temperatures, under stir speed (S.S.) 60r/min condition, stalk cellulose 1g, epoxychloropropane 50mL and DMF 100mL are mixed to rear reaction 1h, then add 20mL pyridine to continue to add 40mL diethylamine solution to continue to react 1h after reaction 1h, product, after washing, being dried, obtains cellulose base anion adsorbent;
Step 4, plumbous and cadmium combined pollution loess is soil sample (the plumbous and mass concentration of cadmium in Contaminated Loess is 100mg/g), the cellulose base anion adsorbent that step 3 is obtained and Contaminated Loess in mass ratio 1:40 are inserted after mixing in drip washing post, the particle diameter that distributes in soil layer is 10 of the handstones of 1.6cm, drip washing column bottom is fixed with nylon screen, taking the ethylenediamine tetra-acetic acid (EDTA) of concentration 0.2mol/L as leacheate, the loess in drip washing post is carried out to drip washing, leacheate flow velocity 80mL/min, pH value 7, 25 DEG C of drip washing temperature, drip washing time 4h, collect leacheate in drip washing post lower end.
After tested, in embodiment 4, reduced respectively 42.41% and 45.06% through the leaching loss amount of nitrate anion in the loess of drip washing and phosphate radical, washout rate plumbous and cadmium is respectively 65.54% and 70.71%.
Embodiment 5
Referring to embodiment 1, as different from Example 1,
Lessivation EDTA concentration is 0.05mol/L, and other condition is constant, and the leaching loss amount that records loess nitrate anion and phosphate radical has reduced respectively 74.81% and 80.27%, and washout rate plumbous and cadmium is respectively 66.88% and 70.27%.
Embodiment 6
Referring to embodiment 1, as different from Example 1,
Lessivation EDTA concentration is 0.1mol/L, and other condition is constant, and the leaching loss amount that records loess nitrate anion and phosphate radical has reduced respectively 62.33% and 60.41%, and washout rate plumbous and cadmium is respectively 65.25% and 74.37%.
Embodiment 7
Referring to embodiment 1, as different from Example 1,
Lessivation EDTA concentration is 0.2mol/L, and other condition is constant, and the leaching loss amount that records loess nitrate anion and phosphate radical has reduced respectively 43.25% and 39.37%, and washout rate plumbous and cadmium is respectively 64.78% and 75.09%.
From embodiment 1,5～7, along with the rising of EDTA concentration, the leaching loss amount of nitrate anion and phosphate radical increases, and illustrates that lower EDTA concentration is conducive to slow down the leaching loss of nitrate anion and phosphate radical, and EDTA concentration is little on the impact of plumbous and cadmium washout rate.
Embodiment 8
Referring to embodiment 1, as different from Example 1,
Leacheate flow velocity is 40mL/min, and other condition is constant, and the leaching loss amount that records loess nitrate anion and phosphate radical has reduced respectively 65.58% and 70.33%, and washout rate plumbous and cadmium is respectively 50.66% and 58.83%.
Embodiment 9
Referring to embodiment 1, as different from Example 1,
Leacheate flow velocity is 60mL/min, and other condition is constant, and the leaching loss amount that records loess nitrate anion and phosphate radical has reduced respectively 54.21% and 50.85%, and washout rate plumbous and cadmium is respectively 52.29% and 59.42%.
Embodiment 10
Referring to embodiment 1, as different from Example 1,
Leacheate flow velocity is 80mL/min, and other condition is constant, and the leaching loss amount that records loess nitrate anion and phosphate radical has reduced respectively 41.33% and 37.29%, and washout rate plumbous and cadmium is respectively 47.64% and 52.29%.
From embodiment 1,8～10, along with the increase of leacheate flow velocity, the leaching loss amount of nitrate anion and phosphate radical increases, and illustrates that lower leacheate flow velocity is conducive to slow down the leaching loss of nitrate anion and phosphate radical, and leacheate flow velocity has impact to the washout rate of plumbous and cadmium.
Embodiment 11
Referring to embodiment 1, as different from Example 1,
The drip washing time is 3h, and other condition is constant, and the leaching loss amount that records loess nitrate anion and phosphate radical has reduced respectively 84.29% and 88.37%, and washout rate plumbous and cadmium is respectively 49.25% and 47.82%.
Embodiment 12
Referring to embodiment 1, as different from Example 1,
The drip washing time is 2h, and other condition is constant, and the leaching loss amount that records loess nitrate anion and phosphate radical has reduced respectively 85.83% and 86.66%, and washout rate plumbous and cadmium is respectively 38.83% and 35.25%.
Embodiment 13
Referring to embodiment 1, as different from Example 1,
The drip washing time is 1h, and other condition is constant, and the leaching loss amount that records loess nitrate anion and phosphate radical has reduced respectively 84.47% and 87.48%, and washout rate plumbous and cadmium is respectively 26.67% and 22.21%.
From embodiment 1,11～13, the drip washing time is very little on the leaching loss amount impact of nitrate anion and phosphate radical, and the longer drip washing time contributes to improve the washout rate of plumbous and cadmium.
Embodiment 14
Referring to embodiment 1, as different from Example 1,
Cellulose base anion adsorbent and loess mass ratio are 1:20, and other condition is constant, and the leaching loss amount that records loess nitrate anion and phosphate radical has reduced respectively 74.41% and 83.25%, and washout rate plumbous and cadmium is respectively 62.29% and 63.56%.
Embodiment 15
Referring to embodiment 1, as different from Example 1,
Cellulose base anion adsorbent and loess mass ratio are 1:30, and other condition is constant, and the leaching loss amount that records loess nitrate anion and phosphate radical has reduced respectively 65.57% and 76.31%, and washout rate plumbous and cadmium is respectively 63.43% and 65.51%.
Embodiment 16
Referring to embodiment 1, as different from Example 1,
Cellulose base anion adsorbent and loess mass ratio are 1:40, and other condition is constant, and the leaching loss amount that records loess nitrate anion and phosphate radical has reduced respectively 58.28% and 67.19%, and washout rate plumbous and cadmium is respectively 61.15% and 64.17%.
From embodiment 1,14～16, along with reducing of cellulose base anion adsorbent and loess mass ratio, the leaching loss amount of nitrate anion and phosphate radical is more, illustrate that larger cellulose base anion adsorbent and loess mass ratio are conducive to slow down the leaching loss of nitrate anion and phosphate radical, meanwhile, cellulose base anion adsorbent and loess mass ratio affect very little on plumbous and cadmium leaching rate.
Embodiment 17
Referring to embodiment 1, as different from Example 1,
Drip washing temperature is 15 DEG C, and other condition is constant, and the leaching loss amount that records loess nitrate anion and phosphate radical has reduced respectively 85.57% and 88.44%, and washout rate plumbous and cadmium is respectively 64.95% and 66.75%.
Embodiment 18
Referring to embodiment 1, as different from Example 1,
Drip washing temperature is 35 DEG C, and other condition is constant, and the leaching loss amount that records loess nitrate anion and phosphate radical has reduced respectively 85.29% and 88.33%, and washout rate plumbous and cadmium is respectively 65.01% and 65.88%.
Embodiment 19
Referring to embodiment 1, as different from Example 1,
Drip washing temperature is 45 DEG C, and other condition is constant, and the leaching loss amount that records loess nitrate anion and phosphate radical has reduced respectively 85.68% and 89.21%, and washout rate plumbous and cadmium is respectively 63.39% and 65.56%.
From embodiment 1,17～19, along with the increase of drip washing temperature, the leaching loss amount of nitrate anion and phosphate radical is substantially constant, illustrates that drip washing temperature is for the leaching loss DeGrain that slows down nitrate anion and phosphate radical, and drip washing temperature affects very little on plumbous and cadmium washout rate.
Embodiment 20
Referring to embodiment 1, as different from Example 1,
Lessivation pH value is 5, and other condition is constant, and the leaching loss amount that records loess nitrate anion and phosphate radical has reduced respectively 86.09% and 88.44%, and washout rate plumbous and cadmium is respectively 60.88% and 62.21%.
Embodiment 21
Referring to embodiment 1, as different from Example 1,
Lessivation pH value is 6, and other condition is constant, and the leaching loss amount that records loess nitrate anion and phosphate radical has reduced respectively 85.78% and 89.13%, and washout rate plumbous and cadmium is respectively 61.17% and 63.39%.
Embodiment 22
Referring to embodiment 1, as different from Example 1,
Lessivation pH value is 8, and other condition is constant, and the leaching loss amount that records loess nitrate anion and phosphate radical has reduced respectively 84.59% and 88.07%, and washout rate plumbous and cadmium is respectively 62.26% and 63.81%.
From embodiment 1,20～22, under lessivation different pH condition, the leaching loss amount of nitrate anion and phosphate radical is substantially constant, illustrates that drip washing pH value is for the leaching loss DeGrain that slows down nitrate anion and phosphate radical, and drip washing pH value affects very little on plumbous and cadmium washout rate.
Claims (9)
1. one kind is slowed down the method for contaminated soil lessivation leaching loss of nutrient, it is characterized in that, after being mixed, cellulose base anion adsorbent and Contaminated Loess insert in drip washing post, the particle diameter that distributes in soil layer is 10～12 of the handstones of 1.2～1.8cm, drip washing column bottom is fixed with nylon screen, taking ethylenediamine tetra-acetic acid as leacheate, the loess in drip washing post is carried out to drip washing, collect leacheate in drip washing post lower end.
2. the method that slows down contaminated soil lessivation leaching loss of nutrient according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the preparation method of described cellulose base anion adsorbent is:
Step 1, shatters to 10g that in stalk, to add concentration be the KOH solution 100mL of 1mol/L, under ultrasonic auxiliary stirring condition, reacts,
Step 2, the product that step 1 is obtained adds the NaClO of 0.1mol/L after filtering, wash, being dried
2the glacial acetic acid 100mL of solution 40mL and 0.1mol/L, reacts under ultrasonic auxiliary stirring condition, and product, through washing, dry, obtains stalk cellulose;
Step 3, stalk cellulose 1g, epoxychloropropane 50mL and N that step 2 is obtained, dinethylformamide 100mL reacts 1～4h after mixing under ultrasonic auxiliary stirring condition, then add 20mL pyridine to continue reaction 1～4h, add again 40mL diethylamine solution to continue reaction 1～4h, product, through washing, dry, obtains cellulose base anion adsorbent.
3. the method that slows down contaminated soil lessivation leaching loss of nutrient according to claim 2, is characterized in that, in step 1, stalk is maize straw and the wheat stalk mixture of 1:1 composition in mass ratio.
4. according to the method that slows down contaminated soil lessivation leaching loss of nutrient described in claim 2 or 3, it is characterized in that ultrasonic power 25～100W in step 1,25～100 DEG C of reaction temperatures, reaction time 1～4h, stir speed (S.S.) 60～120r/min.
5. the method that slows down contaminated soil lessivation leaching loss of nutrient according to claim 2, is characterized in that, ultrasonic power 25～100W in step 2,25～100 DEG C of reaction temperatures, reaction time 1～4h, stir speed (S.S.) 60～120r/min.
6. the method that slows down contaminated soil lessivation leaching loss of nutrient according to claim 2, is characterized in that, ultrasonic power 25～100W in step 3,25～100 DEG C of reaction temperatures, stir speed (S.S.) 60～120r/min.
7. the method that slows down contaminated soil lessivation leaching loss of nutrient according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described cellulose base anion adsorbent and loess mass ratio 1:10～40.
8. the method that slows down contaminated soil lessivation leaching loss of nutrient according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the concentration 0.01～0.2mol/L of described ethylenediamine tetra-acetic acid.
9. the method that slows down contaminated soil lessivation leaching loss of nutrient according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the flow velocity 20～80mL/min of described leacheate, pH value 5～8,15～45 DEG C of drip washing temperature, drip washing time 1～4h.
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