CN104000585A - Full-bandwidth brain electrical signal obtaining device - Google Patents
Full-bandwidth brain electrical signal obtaining device Download PDFInfo
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- CN104000585A CN104000585A CN201410180451.8A CN201410180451A CN104000585A CN 104000585 A CN104000585 A CN 104000585A CN 201410180451 A CN201410180451 A CN 201410180451A CN 104000585 A CN104000585 A CN 104000585A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a full-bandwidth brain electrical signal obtaining device. The full-bandwidth brain electrical signal obtaining device is characterized in that an anti-shaking electrode comprises an electrode body, gel and an insulation layer, a direct current attenuator circuit only attenuates direct current and low frequency portions of an input signal, the amplitude of the direct current and low frequency portions is amplified and then is kept within the system A/D collecting amplitude value range, and the overflowing phenomenon does not appear; an amplification filter circuit comprises a secondary amplification circuit and a low pass filter circuit, and an upper computer restores the direct current portion through a digital compensation algorithm and is reconstructed with an alternating current portion to form an original brain electric signal. The full-bandwidth brain electrical signal obtaining device can meet the requirement for standard EDF format storage and has the advantages of being high in precision, full in bandwidth, strong in anti-jamming capacity, complete in data restoration and the like, and the direct current attenuation signal can be automatically reconstructed into the original full-bandwidth brain electrical signal under the conditions that the amplitude value range is from minus 100 mV to plus 100 mV and the precision is 0.3 mu V.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to biomedical engineering field, relate to the acquisition and process of bioelectrical signals, relate in particular to a kind of full bandwidth EEG signals acquisition device.
Background technology
Due to technical restriction with to backwardness cognitive in EEG research, traditional eeg signal acquisition device bandwidth is set to 0.5-50Hz conventionally, is considered to garbage signal or interfering signal at this extraneous signal.Along with developing rapidly of technology and EEG research work, particularly find for the research of the brain states such as immaturity brain, epilepsy: the low frequency signal (<0.1Hz) in brain electricity, even DC component and high-frequency signal have very high researching value.So need to have a kind of collecting device that can obtain from DC component to high fdrequency component, realize the complete collection of EEG signals.
Due to the low frequency in brain electricity and DC component amplitude higher, generally at tens millivolts, and conventional AC compounent, amplitude is at positive and negative 100 microvolts.And to ensure same analog-to-digital conversion definition, and need in realization the signal input range of more high-precision A/D converter and Geng Gao, bring very large pressure to design cost.Simultaneously, in the process of full bandwidth eeg signal acquisition, introduce DC component owing to being easy to be subject to extraneous interference in brain electricity, therefore the anti-shake design of electrode, high sample frequency, direct current component collection, compensated digital signal and reference format storage etc. just seem extremely important.Wherein, direct current component collection and compensated digital signal and storage are the key technologies that needs solution.
In current existing full bandwidth collecting device, the solution that the DC component that major part all adopts and AC compounent gather respectively, but the synchronous acquisition that realizes full bandwidth EEG signals that can not be real, and involve great expense in addition, the defect such as the storage format of data is nonstandard.The impact that these design defect are serious the research work analyzed of full bandwidth eeg signal acquisition, limited the interchange between the full bandwidth EEG scientific research personnel who uses different company's equipment, hindered proposition, exploration and the realization of brand-new analytical method.Have two certain relevant patents as follows to the present invention:
Chinese Patent Application No. is: 200420033843.3, name is called: a kind of electrode cap for brain wave collection system, this patent application case relates to neurobiology detection technique, is similar to the effigurate helmet of tool that motorcycle helmet is the same and the probe of some forms by one.This device can avoid measuring in the situation of electrode and scalp loose contact, but its weak point is: can not effectively reduce the interference of extraneous high-frequency signal to direct current component in EEG signals, can not realize the accurate collection of full bandwidth EEG signals.
Chinese Patent Application No. is: 201210360848.6, name is called: Electroencephalo signal amplifier, and this application case adopts implanted electrode, and EEG signals is through AC/DC amplification module, and under the control of microprocessor Atmega32, carry out signals collecting, and import host computer into and process.It uses implanted electrode, and experimental subject is had to damage to a certain degree; Meanwhile, the method that adopts direct current and AC portion to gather respectively, can not realize the collection of real full bandwidth EEG signals.In full bandwidth eeg signal acquisition, have several subject matter, low frequency EEG signals poor anti jamming capability, EEG signals direct current component exceed acquisition range and image data can not save as standard EDF form after amplifying.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to overcome the above-mentioned deficiency of prior art, a kind of eeg signal acquisition equipment scheme of broadband is provided, this equipment comprises: anti-shake electrode, direct current attenuator circuit, filtering and amplifying circuit and host computer digital compensation algorithm, can be applicable to the signals collecting of Electrophysiology aspect.For above-mentioned three problems, design a kind of brand-new anti-shake electrode, the mode that adopts analog attenuation to combine with digital compensation realizes to be obtained the full bandwidth of EEG signals, thereby make direct current component in EEG signals can be smoothly by traditional collecting device and can be reduced to original EEG signals in host computer, realize with the storage of standard EDF data format.
Feature of the present invention is full bandwidth, by analog DC attenuator circuit, the direct current component of EEG signals is significantly decayed, it after amplifying, brain wave acquisition equipment leading portion amplifying circuit still can ensured in effective amplitude range of amplitude at A/D converter, thereby when can realizing the direct current component of signal and AC portion, gather, ensure EEG signals each several part real-time synchronization.Meanwhile, add digital compensation algorithm in epigynous computer section, the EEG signals after direct current decay that A/D converter is collected is reconstructed, and restores the direct current component being attenuated, thereby recovers original EEG signals, ensures the integrity of EEG signals; In order to ensure the integrity of EEG signals direct current component and AC portion, in the present invention, the leading portion of acquisition system adopts the electrode structure of brand-new design, can the effect of jitter in eeg signal acquisition process be dropped to minimum; Aspect data storage, the present invention decays direct current component, and the data that gather acquisition can meet the EDF data format of standard, realize full bandwidth and the standardization of eeg signal acquisition.
In order to realize goal of the invention, the present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions:
A kind of full bandwidth EEG signals acquisition device, comprises anti-shake electrode, direct current attenuator circuit, filtering and amplifying circuit and host computer;
Described anti-shake electrode comprises electrode, gel and insulating barrier, and described anti-shake electrode is used for gathering EEG signals, then signal is imported to direct current attenuator circuit;
Described direct current attenuator circuit only direct current and the low frequency part to input signal is decayed, and still can remain on system A/D converter after the amplitude of direct current and low frequency part is amplified to gather in amplitude range, does not occur the situation of overflowing;
Described filtering and amplifying circuit comprises a second amplifying circuit and a low-pass filter circuit, described second amplifying circuit carries out entirety amplification to the direct current in the EEG signals having decayed and low frequency part, makes its amplitude can reach the effective accuracy of A/D converter conversion; Described low-pass filter circuit is for effectively getting rid of the High-frequency Interference of introducing due to devices such as inside circuit operational amplifiers, ensure the complete of signal, the EEG signals that direct current and low frequency part are attenuated is after filtering and amplifying circuit, and AC portion is exaggerated together with direct current component and converts digital signal to by A/D converter and input to host computer and process;
Described host computer restores direct current component the original EEG signals of reconstruct together with AC portion by digital compensation algorithm.
In described anti-shake electrode, described electrode adopts Ag/AgCl material.Because this material has the features such as not oxidizable, excellent conductivity, can meet and use for a long time and ensure the technical requirements such as eeg signal acquisition integrity.On the contact surface of electrode and skin, inject Signa Gel, ensure good contact between electrode material and skin, avoid electrode and skin to have loose contact and produce the effect of electric capacity, and having strengthened the connection between skin and electrode, having prevented that the shake of electrode from causing distorted signals.Install a plastic insulation cover additional in the periphery of electrode and electrode and skin contact; not only can prevent that thereby gel is too dried and causes EEG signals can not normally import electrode into; also can shield extraneous high-frequency interferencing signal, eeg signal acquisition environment is had to certain protective effect simultaneously.
Described direct current attenuator circuit can be improved and be formed by the high pass filter in conventional collecting device.Consider the circuit of high pass filter design in conventional brain wave acquisition circuit: have employing passive RC filter, also have the active operational amplifier of employing to realize high pass filter function.So, in the present invention, for these two kinds of different filter apparatus, two kinds of solutions are proposed, can both realize decay and the full bandwidth signals collecting of direct current DC part.
For the improvement of the passive RC high pass filter of routine, described direct current attenuator circuit can be a resistance R in parallel in the capacitor C of passive RC filter circuit
dC, its resistance can be determined according to the attenuation multiple of direct current component.Its operation principle is as follows: capacitor C is higher to the conduction of high-frequency signal, poor for low frequency signal conduction, there is no conduction for direct current signal.A resistance R in parallel in capacitor C
dC, EEG signals enters after direct current attenuator circuit, and HFS directly passes through capacitor C, thereby enters the amplifying circuit in Acquisition Circuit by high pass filter, and the low frequency of EEG signals and direct current component pass through R
dCdecay, attenuation multiple is R/ (R+R
dC) doubly, if R
dCresistance is very large, just the low frequency in EEG signals and direct current component largely can be decayed, then after entering amplifying circuit in Acquisition Circuit and amplifying, still can meet effective amplitude range of A/D converter.The direct current attenuator circuit obtaining after improvement just can be realized the synchronous acquisition of low frequency and direct current component and the HFS of EEG signals.
Similar for the improvement of conventional active RC filter and the principle of passive RC filter, described direct current attenuator circuit can be also at the input negative terminal of operational amplifier and outfan contact resistance R
dC.The direct current of EEG signals and low frequency part are through damping resistance R
dC, enter the amplifying circuit in Acquisition Circuit.By adjusting damping resistance R
dCresistance determine the attenuation multiple of direct current and low frequency part in EEG signals, can meet effective amplitude range of A/D adapter.
For described host computer, digital compensation algorithm is as a performing a programme of host computer, it can be reconstructed the direct current in the EEG signals having decayed and low frequency part, ensure in situation that EEG signals medium-high frequency part signal is complete, direct current and low frequency part are reverted to decay amplitude before, thereby realize the reconstruct of the EEG signals that acquired original obtains, obtain removing after most noises, comprise the complete EEG signals of direct current and low frequency part and HFS.
This digital compensation algorithm is drawn by the anti-phase derivation of a kind of digital pad, and this digital pad is to carry out Hyperbolic Transform by digital filter to derive.Because its width frequency domain characteristic is similar to the active or passive direct current attenuator circuit of mentioning in the present invention, so by anti-phase this digital pad the being derived host computer digital compensation algorithm of deriving for the active or passive filtering attenuator circuit of mentioning in the present invention.In host computer, adopt this digital compensation algorithm to carry out the reconstruct of original EEG signals, concrete derivation is as follows:
The first step: identical this feature of frequency domain characteristic according to the frequency domain characteristic of the Hyperbolic Transform of digital filter with the analog attenuation circuit of EEG signals, derive the Hyperbolic Transform equation of set of number attentuating filter, this digital algorithm can draw and the similar effect of analog attenuation circuit, obtain the EEG signals EEG after overdamping in digital attentuating filter " and relation between original EEG signals EEG:
Be EEG "
n=α
1eEG "
n-1+ β
0eEG
n+ β
1eEG
n-1(1);
Second step: by multiple authentication and the derivation of equation, draw each factor alpha of this Hyperbolic Transform equation
nand β
nand the relation between multiple and the attenuation bandwidth of direct current decay, and the EEG signals of the direct current decay that the EEG signals of the direct current decay that definite original EEG signals calculates by this equation obtains with analog circuit actual attenuation is identical, and digital attentuating filter is identical with the attenuating of analog DC attenuator;
The 3rd step: in order to realize the fast and stable of attenuator, this Hyperbolic Transform equation is initialized, this initialization value is the EEG signals of the direct current decay that original EEG signals and attenuation of the first kind obtain, and ensures that this numeral attenuation process is identical with analog DC attenuating;
Each initial condition is as follows: EEG
0=EEG
1, EEG "
0=EEG
1dCgain, wherein DCgain is direct current attenuation multiple;
The 4th step: (1) is carried out to inverse operation, by the inverse operation of the Hyperbolic Transform equation to this digital attenuation process, derive original EEG signals EEG
ncomputing formula:
Be EEG
n=[EEG "
n-α
1eEG "
n-1-β
1eEG
n-1]/β
0(2);
By above derivation, (2) show that in host computer mathematical compensation algorithm original EEG signals completes the core calculations formula of restructuring procedure, wherein, and each factor alpha in inverse operation
nand β
nidentical with the coefficient in original Hyperbolic Transform equation, its initialization value is identical with original initialization value.
Owing to adopting technique scheme, a kind of full bandwidth EEG signals acquisition device provided by the invention compared with prior art, has such beneficial effect to be:
The present invention can meet the storage of standard EDF form, has the features such as high accuracy, full bandwidth, capacity of resisting disturbance are strong, data reduction is complete.At amplitude range be ± 100mV, precision is under the condition of 0.3 μ V, and direct current deamplification can go out original full bandwidth EEG signals by automatic reconfiguration.
The present invention is because the frequency domain characteristic of the Hyperbolic Transform process of this digital filter is similar to analog attenuation circuit, and its result is also identical.So can complete the complete reconstruct of original EEG signals according to the inverse operation of the Hyperbolic Transform process of this digital filter.
The present invention is by existing conventional brain wave acquisition equipment, improve the full bandwidth collection that just can realize EEG signals, and image data can be stored with standard data format, be a kind of solution that reduces equipment cost and realize full bandwidth eeg signal acquisition.
The feature that the present invention is different from conventional brain wave acquisition equipment is that it can realize the full bandwidth collection of EEG signals, the brain electric information that obtains lower frequency region of complete and accurate, the present invention is the realization of outstanding full bandwidth part only, comprises anti-shake electrode, direct current attenuator circuit, digital compensation algorithm three parts.Wherein:
(1) anti-shake electrode adopts the structure of brand-new design, can match with existing EEG electrode cap, add insulation chamber design part, the contact environment of shield electrode and skin, can reduce the interference of outer bound pair low frequency EEG signals, ensure electrode and skin close contact, effectively reduce the interference of outside noise to low frequency signal;
(2) direct current attenuator circuit can adopt passive or active mode, the direct current component of EEG signals is decayed, make signal after amplifying still within the amplitude range of brain wave acquisition equipment, after being convenient to, in environment division, signal is carried out to denoising and analysis; Be directed to passive and active circuit and design respectively, direct current component decay and the harmless of AC portion that can realize EEG signals obtain; The present invention uses direct current decay thinking, can realize obtaining of full bandwidth EEG signals;
(3) digital compensation algorithm part draws digital compensation parameter by the inverse operation of digital pad, and digital compensation is initialized, and just can realize in host computer the EEG signals of direct current component decay is reconstructed; Derive and draw based on digital pad inverse operation, the frequency domain characteristic of this digital pad is close with direct current attenuator circuit, its inverse operation, and digital compensation algorithm can draw original EEG signals to greatest extent.
Brief description of the drawings:
Fig. 1 is the global design block diagram of full bandwidth EEG signals acquisition device;
Fig. 2 is anti-shake electrode structural chart;
Fig. 3 is passive direct current DC attenuator circuit structure chart;
Fig. 4 is passive direct current DC attenuator circuit frequency domain characteristic;
Fig. 5 is active direct current DC attenuator circuit structure chart;
Fig. 6 is full bandwidth brain wave acquisition equipment leading portion simulation improvement project structure chart.
Detailed description of the invention:
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, embodiments of the invention are elaborated: the present embodiment is implemented under taking technical solution of the present invention as prerequisite, provided detailed embodiment and concrete operating process, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited to following embodiment.
Embodiment
The global design block diagram of full bandwidth EEG signals acquisition device, as shown in Figure 1, it is made up of anti-shake electrode, direct current attenuator circuit, filtering and amplifying circuit and host computer.Front end gathers EEG signals by anti-shake electrode, enter subsequently direct current attenuator circuit, attenuator circuit only direct current and the low frequency part to signal is decayed, and still can remain on system A/D converter after the amplitude of direct current and low frequency part is amplified to gather in amplitude range, does not occur the situation of overflowing; Filtering and amplifying circuit comprises a second amplifying circuit and a low-pass filter circuit, and second amplifying circuit carries out entirety to the EEG signals of direct current and low frequency part decay and amplifies, and makes its amplitude can reach the effective accuracy of A/D converter conversion; Low-pass filter circuit is effectively got rid of the High-frequency Interference of introducing due to devices such as inside circuit operational amplifiers, ensures the complete of signal.The EEG signals that direct current and low frequency part are attenuated is after filtering and amplifying circuit, and AC portion is exaggerated together with direct current component and converts digital signal to by A/D converter and import host computer into and process; In host computer, by digital algorithm, direct current component is restored and the original EEG signals of reconstruct together with AC portion.
Described anti-shake electrode structure as shown in Figure 2.First between electrode and skin, use gel, be used for strengthening the contact effect between electrode and skin, avoid electrode effect of jitter its with the contacting of skin, thereby affect the accuracy of EEG signals transmission.
Secondly electrode material must be selected non-polarizable material.Because all polarizing electrode materials for example gold, platinum, stannum and steel etc., all be easy to form capacity coupled form with external environment condition, can between electrode and gel, form so a kind of easy high pass filtering device, destroy the integrity of the low pass part signal in EEG signals.
Finally, form an airtight insulation chamber at the outside insulant of placing of electrode assembly.Its object has two, and the one, can slow down the rate of drying of gel, after gel drying, can affect contacting of electrode and skin, can not ensure the transmission quality of signal.Rate of drying can be slowed down in insulation chamber, and acquisition time can be extended.Another object is that shielding outer signals is disturbed, outer signals major part is all high-frequency signal, be easy to the direct current component in EEG signals to exert an influence, insulation chamber can effectively ensure that its inside is not affected by outer signals, greatly reduce the interference of outer signals, ensured the accuracy of EEG signals.
Passive direct current DC attenuator circuit, as shown in Figure 3, conventional EEG collecting device filters out direct current DC part in leading portion amplifier section with passive RC high pass filter conventionally.Based on this collecting device, we in the electric capacity place parallel connection of RC wave filter the resistance R of a very large resistance
dC.This passive circuit can not all filter out all direct current DC parts, but the R/ (R+R that decayed
dC) doubly.In low frequency bandwidth, true direct current DC is to intrasonic 1/ (2 π R
dCc), in, this attenuator circuit is effective.
Be illustrated in figure 4 the frequency domain characteristic of passive direct current DC attenuator circuit.For example, establish device parameters R=1.2M, C=4.4uF, RDC=10M.From DC to 0.0035Hz, to gain be 0.107 to frequency of fadings as shown in Figure 4.Starting to gain from frequency 0.0036Hz obviously becomes large, until 0.030Hz gain tends towards stability.
Direct current DC attenuator is incorporated in the feedback circuit of active preamplifier, and as shown in Figure 5, its actual effect and passive filter are basically identical, and its frequency domain characteristic as shown in Figure 3.This leading portion amplifier has (R+R for the signal of all frequencies at first
dC)/R gain.In circuit, embed a capacitor C, just can be by all gain reductions of direct current DC to unified.So, with respect to conventional bandwidth, the direct current DC part R/ (R+R that decayed
dC), identical with the effect in passive RC filter.Be 1/[2p (R+R in frequency domain bandwidth
dC) C] in, active power filtering direct current DC attenuator circuit is identical with the frequency domain characteristic of passive attenuation circuit.It should be noted that meeting RC passive filter of the second cascade after active circuit in conventional collecting device, in the situation that direct current DC decays, the RC wave filter of the second cascade need to remove.
In the two schemes shown in Fig. 3 and Fig. 5, must guarantee that direct current DC gains and bandwidth is accurate with the resistance of low error and capacitor element.Initialize correctly in order to ensure to separate to decay, first decay sampled value that is stored in EDF formatted file must be got the meansigma methods of the sampled value of initial front 10s.
Full bandwidth brain wave acquisition equipment leading portion simulation improvement project complete structure figure, as shown in Figure 6.Full bandwidth brain wave acquisition equipment leading portion simulation part divides and comprises: the parts such as leading portion differential amplifier circuit, direct current attenuator circuit, second amplifying circuit, low-pass filter circuit and A/D change-over circuit.Leading portion differential amplifier circuit adopts INA128 operational amplifier, and the reverse integral circuit in leading portion Acquisition Circuit is linked into the Ref end of differential amplifier circuit, forms high pass filter.Reverse integral circuit is improved, and a resistance R in parallel and a capacitor C, be modified into active direct current DC attenuator circuit as shown in Figure 4, and attenuation multiple is adjustable according to the resistance of resistance R.
Signal demand after attenuator circuit decay amplifies amplitude through second amplifying circuit, meet effective amplitude range and the precision of A/D converter, EEG signals enters low pass filter after amplifying through secondary, by hyperfrequency noise remove, last signal enters A/D change-over circuit, A/D change-over circuit adopts 24 high accurate A/D chips, draws the digital signal of brain electricity, and imports host computer into and carry out follow-up reconstruct and analysis.
The foregoing is only the preferred embodiments of the present invention; not thereby limit the scope of the invention; every equivalent structure or flow process conversion that utilizes content of the present invention to do, or be directly or indirectly used in other relevant technical field, all in protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. a full bandwidth EEG signals acquisition device, is characterized in that: comprise anti-shake electrode, direct current attenuator circuit, filtering and amplifying circuit and host computer;
Described anti-shake electrode comprises electrode, gel and insulating barrier, and described anti-shake electrode is used for gathering EEG signals, then inputs to direct current attenuator circuit;
Described direct current attenuator circuit only direct current and the low frequency part to input signal is decayed, and still can remain on system A/D after the amplitude of direct current and low frequency part is amplified to gather in amplitude range, does not occur the situation of overflowing;
Described filtering and amplifying circuit comprises a second amplifying circuit and a low-pass filter circuit, and described second amplifying circuit carries out entirety to the EEG signals of direct current and low frequency part decay and amplifies, and makes its amplitude can reach the effective accuracy of A/D conversion; Described low-pass filter circuit is for effectively getting rid of the High-frequency Interference of introducing due to devices such as inside circuit operational amplifiers, ensure the complete of signal, the EEG signals that direct current and low frequency part are attenuated is after filtering and amplifying circuit, and AC portion is exaggerated together with direct current component and converts digital signal to by A/D and input to host computer and process;
Host computer restores direct current component the original EEG signals of reconstruct together with AC portion by digital compensation algorithm.
2. a kind of full bandwidth EEG signals acquisition device according to claim 1, is characterized in that: adopt Ag/AgCl material at the electrode described in described anti-shake electrode.
3. a kind of full bandwidth EEG signals acquisition device according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described direct current attenuator circuit can be a resistance R in parallel in the capacitor C of passive RC filter circuit
dC, its resistance can be determined according to the attenuation multiple of direct current component.
4. a kind of full bandwidth EEG signals acquisition device according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described direct current attenuator circuit can be also at the input negative terminal of operational amplifier and outfan contact resistance R
dC.
5. a kind of full bandwidth EEG signals acquisition device according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described digital compensation algorithm host computer, digital compensation algorithm is as a performing a programme of host computer, the EEG signals that it can have been decayed direct current and low frequency part is reconstructed, ensure in situation that EEG signals medium-high frequency part signal is complete, direct current and low frequency part are reverted to the amplitude before decay, thereby realize the reconstruct of the EEG signals that acquired original obtains, obtain removing after most noises, comprise the complete EEG signals of direct current and low frequency part and HFS.
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| CN112971810B (en) * | 2021-05-11 | 2021-08-10 | 浙江普可医疗科技有限公司 | Electroencephalogram acquisition system |
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| CN104000585B (en) | 2016-05-04 |
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