CN107525974A - A kind of Lightning Warning method and speed antenna integral type electric field change measuring instrument - Google Patents
A kind of Lightning Warning method and speed antenna integral type electric field change measuring instrument Download PDFInfo
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- CN107525974A CN107525974A CN201710793698.0A CN201710793698A CN107525974A CN 107525974 A CN107525974 A CN 107525974A CN 201710793698 A CN201710793698 A CN 201710793698A CN 107525974 A CN107525974 A CN 107525974A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R29/00—Arrangements for measuring or indicating electric quantities not covered by groups G01R19/00 - G01R27/00
- G01R29/08—Measuring electromagnetic field characteristics
- G01R29/0807—Measuring electromagnetic field characteristics characterised by the application
- G01R29/0814—Field measurements related to measuring influence on or from apparatus, components or humans, e.g. in ESD, EMI, EMC, EMP testing, measuring radiation leakage; detecting presence of micro- or radiowave emitters; dosimetry; testing shielding; measurements related to lightning
- G01R29/0842—Measurements related to lightning, e.g. measuring electric disturbances, warning systems
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R29/00—Arrangements for measuring or indicating electric quantities not covered by groups G01R19/00 - G01R27/00
- G01R29/08—Measuring electromagnetic field characteristics
- G01R29/0864—Measuring electromagnetic field characteristics characterised by constructional or functional features
- G01R29/0871—Complete apparatus or systems; circuits, e.g. receivers or amplifiers
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R29/00—Arrangements for measuring or indicating electric quantities not covered by groups G01R19/00 - G01R27/00
- G01R29/08—Measuring electromagnetic field characteristics
- G01R29/0864—Measuring electromagnetic field characteristics characterised by constructional or functional features
- G01R29/0892—Details related to signal analysis or treatment; presenting results, e.g. displays; measuring specific signal features other than field strength, e.g. polarisation, field modes, phase, envelope, maximum value
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01W—METEOROLOGY
- G01W1/00—Meteorology
- G01W1/10—Devices for predicting weather conditions
Abstract
The invention provides a kind of Lightning Warning method, utilize antenna measurement atmospheric electric field, quantity of electric charge change is converted into voltage signal, to voltage signal voltage amplification and lifting, analog signal by voltage amplification and lifting is divided into high-frequency signal and low frequency signal, sample and handle respectively, draw warning data.Invention also provides a kind of speed antenna integral type electric field change measuring instrument, including antenna, charge sensitive amplifier module, voltage amplifier circuit module, adder lifting module, high-pass filtering module, low-pass filtering module, the first ADC sampling channels, the 2nd ADC sampling channels and the FPGA processing modules being sequentially connected electrically.The present invention overcomes the shortcomings of that existing electric field change measuring instrument needs two slave antennas to measure the fast slowly varying component of atmospheric electric field respectively, and the rapid purpose for carrying out Lightning Warning can be reached with better simply implementation, cost is greatly reduced, has a wide range of application.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of Lightning Warning method and speed antenna integral type electric field change measuring instrument, belong to Lightning Warning
Technical field.
Background technology
Lightning Warning can effectively reduce Lightning Disaster and be endangered to caused by human society.Lightning Warning field master at present
Including：Sounding Data, weather radar monitoring, meteorological satellite observation, lightning positioning system, atmospheric electric field monitoring several ways,
Respectively there is feature.Wherein lightning positioning system and atmospheric electric field detection is most widely used, and lightning positioning system mainly passes through detection
Thunder and lightning occur caused by the information such as electromagnetic wave and infrasound position occurred to thunder and lightning positioned, but can only be to the thunder that has occurred
Electrical phenomena is detected, and due in thunder and lightning forming process usually can along with the change of atmospheric electric field, so atmospheric electric field provide
Material can be before thunder and lightning generation, i.e., thunder and lightning implements early warning during being formed to thunder and lightning.
Atmospheric electric field is measured because the characteristics of its is economical and practical is widely used by antenna method, but current antenna method
Measurement atmospheric electric field needs two slave antennas (fast, slow antenna) and hardware device to measure fast, the slow change point of atmospheric electric field respectively
Amount, so causes the waste of resource, improves equipment cost, can also cause fast, slowly varying component the data of atmospheric electric field
Integrated treatment is more difficult, limits the efficiency and accuracy rate of Lightning Warning to a certain extent.
The content of the invention
In order to solve the deficiencies in the prior art, the invention provides a kind of Lightning Warning method and speed antenna integral type electricity
Field measure of the change instrument, existing electric field change measuring instrument is overcome to need two slave antennas to measure the change of the speed of atmospheric electric field respectively
The deficiency of component, the rapid purpose for carrying out Lightning Warning can be reached with better simply implementation, cost is greatly reduced, is applied
Scope is wide.
The present invention is that technical scheme is used by solving its technical problem：A kind of Lightning Warning method is provided, including
Following steps：
(1) antenna measurement atmospheric electric field is utilized, the charge inducing amount change on antenna is measured, quantity of electric charge change is converted into
Voltage signal；
(2) voltage amplification and lifting are carried out to voltage signal；
(3) analog signal by voltage amplification and lifting is divided into two-way, first via analog signal passes through LPF
Low frequency signal is formed after circuit, for stating the slow change of electric field；Second tunnel analog signal forms high frequency after high-pass filtering
Signal, for stating the fast change of electric field；
(4) low frequency signal and high-frequency signal are sampled respectively；
(5) low frequency signal after sampling and high-frequency signal are handled by FPGA processing modules, draws warning data.
The frequency of step (3) described low frequency signal is 0.25Hz to 20Hz, and the frequency of high-frequency signal is 50KHz to 5MHz.
Invention also provides a kind of speed antenna integral type electric field change measurement based on above-mentioned Lightning Warning method
Instrument, including antenna, charge sensitive amplifier module, voltage amplifier circuit module and the adder lifting being sequentially connected electrically
Module, the output end of the adder lifting module electrically connect with high-pass filtering module and low-pass filtering module respectively, the height
Pass filtering module is connected by the first ADC sampling channels with FPGA processing modules, and low-pass filtering module is sampled logical by the 2nd ADC
Road is connected with the FPGA processing modules.
The charge sensitive amplifier includes the amplifier A201 being connected by inverting input with antenna, amplifier
A201 in-phase input end ground connection, after electric capacity C202 and resistance R2 parallel connections two sections respectively with amplifier A201 inverting input and defeated
Go out end connection, amplifier A201 output end is used to be connected with voltage amplifier circuit module.
The voltage amplifier circuit module includes being connected with charge sensitive amplifier module by input in the same direction
Amplifier A301, amplifier A301 inverting input is grounded by resistance R305, potentiometer R303 fixed contact and movable contact
It is connected respectively with amplifier A301 inverting input and output end, amplifier A301 output end and amplifier A302 input in the same direction
Connection, amplifier A302 inverting input is grounded by resistance R306, potentiometer R304 fixed contact and movable contact respectively with
Amplifier A302 inverting input connects with output end, and amplifier A302 output end is used to be connected with adder lift die block.
The adder lift die block includes amplifier A401, and its in-phase input end passes through resistance R404 and voltage amplifier circuit
Module is connected, and its inverting input is grounded by resistance R403, and potentiometer R407 one end ground connection, the other end passes through resistance R405
Amplifier A401 in-phase input end is accessed, is also connected by resistance R406 with dc source DC408 positive pole, the two of resistance R402
End is connected to amplifier A402 inverting input and output end, and amplifier A402 is used for and high-pass filtering module and LPF
Module connects.
The high-pass filtering module includes amplifier A501, and its inverting input is grounded by resistance R507, also passes through resistance
R506 is connected with input, and amplifier A501 in-phase input end is grounded by resistance R505, also passes through electric capacity C503 and electric capacity
C502 is connected with adder lift die block, and the tie point of the electric capacity C503 and electric capacity C502 pass through electric capacity 504 and amplifier A501
Output end connection, the output end of the amplifier A501 is used to be connected with the first ADC sampling channels.
The low-pass filtering module includes amplifier A601, and its in-phase input end passes through resistance R603 and resistance R602 and addition
Device lift die block connection, the tie point of the resistance R603 and resistance R602 are connected by electric capacity C604 and amplifier A601 output end
Connecing, amplifier A601 input in the same direction is grounded by electric capacity C605, and amplifier A601 inverting input is grounded by resistance R606,
Also it is connected by resistance R607 with amplifier A601 output end, amplifier A601 output end is used to connect with the 2nd ADC sampling channels
Connect.
The sample frequency of the first ADC sampling channels uses 20MHz/s, the sampling frequency of the 2nd ADC sampling channels
Rate uses 40Hz/s.
The FPGA processing modules use chip EP4CE6.
The present invention is based on beneficial effect possessed by its technical scheme：
(1) a kind of Lightning Warning method provided by the invention and speed antenna integral type electric field change measuring instrument, are abandoned
Traditional atmospheric electric field measurement must measure the mode of fast antenna and slow antenna quantity of electric charge changeization simultaneously, but only be entered with common antenna
Row measurement, subsequent treatment is then carried out by the signal obtained to antenna quantity of electric charge changeization, after voltage amplification and booster voltage circuit,
Signal is divided into two-way, after the first via is by low-pass filter circuit, for stating the slow change of electric field；Second tunnel is through high-pass filtering
After circuit, for stating the fast change of electric field, then low frequency and high-frequency signal are adopted respectively using two-way ADC sampling channels
Sample, then make integrated treatment to signal by FPGA processing modules and obtain warning data, equipment can be simplified；Simultaneously because directly against
The signal measured simultaneously carries out subsequent treatment, can lift the efficiency and accuracy rate of Lightning Warning；
(2) a kind of Lightning Warning method provided by the invention and speed antenna integral type electric field change measuring instrument, with passing through
The mode of two slave antennas (speed antenna) measurement is compared, and it is difficult that the fast of electric field, slow-changing signals are real that can overcome two slave antennas
When be mapped, it is impossible to the defects of fast, the slow delta data of electric field is combined processing in real time well, but realize one
Fast, the slow-changing signals of electric field are handled simultaneously in individual equipment, improve the efficiency of data processing；And can be well by electricity
Fast, the slow delta data of field is combined, and improves the accuracy rate of Lightning Warning.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the module diagram of speed antenna integral type electric field change measuring instrument of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the circuit theory diagrams of charge-sensitive pre-amplifying module in Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is the circuit theory diagrams of voltage amplifier circuit module in Fig. 1.
Fig. 4 is the circuit theory diagrams of adder lift die block in Fig. 1.
Fig. 5 is the circuit theory diagrams of high-pass filtering module in Fig. 1.
Fig. 6 is the circuit theory diagrams of low-pass filtering module in Fig. 1.
Fig. 7 is the slow delta data schematic diagram of electric field.
Fig. 8 is the fast delta data schematic diagram of electric field.
Fig. 9 is one-level alarm signal schematic diagram.
Figure 10 is secondary alarm signal schematic representation.
Figure 11 is three-level alarm signal schematic diagram.
Embodiment
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
The invention provides a kind of Lightning Warning method, comprise the following steps：
(1) antenna measurement atmospheric electric field is utilized, the charge inducing amount change on antenna is measured, quantity of electric charge change is converted into
Voltage signal；
(2) voltage amplification and lifting are carried out to voltage signal, voltage signal is reached requirement level；
(3) analog signal by voltage amplification and lifting is divided into two-way, first via analog signal passes through LPF
Low frequency signal is formed after circuit, for stating the slow change of electric field；Second tunnel analog signal forms high frequency after high-pass filtering
Signal, for stating the fast change of electric field；
(4) low frequency signal and high-frequency signal are sampled respectively；
(5) low frequency signal after sampling and high-frequency signal are handled by FPGA processing modules, draws warning data.
The frequency of step (3) described low frequency signal is 0.25Hz to 20Hz, and the frequency of high-frequency signal is 50KHz to 5MHz.
Invention also provides a kind of speed antenna integral type electric field change measurement based on above-mentioned Lightning Warning method
Instrument, reference picture 1, including be sequentially connected electrically antenna, charge sensitive amplifier module, voltage amplifier circuit module and add
Musical instruments used in a Buddhist or Taoist mass lifting module, the output end of the adder lifting module are electrically connected with high-pass filtering module and low-pass filtering module respectively
Connect, the high-pass filtering module is connected by the first ADC sampling channels with FPGA processing modules, and low-pass filtering module passes through second
ADC sampling channels are connected with the FPGA processing modules.
As shown in Fig. 2 the charge sensitive amplifier includes the amplifier being connected by inverting input with antenna
A201, amplifier A201 in-phase input end ground connection, after electric capacity C202 and resistance R2 parallel connections two sections it is anti-phase with amplifier A201 respectively
Input connects with output end, and amplifier A201 output end is used to be connected with voltage amplifier circuit module.Induced electricity on antenna
The change of lotus amount is detected by charge-sensitive pre-amplifying module, and charge signal is converted into voltage signal, frequency response from
0.25Hz to 5MHz.Amplifier A201 selects AD8065, ultralow input bias current 1pA in charge-sensitive pre-amplifying module ,-
Three dB bandwidth 145MHz, slew rate 180V/ μ s；Feedback capacity C202 selects 40nf, and connecting resistance R203 selects 100M Ω, time
Constant RC=4s, maximum upper limit frequency is up to 5MHz.
As shown in figure 3, the voltage amplifier circuit module is included by input in the same direction and the preposition amplification electricity of charge-sensitive
The amplifier A301 of road module connection, amplifier A301 inverting input are grounded by resistance R305, and potentiometer R303 fixation is touched
Point and movable contact are connected with amplifier A301 inverting input and output end respectively, and amplifier A301 output end is with amplifier A302's
Input connection in the same direction, amplifier A302 inverting input are grounded by resistance R306, potentiometer R304 fixed contact and dynamic
Contact is connected with amplifier A302 inverting input and output end respectively, and amplifier A302 output end is used to lift pressing mold with adder
Block connects.Voltage amplifier circuit module uses two stage amplifer Cascaded amplification, is set to 10 per one-level gain amplifier, Cascaded amplification multiple
Totally 100 times.Amplifier A301 and amplifier A302 selects MAX477 ,-three dB bandwidth 300MHz, slew rate 1100V/ μ s；Potentiometer R303
50K potentiometers are selected with potentiometer R304, resistance R305 and resistance R306 select 1K resistance.
As shown in figure 4, the adder lift die block includes amplifier A401, its in-phase input end passes through resistance R404 and electricity
Amplification circuit module connection is pressed, its inverting input is grounded by resistance R403, and potentiometer R407 one end ground connection, the other end leads to
Resistance R405 access amplifiers A401 in-phase input end is crossed, is also connected by resistance R406 with dc source DC408 positive pole, electricity
Resistance R402 both ends are connected to amplifier A402 inverting input and output end, and amplifier A402 is used for and high-pass filtering module
Connected with low-pass filtering module.Adder lift die block adds reference voltage 1.65V, and amplifier A401 selects MAX477, resistance
R402, resistance R403, resistance R404, resistance R405, resistance R406 select 10K resistance, and potentiometer R407 selects 100K potentiometers,
1.65V reference voltage is provided by adjusting potentiometer partial pressure.
As shown in figure 5, the high-pass filtering module includes amplifier A501, its inverting input is grounded by resistance R507,
Also it is connected by resistance R506 with input, amplifier A501 in-phase input end is grounded by resistance R505, also passes through electric capacity
C503 and electric capacity C502 is connected with adder lift die block, and the tie point of the electric capacity C503 and electric capacity C502 pass through electric capacity 504
It is connected with amplifier A501 output end, the output end of the amplifier A501 is used to be connected with the first ADC sampling channels.High-pass filtering
Module uses second order active high-pass filtering circuit, and cut-off frequency is set to 50KHz, and amplifier A501 selects MAX477, electric capacity C502, electricity
Hold C503 and select 1nF, resistance R504, resistance R505 select 20K Ω, and resistance R506, resistance R507 select 10K Ω.
As shown in fig. 6, the low-pass filtering module includes amplifier A601, its in-phase input end passes through resistance R603 and resistance
R602 is connected with adder lift die block, and the tie point of the resistance R603 and resistance R602 pass through electric capacity C604 and amplifier A601
Output end connection, amplifier A601 input in the same direction is grounded by electric capacity C605, and amplifier A601 inverting input passes through electricity
R606 ground connection is hindered, is also connected by resistance R607 with amplifier A601 output end, amplifier A601 output end is used for and the 2nd ADC
Sampling channel connects.Low-pass filtering module uses second order active low-pass filter circuit, and cut-off frequency is set to 20Hz, amplifier A601 choosings
100K Ω are selected with opa602, resistance R602, resistance R603, electric capacity C604, electric capacity C605 select 500nF, resistance R606, resistance
R607 selects 10K Ω.
The sample frequency of the first ADC sampling channels uses 20MHz/s, the sampling frequency of the 2nd ADC sampling channels
Rate uses 40Hz/s.First ADC sampling channels and the 2nd ADC sampling channels sample to high and low frequency signal respectively, ADC cores
Piece selects AD9280,8bit, 32MSPS analog-digital converter.
The FPGA processing modules use chip EP4CE6, are mainly used to the acquisition process to data and transmission.Specific number
It is according to processing method：Three-level alarm threshold value h1, h2, h3 are set to the high frequency delta data H (i.e. fast change) of electric field；Simultaneously to electricity
The low frequency variations data (i.e. slow change) of field make framing integration S and take the processing for taking super bottom to make an uproar data amount check N in frame, and to S and N
It is same that three-level alarm threshold value s1, s2, s3 and n1, n2, n3 are set.Work as H>H1 and S>S1 and N>One-level lightening alarm letter is sent during n1
Number, work as H>H2 and S>S2 and N>Two level lightening alarm signal is sent during n2, works as H>H3 and S>S3 and N>Three-level thunder and lightning is sent during n3
Alarm signal.By dividing three, Wuhan Hongshan District, 200 sample datas of test point (containing 20 thunder and lightning environmental samples data)
Analysis, the slow delta data figure of electric field that Fig. 7 is shown once in typical Thundercloud, Fig. 8 show fast delta data figure, Fig. 9 institutes
One-level lightening alarm signal graph is shown as, Figure 10 show two level lightening alarm signal graph, and Figure 11 show three-level lightening alarm letter
Number figure.Draw a conclusion：One-level lightening alarm signal can send alarm signal, but rate of false alarm before thunder and lightning generation during about 15min
Higher, accuracy rate about 48% of alarming, two level lightening alarm signal can send alarm signal before thunder and lightning generation during about 6min, report
Alert rate of accuracy reached 61.4%, three-level alarm signal mainly send alarm signal in thunderstorm generating process, and accuracy rate is reachable
77.1%.
Claims (10)
- A kind of 1. Lightning Warning method, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：(1) antenna measurement atmospheric electric field is utilized, measures the charge inducing amount change on antenna, quantity of electric charge change is converted into voltage Signal；(2) voltage amplification and lifting are carried out to voltage signal；(3) analog signal by voltage amplification and lifting is divided into two-way, first via analog signal passes through low-pass filter circuit After form low frequency signal, for stating the slow change of electric field；Second tunnel analog signal forms high-frequency signal after high-pass filtering, For stating the fast change of electric field；(4) low frequency signal and high-frequency signal are sampled respectively；(5) low frequency signal after sampling and high-frequency signal are handled by FPGA processing modules, draws warning data.
- 2. Lightning Warning method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The frequency of step (3) described low frequency signal is 0.25Hz to 20Hz, the frequency of high-frequency signal is 50KHz to 5MHz.
- 3. a kind of speed antenna integral type electric field change measuring instrument based on Lightning Warning method described in claim 1, its feature It is：Including antenna, charge sensitive amplifier module, voltage amplifier circuit module and the adder lift being sequentially connected electrically Rising mould block, the output end of the adder lifting module electrically connects with high-pass filtering module and low-pass filtering module respectively, described High-pass filtering module is connected by the first ADC sampling channels with FPGA processing modules, and low-pass filtering module is sampled by the 2nd ADC Passage is connected with the FPGA processing modules.
- 4. speed antenna integral type electric field change measuring instrument according to claim 3, it is characterised in that：The charge-sensitive Pre-amplification circuit includes the amplifier A201 being connected by inverting input with antenna, and amplifier A201 in-phase input end is grounded, Two sections are connected with amplifier A201 inverting input and output end respectively after electric capacity C202 and resistance R2 parallel connections, and amplifier A201's is defeated Go out end to be used to be connected with voltage amplifier circuit module.
- 5. speed antenna integral type electric field change measuring instrument according to claim 3, it is characterised in that：The voltage amplification Circuit module includes the amplifier A301 being connected by input in the same direction with charge sensitive amplifier module, amplifier A301's Inverting input is grounded by resistance R305, and potentiometer R303 fixed contact and movable contact is anti-phase defeated with amplifier A301 respectively Enter end to connect with output end, amplifier A301 output end is connected with amplifier A302 input in the same direction, and amplifier A302's is anti-phase defeated Enter end to be grounded by resistance R306, potentiometer R304 fixed contact and movable contact respectively with amplifier A302 inverting input and Output end connects, and amplifier A302 output end is used to be connected with adder lift die block.
- 6. speed antenna integral type electric field change measuring instrument according to claim 3, it is characterised in that：The adder lift Die block includes amplifier A401, and its in-phase input end is connected by resistance R404 with voltage amplifier circuit module, its anti-phase input End is grounded by resistance R403, and potentiometer R407 one end ground connection, the other end accesses amplifier A401 same phase by resistance R405 Input, also it is connected by resistance R406 with dc source DC408 positive pole, resistance R402 both ends are connected to amplifier A402 inverting input and output end, amplifier A402 are used to be connected with high-pass filtering module and low-pass filtering module.
- 7. speed antenna integral type electric field change measuring instrument according to claim 3, it is characterised in that：The high-pass filtering Module includes amplifier A501, and its inverting input is grounded by resistance R507, is also connected by resistance R506 with input, amplifier A501 in-phase input end is grounded by resistance R505, and also lifting die block by electric capacity C503 and electric capacity C502 and adder connects Connect, the tie point of the electric capacity C503 and electric capacity C502 are connected by electric capacity 504 with amplifier A501 output end, the amplifier A501 output end is used to be connected with the first ADC sampling channels.
- 8. speed antenna integral type electric field change measuring instrument according to claim 3, it is characterised in that：The LPF Module includes amplifier A601, and its in-phase input end is lifted die block with adder by resistance R603 and resistance R602 and is connected, described Resistance R603 and resistance R602 tie point are connected by electric capacity C604 with amplifier A601 output end, and amplifier A601's is in the same direction defeated Enter end to be grounded by electric capacity C605, amplifier A601 inverting input is grounded by resistance R606, also passes through resistance R607 and fortune A601 output end connection is put, amplifier A601 output end is used to be connected with the 2nd ADC sampling channels.
- 9. speed antenna integral type electric field change measuring instrument according to claim 3, it is characterised in that：First ADC The sample frequency of sampling channel uses 20MHz/s, and the sample frequency of the 2nd ADC sampling channels uses 40Hz/s.
- 10. speed antenna integral type electric field change measuring instrument according to claim 3, it is characterised in that：At the FPGA Reason module uses chip EP4CE6.
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Cited By (5)
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| CN108534893B (en) * | 2018-04-04 | 2023-12-15 | 西安工业大学 | Photoelectric detection circuit for optical heterodyne detection |
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