CN103988772A - 一种高消化率高丹草杂交种的培育方法 - Google Patents

一种高消化率高丹草杂交种的培育方法 Download PDF

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CN103988772A
CN103988772A CN201310480562.6A CN201310480562A CN103988772A CN 103988772 A CN103988772 A CN 103988772A CN 201310480562 A CN201310480562 A CN 201310480562A CN 103988772 A CN103988772 A CN 103988772A
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sorghum
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CN103988772B (zh
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李杰勤
王丽华
詹秋文
林平
陆景标
刘井良
李万祥
卢杰
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Anhui University of Science and Technology
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种高消化率高丹草杂交种的培育方法。首先采用肉桂醛含量测定的方法从褐色中脉的高粱中选择中脉褐色深即高消化率的高粱,然后采用回交转育的方法将肉桂醛含量高,即中脉褐色深,消化率高的基因从高粱中转育到苏丹草中。将高消化率的高粱品系与高消化率的苏丹草杂交,即得高消化率的褐色中脉的高丹草杂交种。

Description

一种高消化率高丹草杂交种的培育方法
技术领域
本发明属于农作物良种培育技术,具体地说是一种高消化率高丹草杂交种的选育方法。
背景技术
高丹草是高粱与苏丹草的杂交种,它是一种以利用茎叶为主的一年生禾本科牧草。它的双亲为高粱属的不同种,亲缘关系有一定距离,但无生殖隔离,可以自由授粉并产生正常发育的后代。高丹草结合了双亲的优点,既有高粱的抗旱、耐涝、耐盐碱等特性,又有苏丹草的高度适应性、很强的再生性和极强的抗旱能力等优良特性,表现出了显著的种间杂种优势。同时,它也存在干物质可消化率低的缺点。
高粱褐色中脉是一种叶脉和茎杆木质部呈现棕灰或棕褐色的隐性突变体。这种突变体与普通的白色中脉高丹草相比,其难以消化的木质素含量降低了40%-60%,消化率大幅度提高,适口性明显改善,各种放牧家畜特别喜食,同样的饲喂量可获得更高的经济效益。研究表明,褐色中脉的颜色深浅与消化率成正相关,即颜色越深消化率越高。但直接观察比较时受高丹草不同品种遗传背景的影响,中脉褐色的深浅程度往往难以比较。因此,需要一种科学的方法进行测定。本发明解决了这个问题。高粱中脉的褐色是肉桂醛引起的,肉桂醛含量高,高丹草中脉的褐色就深,消化率就高。将高粱肉桂醛含量的测定方法应用于高消化率饲用高丹草的良种培育,可使研究的内容、进展实现定量和精准。
畜牧业的消化率研究是一项十分复杂的工作,不但要饲养动物,每日要计量饲料的投入,还要收集、分析动物的排泄物。如果用这种方法来选育高消化率的高丹草,工作量之浩大,令人生畏。用肉桂醛含量为指标选育高消化率的饲用高丹草品种,操作简单方便,结果定量、精准,效果更好。
发明内容
本发明的目的是将高粱肉桂醛色素的测定方法用于培育高产、高消化率的高丹草杂交种。 
本发明的基本思路:目前的高丹草为普通高粱与普通苏丹草的杂交种,两者杂交具有较强的杂种优势,但杂交种的消化率较低。而褐色中脉高粱的消化率较高,我们首先在高消化率,即褐色中脉、肉桂醛含量高的高粱中选择消化率最高的品系,然后将其高消化率的遗传性状回交转育到普通苏丹草中,形成高消化率,即褐色中脉、肉桂醛含量高的苏丹草新品系。将高消化率的高粱与高消化率苏丹草进行杂交,即得高消化率的高丹草。
本发明的具体做法是这样的:
1. 一种高消化率高丹草杂交种的培育方法,其特征在于,它包括以下步骤:
(1)选择高消化率的高粱亲本:
① 当褐色中脉高粱苗高1米左右,于叶脉处取样;
② 取1 g左右的新鲜中脉剪切成1 cm左右的小段,置于50 mL离心管中;
③ 向离心管中加入10 mL浓度为1 mol/L的NaOH溶液;
④ 将离心管置于摇床上,转速200 rpm,常温振荡48小时,至中脉颜色发白,提取完成;
⑤ 以1 mol/L的NaOH溶液为对照,用紫外分光光度计在330 nm的波长下测定提取液的吸光度;
⑥ 选取吸光度值高(即肉桂醛含量高,消化率高)的高粱作为杂交育种的亲本;
(2)选育高消化率苏丹草:
① 将苏丹草与高消化率高粱杂交;
② 杂交后自交,在自交后代选择中脉肉桂醛含量高的单株与苏丹草回交;
③ 回交1次后自交,再在自交后代选择中脉肉桂醛含量高的单株与苏丹草回交;
④ 按步骤③再回交2次,每次回交后都需要自交;
⑤ 最后再自交一次,即获得高消化率的苏丹草,作为杂交育种的另一亲本;
(3)将高消化率苏丹草与高消化率高粱杂交,即得高消化率的褐色中脉高丹草杂交种。
本发明的优点:
1. 利用分析化学手段测定,与直接观察褐色中脉相比,可以使研究工作的进程和结果由定性变成定量,而且准确可靠。
2. 利用肉桂醛含量指标选育高消化率高粱品种,工作量较小,操作简单易行,事半功倍,以简驭繁,费省效宏。
具体实施方式
实施例1 . 选育高产、消化率高的高丹草品种:
其步骤如下:
1. 选择高消化率的高粱亲本:
①当褐色中脉高粱苗高1米左右,于叶脉处取样;
② 取1 g左右的新鲜中脉剪切成1 cm左右的小段,置于50 mL离心管中;
③ 向离心管中加入10 mL浓度为1 mol/L的NaOH溶液;
④ 将离心管置于摇床上,转速200 rpm,常温震荡48小时,至中脉颜色发白,提取完成;
⑤ 以1 mol/L的NaOH溶液为对照,用紫外分光光度计在330 nm的波长下测定提取液的吸光度;
⑥ 选取吸光度值大(即肉桂醛含量高,消化率高)的高粱作为杂交育种的亲本。
2. 选育高消化率苏丹草:
① 将苏丹草与高消化率高粱杂交;
② 杂交后自交,在自交后代选择中脉肉桂醛含量高的单株与苏丹草回交;
③ 回交1次后自交,再在自交后代选择中脉肉桂醛含量高的单株与苏丹草回交;
④ 按步骤③再回交2次,每次回交后都需要自交;
⑤ 最后再自交一次,即获得转入高消化率性状的苏丹草,作为杂交育种的另一亲本。
3. 将高消化率苏丹草与高消化率高粱杂交,即得高消化率的褐色中脉高丹草杂交种。

Claims (1)

1. 一种高消化率高丹草杂交种的培育方法,其特征在于,它包括以下步骤:
(1)选择高消化率的高粱亲本:
① 当褐色中脉高粱苗高1米左右,于叶脉处取样;
② 取1 g左右的新鲜中脉剪切成1 cm左右的小段,置于50 mL离心管中;
③ 向离心管中加入10 mL浓度为1 mol/L的NaOH溶液;
④ 将离心管置于摇床上,转速200 rpm,常温振荡48小时,至中脉颜色发白,提取完成;
⑤ 以1 mol/L的NaOH溶液为对照,用紫外分光光度计在330 nm的波长下测定提取液的吸光度;
⑥ 选取吸光度值高(即肉桂醛含量高,消化率高)的高粱作为杂交育种的亲本;
(2)选育高消化率苏丹草:
① 将苏丹草与高消化率高粱杂交;
② 杂交后自交,在自交后代选择中脉肉桂醛含量高的单株与苏丹草回交;
③ 回交1次后自交,再在自交后代选择中脉肉桂醛含量高的单株与苏丹草回交;
④ 按步骤③再回交2次,每次回交后都需要自交;
⑤ 最后再自交一次,即获得高消化率的苏丹草,作为杂交育种的另一亲本;
(3)将高消化率苏丹草与高消化率高粱杂交,获得高消化率的褐色中脉高丹草杂交种。
CN201310480562.6A 2012-08-22 2012-08-22 一种高消化率高丹草杂交种的培育方法 Expired - Fee Related CN103988772B (zh)

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