CN103984840B - Modeling method of concentrating solar photovoltaic power generation system - Google Patents
Modeling method of concentrating solar photovoltaic power generation system Download PDFInfo
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- CN103984840B CN103984840B CN201410246513.0A CN201410246513A CN103984840B CN 103984840 B CN103984840 B CN 103984840B CN 201410246513 A CN201410246513 A CN 201410246513A CN 103984840 B CN103984840 B CN 103984840B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a modeling method of a concentrating solar photovoltaic power generation system. The modeling method comprises the steps that (1) a concentrating optical model is established according to practical application, and a radiation spectrum received on the surface of a multi-junction cell is obtained; (2) an equivalent circuit model of the multi-junction cell is established, and unknown parameters in the circuit model are fitted according to a measured I-V curve; (3) all junction material parameters of the multi-junction cell and the surface radiation spectrum data of the cell are used for calculating the short circuit currents of all junction sub cells, and the short circuit currents are substituted into the circuit model to calculate the open circuit voltage and the maximum output power of the multi-junction cell and system; (4) the input DNI spectroscopic data of the optical model are used for calculating the input luminous power of the system, the maximum output power and the input optical power of the system are used for calculating the system efficiency, and the system generating capacity is effectively estimated. According to the modeling method of the concentrating solar photovoltaic power generation system, the variation tendency of the performance of the concentrating solar photovoltaic power generation system along with the temperature variation can be effectively estimated, and meanwhile important theoretical guide significance is achieved to improving the device and system performance.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to solar photovoltaic technology field and in particular to tie stacked solar cell to a kind of based on more
Concentrating solar photovoltaic generating system modeling method.
Background technology
There is low energy consumption, low cost, the high efficiency optical collection type photovoltaic power generation technology of low stain feature are becoming photovoltaic technology
One Main way of development, compared with traditional crystal silicon photovoltaic generation technology, light-focusing type photovoltaic technology electricity conversion can
Double.High efficiency optical collection type photovoltaic power generation technology be capable of low energy consumption, low cost the reason mainly include two aspects that first,
Photovoltaic material required for concentration photovoltaic system greatly reduces, the material such as glass, high-molecular organic material for optically focused or
Iron sheet, aluminium flake are all easier production than crystal silicon material, 2 orders of magnitude of low cost；Secondly, under the conditions of high power concentrator, can adopt
Tying photovoltaic material high-tech, many pn-junction photovoltaic material can the more fully amount of absorbing solar energy more.High power concentrator, tie photovoltaic more
Material is the technology really embodying the powerful power of high-tech, once entering large-scale application, high power concentrator cost of electricity-generating can be low
In nuclear power and thermoelectricity cost of electricity-generating.
Concentrating solar photovoltaic generating technology generally using stacking-compounds of group solaodes of tying as it more
Electric core devices, this battery has high photoelectric transformation efficiency, and four junction battery efficiency of latest report have reached 44.7%.
General solaode is all to be prepared from as active layer by homogenous material, can only absorb the sunlight of specific band scope,
Therefore battery conversion efficiency is relatively limited.And multijunction solar cell presses band gap width by the sub- battery of different bandgap semiconductor materials
Descending be laminated from top to down, as shown in figure 1, each sub- battery be directed to different-waveband sunlight carry out selectivity suction
Receive, finally realize the broad absorption to sunlight, thus the photoelectric transformation efficiency of battery is greatly improved.In order to lift electricity further
Pond efficiency simultaneously reduces the cost of electricity-generating of multijunction solar cell, typically adopts optical processing system by vertical incidence solar light focusing
Photovoltaic conversion is carried out on multijunction cell, light concentrating times are up to 2000～3000 times.
Many knot stacked solar cell are typically made by mocvd semiconductor epitaxial process, mainly have two kinds at present
Method: one kind be based on Lattice Matching (lattice-mateched, lm) technology it is desirable to stacking often knot material and backing material
Realize Lattice Matching, this has very big restricted to the selection of material；Another kind of being based on deforms (metamorphic, mm) skill
Art, introduces graded buffer layer and solves the lattice mismatch issue between some pn-junction materials and backing material.No matter adopted which kind of side
Method, is all to be concatenated by tunnel diode between each pn-junction, and therefore its output current is subject to the pn-junction of minimum output current to be limited
System, being used in higher than the part limiting electric current of other pn-junction outputs is generated heat so that battery temperature rises rapidly, ultimately results in
Cell photoelectric conversion efficiency reduces.
In order to realize, to the optimization designs tying stacked solar cell, needing with reference to practical situation to its Erecting and improving more
Theoretical model, is analyzed to its performance using this model, and then seeks the approach optimizing.The property tying stacked solar cell more
Can be with factors phases such as direct sunlight spectrum, light concentrating times, focal beam spot uniformity, battery material, structure and environmental effects
Close it is therefore desirable to combining specific concentrating solar photovoltaic generating system schema, comprehensive many factors and being directed to practical application
Condition carries out theory analysis to the correlation properties in multijunction cell, seeks improvement project, thus improve concentrating solar photovoltaic sending out
The efficiency of electric system and reliability.
Denomination of invention
The purpose of the present invention is that offer is a kind of and ties stacked solar cell and concentrating solar photovoltaic generating for more
Systems Theory analysis method, considers many-sided practical factor and its various aspects of performance is analyzed comprehensively, finally for battery
And the optimizing design scheme of system provides theoretical foundation.
The technical solution used in the present invention is: a kind of modeling method of concentrating solar photovoltaic generating system, its feature
It is, comprise the following steps:
Step 1: model is set up to light-gathering optics processing system, global direct projection reference spectra data is imported in model too
Sunlight source, is rationally arranged the amount of light of solar source, is obtained in concentrating solar photovoltaic generating system by ray tracing
The spectroscopic data of multijunction cell receiving surface and light distribution；
Step 2: set up equivalent-circuit model for single multijunction cell used in concentrating solar photovoltaic generating system,
Using light concentrating times c and battery operating temperature t as its input variable, single using actual measurement tie this equivalent-circuit model more
Battery i-v curve is fitted to the unknown parameter in its equivalent-circuit model, extract actual parameter value, these parameter values for
C and t in relative broad range is all applicable；
Step 3: using external quantum efficiency data and the step of multijunction cell each knot battery under the specified temp of actual measurement
The irradiation spectroscopic data of the multijunction cell receiving surface obtaining in rapid 1 calculates the short circuit current i of each knot of multijunction cellsci, wherein,
Sc is the abbreviation of short circuit, and i is multijunction cell pn-junction sequence number, i=1,2 ..., n, and obtain as input data substitution step 2
The equivalent-circuit model arriving, calculates open-circuit voltage and the peak power output of single multijunction cell, and then according to Photospot solar
The series connection of each multijunction cell in photovoltaic generating system and the situation that is connected in parallel calculate in concentrating solar photovoltaic generating system
Open-circuit voltage and peak power output pomax；
Step 4: calculate the input optical power p in concentrating solar photovoltaic generating system using global direct projection spectroscopic datain,
And it is calculated the system effectiveness of concentrating solar photovoltaic generating systemWith system generated energy ∫ pin(t)dt.
Preferably, model is set up to light-gathering optics processing system described in step 1, it is using zemax optical software
Model is set up to light-gathering optics processing system.
Preferably, the solar source importing global direct projection spectroscopic data in model described in step 1, it is by the U.S.
The am1.5d astm g173-03 whole world direct projection reference spectra data that the official website of National Renewable Energy Laboratory promulgates is led
Enter the solar source in model.
Preferably, the amount of light of the reasonable setting solar source described in step 1, rationally the evaluation criterion of setting is
Should guarantee that the result obtaining is accurate, guarantee that the time of each trace is the shortest again, when amount of light is more, result is more accurate, light
When line number amount is fewer, the trace time is shorter, therefore will find suitable amount of light.
Preferably, described in step 2 for single multijunction cell used in concentrating solar photovoltaic generating system
Set up equivalent-circuit model, be to be directed to list used in concentrating solar photovoltaic generating system using pspice circuit simulating software
Individual multijunction cell sets up equivalent-circuit model.
The present invention can be modeled and performance simulation to whole concentrating solar photovoltaic generating system, finally gives system
Generating efficiency and generated energy.In addition, the method can be many knot stacked solar cell and concentrating solar power generation system
Early stage design provides theoretical foundation.
According to the method for the invention, spectral characteristic and the light intensity data on multijunction cell surface can be obtained, this will help
Respectively tie the selection of material and the design of system structure in multijunction cell, optimize the spectral response of each knot battery, in multijunction cell
Realize while wide range receives so that the short circuit current of each knot battery can mate as far as possible.
Brief description
Fig. 1: be many knots stacked solar cell principle schematic of prior art of the present invention；
Fig. 2: be the modeling procedure figure of the present invention；
Fig. 3: be the concentrating solar photovoltaic generating model of element based on three knot layer-built batteries of the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 4: be the concentrating solar photovoltaic generating unit ray tracing effect of three knot layer-built batteries of the embodiment of the present invention
Figure；
The input spectrum data (am1.5d astm g173-03) of the optical model of Fig. 5: the embodiment of the present invention and by should
The irradiation spectroscopic data that after models treated, three junction battery surfaces receive；
Fig. 6: be three knot stacked solar cell equivalent-circuit model schematic diagrams of the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 7: be the gainp/gainas/ge tri- knot layer-built battery i-v curve-fitting results of the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 8: be the meter of gainp/gainas/ge tri- knot layer-built battery each knot battery short circuit electric current of the embodiment of the present invention
Calculate result；
Fig. 9-1: be the model of the utilization present invention and the calculated Photospot solar of relevant parameter of the embodiment of the present invention
Photovoltaic generating system open-circuit voltage is with the change curve of battery temperature；
Fig. 9-2: be the model of the utilization present invention and the calculated Photospot solar of relevant parameter of the embodiment of the present invention
Photovoltaic generating system peak power output is with the change curve of battery temperature；
Fig. 9-3: be the model of the utilization present invention and the calculated Photospot solar of relevant parameter of the embodiment of the present invention
Photovoltaic generating system efficiency is with the change curve of battery temperature.
Specific embodiment
Understand for the ease of those of ordinary skill in the art and implement the present invention, below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiment is to this
Bright be described in further detail it will be appreciated that described herein enforcement example be merely to illustrate and explain the present invention, not
For limiting the present invention.
Ask for an interview Fig. 2, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is: a kind of modeling side of concentrating solar photovoltaic generating system
Method, comprises the following steps:
Step 1: using zemax optical software, model is set up to light-gathering optics processing system, by National Renewable energy
The am1.5d astm g173-03 whole world direct projection spectroscopic data that the official website of source laboratory promulgates imports the sunlight in model
Source, is rationally arranged the amount of light of solar source, is obtained the many knots in concentrating solar photovoltaic generating system by ray tracing
The spectroscopic data on battery receptacle surface and light distribution；The evaluation criterion of wherein rationally setting is to guarantee that the result obtaining is accurate
Really and can not allow the overlong time that each trace expends, when amount of light is more, result is more accurate, trace when amount of light is fewer
Time is shorter, therefore will find suitable amount of light.
Step 2: be directed to used single many in concentrating solar photovoltaic generating system using pspice circuit simulating software
Junction battery sets up equivalent-circuit model, and this equivalent-circuit model is become using light concentrating times c and battery operating temperature t as its input
Amount, the single multijunction cell i-v curve using actual measurement is fitted to the unknown parameter in its equivalent-circuit model, extracts
Actual parameter value, these parameter values are all applicable for c and t in relative broad range；
Step 3: using external quantum efficiency data and the step of multijunction cell each knot battery under the specified temp of actual measurement
The irradiation spectroscopic data of the multijunction cell receiving surface obtaining in rapid 1 calculates the short circuit current i of each knot of multijunction cellsciWherein, sc
It is the abbreviation of short-circuit (short circuit), i is multijunction cell pn-junction sequence number, i=1,2 ..., n, and as input number
According to substituting into the equivalent-circuit model that step 2 obtains, calculate open-circuit voltage and the peak power output of single multijunction cell, Jin Ergen
Series connection and the situation that is connected in parallel according to each multijunction cell in concentrating solar photovoltaic generating system calculate Photospot solar light
Open-circuit voltage in photovoltaic generating system and peak power output pomax；
Step 4: calculate the input optical power p in concentrating solar photovoltaic generating system using global direct projection spectroscopic datain,
And it is calculated the system effectiveness of concentrating solar photovoltaic generating systemWith system generated energy ∫ pin(t)dt.
Ask for an interview Fig. 3, be the concentrating solar photovoltaic generating model of element based on three knot layer-built batteries of the embodiment of the present invention；
Vertical incidence sunlight passes through glass 1 and sog Fresnel Lenses 2 enters light focusing unit, direct through the light of Fresnel Lenses
Coalescence can focus in lens focus position, and through glass incident light, phenanthrene is reflexed to further by parabolic mirror 3
The focal point of Nie Er lens.All light converging at lens focus carry out dodging through secondary optics unit 4, and then
Incide the battery surface on three junction battery assemblies 5, simultaneously the ceramic copper-clad of heat sink 6 with radiating fin and three junction battery assemblies
Substrates into intimate contacts, by the operating temperature of heat sink 6 control batteries；Its ray tracing effect asks for an interview Fig. 4, and vertical incidence light leads to
Cross Fresnel Lenses and parabolic reflective minute surface is assembled effectively, and then incide battery table through secondary even light unit process
Face.
Ask for an interview Fig. 5, be the optical model of the embodiment of the present invention input spectrum data (am1.5d astm g173-03) and
The irradiation spectroscopic data being received by three junction battery surfaces after this models treated, light-gathering optics processing system is to incident dni spoke
According to the impact of data, this impact is not only embodied in total light intensity, is also embodied in the change of spectral characteristic.
Ask for an interview Fig. 6, be three knot stacked solar cell equivalent-circuit model schematic diagrams of the embodiment of the present invention；The present embodiment
With each knot battery in equivalent three junction batteries of double diode model, three junction batteries are equivalent to being connected in series of three sub- batteries.
Here rs1-rs3 is respectively the series resistance of three sub- batteries, for characterizing the series loss in each knot battery.rsh1-
Rsh3 is respectively the parallel resistance of three sub- batteries, for characterizing the reverse leakage current in each knot battery.Diode d11
D31 is respectively intended to characterize the carrier recombination mechanism of neutral area in three sub- batteries, and diode d12 d32 is respectively intended to characterize
The carrier recombination mechanism of depletion region and frontier district in three sub- batteries.
Ask for an interview Fig. 7, be the gainp/gainas/ge tri- knot layer-built battery i-v curve-fitting results of the embodiment of the present invention；Profit
With the three junction battery i-v data (the discrete square of in figure) of actual measurement, circuit model parameters are fitted, the solid line of in figure is
The i-v curve of matching, fit procedure adopts l-m optimized algorithm；Matched curve is at a relatively high with the measurement data goodness of fit, provable mould
The effectiveness of shape parameter.
Ask for an interview Fig. 8, be gainp/gainas/ge tri- knot layer-built battery each knot battery short circuit electric current of the embodiment of the present invention
Result of calculation；The present embodiment provides each knot calculating under specified conditions (light concentrating times: 500, battery temperature: 29 DEG C)
The short circuit current of battery.Temperature coefficient using the result of calculation in Fig. 8 and each knot material can obtain under other temperature conditionss
The short circuit current of each knot battery, and the input variable as circuit model.
Ask for an interview Fig. 9-1, be that the embodiment of the present invention utilizes the model of the present invention and the relevant parameter calculated optically focused sun
Energy photovoltaic generating system open-circuit voltage is with the change curve of battery temperature；Ask for an interview Fig. 9-2, be that the embodiment of the present invention utilizes the present invention
Model and relevant parameter calculated concentrating solar photovoltaic generating system peak power output with battery temperature change
Curve；Ask for an interview Fig. 9-3, be that the embodiment of the present invention utilizes the model of the present invention and relevant parameter calculated Photospot solar light
Photovoltaic generating system efficiency is with the change curve of battery temperature.Described physical quantity variation with temperature curve in light concentrating times is all
It is calculated under conditions of 500.The open-circuit voltage of system, peak power output, system effectiveness are respectively provided with negative temperature coefficient, that is, with
The rising of temperature, systematic function can progressively deteriorate.
It should be appreciated that the part that this specification does not elaborate belongs to prior art.
It should be appreciated that the above-mentioned description for preferred embodiment is more detailed, can not therefore be considered to this
The restriction of invention patent protection scope, those of ordinary skill in the art, under the enlightenment of the present invention, is weighing without departing from the present invention
Profit requires under protected ambit, can also make replacement or deform, each fall within protection scope of the present invention, this
Bright scope is claimed should be defined by claims.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of modeling method of concentrating solar photovoltaic generating system is it is characterised in that comprise the following steps:
Step 1: model is set up to light-gathering optics processing system, global direct projection reference spectra data is imported the sunlight in model
Source, is rationally arranged the amount of light of solar source, is obtained the many knots in concentrating solar photovoltaic generating system by ray tracing
The spectroscopic data on battery receptacle surface and light distribution；
The amount of light of described reasonable setting solar source, rationally the evaluation criterion of setting is to guarantee that the result obtaining is accurate
Really, guarantee that the time of each trace is the shortest again, when amount of light is more, result is more accurate, trace time when amount of light is fewer
Shorter, therefore to find suitable amount of light；
Step 2: set up equivalent-circuit model for single multijunction cell used in concentrating solar photovoltaic generating system, this etc.
Effect circuit model is using light concentrating times c and battery operating temperature t as its input variable, the single multijunction cell being measured using reality
I-v curve is fitted to the unknown parameter in its equivalent-circuit model, extracts actual parameter value, these parameter values are for wider
In the range of c and t all applicable；
Step 3: in the external quantum efficiency data and step 1 using multijunction cell each knot battery under the specified temp of actual measurement
The irradiation spectroscopic data of the multijunction cell receiving surface obtaining calculates the short circuit current i of each knot of multijunction cellsciWherein, sc is short
The abbreviation on road, i be multijunction cell pn-junction sequence number, i=1,2 ..., n, and as input data substitute into step 2 obtain etc.
Effect circuit model, calculates open-circuit voltage and the peak power output of single multijunction cell, and then is sent out according to concentrating solar photovoltaic
The series connection of each multijunction cell in electric system and the situation that is connected in parallel calculate the open circuit in concentrating solar photovoltaic generating system
Voltage and peak power output pomax；
Step 4: calculate the input optical power p in concentrating solar photovoltaic generating system using global direct projection spectroscopic datain, and count
Calculate the system effectiveness obtaining concentrating solar photovoltaic generating systemWith system generated energy ∫ pin(t)dt.
2. concentrating solar photovoltaic generating system according to claim 1 modeling method it is characterised in that: in step 1
Described sets up model to light-gathering optics processing system, is to set up mould using zemax optical software to light-gathering optics processing system
Type.
3. concentrating solar photovoltaic generating system according to claim 1 modeling method it is characterised in that: in step 1
The described solar source importing global direct projection spectroscopic data in model, is by the official of National Renewable Energy laboratory
The am1.5d astm g173-03 whole world direct projection reference spectra data that square website is promulgated imports the solar source in model.
4. concentrating solar photovoltaic generating system according to claim 1 modeling method it is characterised in that: in step 2
Described sets up equivalent-circuit model for single multijunction cell used in concentrating solar photovoltaic generating system, is to utilize
Pspice circuit simulating software is directed to single multijunction cell used in concentrating solar photovoltaic generating system and sets up equivalent circuit
Model.
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| CN105279310B (en) * | 2015-09-21 | 2018-03-02 | 湖北工业大学 | The Optimization Design of module distributed architecture in a kind of concentrating solar photovoltaic system |
| CN105760620A (en) * | 2016-03-16 | 2016-07-13 | 湖北工业大学 | Thermal runaway control method for parallel-connected concentrating solar energy cells |
| CN106372350B (en) * | 2016-09-12 | 2019-03-01 | 西安交通大学 | Assess the calculation method that two-dimentional condenser influences concentration photovoltaic system electrical property |
| CN106301221B (en) * | 2016-09-19 | 2018-09-28 | 华东师范大学 | Quantum efficiency of solar battery detection method and device based on Digital Micromirror Device |
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| JP2007003390A (en) * | 2005-06-24 | 2007-01-11 | National Institute Of Advanced Industrial & Technology | Photovoltaic power generation evaluation system |
| CN102968535A (en) * | 2012-11-29 | 2013-03-13 | 江苏大学 | Modeling method for engineering mathematical model of solar cell |
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| JP2007003390A (en) * | 2005-06-24 | 2007-01-11 | National Institute Of Advanced Industrial & Technology | Photovoltaic power generation evaluation system |
| CN102968535A (en) * | 2012-11-29 | 2013-03-13 | 江苏大学 | Modeling method for engineering mathematical model of solar cell |
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