CN103983541A - Experimental device for measuring liquid surface tension coefficients at different temperatures - Google Patents
Experimental device for measuring liquid surface tension coefficients at different temperatures Download PDFInfo
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- CN103983541A CN103983541A CN201410205661.8A CN201410205661A CN103983541A CN 103983541 A CN103983541 A CN 103983541A CN 201410205661 A CN201410205661 A CN 201410205661A CN 103983541 A CN103983541 A CN 103983541A
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- liquid
- surface tension
- temperature
- different temperatures
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Abstract
The invention provides an experimental device for measuring liquid surface tension coefficients at different temperatures. A glass cylinder of which one end is closed is adopted for the experimental device, a semiconductor refrigerator, a heating device and a temperature sensor are arranged in the cylinder, and the glass cylinder is connected with an ultrasonic motor. A bracket is arranged on the base, and a force sensor is installed on the bracket and connected with a hoisting ring. When an experiment is performed, the temperature of liquid to be measured is set, the ultrasonic motor is controlled to drive the glass cylinder to move, so that the hoisting ring is immersed into the liquid and then is gradually disengaged from the liquid, the maximum stress of the force sensor, namely, the liquid surface tension of the hoisting ring in the process of measurement, is recorded, and the surface tension coefficient of the liquid to be measured at the set temperature can be calculated according to a formula. By using the experimental device, the liquid surface tension coefficients at the different temperatures can be measured, a container which contains the liquid to be measured is driven by the ultrasonic motor to ascend and descend, and the measured surface tension is automatically recorded and displayed by a measuring controller. The experimental device has the advantages of simplicity and convenience in operation.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of physics facility, specifically relate to a kind of experimental provision of measuring liquid surface tension coefficient under different temperatures.
Background technology
Between fluid molecule, there is interaction force, be called molecular force.Each molecule of liquid internal is around surrounded by other similar molecules, and it is subject to the effect of molecule around, and making a concerted effort is zero.And the superficial layer of liquid (its thickness equals the radius of action of molecule, and approximately 10
-8about cm) in the residing environment of molecule compare to lack with the molecule of liquid internal and be a half the molecule attracting with it.Because the molecular number of the gas phase layer on liquid is little, to be subject to gravitation upwards less than downward gravitation, non-vanishing with joint efforts for each molecule in superficial layer, occurs the attractive force of a directional liquid inside, so liquid level has the trend of contraction.The tension force effect of this liquid surface, is called as surface tension.Surface tension f is the interaction force that is present in the liquid between both sides, any separatrix on liquid surface, and its direction is along liquid surface, and perseverance is vertical with separatrix, big or small and marginal length L is directly proportional, be f=α L, in formula, α is called the surface tension coefficient of liquid, and unit is Nm
-1, be numerically equal to the surface tension in unit length.
Surface tension is the important mechanical property of liquid surface, and the research of effects on surface tension force can provide for the distribution of analyzing molecules and surface structure the clue of use.For example, different types of liquid, its surface tension coefficient is different, and the interaction force between molecular structure and the molecule of this explanation different liquids is different, and the character of power is also not necessarily identical; For same liquid, temperature is higher, and surface tension coefficient is less, illustrates that the rising of temperature causes the density of surface molecular and the variation of interaction force.In liquid, impurities is more, and surface tension coefficient is less, and the distribution and the structure that change fluid molecule of mixing of impurity is described.In industrial technology, as aspects such as flotation technology and liquid conveying technologies, all to study the surface tension of liquid.
The mensuration of liquid surface tension coefficient is a common experimental project in Experiment of College Physics.Measure the method for liquid surface tension coefficient a lot, the conventional method that pulls, Capillary rise method, drop check weighing method etc., in Experiment of College Physics, general employing pulls method, because this method is simple and convenient.The value of surface tension coefficient is generally very little, and measuring small power must be with special instrument, and the joly balances that adopt in the past operate cumbersomely more, and along with the progress of technology, the dynamometer mostly adopting is now force-sensing sensor.Conventionally the method adopting is to be D by internal diameter
1, external diameter is D
2metal ring be suspended on dynamometer, then it is immersed in the water vertically, in the time being pulled upwardly becket lentamente, on ring, will adhere to the moisture film that one deck is connected with liquid.Due to capillary effect, the pulling force of dynamometer reaches maximal value F gradually, exceedes this value, and moisture film breaks, and F is exactly the surface tension f sum of the suffered gravity G of metal ring and water column drawing metal ring, i.e. F=G+f.Because moisture film has inside and outside two surfaces, and the diameter of two liquid levels is identical with the internal-and external diameter of metal ring, therefore f=α π (D
1+ D
2), surface tension coefficient is
measure D
1, D
2and f, just can calculate the surface tension coefficient of liquid according to formula.
The experimental provision of measuring at present liquid surface tension coefficient mainly has the following disadvantages:
One, does not take quarantine measures, is subject to external environment interference in air flow.
Its two, the container lifting of taking the method for rotating knob to make to contain testing liquid, simultaneously observed and recorded metal ring is subject to capillary maximal value, complex operation, and easily misreading.
Its three, force-sensing sensor is output as magnitude of voltage, also will measure its sensitivity, is then converted into power, cumbersome.
Its four, generally can only survey the surface tension coefficient of liquid under room temperature.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome the above-mentioned deficiency of prior art, the present invention proposes a kind of experimental provision of measuring liquid surface tension coefficient under different temperatures, and this device not only can be measured higher than room temperature but also can measure lower than liquid surface tension coefficient at a certain temperature of room temperature.Adopt transparent glass cover to isolate, can prevent extraneous interference in air flow.Make to contain the container lifting of testing liquid by supersonic motor, by Mersure Controler, the magnitude of voltage of force-sensing sensor output is converted to the numerical value of institute's dynamometry, automatically the maximal value of force-sensing sensor institute dynamometry in record display measurement process, operating process is simple and convenient.
The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems is: on base, settle a transparent glass cover, prevent extraneous interference in air flow, level meter is set on base, experimental provision can be regulated to level by stone bolt.The glass cylinder that one end sealing is set in cloche, barrel adopts double-decker, and centre is evacuated, to play good heat insulation effect.In testing liquid implantation glass cylinder, highly suitable, in glass cylinder, in liquid, top part arranges semiconductor refrigerating plant, be used for cooling testing liquid, part arranges a heating arrangement on the lower, is used for heating testing liquid, center section arranges a temperature sensor, be used for measuring the temperature of testing liquid, semiconductor cooling device, heating arrangement and temperature sensor are connected with temperature controller by interface respectively, can set the temperature of testing liquid by the button on temperature controller.By the temperature of pressing key assignments testing liquid on temperature controller, utilize the actual temperature of temperature sensor measurement testing liquid, temperature controller inside is controlled by microprocessor, if design temperature is lower than actual temperature, start semiconductor cooling device, cooling testing liquid, until temperature is reduced to setting value; If design temperature, higher than actual temperature, starts heating arrangement, heating testing liquid, until temperature is increased to setting value.Glass cylinder is connected with supersonic motor, can under the drive of motor, move up and down, supersonic motor is connected with ultrasonic motor driver by interface, ultrasonic motor driver is connected with Mersure Controler by interface, can set direction of motion and the movement velocity of motor by Mersure Controler.A support is set on base, installing force dependent sensor above, be connected with suspension ring, be used for measuring the suffered surface tension of liquid of suspension ring, force-sensing sensor is connected with Mersure Controler by interface, can show the numerical value of force-sensing sensor institute dynamometry by display screen, the maximal value in record display measurement process.When experiment by the temperature of pressing key assignments testing liquid on temperature controller, next by Mersure Controler control supersonic motor, first drive glass cylinder to move upward, suspension ring are immersed in testing liquid, then drive glass cylinder slowly motion downwards, make suspension ring slowly depart from testing liquid, pull-up water membrane, and finally break, record the stressed maximal value of force-sensing sensor in measuring process by Mersure Controler, be the surface tension of liquid that suspension ring are subject to, substitution formula can calculate the surface tension coefficient of testing liquid under design temperature.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows, this device can be measured liquid surface tension coefficient under different temperatures, can prevent extraneous interference in air flow.Drive the container lifting of containing testing liquid by supersonic motor, by the maximal value of force-sensing sensor institute dynamometry in the automatic record of Mersure Controler display measurement process, i.e. surface tension, operating process is simple and convenient.
Brief description of the drawings
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the present invention is further described.
Accompanying drawing is structural representation of the present invention.
1. transparent glass covers in figure, 2. base, 3. supersonic motor, 4. the coupling arrangement between glass cylinder and supersonic motor, 5. glass cylinder, 6. heating arrangement, 7. temperature sensor, 8. semiconductor cooling device, 9. support, 10. force-sensing sensor, 11. suspension ring, 12. level meters, 13, 14. stone bolts, interface between 15. semiconductor cooling devices and temperature controller, interface between 16. heating arrangements and temperature controller, interface between 17. temperature sensors and temperature controller, 18. ultrasonic motor drivers, interface between 19. supersonic motors and ultrasonic motor driver, 20, interface between 21. ultrasonic motor drivers and Mersure Controler, interface between 22. force-sensing sensors and Mersure Controler, 23. temperature controllers, 24. pilot lamp, 25. reset keys, 26. Temperature Setting buttons, 27. temperature displays, 28. raise button, 29. digital selection keys, 30. lower button, 31. supersonic motors move downward control button, the 32. supersonic motors control button that moves upward, 33. supersonic motors start and stop controlling button, 34. supersonic motor speed adjusting knobs, 35. Mersure Controlers, 36. force-sensing sensors are measured display screen, 37. zeroing knobs, 38. measure startup button.
Embodiment
In accompanying drawing, on base 2, settle a transparent glass cover 1, prevent extraneous interference in air flow, level meter 12 is set on base, experimental provision can be regulated to level by stone bolt 13,14.The interior glass cylinder 5 that one end sealing is set of transparent glass cover 1, barrel adopts double-decker, and centre is evacuated, to play good heat insulation effect.In testing liquid implantation glass cylinder 5, highly suitable, in the interior liquid of glass cylinder 5, top part arranges semiconductor refrigerating plant 8, be used for cooling testing liquid, part arranges a heating arrangement 6 on the lower, be used for heating testing liquid, center section arranges a temperature sensor 7, be used for measuring the temperature of testing liquid, semiconductor cooling device 8, heating arrangement 6 and temperature sensor 7 are respectively by the interface 15 between semiconductor cooling device and temperature controller, interface 17 between interface 16 and temperature sensor and temperature controller between heating arrangement and temperature controller is connected with temperature controller 23, by the Temperature Setting button 26 on temperature controller 23, numeral selection key 29, raise button 28, lower button 30, can set the temperature of testing liquid, and can on temperature display 27, show.Pilot lamp 24 is used to refer to testing liquid temperature and whether reaches design temperature, and testing liquid temperature is not equal to design temperature, and pilot lamp 24 is shown as red light, and testing liquid temperature reaches design temperature, and pilot lamp 24 is shown as green light.Glass cylinder 5 is connected with supersonic motor 3 by the coupling arrangement 4 between glass cylinder and supersonic motor, can under the drive of motor, move up and down, supersonic motor 5 is connected with ultrasonic motor driver 18 by the interface 19 between supersonic motor and ultrasonic motor driver, ultrasonic motor driver 18 is by the interface 20 between ultrasonic motor driver and Mersure Controler, 21 are connected with Mersure Controler 35, move downward and control button 31 and supersonic motor and move upward and control button 32 and can control motor and move downward or upward by the supersonic motor on Mersure Controler 35, start the start and stop that stop controlling button 33 and can control motor by supersonic motor, can regulate the movement velocity of motor by supersonic motor speed adjusting knob 34.A support 9 is set on base 2, installing force dependent sensor 10 above, be connected with suspension ring 11, be used for measuring the suffered surface tension of liquid of suspension ring 11, force-sensing sensor 10 is connected with Mersure Controler 35 by the interface 22 between force-sensing sensor and Mersure Controler, measure by force-sensing sensor the numerical value that display screen 36 can show 10 dynamometry of force-sensing sensor, the maximal value in record display measurement process.
Specific experiment operation steps is:
(1) adjusting bottom screw 13,14, eye-level instrument 12, by base 2 level-ofves.
(2) by testing liquid implantation glass cylinder 5, highly suitable.By the Temperature Setting button 26 on temperature controller 23, digital selection key 29, raises button 28, lowers button 30, sets the temperature of testing liquid.Until pilot lamp 24 becomes green light from red light, testing liquid temperature reaches setting value.
(3) clean suspension ring 11 are hung on force-sensing sensor 10, by the zeroing knob 37 on Mersure Controler 35, force-sensing sensor is measured to display screen 36 and return to zero.
(4) next by the supersonic motor speed adjusting knob 34 on Mersure Controler 35, the movement velocity of supersonic motor 3 is regulated suitable, then by the supersonic motor on Mersure Controler 35 move upward control button 32 control supersonic motor 3, drive glass cylinder 5 to move upward, make liquid level in glass cylinder 5 increase, suspension ring 11 are immersed in testing liquid completely, move downward control button 31 by the supersonic motor on Mersure Controler 35 again and control supersonic motor 3, drive glass cylinder 5 slowly motion downwards, liquid level declines, make suspension ring 11 slowly depart from testing liquid, pull-up water membrane, and finally break, physical phenomenon when observing suspension ring 11 and immersing pull-up in liquid and from liquid.Record the stressed maximal value of force-sensing sensor in measuring process by Mersure Controler, be the surface tension of liquid f that suspension ring are subject to.
(5) measure the inner diameter D of suspension ring
1and outer diameter D
2, substitution formula
can calculate the surface tension coefficient of testing liquid under design temperature.
Above structure of the present invention is set forth, but the not conditional intention of the embodiment that the present invention introduces, and not deviating from the scope of purport of the present invention, the present invention can have multiple variation and amendment.
Claims (3)
1. measure the experimental provision of liquid surface tension coefficient under different temperatures for one kind, specifically on base, settle a transparent glass cover, the glass cylinder of one end sealing is set in cloche, barrel adopts double-decker, centre is evacuated, to play good heat insulation effect, it is characterized in that: in glass cylinder, in liquid, top part arranges semiconductor refrigerating plant, be used for cooling testing liquid, part arranges a heating arrangement on the lower, be used for heating testing liquid, center section arranges a temperature sensor, be used for measuring the temperature of testing liquid, semiconductor cooling device, heating arrangement and temperature sensor are connected with temperature controller by interface respectively, can set the temperature of testing liquid by the button on temperature controller.
2. the experimental provision of liquid surface tension coefficient under measurement different temperatures according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: glass cylinder is connected with supersonic motor, can under the drive of motor, move up and down, supersonic motor is connected with ultrasonic motor driver by interface, ultrasonic motor driver is connected with Mersure Controler by interface, can set direction of motion and the movement velocity of motor by Mersure Controler.
3. the experimental provision of liquid surface tension coefficient under measurement different temperatures according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: a support is set on base, installing force dependent sensor above, be connected with suspension ring, be used for measuring the suffered surface tension of liquid of suspension ring, force-sensing sensor is connected with Mersure Controler by interface, can show the numerical value of force-sensing sensor institute dynamometry by display screen, the maximal value in record display measurement process.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410205661.8A CN103983541A (en) | 2014-05-09 | 2014-05-09 | Experimental device for measuring liquid surface tension coefficients at different temperatures |
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410205661.8A CN103983541A (en) | 2014-05-09 | 2014-05-09 | Experimental device for measuring liquid surface tension coefficients at different temperatures |
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ID=51275600
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410205661.8A Pending CN103983541A (en) | 2014-05-09 | 2014-05-09 | Experimental device for measuring liquid surface tension coefficients at different temperatures |
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Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104034634A (en) * | 2014-06-12 | 2014-09-10 | 何思达 | Liquid surface tension measurement method |
| CN106370561A (en) * | 2016-08-30 | 2017-02-01 | 中国电建集团贵阳勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Rotary drum type chemical grouting viscosity detector |
| CN108827835A (en) * | 2018-07-03 | 2018-11-16 | 重庆知遨科技有限公司 | Pulling escape liquid surface tension coefficient measuring device |
| CN108872022A (en) * | 2018-07-03 | 2018-11-23 | 四川世纪中科光电技术有限公司 | liquid surface tension coefficient measuring device |
| CN109374478A (en) * | 2018-10-10 | 2019-02-22 | 太原理工大学 | The device of solid material surface energy under temperature match curing conditions is determined based on mechanical test |
| CN109374479A (en) * | 2018-10-10 | 2019-02-22 | 太原理工大学 | The method for determining solid material surface energy under temperature match curing conditions based on mechanical test |
| CN109991131A (en) * | 2019-03-12 | 2019-07-09 | 华中科技大学 | Surface tension constant determines model and method and method for surface tension measurement |
| CN111323340A (en) * | 2020-03-12 | 2020-06-23 | 青岛理工大学 | Device for measuring surface tension of liquid |
| CN113376059A (en) * | 2021-05-11 | 2021-09-10 | 南京航空航天大学 | STM32 singlechip intelligent control-based liquid surface tension meter and use method thereof |
| CN114383979A (en) * | 2022-01-21 | 2022-04-22 | 四川大学 | Method for measuring surface tension coefficient of liquid by liquid drop method |
-
2014
- 2014-05-09 CN CN201410205661.8A patent/CN103983541A/en active Pending
Cited By (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104034634A (en) * | 2014-06-12 | 2014-09-10 | 何思达 | Liquid surface tension measurement method |
| CN106370561A (en) * | 2016-08-30 | 2017-02-01 | 中国电建集团贵阳勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Rotary drum type chemical grouting viscosity detector |
| CN108827835A (en) * | 2018-07-03 | 2018-11-16 | 重庆知遨科技有限公司 | Pulling escape liquid surface tension coefficient measuring device |
| CN108872022A (en) * | 2018-07-03 | 2018-11-23 | 四川世纪中科光电技术有限公司 | liquid surface tension coefficient measuring device |
| CN109374478A (en) * | 2018-10-10 | 2019-02-22 | 太原理工大学 | The device of solid material surface energy under temperature match curing conditions is determined based on mechanical test |
| CN109374479A (en) * | 2018-10-10 | 2019-02-22 | 太原理工大学 | The method for determining solid material surface energy under temperature match curing conditions based on mechanical test |
| CN109374479B (en) * | 2018-10-10 | 2021-03-30 | 太原理工大学 | Method for determining surface energy of solid material under variable temperature condition based on mechanical test |
| CN109374478B (en) * | 2018-10-10 | 2021-11-16 | 太原理工大学 | Method for determining surface energy of fixed material under variable temperature condition based on mechanical test |
| CN109991131A (en) * | 2019-03-12 | 2019-07-09 | 华中科技大学 | Surface tension constant determines model and method and method for surface tension measurement |
| CN111323340A (en) * | 2020-03-12 | 2020-06-23 | 青岛理工大学 | Device for measuring surface tension of liquid |
| CN113376059A (en) * | 2021-05-11 | 2021-09-10 | 南京航空航天大学 | STM32 singlechip intelligent control-based liquid surface tension meter and use method thereof |
| CN114383979A (en) * | 2022-01-21 | 2022-04-22 | 四川大学 | Method for measuring surface tension coefficient of liquid by liquid drop method |
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Application publication date: 20140813 |