CN103973624A - Satellite Ka-frequency-band receiving channel based on single-pulse 0/pi modulating - Google Patents
Satellite Ka-frequency-band receiving channel based on single-pulse 0/pi modulating Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a satellite Ka-frequency-band receiving channel based on single-pulse 0/pi modulating. The satellite Ka-frequency-band receiving channel comprises a low noise amplifier, a filter, a 0/pi modulator and a combiner harmonic mixer; after a sum signal is firstly amplified through the low noise amplifier, out-of-band-signal clutter suppression is carried out on the sum signal through the filter, and the sum signal enters one input end of the combiner harmonic mixer; after a different signal is sequentially amplified through the low noise amplifier, out-of-band-signal clutter suppression is carried out on the different signal through the filter, and after 0/pi phase modulation is carried out through the 0/pi modulator, the different signal enters the other input end of the combiner harmonic mixer; signal adding is firstly carried out on the sum signal and the different signal inside the combiner harmonic mixer to form one channel of signal, then down conversion is carried out to generate intermediate frequencies to output the signal, and single-channel transmission is achieved. The satellite Ka-frequency-band receiving channel has the advantages of being low in noise factor, high in carrier suppression, small in size, high in reliability and high in complex space environment adaptability, and can reliably work for a long time in a satellite self-tracking system.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the receive path of a kind of star Ka frequency range based on pulse 0/ π modulation, there is the features such as low-noise factor, the inhibition of high carrier wave, volume is small and exquisite, reliability is high, complex space environment adaptability, can be widely used in satellite autotracking system.
Background technology
Single channel monopulse modulation system has critical role in fields such as space telemetry remote control, target followings, and in the receiving systems such as satellite remote sensing, meteorology, relay transmission, be widely applied, have save passage, equipment is simple, reliability is high, tracking accuracy advantages of higher.The deficiency that traditional binary channels system exists is in the time that two interchannel relative gains, relative phases change, and receiver system all needs to readjust gain and phase place, and maintenanceability is not strong, also has the shortcomings such as volume is large, power consumption is large simultaneously.Single channel is in twin-channel system, further simplification system, the angular error signal that reception antenna transmits, difference signal is modulated rear and merged with signal, and formation single channel and single pulse system, in the advantage while that has kept single-pulse track real-time and rapidity, owing to having carried out passage merging, do not exist and, phase place and the gain inconsistence problems of poor passage after merging, greatly improved reliability, usability and the maintainability of equipment, and effectively reduced costs.
In the time carrying out single channel conversion, can cause the weak of the increase of noise and signal, thereby cause the error signal signal to noise ratio of demodulation can variation, to a certain extent tracking accuracy is had to impact, therefore there is low-noise factor and high carrier wave suppression characteristic is most important to single channel monopulse modulation system.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is: the present invention realizes the receive path of a kind of star Ka frequency range based on pulse 0/ π modulation, it is single channel system, have that low-noise factor and high carrier wave suppress, volume is small and exquisite, reliability is high, complex space environment adaptability feature, long-time reliably working in satellite autotracking system.
Technical solution of the present invention is: a kind of star is the receive path based on pulse 0/ π modulation by Ka frequency range, by low noise amplifier (abbreviation LNA), waveguide filter, 0/ π modulator, closes road harmonic mixer composition; Realize out of band signal clutter by filter and suppress after low noise amplifier amplifies with signal is first, enter an input that closes road harmonic mixer; Difference signal after low noise amplifier amplification, filter out of band signal clutter suppress, is undertaken, after 0/ π phase-modulation, entering another input that closes road harmonic mixer by 0/ π modulator successively; First carry out signal plus with signal and harmonic mixer inside, difference signal He road and be merged into a road, then downconvert to intermediate frequency output, realize single channel transmission;
0/ π modulator is made up of a pair of single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT), 0 state transmission line, π state transmission line.Two transmission line electrical length differ 180 degree, first certain frequency (as the 4KHz) square-wave signal that duty ratio is 50% is applied on a pair of single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) simultaneously, between square-wave signal high period, difference signal first switches through first single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT), be switched to 0 state transmission line, after second single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) switches, export 0 state phase signal; Between square-wave signal low period, difference signal switches through first single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT), is switched to π state transmission line, after second single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) switches, exports π state phase signal.0 state and the switching of π state hocket, and realize difference signal is modulated to beacon frequency f
0on ± 4KHz.
Switch chip in LNA chip, 0/ π modulator in low noise amplifier (abbreviation LNA), close the mixer chip in the harmonic mixer of road, select the insensitive chip of irradiation (GaAs chip), the case material of low noise amplifier, 0/ π modulator He He road harmonic mixer is selected pure Al material and thickeies cover plate simultaneously, thickness is more than or equal to 2.5mm, the Radiation hardness of improving product greatly, anti-irradiation accumulated dose far exceeds the requirement of 30K rad (Si).
Low noise amplifier, 0/ π modulator, close road harmonic mixer and be gas-tight design, the inner N that fills
2, adopting airtight Waveguide-microbelt transformational structure and Laser seal welding technology, protection inside chip circuit, is more than 5 years in-orbit useful life.
Airtight Waveguide-microbelt transformational structure, adopt micro-with the plane method for designing parallel with waveguide E face, between micro-band and waveguide E face, adopt coaxial probe to be connected, coaxial probe is selected radio frequency glass insulator, insulator one side is inserted square wave guide cavity broadside center, realizes waveguide and probe coupling, and opposite side wiring is wide is the standard 50 Ω microstrip lines of 0.76mm, fix through tin material welding coaxial probe outer conductor and housing realization, complete the switch transition of airtight waveguide-micro-band.
Principle of the present invention is: the low noise amplifier in channel design is foremost, at the sum and difference signals that receives antenna wave guide network and send here, if frequency is 23GHz, directly carries out low noise amplification.After multistage linear system cascade, the front stage gain of system is larger, and the noise factor of rear class is negligible on the impact of overall noise factor, Design Low Noise Amplifier gain 25dB, and noise factor is only 2.4dB, can effectively reduce the noise factor of passage.
0/ π modulator in poor passage, the square-wave signal of reception certain frequency (as 4KHz), duty ratio 50%, can realize difference signal is modulated to beacon frequency f
0on ± 4KHz.Because the difference signal after modulation is suppressed carrier, be split on different frequency, through mixer can with the synthetic road radiofrequency signal of signal after realize single channel transmission demodulation.Wherein, it is closely related that the modulation of carrier wave inhibition index and 0/ π modulator differs precision, and precision is higher, it is higher that carrier wave suppresses, adopt Exact Design microstrip line length, can realize two-way and differ precision in 2 °, the design principle of concrete 0/ π modulator as shown in Figure 3.
Afterbody Wei He road harmonic mixer in passage, adopts the design of microstrip line form mixer and harmonic mixer integrated chip, carries out down-conversion after closing road by harmonic mixer.
The present invention's beneficial effect is compared with prior art: have that low-noise factor, high carrier wave suppress, volume is small and exquisite, reliability is high, complex space environment adaptability.
(1) in the present invention, low-noise factor is realized in several ways jointly.The first, low noise amplifier in channel design foremost.It has high-gain, can, up to 25dB, the signal receiving directly be carried out to low noise amplification, reduces the contribution proportion of rear class parts to passage overall noise; The second, the amplifier chip of employing ultra-low noise coefficient; The 3rd, airtight waveguide-microstrip transitions transition structure of design filter with low insertion loss, this structural loss is little, only 0.4dB.Final single channel noise factor is only 2.4dB, can effectively reduce the overall noise factor of passage.
(2) the present invention is that high carrier wave suppresses to realize by 0/ π modulator of high phase modulation precision.The phase modulation precision of 0/ π modulator is higher, and it is higher that the carrier wave of passage suppresses.The phase modulation precision of 0/ π modulator can reach 2 °, and channel carrier suppresses to reach 38dBc.
(3) volume of the present invention is small and exquisite, and each parts adopt the integrated design of multi-chip, reduce volume and weight.
(4) reliability of the present invention is high realizes by two kinds of modes.The first, adopt single channel transmission means.Channel design is simplified, and does not have the problem of amplitude-phase consistency; The second, rationally independent point of chamber design, can make link gain stabilization in whole working frequency range, does not produce self-excitation, reliable operation.
(5) complex space environment adaptability of the present invention, realizes by anti-Irradiation Design and gas-tight design.When avoiding single particle effect impact, increase the service life.
Brief description of the drawings
The receive path schematic diagram of Fig. 1 Ka frequency range of the present invention based on pulse 0/ π modulation;
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of the inner 0/ π modulator of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram of the inner airtight waveguide-microstrip transitions transition structure of the present invention.
Embodiment
Shown in Fig. 1, the receive path of Ka frequency range of the present invention based on pulse 0/ π modulation by low noise amplifier, waveguide filter, high phase modulation precision 0/ π modulator, close road harmonic mixer and form, subtending port is BJ260 (WR34) waveguide mouth, to adapt to Ka frequency range application requirements.
Utilize low noise amplifier to amplify signal, utilize filter to carry out filtering, low-frequency modulation signal is applied to 0/ π modulator difference signal is carried out to 0/ π modulation, realizes difference signal frequency spectrum separately, finally carries out difference signal and completes single channel transmission with the merging of signal.
Two-stage low noise amplifier and waveguide filter composition and passage, carry out the amplification filtering with signal.Low noise amplifier adopts has high-gain low-noise coefficient magnify device chip and microstrip line Integrated design, and independent point of chamber design, link is gain stabilization in whole working frequency range, does not produce self-excitation, adopt radio frequency glass insulator is the airtight Waveguide-microbelt transition structure connecting simultaneously, and loss is low.Airtight waveguide-the microstrip transitions of filter with low insertion loss, as shown in Figure 3, adopt micro-with the plane method realization parallel with waveguide E face, between micro-band and waveguide E face, adopt coaxial probe to be connected, for applying frequency 23GHz, coaxial probe is selected radio frequency glass insulator, insulator one side is inserted square wave guide cavity broadside center, realize waveguide and probe coupling, opposite side wiring is wide is the standard 50 Ω microstrip lines of 0.76mm, welding coaxial probe outer conductor and housing are realized fixing, complete airtight waveguide-microstrip transitions transition.After tested, adopt the low noise amplifier noise factor of this transition structure can reach 2.4dB, reduced the impact that after merging with poor passage, noise superposes on system, optimization system noise characteristic greatly.
With the basis of paths on, increase the poor passage of 0/ π modulator composition, carry out amplification filtering and the modulation of difference signal.It is simple and reliable that 0/ π modulator is opened up benefit, as shown in Figure 2, is made up of a pair of single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) chip portfolio, benchmark state (0 state) microstrip transmission line, phase shift state (π state) transmission line.A pair of filter with low insertion loss high-isolation switch chip and microstrip line are integrated, according to operating frequency (as 23GHz), accurately calculate benchmark state (0 state) and phase shift state (π state) microstrip transmission line length, make its electrical length differ 180 °, and the modulating reference signal that certain frequency (as 4KHz) and duty ratio are 50% is applied to simultaneously to the switching controls end of switch, switch Insertion Loss is little, response time is short, can respond rapidly control end signal, and switching frequency is determined by modulating reference signal frequency.Between modulating reference signal high period, difference signal first switches through first single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT), is switched to 0 state transmission line, after second single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) switches, exports 0 state phase signal; Between modulating reference signal low period, difference signal switches through first single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT), is switched to π state transmission line, after second single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) switches, exports π state phase signal.Difference signal is modulated to beacon frequency f by the realization that hockets of 0 state and the switching of π state
0± 4KHz is upper, and then realizes 0/ π modulation.
0/ π modulator of this kind of switch microstrip line combining form, Insertion Loss is low, and it is high that modulation differs precision.
Actual test 0/ π modulator differs precision and is less than 2 °, and concrete test data is as follows:
While testing 0/ π modulator 0 state, phase place Ф 1 is-67.376 °.
While testing 0/ π modulator π state, phase place Ф 2 is 111.27 °.
0/ π modulator phase difference precision be 180 °-(Ф 2-Ф 1)=180 °-178.646 °=1.354 °.
Adopt the carrier wave inhibition index of this kind 0/ π modulator test channel to be greater than 38dBc.
Close road harmonic mixer composition and close road frequency conversion channel, receive from the two paths of signals of passage, poor passage.Adopt Wilkinson mixer to close road, it is microstrip line form, is 90 ° according to operating frequency (as 23GHz) design electrical length, applies 100 Ω isolation resistances in the middle of two-way, improves the isolation of mixer.Micro-band mixer and harmonic mixer integrated chip one convert one-channel signal to and realize down-conversion output through harmonic mixer after mixer.
In implementation process, all select the insensitive chip of irradiation (GaAs chip), case material is selected pure Al material, cover sheet thickness is more than or equal to 2.5mm, avoid single particle effect impact, the Radiation hardness of improving product greatly, the requirement that the anti-irradiation accumulated dose of empirical tests far exceeds 30Krad (Si).Adopt gas-tight design, N is filled in inside simultaneously
2, in conjunction with airtight Waveguide-microbelt transformational structure and Laser seal welding technology, effectively protect inside chip circuit, long service life, reliability is high, can be under complex space environment long-time steady operation.Product space environment complexity of living in for star, has the features such as violent in high irradiation, microgravity, nearly vacuum, variations in temperature.By low noise amplifier, waveguide filter, 0/ π modulator, close road harmonic mixer cascade, the receive path of composition Ka frequency range based on pulse 0/ π modulation, realize low noise amplification filtering, pulse 0/ π modulation, the single channel frequency down-conversion function of Ka frequency band signals, do not had the problem of amplitude-phase consistency.Corresponding K a frequency range is as 23GHz, single channel noise factor 2.4dB, and carrier wave suppresses to be greater than 38dBc, has that low-noise factor, high carrier wave suppress, volume is small and exquisite, reliability high.
In a word, highly versatile of the present invention, long service life, compact conformation, can adapt to complicated space environment, meets the environment instructions for use in-orbit of most autotracking systems, as common apparatus, can be widely used in satellite autotracking system.
Claims (4)
1. the receive path that star is modulated based on pulse 0/ π by Ka frequency range, is characterized in that comprising low noise amplifier, filter, 0/ π modulator, closes road harmonic mixer; Realize out of band signal clutter by filter and suppress after low noise amplifier amplifies with signal is first, enter an input that closes road harmonic mixer; Difference signal after low noise amplifier amplification, filter out of band signal clutter suppress, is undertaken, after 0/ π phase-modulation, entering another input that closes road harmonic mixer by 0/ π modulator successively; First carry out signal plus with signal and harmonic mixer inside, difference signal He road and be merged into a road, then downconvert to intermediate frequency output, realize single channel transmission;
Described 0/ π modulator is made up of a pair of single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT), 0 state transmission line, π state transmission line.Two transmission line electrical length differ 180 degree, first the certain frequency square-wave signal that duty ratio is 50% is applied on a pair of single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) simultaneously, between square-wave signal high period, difference signal first switches through first single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT), be switched to 0 state transmission line, after second single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) switches, export 0 state phase signal; Between square-wave signal low period, difference signal switches through first single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT), is switched to π state transmission line, after second single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT) switches, exports π state phase signal.0 state and the switching of π state hocket, and realize difference signal is modulated to beacon frequency f
0on ± 4KHz.
2. the receive path that star according to claim 1 is modulated based on pulse 0/ π by Ka frequency range, it is characterized in that: the LNA chip in described low noise amplifier, switch chip in 0/ π modulator, close the mixer chip in the harmonic mixer of road, select the insensitive chip of irradiation (GaAs chip), low noise amplifier simultaneously, the case material of 0/ π modulator He He road harmonic mixer is selected pure Al material and thickeies cover plate, thickness is more than or equal to 2.5mm, the Radiation hardness of improving product greatly, anti-irradiation accumulated dose far exceeds the requirement of 30Krad (Si).
3. the receive path that star according to claim 1 is modulated based on pulse 0/ π by Ka frequency range, is characterized in that: described low noise amplifier, 0/ π modulator, close road harmonic mixer and be gas-tight design, the inner N that fills
2, adopting airtight Waveguide-microbelt transformational structure and Laser seal welding technology, protection inside chip circuit, reaches more than 5 years in-orbit useful life.
4. the receive path that star according to claim 1 is modulated based on pulse 0/ π by Ka frequency range, it is characterized in that: described airtight Waveguide-microbelt transformational structure, adopt micro-with the plane method for designing parallel with waveguide E face, between micro-band and waveguide E face, adopt coaxial probe to be connected, coaxial probe is selected radio frequency glass insulator, insulator one side is inserted square wave guide cavity broadside center, realize waveguide and probe coupling, opposite side wiring is wide is the standard 50 Ω microstrip lines of 0.76mm, realize fixing through tin material welding coaxial probe outer conductor and housing, complete the switch transition of airtight waveguide-micro-band.
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Cited By (6)
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| CN104243066A (en) * | 2014-09-05 | 2014-12-24 | 航天东方红卫星有限公司 | Relay satellite tracking program control and autotracking combination mode test system and method |
| CN106788669A (en) * | 2016-11-14 | 2017-05-31 | 北京遥测技术研究所 | One kind miniaturization Ka frequency range Single channel modulators |
| CN106789796A (en) * | 2016-12-15 | 2017-05-31 | 中国电子科技集团公司第二十研究所 | A kind of 0/ π modulation angle-measuring methods based on orthogonal digital envelope detection |
| CN109115718A (en) * | 2018-08-03 | 2019-01-01 | 首都师范大学 | A kind of method and device filtering out the asynchronous scanning system coherent noise of Terahertz |
| CN109257020A (en) * | 2018-08-14 | 2019-01-22 | 华东师范大学 | A kind of experimental circuit can be realized faint amplitude-modulated signal demodulation |
| CN109444571A (en) * | 2018-09-21 | 2019-03-08 | 北京遥测技术研究所 | A kind of small satellite communication load EMC prediction method |
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Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN104243066A (en) * | 2014-09-05 | 2014-12-24 | 航天东方红卫星有限公司 | Relay satellite tracking program control and autotracking combination mode test system and method |
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| CN106789796A (en) * | 2016-12-15 | 2017-05-31 | 中国电子科技集团公司第二十研究所 | A kind of 0/ π modulation angle-measuring methods based on orthogonal digital envelope detection |
| CN106789796B (en) * | 2016-12-15 | 2019-10-22 | 中国电子科技集团公司第二十研究所 | A kind of 0/ π modulation angle-measuring method based on orthogonal digital envelope detection |
| CN109115718A (en) * | 2018-08-03 | 2019-01-01 | 首都师范大学 | A kind of method and device filtering out the asynchronous scanning system coherent noise of Terahertz |
| CN109115718B (en) * | 2018-08-03 | 2020-10-13 | 首都师范大学 | Method and device for filtering coherent noise of terahertz asynchronous scanning system |
| CN109257020A (en) * | 2018-08-14 | 2019-01-22 | 华东师范大学 | A kind of experimental circuit can be realized faint amplitude-modulated signal demodulation |
| CN109444571A (en) * | 2018-09-21 | 2019-03-08 | 北京遥测技术研究所 | A kind of small satellite communication load EMC prediction method |
| CN109444571B (en) * | 2018-09-21 | 2021-02-05 | 北京遥测技术研究所 | Moonlet communication load electromagnetic compatibility prediction method |
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