CN103966793A - Three-roller calendar for textile and textile calendaring method - Google Patents
Three-roller calendar for textile and textile calendaring method Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN103966793A CN103966793A CN201410231450.1A CN201410231450A CN103966793A CN 103966793 A CN103966793 A CN 103966793A CN 201410231450 A CN201410231450 A CN 201410231450A CN 103966793 A CN103966793 A CN 103966793A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- roll
- roller
- textiles
- cloth
- ray machines
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Landscapes
- Treatment Of Fiber Materials (AREA)
- Casting Or Compression Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a three-roller calendar for a textile and a textile calendaring method. The calendar comprises a rack, a cloth feeding device, an upper roller, a middle roller, a lower roller, a cooling device, a cloth discharge device and a pressurizing device, wherein the upper roller is a spindle roller and fixed on the rack; the middle roller and the lower roller are respectively a mirror surface heating roller and a hydraulic equalizing roller and movably arranged on the rack; the upper roller, the middle roller and the lower roller can respectively rotate around the respective shaft leads; the middle roller is a driving roller; the upper roller and the lower roller are driven rollers; the pressurizing device is connected with the lower roller; the upper roller comprises a roller shaft and a roller body; the roller body is formed by a pure nylon layer and a nanometer aluminum oxide modified nylon layer. By adopting the three-roller calendar disclosed by the invention, deformation of each roller in the pressurizing process is counteracted, cloth is even in pressure in different breadths, and the glossiness and the softness of the calendared cloth are improved. In addition, the calendar and the calendaring method disclosed by the invention are applicable to the cloth with any thickness and made of any materials.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of calendering method of textiles and with three rolling ray machines.
Background technology
In order to prevent the distortion of roll in textiles calendering process, cause the fineness of product fabric width different parts different with pliability, simple way is exactly roll to be made to spindle offset the deformation in the course of work, but fusiform shortcoming is after roll shape is fixing, can only be applicable to a kind of pressure, if the cloth of processing changes, will convert operating pressure, thereby also just need to convert roll, not only troublesome poeration but also cost are high, need to be equipped with different rolls.In order to overcome this difficult problem, hydraulic pressure even roller has been invented respectively by KUSTERS company and the RAMISEH company of Germany, there is cavity roll inside, pass into hydraulic oil, in work, exert pressure, use the distortion of the counteracted by pressure roll of hydraulic oil, guarantee the uniformity of roll, the pressure of roll internal hydraulic pressure also can regulate, and realizes roll deformation in various degree, coordinates different operating pressures.But existing calender is all even roller to be used separately, has limited the performance of its effect.In addition,, in prior art, three rolling ray machines normally central roll are fixed, upper and lower two rolls connect pressue device, during work, upper and lower two rolls are pressed toward middle, make to produce pressure between topping roll and central roll, central roll and bottom roll, and cloth is processed.Such mounting means more easily makes roll generation deformation, makes the different fabric widths of cloth position upward pressure inhomogeneous, and the pliability of finished fabric, glossiness, the fiber degree of compacting all can be inhomogeneous.
In addition, known nylon roller is for process such as various weaving face fabrics, the calendering of synthesizing the products such as cloth, specific coatings cloth, specialties, bilayer or multilayer calendered film, artificial leather and aluminium foil, embossing.The consistency and elasticity of nylon roller is good, and cloth is had to higher resistance along limit and suture grain effect, long service life, resistance to chemical attack, the calendering technique of the cloth that is applicable to be soaked by chemical assistant.But nylon roller can not be used at higher temperature, its fusing point is 210 ℃, and heat distortion temperature is 169 ℃, and therefore general operating temperature is below 150 ℃, and nylon roller coefficient of friction is low simultaneously, the weak effect of the afterturn in calendering process, fabric fibre being produced.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, a kind of improved used for textiles three rolling ray machines are provided.
The present invention provides a kind of improved textiles calendering method simultaneously.
For overcoming the above problems, a kind of technical scheme that the present invention takes is as follows:
A kind of used for textiles three rolling ray machines, it comprises frame, entering arrangment, three rolls, cooling device, cloth discharge device， outlet assembly and pressue devices, described three rolls are respectively topping roll, central roll and the bottom roll setting gradually from top to bottom, particularly, topping roll is spindle roller, is fixedly installed in frame; Central roll and bottom roll are respectively minute surface warm-up mill and hydraulic pressure even roller, and are all arranged on actively in frame; Topping roll, central roll and bottom roll can rotate around Pivot Point Center line respectively, and central roll is drive roll, topping roll and bottom roll are driven voller, pressue device is connected with bottom roll, topping roll comprises roll shaft and is arranged on the body of roll outside roll shaft, and the body of roll consists of the nanometer alumina modified nylon layer that is arranged on the pure nylon layer on roll shaft and be arranged on outside pure nylon layer.
According to a concrete and preferred aspect of the present invention: the outermost diameter of described topping roll is 490 ~ 510mm, and intermediate deformation maximum is 50, and the thickness of pure nylon layer is 35mm ~ 45mm, and the thickness of nanometer alumina modified nylon layer is 30mm ~ 40mm.
Preferably, in described nanometer alumina modified nylon layer, the quality percentage composition of aluminium oxide is 13% ~ 15%.
Preferably, in described nanometer alumina modified nylon layer, aluminium oxide is α-Al
2o
3.
According to a preferred aspect: the composition of raw materials of described nanometer alumina modified nylon is 80 ~ 90 parts of nylon particles, alumina powder jointed 13 ~ 15 parts, 0.1 ~ 0.2 part of crosslinking agent, 2.5 ~ 3.0 parts of toluene.Further preferably, described nylon is selected PA6 material, and the alumina powder jointed particle diameter of selecting is α-Al of 30 ~ 60nm
2o
3, crosslinking agent is selected Si-69.
Nanometer alumina modified nylon can be mixed by plasticating and moulding makes by above-mentioned raw materials.
According to the present invention, the diameter of described central roll is preferably 350 ~ 370mm.The diameter of bottom roll is preferably 410 ~ 430mm.
Preferably, the length of described three rolls is identical, and roll surface length is 1700mm ~ 1900mm.
According to a concrete aspect, the outermost diameter of described topping roll is 500mm, and the diameter of central roll is 360mm, and the diameter of bottom roll is 420mm, and the roll surface length of three rolls is 1800mm.
Preferably, described pressue device is pressurization oil cylinder, is arranged on below bottom roll.
The another technical scheme that the present invention takes is: a kind of calendering method of textiles, it takes the above-mentioned used for textiles of the present invention three rolling ray machines to carry out calendering, specific as follows: to make textiles enter calender from entering arrangment, then enter the roll compacting face between bottom roll and central roll, carry out roll compacting for the first time, then textiles is wrapped on central roll, along with the rolling of roll enters the roll compacting face between central roll and topping roll, carry out roll compacting for the second time, after cooling finally by chill roll, through cloth discharge device， outlet assembly, go out calender.
The inventive method is suitable for the calendering of the textiles of various materials and processes.Preferably, described textiles is ultra-thin down wear penetration-proof fabric.
Due to the employing of above technical scheme, the present invention compared with prior art has following advantage:
The present invention is used for three rolling ray machines by even roller and spindle roller, combines with minute surface warm-up mill, can bring into play more fully the effect of even roller and spindle roller, makes cloth wrap minute surface warm-up mill, makes full use of the energy of heating, reduces energy consumption.Three rolling ray machines of the present invention, in pressure process, the deformation of roll is cancelled, and the different fabric width upward pressures of cloth are even, guarantee that pliability, glossiness and fiber after the fabric of the processing degree of compacting is even, and the present invention adopts nanometer alumina modified nylon roller, its roll surface frictional force is large, good springiness, hardness is good, can produce to cloth the effect of afterturn, to tie up filament and rub dispersion with the hands, the glossiness and the pliability that improve fabric, for ultra-thin down wear penetration-proof fabric, can also improve anti-chiseling down; In addition, calender of the present invention is suitable for the cloth of any thickness and material, without the frequent roll of changing when changing cloth.
Adopt the present invention to carry out calendering to textiles, easy to operate, the pliability of the fabric after calendering, glossiness and the fiber degree of compacting is even.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and specific embodiment, the present invention will be further described in detail:
Fig. 1 is according to the structural representation of three rolling ray machines of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is according to the schematic diagram of three rollers of three rolling ray machines of the present invention;
Wherein: 1, topping roll; 2, central roll; 3, bottom roll; 4, pressurization oil cylinder; 5, hydraulic oil carrier pipe.
The specific embodiment
Three rolling ray machines of the present invention comprise frame, entering arrangment, cloth discharge device， outlet assembly, cooling device, three rolls and a pressurization oil cylinder 4.Frame, entering arrangment, cloth discharge device， outlet assembly, cooling device are all identical with existing three rolling ray machines.The present invention improves material, type, combination and the cloth travel track that is three rolls.
As shown in Figure 1, in frame, install roll 1 topmost, this topping roll 1 is spindle, diameter 500mm, intermediate deformation maximum is 50 (mid diameter is 500.50mm, and two ends diameter is 500mm), be fixed on the upper end of frame, can not move, but can be around self axis rotation.Topping roll 1 is comprised of roll shaft and the body of roll, and the material of roll shaft is No. 48 carbon steels, diameter 360mm.The body of roll consists of the thick pure nylon layer of 40mm and the thick nanometer alumina modified nylon layer of 30mm.Nanometer alumina modified nylon be by by nylon particle, alumina powder jointed, crosslinking agent, toluene is plasticated after mixing according to the ratio of mass ratio 85:14:0.2:2.8 and moulding makes, mould experienced moulding process identical with common nylon preparation technology, wherein, nylon is selected BASF PA6 material, it is α-Al2O3 of 30 ~ 60nm that aluminium oxide is selected particle diameter, and crosslinking agent is selected Si-69.Central roll 2 is installed in the middle of frame, and it is minute surface warm-up mill, and diameter 360mm can be movable.The bottom bottom roll 3 of installing, it is imported hydraulic even roller, by hydraulic oil carrier pipe 5, passes into hydraulic oil, the distortion of the counteracted by pressure roll of hydraulic oil in work, thus coordinate different operating pressures.Bottom roll 3 diameters are 420mm.Three roll length are identical, roll surface length 1800mm, total length 2500mm.Bottom roll 3 positioned beneath pressurization oil cylinders 4.The oil cylinder 4 that pressurizes during work upwards promotes bottom roll 3 and central roll 2, makes between bottom roll 3 and central roll 2, and all produces pressure between central roll 2 and topping roll 1.Central roll 2 is drive roll, and topping roll 1 and bottom roll 3 are driven voller.
As shown in Figure 2, during work, cloth enters calender from entering arrangment, then enter the roll compacting face between bottom roll (even roller) 3 and central roll (minute surface warm-up mill) 2, carry out roll compacting for the first time, then cloth is wrapped on central roll (minute surface warm-up mill) 2, along with the rolling of roll enters the roll compacting face between central roll (minute surface warm-up mill) 2 and topping roll 1, carry out secondary roll compacting, cooling finally by supercooling roller after, through cloth discharge device， outlet assembly, go out calender.
Three rolling ray machines of the present invention and calendering method tool have the following advantages:
1, hydraulic pressure even roller is used for to three rolling ray machines, is used in conjunction with minute surface warm-up mill and spindle nylon roller, expanded the range of application of even roller.
2, by upper and lower two rolls of three rolling ray machines toward central roll pressurization change into a bottom roll toward above two rolls pressurizations, only have a roll topmost to fix, the pressurization that can make progress under pressure of bottom roll and central roll.Between such three rolls, all become pressure adjustable, offset the limitation that spindle roll is only applicable to a kind of pressure, be applicable to the cloth of any thickness and material, without the frequent roll of changing when changing cloth.
3, cloth wraps the half range of heating mirror roller roll surface in process, and heating surface area is larger, heats more evenly, and heat utilization ratio is higher, heat time heating time is longer, causes cloth contraction, arranges tightr between fiber, reduce cloth air penetrability, improve cloth anti-chiseling down effect, improve cloth glossiness.
4, common minute surface warm-up mill diameter is between 400 ~ 500mm, the present invention arrives 360mm by minute surface warm-up mill reduced, after diameter diminishes, contact-making surface between mirror roller and upper and lower two rolls diminishes, under same pressure, contact-making surface pressure increases, force of sliding friction between roll compacting face becomes large in the course of the work, fabric fibre is produced to the effect of " stranding ", can be by the more dispersion of fiber filaments afterturn, it is flat that fiber becomes, space between fiber is reduced, reduce cloth air penetrability, improve cloth anti-chiseling down effect.Meanwhile, after fiber is crushed, flatness is higher, more soft, and glossiness is better, produces epithelium effect.
5, the topping roll of the present invention's design comprises the nanometer alumina modified nylon layer of pure nylon layer and top layer, and tool has the following advantages: 1. due to α-Al
2o
3particle more coarse than nylon molecule, therefore add α-Al
2o
3can increase the coefficient of friction of material surface, in calendering process, cloth be produced the effect of afterturn, strengthen the anti-chiseling down of cloth; 2. due to α-Al
2o
3rough is jagged, in melting process, can produce very large resistance, therefore adds α-Al
2o
3improve the heat resistance of roll, calendering temperature peak can be brought up to 220 ℃ from 150 ℃, be applicable to need the technique of higher temperature calendering.3. due to α-Al
2o
3thermal conductivity be better than nylon, α-Al
2o
3thermal conductivity factor be 30W/mK, the thermal conductivity factor of nylon is 0.26 ~ 0.35W/mK, almost differs 100 times, adds α-Al
2o
3rear material thermal conductivity is better, and spread heat is more even, to the homogeneous more of performance on the different fabric widths of cloth after cloth processing; 4. α-Al
2o
3incorporate after nylon, when the content of particle reaches more than 13%, between particle, can form rigid chain, bear pressure, therefore can improve the intensity of roll surface, longer service life, range of application is wider; 5. top layer is modification of nylon, and hardness is higher, and basic unit is pure nylon, flexible, and in the course of work, topping roll and minute surface warm-up mill contact-making surface produce deformation, between two rolls contact more abundant, the better effects if to cloth afterturn.
Above the present invention is described in detail; its object is to allow the personage who is familiar with this art can understand content of the present invention and be implemented; can not limit the scope of the invention with this; the equivalence that all Spirit Essences according to the present invention are done changes or modifies, and all should be encompassed in protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. used for textiles three rolling ray machines, it comprises frame, entering arrangment, three rolls, cooling device, cloth discharge device， outlet assembly and pressue devices, described three rolls are respectively topping roll, central roll and the bottom roll setting gradually from top to bottom, it is characterized in that: described topping roll is spindle roller, is fixedly installed in described frame; Described central roll and bottom roll are respectively minute surface warm-up mill and hydraulic pressure even roller, and are all arranged on actively in described frame; Described topping roll, central roll and bottom roll can rotate around Pivot Point Center line respectively, and described central roll is drive roll, described topping roll and bottom roll are driven voller, described pressue device is connected with described bottom roll, described topping roll comprises roll shaft and is arranged on the body of roll outside described roll shaft, and the described body of roll consists of the nanometer alumina modified nylon layer that is arranged on the pure nylon layer on roll shaft and be arranged on outside pure nylon layer.
2. used for textiles three rolling ray machines according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the outermost diameter of described topping roll is 490 ~ 510mm, intermediate deformation maximum is 50, the thickness of described pure nylon layer is 35mm ~ 45mm, and the thickness of described nanometer alumina modified nylon layer is 30mm ~ 40mm.
3. used for textiles three rolling ray machines according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in described nanometer alumina modified nylon layer, the quality percentage composition of aluminium oxide is 13% ~ 15%.
4. according to the used for textiles three rolling ray machines described in claim 1 or 3, it is characterized in that: in weight portion, the composition of raw materials of described nanometer alumina modified nylon is 80 ~ 90 parts of nylon particles, alumina powder jointed 13 ~ 15 parts, 0.1 ~ 0.2 part of crosslinking agent, 2.5 ~ 3.0 parts of toluene.
5. used for textiles three rolling ray machines according to claim 4, is characterized in that: described nylon is selected PA6 material, and the alumina powder jointed particle diameter of selecting is α-Al2O3 of 30 ~ 60nm, and crosslinking agent is selected Si-69.
6. used for textiles three rolling ray machines according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the diameter of described central roll is 350 ~ 370mm; The diameter of described bottom roll is 410 ~ 430mm.
7. used for textiles three rolling ray machines according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the outermost diameter of described topping roll is 500mm, the diameter of described central roll is 360mm, and the diameter of described bottom roll is 420mm, and the roll surface length of described three rolls is 1800mm.
8. used for textiles three rolling ray machines according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described pressue device is pressurization oil cylinder, is arranged on below described bottom roll.
9. the calendering method of a textiles, it is characterized in that: take the used for textiles three rolling ray machines as described in any one claim in claim 1 to 9 to carry out calendering, specific as follows: to make textiles enter calender from entering arrangment, then enter the roll compacting face between bottom roll and central roll, carry out roll compacting for the first time, then textiles is wrapped on central roll, along with the rolling of roll enters the roll compacting face between central roll and topping roll, carry out roll compacting for the second time, after cooling finally by chill roll, through cloth discharge device， outlet assembly, go out calender
.
10. the calendering method of textiles according to claim 9, is characterized in that: described textiles is ultra-thin down wear penetration-proof fabric.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410231450.1A CN103966793B (en) | 2014-05-28 | 2014-05-28 | A kind of three rolling ray machines used for textiles and textiles calendering process |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410231450.1A CN103966793B (en) | 2014-05-28 | 2014-05-28 | A kind of three rolling ray machines used for textiles and textiles calendering process |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN103966793A true CN103966793A (en) | 2014-08-06 |
| CN103966793B CN103966793B (en) | 2015-10-28 |
Family
ID=51236776
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410231450.1A Active CN103966793B (en) | 2014-05-28 | 2014-05-28 | A kind of three rolling ray machines used for textiles and textiles calendering process |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN103966793B (en) |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105350210A (en) * | 2015-11-02 | 2016-02-24 | 吴江市海威机械橡胶制品有限公司 | Calender |
| CN106835442A (en) * | 2017-01-20 | 2017-06-13 | 利郎(中国)有限公司 | A kind of down jackets production technology of anti-suede courage cloth |
| CN107663768A (en) * | 2017-12-11 | 2018-02-06 | 江苏金太阳纺织科技股份有限公司 | A kind of tabby dyeing and finishing processing method |
| CN108754982A (en) * | 2018-05-31 | 2018-11-06 | 湖州织里创塑塑料科技有限公司 | A kind of non-woven fabrics calendering equipment |
| CN112853653A (en) * | 2021-01-18 | 2021-05-28 | 苏州棠华纳米科技有限公司 | Production method and production equipment of washable textile |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN202090185U (en) * | 2011-05-19 | 2011-12-28 | 江阴博路威机械有限公司 | Dual pressure type three-roller calender |
| CN202610560U (en) * | 2012-05-18 | 2012-12-19 | 江阴博路威机械有限公司 | Stepless pressure regulation roller calendering machine |
| CN202610558U (en) * | 2012-05-18 | 2012-12-19 | 江阴博路威机械有限公司 | Polishing machine special for industry cloth |
| CN203846303U (en) * | 2014-05-28 | 2014-09-24 | 苏州棠华纳米科技有限公司 | Three-roller glazing calender for textiles |
-
2014
- 2014-05-28 CN CN201410231450.1A patent/CN103966793B/en active Active
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN202090185U (en) * | 2011-05-19 | 2011-12-28 | 江阴博路威机械有限公司 | Dual pressure type three-roller calender |
| CN202610560U (en) * | 2012-05-18 | 2012-12-19 | 江阴博路威机械有限公司 | Stepless pressure regulation roller calendering machine |
| CN202610558U (en) * | 2012-05-18 | 2012-12-19 | 江阴博路威机械有限公司 | Polishing machine special for industry cloth |
| CN203846303U (en) * | 2014-05-28 | 2014-09-24 | 苏州棠华纳米科技有限公司 | Three-roller glazing calender for textiles |
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105350210A (en) * | 2015-11-02 | 2016-02-24 | 吴江市海威机械橡胶制品有限公司 | Calender |
| CN106835442A (en) * | 2017-01-20 | 2017-06-13 | 利郎(中国)有限公司 | A kind of down jackets production technology of anti-suede courage cloth |
| CN107663768A (en) * | 2017-12-11 | 2018-02-06 | 江苏金太阳纺织科技股份有限公司 | A kind of tabby dyeing and finishing processing method |
| CN108754982A (en) * | 2018-05-31 | 2018-11-06 | 湖州织里创塑塑料科技有限公司 | A kind of non-woven fabrics calendering equipment |
| CN112853653A (en) * | 2021-01-18 | 2021-05-28 | 苏州棠华纳米科技有限公司 | Production method and production equipment of washable textile |
| CN112853653B (en) * | 2021-01-18 | 2022-11-18 | 苏州棠华纳米科技有限公司 | Production method and production equipment of washable textile |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN103966793B (en) | 2015-10-28 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN103966793B (en) | A kind of three rolling ray machines used for textiles and textiles calendering process | |
| CN201058518Y (en) | Roller type transfer device of cold transfer decorating machine | |
| CN202157192U (en) | Carbon fiber preimpregnation material gum dipping production line flattening device | |
| CN107323062A (en) | The printing and embossing synchronous forming method and shaped device of a kind of terylene compound fabric | |
| CN103624996A (en) | Equipment used for preparing continuous fabric reinforced thermoplastic resin | |
| CN201704481U (en) | Carbon fiber heating and expanding device | |
| CN108045048B (en) | Three-dimensional spacer fabric reinforced space membrane material and preparation method and processing device thereof | |
| CN105417259A (en) | Double-surface ironing winding machine | |
| CN201669968U (en) | Transfer printing device of cold transfer printing machine | |
| CN101773173A (en) | Flat tea continuous flatting mill | |
| CN103334192B (en) | A kind of carbon fibre stretching device | |
| CN206416653U (en) | A kind of woollen blanket tensioning apparatus of heat-transfering printing machine | |
| CN203846303U (en) | Three-roller glazing calender for textiles | |
| CN203697635U (en) | Plastic composite cloth production equipment | |
| CN101513790A (en) | Transfer printing device for cold-transfer decorating machines | |
| CN208052406U (en) | A kind of calender for producing film | |
| CN201998512U (en) | Three-in-one glue transfer compound machine | |
| JP2012531528A (en) | Gloss machine to process product web | |
| CN105620024B (en) | Colorful fitting stereoscopic localized embossing machine | |
| CN202247330U (en) | Fabric starching machine | |
| CN109501221B (en) | Polypropylene is from type membrane secondary stretching device | |
| CN203846304U (en) | Nano-alumina-modified nylon roller and glazing calender comprising nano-alumina-modified nylon roller | |
| CN201660767U (en) | Non-woven fiber plate production line | |
| KR100623067B1 (en) | Method of shinning fabric | |
| CN102713058A (en) | Calender for smoothing a paper web |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |