CN103955127A - Phase modulation full-parallax holographic stereogram implementation method - Google Patents
Phase modulation full-parallax holographic stereogram implementation method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of computer-generated holography and three-dimensional display, and particularly relates to a phase modulation full-parallax holographic stereogram implementation method. A target object, a CCD camera, a computer, holographic units, a holographic stereogram, a laser light source, a collimation system and a space optical modulator are included. A multi-angle anaglyph of the target object is obtained according to the method of the CCD camera or the computer graphics, and the frequency spectrums of the holographic units are extracted through the Fourier transform relation between the holographic units and a reappearance plane. The calibrated holographic unit frequency spectrum serves as a reappearance target image, all phase modulation holographic units are obtained through the iteration Fourier algorithm, and the holographic stereogram is generated. The holographic stereogram is loaded to the space optical modulator, and full-parallax multi-view reappearance of the target object is achieved by irradiating the holographic stereogram through the laser light source. By means of the holographic stereogram implementation method, multi-view reappearance of the three-dimensional object can be achieved, interference caused by conjugate images in an existing holographic stereogram is eliminated, the bandwidth of the space light modulator is fully used, the diffraction efficiency of the holographic stereogram is effectively improved, and the full-parallax holographic stereogram is displayed through the phase modulation space optical modulator.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to calculation holographic and 3-D display field, be specifically related to the holographic stereogram implementation method of the full parallax of a kind of phase-modulation.
Background technology
Along with the fast development of laser technology and calculation holographic technology, 3D hologram shows the every field that has been deep into social life.Due to form and the depth characteristic of reproduction three-dimensional body that can be true to nature, 3D hologram display technique is gathered around and is had broad application prospects in fields such as topography and geomorphology measurement, surface profile reconstruct, three-dimensional body imaging, objective identification and medical diagnosiss.But googol, according to amount, computing velocity and the high request for space-bandwidth product slowly, is the bottleneck problem that perplexs at present the practical application of calculation holographic display technique.
Holographic stereogram technology, as the combination of calculation holographic technology and technique of binocular stereoscopic vision, has huge advantage with respect to traditional calculations holographic technique, is the dimension display technologies especially at present with application prospect.First, traditional calculation holographic technology, comprises point source method and wavefront reconstruction method etc., all need to obtain the accurate depth information of three-dimensional body, and for some scene and the huge object of form, obtaining of depth information is very difficult.And holographic stereogram technology adopts the two-dimensional sequence anaglyph of three-dimensional body to be encoded into hologram, anaglyph can be taken from different perspectives by ccd video camera and be obtained, and therefore holographic stereogram is more tolerant aspect data acquisition.Secondly, the playback accuracy of traditional optical holography and calculation holographic technology reaches nanoscale, and far away higher than human visual system's resolution, too high playback accuracy is all huge wastes to computing velocity and space-bandwidth product, exists googol according to redundancy.And the reproduced image of holographic stereogram is directly towards the vision system of human eye, can set flexibly playback accuracy according to human visual system's resolution, ensureing under the prerequisite of human eye visual effect, for the spatial bandwidth of compression hologram provides possibility.
At present, scholars proposed a variety of holographic stereogram implementation methods (as M.W.Halle, et.al, The Ultragram:a generalized holographic stereogram, Proceeding of SPIE, 1461,142-155 (1991); W.Plesniak, Incremental update of computer-generated holograms, Optical Engineering, 42,1560 (2003); Q.Y.J.Smithwick, et.al, Interactive holographic stereograms with accommodation cues, Proceeding of SPIE, 7619,761903 (2010); Fan Cheng etc., a kind of hologram functional screen and preparation method thereof, Chinese invention patent (CN101918901B).But current holographic stereogram research mainly concentrates on horizontal parallax and shows.And full parallax shows, it is the final developing direction of holographic stereogram technology.In addition, current holographic stereogram technology adopts which amplitude modulation, and in reproduction process, the existence of conjugate image has seriously reduced the reproduction quality of image and the utilization factor to spatial light modulator spatial bandwidth.At home, for the research of holographic stereogram still in the starting stage, not comparatively ripe model machine and engineering application.For this situation, the invention provides the implementation method of the holographic stereogram of the full parallax of a kind of phase-modulation, the holographic stereogram of full parallax that builds three-dimensional body, utilizes phase-modulation spatial light modulator to reproduce multiple visual angles of three-dimensional body, and effectively weakens the interference of conjugate image.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide the holographic stereogram implementation method of the full parallax of a kind of phase-modulation.Gordian technique is to utilize the multi-angle anaglyph sequence of three-dimensional body, extraction is combined into holographic cell frequency spectrum, holographic cell frequency spectrum is demarcated, adopt iterative Fourier transform algorithm to calculate phase-modulation holographic cell, travel through all holographic cells in calculation holographic stereogram plane, obtain the holographic stereogram of three-dimensional body.Holographic stereogram is loaded in spatial light modulator, multiple visual angles of reconstruct three-dimensional body under LASER Light Source is irradiated, formation can show for the full parallax with three-dimensional stereo effect of eye-observation.
The invention is characterized in, the holographic stereogram implementation method of the full parallax of a kind of phase-modulation, at least contains object, ccd video camera, computing machine, holographic cell, holographic stereogram, LASER Light Source, colimated light system, spatial light modulator.Wherein, become holographic stereogram to obtain system by object, ccd video camera and calculation mechanism, form holographic stereogram playback system by LASER Light Source, colimated light system and spatial light modulator.
Employing the present invention realizes the holographic stereogram calculating of the full parallax of phase-modulation and reproduces step: adopt the method for ccd video camera or computer graphics to obtain the multi-angle anaglyph of three-dimensional body, according to holographic cell and the Fourier transform relation of reproducing plane, extract and be combined into holographic cell frequency spectrum.Taking the holographic cell frequency spectrum demarcated as reproducing target image, iterative computation phase-modulation holographic cell, writes the correspondence position of holographic stereogram.Calculating completes after all holographic cells, and the holographic stereogram obtaining is loaded in spatial light modulator, and LASER Light Source is collimated after system collimation, has been loaded the spatial light modulator modulation of holographic stereogram, reproduces the different visual angles of three-dimensional body in reproduction regions.
Described three-dimensional body multi-angle anaglyph, obtained by single ccd video camera along continuous straight runs and movement in vertical direction photographic subjects thing, or the two-dimensional array being made up of multiple ccd video cameras is taken and is obtained in different angles, also can adopt the method for computer graphics, directly be obtained by the three-dimensional model of object.
Described holographic cell frequency spectrum, according to holographic cell and the Fourier transform relation of reproducing plane, is extracted and is combined to form by the different pixels of multi-angle anaglyph.In order to adjust the gray modulation scope of phase-modulation holographic cell, in holographic cell frequency spectrum, add 0 and 255 gray levels, form the holographic cell frequency spectrum of demarcating.
Described phase-modulation holographic cell, taking the holographic cell frequency spectrum demarcated as reproducing target image, adopts the method for iteration Fourier transform, and the phase place of getting iteration output obtains.Holographic cell in the present invention is two-dimentional digital hologram, and modulation system is phase-modulation.
Described spatial light modulator can be transmission-type, can be also reflection-type, and modulating mode is phase-modulation.
Compared with prior art, holographic stereogram implementation method provided by the invention has the following advantages:
1, can realize the full parallax demonstration at the multiple visual angles of three-dimensional body, more meet the observation habit of human eye.
2, by calculating phase-modulation holographic cell, obtain the holographic stereogram of phase-modulation, can effectively reduce the interference of conjugate image in traditional which amplitude modulation, improve the utilization factor to spatial light modulator space-bandwidth product, under limited space-bandwidth product, can reproduce the more visual angle of three-dimensional body.
3, in holographic cell frequency spectrum, add gray level demarcation, made the gray modulation characteristic of phase-modulation holographic cell more accurate, can improve the visual angle image reproducing quality of holographic stereogram.
Brief description of the drawings
The accompanying drawing of the holographic stereogram implementation method of the full parallax of a kind of phase-modulation of the present invention has 5.
The structural representation of first embodiment of the holographic stereogram implementation method of the full parallax of a kind of phase-modulation of Fig. 1.
The structural representation of second embodiment of the holographic stereogram implementation method of the full parallax of a kind of phase-modulation of Fig. 2.
Fig. 3 generates holographic cell spectrum diagram by multi-angle anaglyph.
Fig. 4 holographic cell frequency spectrum is demarcated and holographic cell iterative computation process flow diagram.
The reproduction result of second embodiment of the holographic stereogram implementation method of the full parallax of a kind of phase-modulation of Fig. 5.
In Fig. 1～Fig. 5, (1)-object, (2)-ccd video camera, (3)-computing machine, (4)-holographic cell, (5)-holographic stereogram, (6)-LASER Light Source, (7)-colimated light system, (8)-spatial light modulator, (9)-multi-angle anaglyph, (10)-holographic cell frequency spectrum, the holographic cell frequency spectrum of (11)-demarcation.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and example, the present invention's " holographic stereogram implementation method of the full parallax of a kind of phase-modulation " is described further.
Fig. 1 is first embodiment of holographic stereogram implementation method provided by the invention, comprise object (1), ccd video camera (2), computing machine (3), holographic cell (4), holographic stereogram (5), LASER Light Source (6), colimated light system (7), spatial light modulator (8).
In this embodiment, object (1) is a three-dimensional portrait.Ccd video camera (2) be arranged on the parallel plane plane of holographic stereogram (5) on.Can adopt single ccd video camera (2) to move up with Vertical Square in the horizontal direction along this plane, or the method that the two-dimensional array that multiple ccd video cameras (2) form is taken simultaneously, the multi-angle anaglyph (9) of acquisition object (1).Holographic stereogram (5) is spatially divided into the function diffraction holographic cell (4) of multiple two dimensions, each holographic cell (4) is a width phase-modulation digital hologram, has to the ability of reproduction regions different directions diffracted ray.The multi-angle anaglyph (9) of object (1) is extracted the frequency spectrum (10) that is combined into (5) holographic cells (4) in holographic stereogram in computing machine, in frequency spectrum, add 0 and 255 gray levels to demarcate, generate the holographic cell frequency spectrum (11) of demarcating.Taking the holographic cell frequency spectrum (11) demarcated, for reproducing target image, employing iteration fourier transform algorithm, obtains the holographic cell (4) of phase-modulation, and holographic cell (4) is written in holographic stereogram (5).After the upper all holographic cells (4) of holographic stereogram (5) have calculated, obtain the phase-modulation holographic stereogram of full parallax (5) of object (1).Holographic stereogram (5) is loaded in spatial light modulator (8), spatial light modulator can be the spatial light modulator of various pure phase-modulations, as transmission-type or reflective, select the phase modulation-type spatial light modulator of transmission-type as the example of a convenient explanation of the present invention here.By colimated light system (7), the laser that LASER Light Source (6) is sent is shaped as directional light, and incides in spatial light modulator (8).Spatial light modulator (8) is owing to having loaded holographic stereogram (5), incident laser is modulated, and reproduction regions reproduce object (1) different visual angles, when human eye is observed in reproduction regions, due to two anaglyphs that receive different visual angles, as observed true three-dimension object, therefore realize holographic demonstration of full parallax of three-dimensional body.
Fig. 2 is second embodiment of the holographic stereogram implementation method of the full parallax of a kind of phase-modulation provided by the invention, and its concrete structure is similar to first embodiment, and it is identical with the first embodiment of the present invention that it implements principle.But in this embodiment,, multi-angle anaglyph (9) according to the three-dimensional mathematical model of object (1) or computer aided design cad model, adopts the method for computer graphics to generate by computing machine (3).The generative process of multi-angle anaglyph (9) is more simple and quick, be applicable to mathematical description known, can set up model, but the three-dimensional body of necessary being not.In the present embodiment, spatial light modulator (8) adopts reflective phase modulation-type spatial light modulator.
Fig. 3 generates holographic cell spectrum diagram by multi-angle anaglyph in the present invention.Holographic stereogram (5) is positioned at ξ-η plane, and reproduction regions (being eye-observation region) is set as being positioned at x-y plane.Some holographic cell (i on holographic stereogram (5), j), can be considered as the function diffraction element of a finite aperture, after playback light is by holographic cell (4) modulation, produce complex amplitude O (ξ, η)=A (ξ, η) exp[j φ (ξ, η)], wherein A (ξ, η) be amplitude, φ (ξ, η) is phase place.In the time that the aperture of holographic cell (4), holographic stereogram plane meet Fraunhofer diffraction condition with the distance z of reproducing plane
Wherein, k=2 π/λ is wave number, and λ is wavelength.Reproduce in plane and can be expressed as by the COMPLEX AMPLITUDE of holographic cell (i, j) diffraction
Wherein,
it is Fourier transform symbol.Can see, U (x, y) is the two-dimension fourier transform of O (ξ, η), therefore reproduces plane and can be considered as the frequency plane of holographic cell (4).For a width anaglyph of reproducing in plane, its pixel (i, j) is formed by holographic cell (i, the j) diffraction in holographic stereogram plane.Similarly, the pixel (i, j) in all anaglyphs forms by holographic cell (i, j) diffraction.Therefore, the frequency spectrum U (x, y) of holographic cell (i, j) is combined to form by the pixel (i, j) of all multi-angle anaglyphs.Adopt the method, can be by the multi-angle anaglyph (9) of object (1), obtain the frequency spectrum of the upper all holographic cells (4) of holographic stereogram (5).
Fig. 4 is that in the present invention, holographic cell frequency spectrum is demarcated and holographic cell iterative computation process flow diagram.Because holographic stereogram plane space is divided into multiple holographic cells (4), their frequency spectrum is separate.In order to ensure to reproduce the quality of anaglyph, need the gray modulation scope between different holographic cells (4) to there is consistance.Therefore, in the frequency spectrum (10) of each holographic cell, add 0 and 255 gray levels, the gray modulation scope of restriction holographic cell (4), improve the reproduction accuracy of holographic cell frequency spectrum (10), obtain the holographic cell frequency spectrum (11) of demarcating.
For reproducing target image, adopt the method calculating phase-modulation holographic cell (4) of iteration Fourier transform taking the holographic cell frequency spectrum (11) demarcated.Iterative process is: taking the holographic cell frequency spectrum (11) demarcated as amplitude, be combined to form initial complex amplitude with random phase; Adopt fast fourier transform, calculate the COMPLEX AMPLITUDE O (ξ, η) of holographic cell, using playback light intensity as amplitude, with the phase combination of O (ξ, η), and it is carried out to inverse Fourier transform, obtain reproducing face COMPLEX AMPLITUDE U (x, y); U (x, the y) phase place retaining, adds the holographic cell frequency spectrum (11) of demarcation as amplitude, repeats initial step and carries out interative computation.In the time reproducing satisfied the imposing a condition of error of the amplitude distribution of plane and the holographic cell frequency spectrum (11) of demarcation, iteration stopping, the phase place of output O (ξ, η) is as phase-modulation holographic cell (4).Owing to adopting phase-modulation, the same with kinoform, holographic stereogram provided by the invention can utilize the visual angle of whole light intensity reconstruct objects (1) of playback light in theory, improves diffraction efficiency.
Fig. 5 is the reproduction result that adopts second embodiment provided by the invention.Can see, at the diverse location that reproduces plane, can observe the different angles anaglyph of object (1) three-dimensional portrait, the full parallax of having realized three-dimensional body shows.Meanwhile, owing to having adopted phase-modulation, holographic stereogram provided by the invention can farthest be eliminated conjugate image.In the conjugate image position of the holographic stereogram of traditional which amplitude modulation, can reproduce equally the different visual angles of three-dimensional body, utilize more fully the space-bandwidth product of spatial light modulator, realize the more reproduction of various visual angles.For example, visual angle (3,4) are the conjugate image positions at visual angle (2,1), but (3,4) still can reproduce another visual angle of portrait at visual angle, and are not subject to the interference of visual angle (2,1) conjugate image.In addition, owing to having added 0 and 255 gray levels in holographic cell frequency spectrum (10), obtained the holographic cell frequency spectrum (11) of demarcating.The visual angle (4,4) of therefore, reproducing in anaglyph is 255 gray levels of demarcating in all holographic cells.For the demarcation of holographic cell frequency spectrum, realize the accurate control of phase-modulation holographic cell gray modulation scope, improve the reproduction quality of object anaglyph.
Claims (8)
1. the holographic stereogram implementation method of the full parallax of phase-modulation, it is characterized in that, at least contain object (1), ccd video camera (2), computing machine (3), holographic cell (4), holographic stereogram (5), LASER Light Source (6), colimated light system (7), spatial light modulator (8).Holographic stereogram (5) is split into the holographic cell (4) of multiple two dimensions, multi-angle anaglyph (9) sequence of ccd video camera (2) photographic subjects thing (1), according to each holographic cell (4) and the Fourier transform relation of reproducing plane, obtain holographic cell frequency spectrum (10) from multi-angle anaglyph (9) sequence, utilize 0 and 255 gray levels holographic cell frequency spectrum (10) to be demarcated to the holographic cell frequency spectrum (11) that obtains demarcation, adopt iteration fourier method to calculate the holographic cell (4) of pure phase-modulation, the all holographic cells that calculate are write to holographic stereogram (5), holographic stereogram (5) is loaded in spatial light modulator (8), the laser that LASER Light Source (6) is sent is after colimated light system (7) collimation, irradiate spatial light modulator (8), reproduce the multi-view image with stereoscopic vision of object (1) in reproduction regions.
2. the holographic stereogram implementation method of the full parallax of a kind of phase-modulation according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described holographic stereogram implementation method can, at the full parallax 3-d reproduction of reproduction regions realize target thing (1), all have visual angle difference in horizontal direction and the vertical direction of viewing area.
3. the holographic stereogram implementation method of the full parallax of a kind of phase-modulation according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that, described holographic cell (4) is two-dimensional digital hologram, and modulating mode is phase-modulation.
4. the holographic stereogram implementation method of the full parallax of a kind of phase-modulation according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that, the multi-angle anaglyph (9) of described object (1), the method of the two-dimensional array being made up of multiple ccd video cameras (2) or single ccd video camera (2) two-dimensional movement is taken and is obtained, or by the method for computer graphics, by three-dimensional mathematical model or the computer aided design cad model of object (1), calculate and obtain by computing machine (3).
5. the holographic stereogram implementation method of the full parallax of a kind of phase-modulation according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that, described holographic cell frequency spectrum (10), according to the Fourier transform relation between holographic cell (4) and reproduction face, extract combination producing by various visual angles anaglyph (9) by computing machine (3).
6. the holographic stereogram implementation method of the full parallax of a kind of phase-modulation according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that, in holographic cell frequency spectrum (10), add 0 and 255 gray levels, holographic cell (4) modulation range is demarcated, obtain the holographic cell frequency spectrum (11) of demarcating, realize the gray level control of phase-modulation.
7. the holographic stereogram implementation method of the full parallax of a kind of phase-modulation according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that, described holographic cell (4) is taking calibrated holographic cell frequency spectrum (11) as reproducing target image, adopt iteration fourier method to calculate, get the Quantization phase of iteration output as holographic cell (4).
8. the holographic stereogram implementation method of the full parallax of a kind of phase-modulation according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that, described spatial light modulator (8) is transmission-type, or the spatial light modulator of reflection-type, and modulating mode is phase-modulation.
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