CN103952853B - A kind of X-type fibrage method being applicable to water-oil separating - Google Patents
A kind of X-type fibrage method being applicable to water-oil separating Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN103952853B CN103952853B CN201410211202.0A CN201410211202A CN103952853B CN 103952853 B CN103952853 B CN 103952853B CN 201410211202 A CN201410211202 A CN 201410211202A CN 103952853 B CN103952853 B CN 103952853B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- fibers
- lipophilic
- oil
- hydrophobic property
- type
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
Landscapes
- Removal Of Floating Material (AREA)
- Water Treatment By Sorption (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of X-type fibrage method being applicable to water-oil separating, hydrophilic oleophobic fibers and oleophilic drainage fiber are adopted X-type weaving manner, by the angle that regulates hydrophilic oleophobic fibers and oleophilic drainage fiber and then the requirement met different oil water separation process.This braid method is simple, can be applicable to the oil dehydrating of different occasion or the requirement of sewage degrease, can be widely used in the oil water separation process of industry-by-industry.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the oily water separation technique of petrochemical industry, field of Environment Protection, be specifically related to a kind of fibrage method being applicable to water-oil separating.
Background technology
There is a large amount of oil water separation processes in the fields such as petrochemical industry, environmental protection, Coal Chemical Industry, the physical technique of current water-oil separating mainly contains the methods such as gravitational settling, cyclonic separation, coalescence filtration, UF membrane.For gravitational settling, mainly can remove the oil slick in sewage or the free state water in oil product, namely the particle diameter free oil droplet or the water droplet that are greater than 100 μm, effectively can not be separated removal to the dispersed oil droplets of less than 100 μm (water droplet); Cyclone separation process is applicable to the quick removal process containing a large amount of (oil) water, and can not effectively be separated less than 15 μm oil droplets (water droplet) and emulsification water droplet, because being that rotation function is separated by potential energy, energy consumption is relatively high; Coalescence filtration is separated by permeability, and accommodation is narrower, and factory application process exists short problem in service life, and the problem that same UF membrane also exists easy pollution, service life is not grown, each technology is only applicable to specific process.
Therefore this area is low in the urgent need to development cost, simple to operate, energy consumption is low and the oily water separation technique that efficiency is high, to enrich the choice of technology of oil water separation process.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve above-mentioned the deficiencies in the prior art, the invention provides a kind of X-type fibrage method being applicable to water-oil separating, concrete technical scheme is as follows:
Be applicable to an X-type fibrage method for water-oil separating, described fiber comprises hydrophilic lipophobic fibers and lipophilic-hydrophobic property fiber, and described X-type fibrage method is as follows:
(1) described hydrophilic lipophobic fibers and lipophilic-hydrophobic property fiber are carried out x-shape interlock braiding;
(2) when being applied to sewage degrease process, the weaving direction of described hydrophilic lipophobic fibers is consistent with the flow direction of described profit;
When the oil droplet size in described sewage is 0.1 ~ 15 μm, the braid angle of described lipophilic-hydrophobic property fiber and hydrophilic lipophobic fibers is 15 degree to 40 degree in the counterclockwise direction, and now the linear velocity of described sewage is less than or equal to 0.02m/s;
When the oil droplet size in described sewage is 15 ~ 50 μm, the braid angle of described lipophilic-hydrophobic property fiber and hydrophilic lipophobic fibers is 40 degree to 70 degree in the counterclockwise direction, and now the linear velocity of described sewage is less than or equal to 0.05m/s.
The present inventor is through the discovery that studies for a long period of time, when lipophilic-hydrophobic property fiber and horizontal line angle are 15 degree to 40 degree (counterclockwise), and the linear velocity of drainage flow is when being not more than 0.02m/s, be that 0.1 ~ 15 μm of oil droplet has efficient separative efficiency to particle diameter in sewage, because the hydrophilic lipophobic fibers angle of lipophilic-hydrophobic property fiber and level is less, particle diameter is the Nodes that the less oil droplet of 0.1 ~ 15 μm moves to two fibers, by oleophilic drainage and hydrophilic oleophobic polarity active force, what oil droplet was subject to oleophilic drainage fiber pulls power, and angle less time when horizontal displacement distance is equal oil droplet loading process longer, more easily separated, otherwise, if when angle is large or drainage flow linear velocity is too fast, oil droplet because of loading process short, and it is not easily separated, as shown in Figure 1, and when lipophilic-hydrophobic property fiber and horizontal line angle be 40 degree to 70 degree and the linear velocity of drainage flow is not more than 0.05m/s, good effect is had to the quick separating of 15 ~ 50 μm of dispersed oil droplets, because level angle is large, during horizontal movement, oil droplet more can rise separated along oleophylic fiber fast.
The flow direction of described sewage is level 0 degree.
When described Oil in Sewage Water content is 50 ~ 1000mg/L, adjacent two hydrophilic lipophobic fibers spacing a are 1 ~ 3 times of the spacing b of adjacent two lipophilic-hydrophobic property fibers; When described Oil in Sewage Water content is 1000 ~ 10000mg/L, adjacent two hydrophilic lipophobic fibers spacing a are 3 ~ 6 times of the spacing b of adjacent two lipophilic-hydrophobic property fibers.
Because Oil in Sewage Water content is less, the oil droplet of lower content is attached on water droplet with particulate, therefore the probability that more lipophilic fiber and hydrophilic fibers contact point pair catch little oil droplet is also larger, therefore, as above-mentioned, it is best that the ratio of a:b controls effect 1 ~ 3 times time, more than 3 by time efficiency have no and significantly improve, then the words cost increasing lipophilic fiber ratio is larger and meaningless; And time larger for oil-in-water content, the particle diameter of oil droplet is also larger, need more lipophilic fiber catch and fast guiding coalescent, grow up and oil droplet be separated, when finding that oil-in-water content is 1000 ~ 10000mg/L through studying for a long period of time, as above-mentioned, it is best that the ratio of a:b controls separating effect 3 ~ 6 times time.
Be applicable to an X-type fibrage method for water-oil separating, described fiber comprises hydrophilic lipophobic fibers and lipophilic-hydrophobic property fiber, and described X-type fibrage method is as follows:
(1) described hydrophilic lipophobic fibers and lipophilic-hydrophobic property fiber are carried out x-shape interlock braiding;
(2) when being applied to oil dehydrating process, the weaving direction of described lipophilic-hydrophobic property fiber is consistent with the flow direction of described profit;
When the drop particle diameter in described oil product is 0.1 ~ 15 μm, the braid angle of described hydrophilic lipophobic fibers and lipophilic-hydrophobic property fiber is 15 degree to 40 degree along clockwise direction, and now the linear velocity of described oil product is less than or equal to 0.015m/s;
When the drop particle diameter in described oil product is 15 ~ 50 μm, the braid angle of described hydrophilic lipophobic fibers and lipophilic-hydrophobic property fiber is 40 degree to 70 degree along clockwise direction, and now the linear velocity of described oil product is less than or equal to 0.04m/s.
The present inventor is through the discovery that studies for a long period of time, when hydrophilic lipophobic fibers and horizontal line (oleophilic drainage fiber) angle be 15 degree to 25 degree and the linear velocity that oil product flows is not more than 0.015m/s time, efficient separative efficiency is had to the water droplet (emulsification water droplet) that particle diameter is 0.1 ~ 15 μm, this is because when the lipophilic-hydrophobic property fiber angle of hydrophilic lipophobic fibers and level is less, little water droplet be generally attached to compared with on larger oil droplet or in water in oil state motion to the Nodes of two fibers, by hydrophilic oleophobic and oleophilic drainage polarity active force, what water droplet was subject to hydrophilic oleophobic fibers pulls power, and angle less time when horizontal displacement distance is equal water droplet loading process longer, more easily separated, otherwise, if when angle is large, water droplet because of loading process short, and not easily separated under, shown in Figure 2, and when hydrophilic lipophobic fibers and horizontal line angle are between 45 degree to 70 degree, have good effect to the quick separating of dispersion water droplet, because level angle is large, during horizontal movement, water droplet more can move downward along hydrophilic fibre and be separated rapidly after interaction with the target molecules fast.
When in described oil product, water content is 50 ~ 1000mg/L, adjacent two lipophilic-hydrophobic property fiber spacing a are 1 ~ 4 times of the spacing b of adjacent two hydrophilic lipophobic fibers; When in described oil product, water content is 1000 ~ 10000mg/L, adjacent two lipophilic-hydrophobic property fiber spacing a are 4 ~ 8 times of the spacing b of adjacent two hydrophilic lipophobic fibers.This process is contrary with sewage degrease process, but due to water droplet different with surface tension from the viscosity of oil droplet, different proportion of fibers slightly difference when thus reaching high efficient oil dehydration.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is that in X-type fibrage method, braid angle affects schematic diagram to sewage degrease separating effect;
Fig. 2 is that in X-type fibrage method, braid angle affects schematic diagram to oil dehydrating separating effect;
Fig. 3 is applied to X-shaped fibrage method schematic diagram in sewage degrease process;
Fig. 4 is applied to X-shaped fibrage method schematic diagram in oil dehydrating process;
Fig. 5 is the separation schematic diagram of oil droplet on X-shaped fibrage in sewage degrease process;
Fig. 6 is the separation schematic diagram of water droplet on X-shaped fibrage in oil dehydrating process.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the present invention is further described.
embodiment 1
The oil-polluted water of certain petro-chemical corporation's hydrogenation plant adopts braid method of the present invention to carry out oil removing, in oil-polluted water, oil-containing is about 2000mg/L, wherein about 30% is the emulsified oil droplet of 0.1 ~ 15 μm, 70% is the suspension oil droplet of 15 ~ 30 μm, operating temperature 40 DEG C, after requiring sewage degrease, oil content is less than 100mg/L.
Scheme Choice: in this programme, diesel oil moisture is lower, in oil-polluted water, oil-containing is about 2000mg/L, wherein about 30% is the emulsified oil droplet of 0.1 ~ 15 μm, 70% is the suspension oil droplet of 15 ~ 30 μm, therefore intend adopting syllogic X-type layers of braided fibers to be separated oily waste water, because containing more emulsified oil droplet, therefore oily waste water flow control is 0.015m/s
The spacing b of adjacent two lipophilic-hydrophobic property fibers of first paragraph X-type fiber braiding layer is b:a=3 with the ratio of the spacing a of adjacent two long and slender dimensions of hydrophilic oleophobic property, θ=50 ° (as shown in Figure 3), design function be first by the particle diameter of 70% be 15 ~ 30 μm suspended oil remove; The fibrolaminar length of first paragraph is 300mm, and namely sewage stops about 20s at this section fibre layer.
The b:a=1.5 (definition of b, a is the same) of second segment X-shaped fiber braiding layer, θ=20 °, design function is first be that the emulsified oil droplet of 0.1 ~ 15 μm carries out breakdown of emulsion and grows up and the removal of part by the particle diameter of 30%; The fibrolaminar length of second segment is 450mm, and namely sewage stops about 30s at this section fibre layer.
The b:a=3 (definition of b, a is the same) of the 3rd section of X-shaped fiber braiding layer, θ=60 °, design function is first carry out quick supplementary set removal by through the coalescent oil droplet of growing up of second segment and the unsegregated oil droplet of first paragraph, the length of the 3rd section fibre layer is 300mm, and namely sewage stops about 20s at this section fibre layer.
In sewage degrease process, the separation process of oil droplet on X-shaped fibrage as shown in Figure 5.
Implementation result: in oil-polluted water, oil content is reduced to 60 ~ 8565mg/L after the process of X-type braided fiber, reaches design objective and stablizes the separation requirement being less than 100mg/L, meet design and operation condition.
embodiment 2
The diesel oil of certain petro-chemical corporation's hydrogenation plant adopts braid method of the present invention to dewater, the moisture about 800mg/L of diesel oil, wherein about 15% is the emulsification water droplet of 0.1 ~ 15 μm, and 85% is the dispersion water droplet of 15 ~ 30 μm, operating temperature 50 DEG C, after requiring diesel oil dewatering, oil content is less than 200mg/L.
Scheme Choice: in this programme, diesel oil moisture is lower, the moisture about 800mg/L of diesel oil, wherein about 15% is the emulsification water droplet of 0.1 ~ 15 μm, 85% is the dispersion water droplet of 15 ~ 30 μm,, therefore intend adopting two-part X-type layers of braided fibers to carry out diesel oil dewatering process, because containing more emulsified oil droplet, diesel stream speed control is made as 0.012m/s
The spacing b of adjacent two hydrophilic oleophobic property fibres of first paragraph X-type fiber braiding layer is b:a=1:2 with the ratio of the spacing a of adjacent two lipophilic-hydrophobic property fibers, θ=50 ° (as shown in Figure 4), design function be first by the particle diameter of 85% be 15 ~ 30 μm dispersion water droplet remove, remove the emulsification water droplet of trace simultaneously, the fibrolaminar length of first paragraph is 360mm, and namely oil product stops about 30s at this section fibre layer and dewaters.
The b:a=1:3 (definition of the same the present embodiment 2 of definition of b, a) of second segment X-shaped fiber braiding layer, θ=25 °, design function is first be that the emulsification water droplet of 0.1 ~ 15 μm carries out breakdown of emulsion and grows up and be separated by the particle diameter of 15%, the fibrolaminar length of first paragraph is also 360mm, and namely oil product stops about 30s at this section fibre layer and dewaters.
In oil dehydrating process, the separation process of oil droplet on X-shaped fibrage as shown in Figure 6.
Implementation result: in diesel oil, water content is reduced to 120 ~ 150mg/L after the process of X-type braided fiber, reaches design objective and stablizes the separation requirement being less than 200mg/L, meet design and operation condition.
Be only preferred embodiment of the present invention in sum, be not used for limiting practical range of the present invention.And all equivalences done according to the content of the present patent application the scope of the claims change and modify, and all should be technology category of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. be applicable to an X-type fibrage method for water-oil separating, described fiber comprises hydrophilic lipophobic fibers and lipophilic-hydrophobic property fiber, it is characterized in that, described X-type fibrage method is as follows:
(1) described hydrophilic lipophobic fibers and lipophilic-hydrophobic property fiber are carried out x-shape interlock braiding;
(2) when being applied to sewage degrease process, the weaving direction of described hydrophilic lipophobic fibers is consistent with the flow direction of described sewage;
When the oil droplet size in described sewage is 0.1 ~ 15 μm, the braid angle of described lipophilic-hydrophobic property fiber and hydrophilic lipophobic fibers is 15 degree to 40 degree in the counterclockwise direction, and now the linear velocity of described sewage is less than or equal to 0.02m/s;
When the oil droplet size in described sewage is 15 ~ 50 μm, the braid angle of described lipophilic-hydrophobic property fiber and hydrophilic lipophobic fibers is 40 degree to 70 degree in the counterclockwise direction, and now the linear velocity of described sewage is less than or equal to 0.05m/s.
2. X-type fibrage method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the flow direction of described sewage is level 0 degree.
3. X-type fibrage method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, when described Oil in Sewage Water content is 50 ~ 1000mg/L, the spacing a of adjacent two hydrophilic lipophobic fibers is 1 ~ 3 times of the spacing b of adjacent two lipophilic-hydrophobic property fibers; When described Oil in Sewage Water content is 1000 ~ 10000mg/L, adjacent two hydrophilic lipophobic fibers spacing a are 3 ~ 6 times of the spacing b of adjacent two lipophilic-hydrophobic property fibers.
4. be applicable to an X-type fibrage method for water-oil separating, described fiber comprises hydrophilic lipophobic fibers and lipophilic-hydrophobic property fiber, it is characterized in that, described X-type fibrage method is as follows:
(1) described hydrophilic lipophobic fibers and lipophilic-hydrophobic property fiber are carried out X-type braiding;
(2) when being applied to oil dehydrating process, the weaving direction of described lipophilic-hydrophobic property fiber is consistent with the flow direction of described oil product;
When the drop particle diameter in described oil product is 0.1 ~ 15 μm, the braid angle of described hydrophilic lipophobic fibers and lipophilic-hydrophobic property fiber is 15 degree to 40 degree along clockwise direction, and now the linear velocity of described oil product is less than or equal to 0.015m/s;
When the drop particle diameter in described oil product is 15 ~ 50 μm, the braid angle of described hydrophilic lipophobic fibers and lipophilic-hydrophobic property fiber is 40 degree to 70 degree along clockwise direction, and now the linear velocity of described oil product is less than or equal to 0.04m/s.
5. X-type fibrage method as claimed in claim 4, it is characterized in that, when in described oil product, water content is 50 ~ 1000mg/L, the spacing a of adjacent two lipophilic-hydrophobic property fibers is 1 ~ 4 times of the spacing b of adjacent two hydrophilic lipophobic fibers; When in described oil product, water content is 1000 ~ 10000mg/L, the spacing a of adjacent two lipophilic-hydrophobic property fibers is 4 ~ 8 times of the spacing b of adjacent two hydrophilic lipophobic fibers.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410211202.0A CN103952853B (en) | 2014-05-19 | 2014-05-19 | A kind of X-type fibrage method being applicable to water-oil separating |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410211202.0A CN103952853B (en) | 2014-05-19 | 2014-05-19 | A kind of X-type fibrage method being applicable to water-oil separating |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN103952853A CN103952853A (en) | 2014-07-30 |
| CN103952853B true CN103952853B (en) | 2015-08-26 |
Family
ID=51330194
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410211202.0A Active CN103952853B (en) | 2014-05-19 | 2014-05-19 | A kind of X-type fibrage method being applicable to water-oil separating |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN103952853B (en) |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106823470B (en) * | 2017-01-12 | 2019-02-26 | 华东理工大学 | A kind of compound coalescence material for water de-oiling |
| CN110079357A (en) * | 2019-04-12 | 2019-08-02 | 华东理工大学 | A kind of electric field-enhanced fibre module unit of abnormity and application |
| CN112062216B (en) * | 2020-09-17 | 2023-07-25 | 华东理工大学 | Demulsification method and device for double-emulsion droplet internal circulation flow based on fiber heterojunction |
| CN113526791B (en) * | 2021-07-23 | 2023-04-07 | 上海中器环保科技有限公司 | Treatment device and method for biodiesel production wastewater |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2463274A (en) * | 2008-09-05 | 2010-03-10 | Bp Exploration Operating | Apparatus and methods for separating a multiphase fluid |
| CN102416269A (en) * | 2011-08-23 | 2012-04-18 | 北京航空航天大学 | Micro/nano interface separation net as well as preparation method and application thereof |
| CN102728104A (en) * | 2012-07-12 | 2012-10-17 | 北京航空航天大学 | Corrosion-resistant oil-water separation mesh membrane as well as preparation method and applications thereof |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2005199260A (en) * | 2003-12-18 | 2005-07-28 | Hitachi Ltd | Oil separation apparatus |
| US8409448B2 (en) * | 2009-01-13 | 2013-04-02 | The University Of Akron | Mixed hydrophilic/hydrophobic fiber media for liquid-liquid coalescence |
| JP2010214255A (en) * | 2009-03-13 | 2010-09-30 | Sumitomo Electric Ind Ltd | Separation membrane |
| MX2014015289A (en) * | 2012-06-14 | 2015-04-10 | Univ Texas | Non-dispersive oil recovery from oil industry liquid sources. |
-
2014
- 2014-05-19 CN CN201410211202.0A patent/CN103952853B/en active Active
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2463274A (en) * | 2008-09-05 | 2010-03-10 | Bp Exploration Operating | Apparatus and methods for separating a multiphase fluid |
| CN102416269A (en) * | 2011-08-23 | 2012-04-18 | 北京航空航天大学 | Micro/nano interface separation net as well as preparation method and application thereof |
| CN102728104A (en) * | 2012-07-12 | 2012-10-17 | 北京航空航天大学 | Corrosion-resistant oil-water separation mesh membrane as well as preparation method and applications thereof |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN103952853A (en) | 2014-07-30 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN103952853B (en) | A kind of X-type fibrage method being applicable to water-oil separating | |
| Ali et al. | Design, engineering and analytical perspectives of membrane materials with smart surfaces for efficient oil/water separation | |
| CN103964545B (en) | Method and device for deep oil removal of wastewater containing low-concentration sump oil | |
| CN206063856U (en) | A kind of oily-water seperating equipment of employing teflon membrane filter | |
| Sokolović et al. | Separation of oil-in-water emulsion using two coalescers of different geometry | |
| Zhang et al. | Spider silk bioinspired superhydrophilic nanofibrous membrane for efficient oil/water separation of nanoemulsions | |
| CN107540105B (en) | Oil removing method and device for cold rolling concentrated oil emulsion wastewater | |
| CN204079541U (en) | A kind of device waste water containing lower concentration sump oil being carried out to degree of depth oil removing | |
| CN104831415A (en) | Porous fiber membrane with oil-water emulsion separation capacity and preparation method thereof | |
| Kwon et al. | Comprehensive electrokinetic-assisted separation of oil emulsion with ultrahigh flux | |
| CN109943359A (en) | A kind of electric field-enhanced fibre module unit and its application | |
| Ramakrishna et al. | Electrospun membranes: Next generation membranes for desalination and water/wastewater treatment | |
| CN112408544A (en) | Emulsified wastewater deoiling and purifying device based on special wetting material | |
| Yi et al. | Separation of oil/water emulsion using nano-particle (TiO2/Al2O3) modified PVDF ultrafiltration membranes and evaluation of fouling mechanism | |
| Ullah et al. | Prediction of size distribution of crude oil drops in the permeate using a slotted pore membrane | |
| CN204034328U (en) | The efficient separation equipment of modular combination | |
| CN103952852A (en) | Omega-shaped fiber weaving method suitable for deep oil-water separation | |
| CN209618941U (en) | A kind of depth degreasing unit of aromatic device production waste | |
| CN104843817B (en) | A kind of horizontal air supporting coupled wave card deoiling method and its device | |
| Ali et al. | Robust bioinspired surfaces and their exploitation for petroleum hydrocarbon remediation | |
| CN101148278A (en) | Oil-water purifying method and equipment thereof | |
| Shirazi et al. | Electrospun filters for oil–water separation | |
| Liu et al. | Internal reuse of methanol-to-olefin wastewater based on micro-channel separation coupling hydrocyclone regeneration | |
| JP2006281123A (en) | Oil/water separator | |
| Briscoe et al. | Separation of emulsions using fibrous fabric |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| C53 | Correction of patent for invention or patent application | ||
| CB03 | Change of inventor or designer information |
Inventor after: Yang Qiang Inventor after: Wang Chaoyang Inventor after: Lu Hao Inventor after: Xu Xiao Inventor after: Liu Sen Inventor before: Yang Qiang Inventor before: Wang Chaoyang Inventor before: Lu Hao Inventor before: Xu Xiao Inventor before: Yang Sen |
|
| COR | Change of bibliographic data |
Free format text: CORRECT: INVENTOR; FROM: YANG QIANG WANG ZHAOYANG LU HAO XU XIAO YANG SEN TO: YANG QIANG WANG ZHAOYANG LU HAO XU XIAO LIU SEN |
|
| C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |