CN103951503A - Preparation method of coated controlled-release fertilizer - Google Patents
Preparation method of coated controlled-release fertilizer Download PDFInfo
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- CN103951503A CN103951503A CN201410152942.1A CN201410152942A CN103951503A CN 103951503 A CN103951503 A CN 103951503A CN 201410152942 A CN201410152942 A CN 201410152942A CN 103951503 A CN103951503 A CN 103951503A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a preparation method of a coated controlled-release fertilizer. The preparation method comprises the following steps: mixing polyisocyanate and polyol according to a proportion and reacting by taking acetone as solvent to generate water-soluble polyurethane; adding turpentine and polyvinyl alcohol, placing into a reaction kettle and performing stirring reaction at the temperature of 50 DEG C for 1h to form coating liquid; sending fertilizer particles into a fluidized bed for preheating at the temperature of 60 DEG C, forming a jet flow under the action of gravity, spraying coating liquid on the surfaces of the fertilizer particles, drying with hot air and coating once; entering a circulating fluidized bed for continuously coating and forming the coated controlled-release fertilizer within 2-4h; recovering coating liquid steam into the reaction kettle for repeated dissolution and utilization through a condensation recovery device. According to the preparation method, a condensation reflux device is increased, so that pollution is reduced; turpentine is taken as film-forming additive, so that the anti-mechanical damage capability is strong. By adopting the preparation method provided by the invention, the coating rate is 5%-30%, a product has good film-forming performance, different nutrient release curves are obtained by regulating the proportion of materials and the spraying time and the demands of different crops for nutrients are further met.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of preparation method of film-coated controlled release fertilizer.
Background technology
Release and release control fertilizer is a kind of to carrying out controllable adjustment, new-type fertilizer with high content of technology to nutrient releasing speed, its nutrient releasing speed can regulate and control by physics, chemistry and animal nutrition, realize short releasing or the two-ways regulation of slowly-releasing, the supply and the demand basic synchronization of crop to nutrient that make nutritive element in fertilizer, realize running balance.The production method of coated fertilizer and technique have determined the releasing mechanism of release and release control fertilizer.
The general method of fertilizer coating has prilling tower spray method, fluidized bed coating method, rotary drum or disk to be coated method, infiltrates centrifuging etc.Coated fertilizer used mainly contains pitch, resin, paraffin, various polymkeric substance, urea aldehyde, difficultly soluble phosphatic fertilizer and sulphur etc., and what use morely is wax, sulphur, thermosetting resin and thermoplastic resin.Our times main flow release and release control fertilizer comprises that release and release control fertilizer that the high molecular polymer being comprised of urethane resin, epoxy resin, Synolac, unsaturated polyester resin, resol, acrylic resin, urea resin, melmac, silicone resin etc. of the commodity of U.S. Scotts company Osmocote by name is thermohardening resin coated and the state such as Japanese are with polyethylene coated fertilizer, sulfur coated fertilizer.
Polymer coated fertilizer adopts prilling tower spray method conventionally.Its technical process is: coating coating solution is pressurizeed, after jet atomization, enter in prilling tower, aerosol and reverse contact of fertiliser granulates of getting off from prilling tower top sprinkle, the coating solution after atomization is applied to fertilizer surface equably, and by the solid film forming of heat of fertilizer self.The release rate of polymer coated fertilizer only depends on membrane wrapping thickness and envrionment temperature, and it controls effective to fertilizer release rate.But the complex manufacturing of this fertilizer, facility investment is large, the long-time pyroprocessing of process need of wrapped resin.Therefore the equipment of manufacturing resin coated controlled release fertilizer material is complicated, and energy consumption is large, and fertilizer cost rises, and selling price is high.
Polyethylene kind coated fertilizer is to be wrapped in the controlled availability fertilizer that make on fertilizer surface after the polyethylene of recovery is dissolved, and has avoided the waste of fertilizer, improves the utilization ratio of fertilizer, has the feature of environment-friendly high-efficiency.Therefore but poly solvent is organic solvent, production cost rises, and simultaneously because of polyethylene hard degradation, the organic solvent in production all can be to environment, and mainly with coated urea, is main greatly, controls that to discharge nutrient single, uses inconvenience.
Sulfur coated fertilizer is at urea surface parcel one deck sulphur, to reach the object of nitrogen slowly-releasing, low cost.The production process of sulfur coated urea (SCU) is: urea first preheating before parcel, sulphur melts in the container of 282 ℃, warm air is pressed into shower nozzle by the sulphur of melting, spray to urea, sulphur forms thin film on the urea granules surface of rotating, proceed in paraffin drum and wax, add sterilant, as coal tar wet goods simultaneously.After waxing, fertile grain proceeds in water cooler and is as cold as below 82 ℃, adds amendment, rotates several minutes, sieves.Separately there is research to point out to add formed by dicyclopentadiene and glyceride copolymer coated on original sulphur undercoat basis, or by changing encapsulant as the encapsulant that adds urea-formaldehyde resin and ammonium chloride, ammonium superphosphate, ammonium citrate, hexamethyl four ammoniums and zinc sulfate to form, to simplify production technique and to reduce production costs.But its rate of release to fertilizer is controlled poor, and easily cause soil acidification, application effect is not good.
The shortcomings such as the production method of above coated fertilizer and technique exist production cost high, and effect is not remarkable, and mostly be intermittent production, cause production energy consumption to rise, decline to equipment life.Current polyurethane coated process using be fluidized bed plant, but it does not recycle the steam in production process, has caused the pollution to environment.
In sum, the coated fertilizer that existing Controlled Release Fertilizer is selected exists that complex process, production cost are high, energy consumption rises more, the environmental pollution problem such as heavily.This is also the expensive major reason of release and release control fertilizer.Therefore, can be water-soluble resin coated by selecting, improvement of production process, reduces manufacturing cost, widelys popularize film-coated controlled release fertilizer.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is for above-mentioned present situation, aim to provide that a kind of production cost is low, nutrient release profiles can regulate according to Different Crop nutrient, to meet the preparation method of Different Crop to the film-coated controlled release fertilizer of the demand of Controlled Release Fertilizer.
The implementation of the object of the invention is, a kind of preparation method of film-coated controlled release fertilizer, and the concrete steps of preparation are as follows:
(1) prepare aqurous ployurethane, by polyisocyanates and polyvalent alcohol according to 0.9-1.5: 1 ratio is mixed, the aqurous ployurethane that the acetone of take generates as solvent reaction;
Described polyisocyanates is a kind of in toluene diisocyanate, diphenylmethanediisocyanate, polymethylene polyphenyl vulcabond;
Described polyvalent alcohol is a kind of in polyoxypropyleneglycol, polytetrahydrofuran diol, tetrahydrofuran (THF)-propylene oxide copolymerization glycol;
(2) get aqurous ployurethane, 5-20 part turps, 0.5-2 part polyvinyl alcohol of 100 parts of steps (1) gained, be placed in stirring reaction 1h at 50 ℃ of reactors, form covering liquid, under the effect of pressure pump, covering liquid atomizing pressure reaches 0.05-0.3Mpa; Atomization speed is 5-20mL/min;
(3) 1000-5000 part fertiliser granulates is sent into preheating under 60 ℃ of conditions in fluidized-bed by travelling belt, utilize action of gravity to decline and form jet flow, step (1) gained covering liquid is sprayed on to fertiliser granulates surface by spraying plant, hot blast through 70-90 ℃ is dried, and completes coating one time; The fertiliser granulates that completes a coating enters in circulating fluidized bed and continues coating, completes coating in 2-4h, forms film-coated controlled release fertilizer;
(4) covering liquid steam is recovered to the interior redissolve utilization of reactor of (1) by condensate recycling device.
The present invention has following advantage:
1, on original fluidized-bed basis, increased condensation reflux unit, reduced because covering liquid organism evaporate into and in air, caused the pollution to environment;
2, can by the proportioning of adjusting polyisocyanates and polyvalent alcohol, regulate the porosity of urethane, control the solubility rate of coated fertilizer; By regulating ratio and the spray time adjustment release speed of polyvinyl alcohol and urethane;
3, utilize turps as film coalescence aid, the anti-physical abuse ability of coated fertilizer of producing is strong, has reduced the controlled release rate therefore causing and has declined.
The film-coated controlled release fertilizer that adopts the present invention to produce has good film forming properties, and coating rate is at 5%-30%, and nutrient release profiles can regulate according to Different Crop nutrient uptake curve, meets the demand of Different Crop to Controlled Release Fertilizer.
Embodiment
The present invention by polyisocyanates and polyvalent alcohol in 0.9-1.5: 1 ratio is mixed, and the acetone of take generates aqurous ployurethane as solvent reaction; 5-20 part turps, 0.5-2 part polyvinyl alcohol, be placed in stirring reaction 1h at 50 ℃ of reactors, form covering liquid, fertiliser granulates is sent into 60 ℃ of preheatings in fluidized-bed, action of gravity declines and forms jet flow, covering liquid is sprayed on to fertiliser granulates surface, through the warm air drying of 70-90 ℃, completes coating one time; Enter in circulating fluidized bed and continue coating, in 2-4h, form film-coated controlled release fertilizer; Covering liquid steam is recovered to redissolve in reactor by condensate recycling device to be utilized.
The mean polymerisation degree of described polyvinyl alcohol is 1000-1200.
With specific embodiment in detail the present invention is described in detail below.
Example 1:
(1) prepare aqurous ployurethane, toluene diisocyanate is mixed according to the ratio of 0.9: 1 with polyoxypropyleneglycol, the aqurous ployurethane that the acetone of take generates as solvent reaction;
(2) get the aqurous ployurethane of 100 parts of steps (1) gained, 5 parts of turps, 0.5 part of polyvinyl alcohol, be placed in stirring reaction 1h at 50 ℃ of reactors, form covering liquid, under the effect of pressure pump, covering liquid atomizing pressure reaches 0.05Mpa; Atomization speed is 5mL/min;
(3) 1000 parts of fertiliser granulates are sent into preheating under 60 ℃ of conditions in fluidized-bed by travelling belt, utilize action of gravity to decline and form jet flow, step (1) gained covering liquid is sprayed on to fertiliser granulates surface by spraying plant, through the hot blasts of 80 ℃, is dried, complete coating one time; The fertiliser granulates that completes a coating enters in circulating fluidized bed and continues coating, completes coating in 2h, forms film-coated controlled release fertilizer;
(4) covering liquid steam is recovered to the interior redissolve utilization of reactor of (1) by condensate recycling device.
Example 2:
(1) prepare aqurous ployurethane, toluene diisocyanate is mixed according to the ratio of 0.9: 1 with polyoxypropyleneglycol, the aqurous ployurethane that the acetone of take generates as solvent reaction;
(2) get the aqurous ployurethane of 100 parts of steps (1) gained, 5 parts of turps, 0.5 part of polyvinyl alcohol, be placed in stirring reaction 1h at 50 ℃ of reactors, form covering liquid, under the effect of pressure pump, covering liquid atomizing pressure reaches 0.1Mpa; Atomization speed is 5mL/min;
(3) 1000 parts of fertiliser granulates are sent into preheating under 60 ℃ of conditions in fluidized-bed by travelling belt, utilize action of gravity to decline and form jet flow, step (1) gained covering liquid is sprayed on to fertiliser granulates surface by spraying plant, through the hot blasts of 80 ℃, is dried, complete coating one time; The fertiliser granulates that completes a coating enters in circulating fluidized bed and continues coating, completes coating in 2h, forms film-coated controlled release fertilizer;
(4) covering liquid steam is recovered to the interior redissolve utilization of reactor of (1) by condensate recycling device.
Example 3:
(1) prepare aqurous ployurethane, toluene diisocyanate is mixed according to the ratio of 1: 1 with polyoxypropyleneglycol, the aqurous ployurethane that the acetone of take generates as solvent reaction;
(2) get the aqurous ployurethane of 100 parts of steps (1) gained, 10 parts of turps, 1 part of polyvinyl alcohol, be placed in stirring reaction 1h at 50 ℃ of reactors, form covering liquid, under the effect of pressure pump, covering liquid atomizing pressure reaches 0.2Mpa; Atomization speed is 10mL/min;
(3) 3000 parts of fertiliser granulates are sent into preheating under 60 ℃ of conditions in fluidized-bed by travelling belt, utilize action of gravity to decline and form jet flow, step (1) gained covering liquid is sprayed on to fertiliser granulates surface by spraying plant, through the hot blasts of 70 ℃, is dried, complete coating one time; The fertiliser granulates that completes a coating enters in circulating fluidized bed and continues coating, completes coating in 3h, forms film-coated controlled release fertilizer;
(4) covering liquid steam is recovered to the interior redissolve utilization of reactor of (1) by condensate recycling device.
Example 4:
(1) prepare aqurous ployurethane, toluene diisocyanate is mixed according to the ratio of 1.2: 1 with polyoxypropyleneglycol, the aqurous ployurethane that the acetone of take generates as solvent reaction;
(2) get the aqurous ployurethane of 100 parts of steps (1) gained, 10 parts of turps, 1 part of polyvinyl alcohol, be placed in stirring reaction 1h at 50 ℃ of reactors, form covering liquid, under the effect of pressure pump, covering liquid atomizing pressure reaches 0.2Mpa; Atomization speed is 10mL/min;
(3) 3000 parts of fertiliser granulates are sent into preheating under 60 ℃ of conditions in fluidized-bed by travelling belt, utilize action of gravity to decline and form jet flow, step (1) gained covering liquid is sprayed on to fertiliser granulates surface by spraying plant, through the hot blasts of 90 ℃, is dried, complete coating one time; The fertiliser granulates that completes a coating enters in circulating fluidized bed and continues coating, completes coating in 3h, forms film-coated controlled release fertilizer;
(4) covering liquid steam is recovered to the interior redissolve utilization of reactor of (1) by condensate recycling device.
Example 5:
(1) prepare aqurous ployurethane, toluene diisocyanate is mixed according to the ratio of 1.5: 1 with polyoxypropyleneglycol, the aqurous ployurethane that the acetone of take generates as solvent reaction;
(2) get the aqurous ployurethane of 100 parts of steps (1) gained, 20 parts of turps, 2 parts of polyvinyl alcohol, be placed in stirring reaction 1h at 50 ℃ of reactors, form covering liquid, under the effect of pressure pump, covering liquid atomizing pressure reaches 0.3Mpa; Atomization speed is 20mL/min;
(3) 5000 parts of fertiliser granulates are sent into preheating under 60 ℃ of conditions in fluidized-bed by travelling belt, utilize action of gravity to decline and form jet flow, step (1) gained covering liquid is sprayed on to fertiliser granulates surface by spraying plant, through the hot blasts of 70 ℃, is dried, complete coating one time; The fertiliser granulates that completes a coating enters in circulating fluidized bed and continues coating, completes coating in 4h, forms film-coated controlled release fertilizer;
(4) covering liquid steam is recovered to the interior redissolve utilization of reactor of (1) by condensate recycling device.
Example 6:
(1) prepare aqurous ployurethane, diphenylmethanediisocyanate is mixed according to the ratio of 0.9: 1 with polytetrahydrofuran diol, the aqurous ployurethane that the acetone of take generates as solvent reaction;
(2) get the aqurous ployurethane of 100 parts of steps (1) gained, 5 parts of turps, 0.5 part of polyvinyl alcohol, be placed in stirring reaction 1h at 50 ℃ of reactors, form covering liquid, under the effect of pressure pump, covering liquid atomizing pressure reaches 0.1Mpa; Atomization speed is 5mL/min;
(3) 1000 parts of fertiliser granulates are sent into preheating under 60 ℃ of conditions in fluidized-bed by travelling belt, utilize action of gravity to decline and form jet flow, step (1) gained covering liquid is sprayed on to fertiliser granulates surface by spraying plant, through the hot blasts of 80 ℃, is dried, complete coating one time; The fertiliser granulates that completes a coating enters in circulating fluidized bed and continues coating, completes coating in 2h, forms film-coated controlled release fertilizer;
(4) covering liquid steam is recovered to the interior redissolve utilization of reactor of (1) by condensate recycling device.
Example 7:
(1) prepare aqurous ployurethane, polymethylene polyphenyl vulcabond is mixed according to the ratio of 1: 1 with tetrahydrofuran (THF)-propylene oxide copolymerization glycol, the aqurous ployurethane that the acetone of take generates as solvent reaction; ,
(2) get the aqurous ployurethane of 100 parts of steps (1) gained, 10 parts of turps, 1 part of polyvinyl alcohol, be placed in stirring reaction 1h at 50 ℃ of reactors, form covering liquid, under the effect of pressure pump, covering liquid atomizing pressure reaches 0.2Mpa; Atomization speed is 10mL/min;
(3) 3000 parts of fertiliser granulates are sent into preheating under 60 ℃ of conditions in fluidized-bed by travelling belt, utilize action of gravity to decline and form jet flow, step (1) gained covering liquid is sprayed on to fertiliser granulates surface by spraying plant, through the hot blasts of 70 ℃, is dried, complete coating one time; The fertiliser granulates that completes a coating enters in circulating fluidized bed and continues coating, completes coating in 3h, forms film-coated controlled release fertilizer;
(4) covering liquid steam is recovered to the interior redissolve utilization of reactor of (1) by condensate recycling device.
Claims (3)
1. a preparation method for film-coated controlled release fertilizer, is characterized in that the concrete steps of preparation are as follows:
(1) prepare aqurous ployurethane, by polyisocyanates and polyvalent alcohol according to 0.9-1.5: 1 ratio is mixed, the aqurous ployurethane that the acetone of take generates as solvent reaction;
Described polyisocyanates is a kind of in toluene diisocyanate, diphenylmethanediisocyanate, polymethylene polyphenyl vulcabond;
Described polyvalent alcohol is a kind of in polyoxypropyleneglycol, polytetrahydrofuran diol, tetrahydrofuran (THF)-propylene oxide copolymerization glycol;
(2) get aqurous ployurethane, 5-20 part turps, 0.5-2 part polyvinyl alcohol of 100 parts of steps (1) gained, be placed in stirring reaction 1h at 50 ℃ of reactors, form covering liquid, under the effect of pressure pump, covering liquid atomizing pressure reaches 0.05-0.3Mpa; Atomization speed is 5-20mL/min;
(3) 1000-5000 part fertiliser granulates is sent into preheating under 60 ℃ of conditions in fluidized-bed by travelling belt, utilize action of gravity to decline and form jet flow, step (1) gained covering liquid is sprayed on to fertiliser granulates surface by spraying plant, hot blast through 70-90 ℃ is dried, and completes coating one time; The fertiliser granulates that completes a coating enters in circulating fluidized bed and continues coating, completes coating in 2-4h, forms film-coated controlled release fertilizer;
(4) covering liquid steam is recovered to the interior redissolve utilization of reactor of (1) by condensate recycling device.
2. the preparation method of a kind of film-coated controlled release fertilizer according to claim 1, the mean polymerisation degree that it is characterized in that described polyvinyl alcohol is 1000-1200.
3. the preparation method of a kind of film-coated controlled release fertilizer according to claim 1, is characterized in that fertiliser granulates particle diameter is 2-5mm.
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| CN106083408A (en) * | 2016-08-10 | 2016-11-09 | 广州薪光合环保技术有限公司 | Peplos agent produces equipment and coated fertilizer produces equipment |
| CN110483165A (en) * | 2019-07-30 | 2019-11-22 | 湖北大学 | A kind of coating slow-control fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
| CN116715560A (en) * | 2023-08-10 | 2023-09-08 | 吉林隆源农业服务有限公司 | Intelligent preparation method and system of controlled release fertilizer |
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| CN106083408A (en) * | 2016-08-10 | 2016-11-09 | 广州薪光合环保技术有限公司 | Peplos agent produces equipment and coated fertilizer produces equipment |
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