CN103944228A - Equalizing charging managing system and equalizing charging method of lithium ion power battery pack - Google Patents
Equalizing charging managing system and equalizing charging method of lithium ion power battery pack Download PDFInfo
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- CN103944228A CN103944228A CN201410165978.3A CN201410165978A CN103944228A CN 103944228 A CN103944228 A CN 103944228A CN 201410165978 A CN201410165978 A CN 201410165978A CN 103944228 A CN103944228 A CN 103944228A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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Abstract
The invention discloses an equalizing charging managing system and an equalizing charging method of a lithium ion power battery pack. The system comprises an MCU, a battery information monitoring module, a battery cooling module, a plurality of equalizing charging modules and a plurality of battery modules. The MCU is connected with the battery information monitoring module, the battery cooling module and the equalizing charging modules, the battery information monitoring module and the battery cooling module are connected with the battery modules respectively, and the equalizing charging modules and the battery modules are in one-to-one correspondence. According to the method, when the voltage of one battery reaches an overcharging voltage, the MCU controls an equalizing charging protection unit to start working, and equalizing charging is carried out in the mode that charging currents in the battery are separated out and fed back to a charging bus. By means of the system and method, large-current equalizing charging is supported, the charging completing time is short, conversion efficiency is high, heating amount is low, the service life of the battery pack is prolonged, and safety of the battery pack is improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of equalizing charge of battery management system, especially a kind of equalizing charge management system of lithium ion power battery pack and balanced charging method thereof, belong to battery management technical field.
Background technology
A principal element of restriction motor vehicle industrialization is exactly battery at present performance and life-span, especially in the time adopting series battery as electrical source of power, inconsistency between battery can cause battery to have different charge characteristics, never increase the possibility that in batteries charging process, battery cell overcharges, made the hydraulic performance decline of battery pack.The good performances such as lithium ion battery is large with its energy density, voltage platform is high become the ideal power source of pure electric automobile.But the anti-abuse ability of lithium ion battery is poor.Lithium ion battery, particularly the fail safe of lithium ion battery and long-life become urgent problem in lithium ion battery use management in groups.Lithium-ion battery monomer leave standstill in process of production, for a long time and long-term charge and discharge process in each monomer carrying capacity gap can be increasing in battery pack, be divergent trend, thereby cause battery pack internal cell discreteness to strengthen, indivedual battery performance decay aggravations, cause whole Battery pack to lose efficacy.
At present, the management method of lithium-ion-power cell group has:
1) resistance for dissipation shunting, it is that one had both reliably had easy method.It can be worked and two kinds of patterns: monitoring pattern and continuous operation mode.In the time of monitoring pattern, voltage monitor need to be monitored the voltage of each cell, and an intelligent controller is integrated the non-equilibrium state of monomer voltage, further controls and connects resistance for dissipation, consumes the energy of high voltage monomer.Under continuous operation mode, all relays, by identical signal controlling, open simultaneously or cut out.In the time of charging, relay is opened, and the monomer with high voltage can obtain less charging current, is equivalent to waiting for other monomers and its balance.This method energy loss is large, under monitoring pattern, needs Based Intelligent Control, and cost is higher.
2) complete shunting.Shunting replaces serial connection charge device with a main charger completely.This main charger is a Current Control transducer.When one of them monomer reaches its ceiling voltage, this monomer just can be shunted completely by two switches.Just complete charge after last monomer charging in this Battery pack finishes.This method is very direct, but battery pack during by a large amount of monomer composition, and battery voltage can fluctuate in a very large scope, thereby at this moment just needs a buck converter to increase departmental cost and system complexity.
3) adopt MCU (microcontroller or single-chip microcomputer) way to manage, the application of MCU aspect lithium battery management system is fit closely, can realize real-time battery balanced management according to the state of battery charging very easily, main balanced management method is two-way non-dissipative equalizing technology at present, be equipped with a balanced loop to each battery, need the MOS of two power, but its problem is the control of balanced management system and becomes complicated, reliability decrease, cost rises, once You Yi road device failure, the risk that produces short circuit is high, almost cannot safeguard, if require larger euqalizing current, variety of issue will be more outstanding.Traditional constant current charge+later stage in early stage constant voltage charge pattern, not only can not carry out equalizing charge to battery, and the charging interval is the soonest at 2～3 hours.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is the defect in order to solve above-mentioned prior art; a kind of equalizing charge management system of lithium ion power battery pack is provided; this circuit system is simplified; be convenient to maintenance; have overvoltage, excess temperature, overcurrent protection function, can support large current balance charging, the charging deadline is short; conversion efficiency is high and heating is few, improves useful life and the security performance of battery pack.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a kind of balanced charging method based on said system.
Object of the present invention can be by taking following technical scheme to reach:
Equalizing charge management system of lithium ion power battery pack, it is characterized in that: comprise MCU central control unit, battery information monitoring module, battery radiating module, several equalizing charge modules and several battery modules, described MCU central control unit is connected with battery information monitoring module, battery radiating module and equalizing charge module respectively, described battery information monitoring module is connected with battery module respectively with battery radiating module, described each equalizing charge module and each battery module connect one to one, wherein:
Described battery information monitoring module, for monitoring voltage, electric current and the temperature information of the every batteries of battery module, and feeds back to MCU central control unit by the information of monitoring;
Described MCU central control unit, for battery information monitoring module feedack is analyzed, then sends instruction to battery radiating module and equalizing charge module, controls the every batteries charge balancing in battery module;
Described each equalizing charge module, comprises charger, PWM controller, Flyback transducer and two power Mosfet pipes; Described PWM controller is connected with Flyback transducer and power Mosfet pipe respectively, and described power Mosfet pipe is connected with Flyback transducer, forms feedback type equalizing charge protected location; Described Flyback transducer is connected with battery module by charger.
As a kind of embodiment, described MCU central control unit is connected with battery information monitoring module, battery radiating module and equalizing charge module respectively by the I/O pin of single-chip microcomputer.
As a kind of embodiment, described each battery module is composed in series by 4～8 batteries.
As a kind of embodiment, described battery radiating module is by fan and corresponding the electric circuit constitute, and described fan is for heat radiation that the battery of battery module is blown.
As a kind of embodiment, described battery information monitoring module is composed in series by chip monitoring and PWM, and described chip monitoring comprises current sensor, voltage sensor and temperature sensor.
As a kind of embodiment, in the every batteries in described battery module, there is chip monitoring, the numerical value PWM that described chip monitoring records carries out DC-DC conversion, transfers to MCU central control unit, then controls battery radiating module and equalizing charge module.
As a kind of embodiment, on described battery information monitoring module, be provided with infrared transmitter, described infrared reflective device is connected with PWM, makes the numerical value that chip monitoring records can adopt over the horizon communication system to transfer to MCU central control unit after changing.
As a kind of embodiment, described voltage sensor, current sensor and PWM are in parallel with the every batteries in battery module by external circuits, and described temperature sensor is attached to the outside of every batteries, and temperature sensor is connected on temperature survey pin.
Preferably, described current sensor is current transformer; Described voltage sensor is voltage transformer; Described PWM controller is UC2825A; Described each battery module is composed in series by 6 batteries.
Another object of the present invention can be by taking following technical scheme to reach:
The balanced charging method of equalizing charge management system of lithium ion power battery pack, is characterized in that said method comprising the steps of:
1), while starting to charge, charger carries out constant current charge to the battery in battery module;
2), in charging process, in the time that equalizing charge protected location is not worked, the charging current in battery module equals charger electric current; Meanwhile, the battery information monitoring module constantly voltage to every batteries, electric current and temperature carries out data acquisition and conversion, and the data that obtain are fed back to MCU central control unit by infrared transmitter;
3) according to step 2) feedback information, in the time that the voltage of certain batteries reaches overcharged voltage, MCU central control unit sends instruction according to the good program of inner setting, controlling equalizing charge protected location starts working, charging current in battery is separated, thereby maintained charging voltage, the electric current separating is under the effect of equalizing charge protected location, be converted into the little electric current of high voltage, feed back to charging bus by output; When the voltage of certain batteries continues to rise, reach the safety time-limit of overcharged voltage, the PWM controller in equalizing charge protected location produces error signal by comparison circuit, and error signal is sent to MCU central control unit, regulate charging current, until error signal keeps zero;
4) according to step 2) feedback information, MCU central control unit constantly judges whether the changing value of every batteries temperature exceedes or reached preset value delta t1, selects whether open battery radiating module battery module is dispelled the heat; In the time that the temperature rise of battery or temperature reach predetermined value, open battery radiating module and dispel the heat; When the temperature of every batteries continues to increase, and while reaching peak, close the charging circuit of this batteries.
As a kind of embodiment; step 3) described equalizing charge protected location starts working; charging current in battery is separated; be specially: the PWM controller in equalizing charge protected location compares the voltage of input voltage and Flyback transducer by comparison circuit; produce the two-way pwm control signal of different duty; control two power Mosfet pipes, the energy of Flyback transducer is shifted, realize the transfer of charger to battery charge.
The present invention has following beneficial effect with respect to prior art:
1, the equalizing charge module that equalizing charge management system of the present invention adopts, charging current by split cell the mode that feeds back to charging bus are carried out equalizing charge, can not only realize like this object of equalizing charge, but also the charging voltage that ensures battery is stable, improve charge efficiency, met the requirement of quickly charging battery.
2, equalizing charge management system of the present invention has been simplified circuit structure, and system is safe and reliable to operation.The equalizing charge module that system adopts is by charger, PWM (Pulse Width Modulation, pulse width modulation) controller, Flyback (inverse-excitation type) transducer and power Mosfet (Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistor, metal-oxide half field effect transistor) pipe formation, this has simplified the control network of equalizing charge greatly, be convenient to industrialization batch production or automated production, can ensure that production efficiency can ensure again product quality.
3, equalizing charge management system of the present invention can be realized large current balance charging.Because batteries of electric automobile capacity is large, the electric current of charging is also very large, and charging is restriction if having time also, while particularly pursuing quick charge, euqalizing current can not be too little, otherwise just lost balanced meaning, but large euqalizing current also can bring series of problems, as complexity increases, cost increases, and realizability is poor, and such system is rare example also, lack the real data of checking, therefore the present invention adopts the booster type change type power supply of Flyback transducer to solve the balanced problem of large electric current.
4, equalizing charge management system conversion efficiency of the present invention is high, and heating is few.Utilize F1yback transducer, PWM controller and MOSFET, design feedback type equalizing charge protected location, its implementation is: in charging process, in the time that equalizing charge protected location is not worked, charging current in battery module (battery pack) equals charger electric current, and in the time that the cell voltage having in charging process reaches overcharged voltage, equalizing charge protected location is started working, charging current in battery is separated, thereby maintained charging voltage; The electric current separating is under the effect of equalizing charge protected location; be converted into the little electric current of high voltage; feed back to charging bus by output; this feedback makes energy loss almost nil; this feedback has increased the charging current in battery module (battery pack) simultaneously; the charging current of the cell that in battery module (battery pack), equalizing charge protected location is not shunted is increased, and charge efficiency is higher.
5, in equalizing charge management system of the present invention, battery information monitoring module is provided with infrared transmitter, adopt over the horizon communication system to transmit, not only improve anti-interference, reliability and the fail safe of system, and balanced and information and command system separate, even if therefore balanced part malfunctioning or damage, be all unlikely to the work of the system that affects, can not cause the large-area damage of battery and serious safety problem.
6, equalizing charge management system cost of the present invention is low.Because the cost major part of electric automobile concentrates on battery part, and car enterprise generally believes the on the high side of battery management system at present, the price of the management system of import is higher, cost is one of link of restriction Development of Electric Vehicles, therefore reduce the cost of battery part by system of the present invention, thereby effectively reduce the cost of electric automobile.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural principle block diagram of equalizing charge management system of lithium ion power battery pack of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the structural principle block diagram of equalizing charge module in equalizing charge management system of lithium ion power battery pack of the present invention.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1:
As shown in Figure 1, the equalizing charge management system of lithium ion power battery pack of the present embodiment, comprise MCU central control unit 1, battery information monitoring module 2, battery radiating module 3, several equalizing charge modules 4 and several battery modules 5, described MCU central control unit 1 is connected with battery information monitoring module 2, battery radiating module 3 and equalizing charge module 4 respectively, described battery information monitoring module 2 is connected with battery module 5 respectively with battery radiating module 3, described each equalizing charge module 4 connects one to one with each battery module 5, wherein:
Described battery information monitoring module 2, for monitoring voltage, electric current and the temperature information of battery module 5 every batteries, and feeds back to MCU central control unit 1 by the information of monitoring;
Described MCU central control unit 1, for battery information monitoring module 2 feedacks are analyzed, then sends instruction to battery radiating module 3 and equalizing charge module 4, controls the every batteries charge balancing in battery module 5;
Described each equalizing charge module 4 as shown in Figure 2, comprises charger 4-1, PWM controller 4-2, Flyback transducer 4-3 and two power Mosfet pipe 4-4; Described PWM controller 4-2 is connected with Flyback transducer 4-3 and power Mosfet pipe 4-4 respectively, and described power Mosfet pipe 4-4 is connected with Flyback transducer 4-3, forms feedback type equalizing charge protected location; Described Flyback transducer 4-3 is connected with battery module 5 by charger 4-1.
In the present embodiment, described MCU central control unit 1 is connected with battery information monitoring module 2, battery radiating module 3 and equalizing charge module 4 respectively by the I/O pin of single-chip microcomputer, described each battery module 5 is composed in series by 6 batteries, described battery radiating module 3 is by fan and corresponding the electric circuit constitute, and described fan is for heat radiation that the battery of battery module 5 is blown, described battery information monitoring module 2 is composed in series by chip monitoring and PWM, described chip monitoring comprises current sensor, voltage sensor and temperature sensor, described voltage sensor, current sensor and PWM are in parallel with the every batteries in battery module 5 by external circuits, described temperature sensor is attached to the outside of every batteries, temperature sensor is connected on temperature survey pin, current sensor, the numerical value that voltage sensor and temperature sensor record carries out DC-DC conversion by PWM, transfer to MCU central control unit 1, then control battery radiating module 3 and equalizing charge module 4, on described battery information monitoring module 2, be provided with infrared transmitter, described infrared reflective device is connected with PWM, makes the numerical value that chip monitoring records can adopt over the horizon communication system to transfer to MCU central control unit after changing, described current sensor adopts current transformer, and described voltage sensor adopts voltage transformer, and described PWM controller 4-2 adopts UC2825A.
As depicted in figs. 1 and 2, the balanced charging method of the present embodiment comprises the following steps:
1), while starting to charge, charger 4-1 carries out constant current charge to the battery in battery module 5;
2), in charging process, in the time that equalizing charge protected location is not worked, the charging current in battery module 5 equals charger 4-1 electric current; Meanwhile, battery information monitoring module 2 constantly voltage, electric current and the temperature to every batteries carries out data acquisition and conversion, and the data that obtain are fed back to MCU central control unit 1 by infrared transmitter;
3) according to step 2) feedback information, in the time that the voltage of certain batteries reaches overcharged voltage (4.35V), MCU central control unit 1 sends instruction according to the good program of inner setting, controlling equalizing charge protected location starts working, charging current in battery is separated, thereby maintain charging voltage, the electric current separating is under the effect of equalizing charge protected location, be converted into the little electric current of high voltage, feed back to charging bus by output, this feedback makes energy loss almost nil, this feedback has increased the charging current in battery module 5 simultaneously, the charging current of the cell that in battery module 5, equalizing charge protected location is not shunted is increased, charge efficiency is higher, when the voltage of certain batteries continues to rise, while reaching the safety limit (4.5v) of overcharged voltage, PWM controller 4-2 in equalizing charge protected location produces error signal by comparison circuit, and error signal is sent to MCU central control unit 1, regulate charging current, until error signal keeps zero,
4) according to step 2) feedback information, MCU central control unit 1 constantly judges whether the changing value of every batteries temperature exceedes or reached preset value delta t1, selects whether open battery radiating module 3 battery module 5 is dispelled the heat; In the time that the temperature rise of battery or temperature reach predetermined value, open battery radiating module 3 and dispel the heat; When the temperature of certain batteries continues to increase, and while reaching peak, close the charging circuit of this batteries.
Above-mentioned steps 2) in, described battery information monitoring module 2 constantly voltage, electric current and the temperature to every batteries carries out data acquisition and conversion, be specially: described battery information monitoring module 2 is measured voltage, electric current and the temperature of every batteries by chip monitoring, the numerical value recording is carried out to DC-DC conversion by PWM.
Above-mentioned steps 3) in; described equalizing charge protected location is started working; charging current in battery is separated; be specially: the PWM controller 4-2 in equalizing charge protected location compares the voltage of 12V input voltage and Flyback transducer 4-3 by comparison circuit; produce the two-way pwm control signal of different duty; control two power Mosfet pipe 4-4, the energy of Flyback transducer 4-3 is shifted, realize the transfer of charger 4-1 to battery charge.
In sum, equalizing charge management system of lithium ion power battery pack circuit reduction of the present invention, be convenient to maintenance, there is overvoltage, excess temperature, overcurrent protection function, can support large current balance charging, the charging deadline is short, conversion efficiency is high and heating is few, improve useful life and the security performance of battery pack, its charging current by split cell and feed back to charging bus mode carry out equalizing charge, can not only realize like this object of equalizing charge, but also the charging voltage that ensures battery is stable, improve charge efficiency, meet the requirement of quickly charging battery.
The above; it is only patent preferred embodiment of the present invention; but the protection range of patent of the present invention is not limited to this; anyly be familiar with those skilled in the art in the disclosed scope of patent of the present invention; according to the present invention, the technical scheme of patent and patent of invention design thereof are equal to replacement or are changed, and all belong to the protection range of patent of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. equalizing charge management system of lithium ion power battery pack, it is characterized in that: comprise MCU central control unit, battery information monitoring module, battery radiating module, several equalizing charge modules and several battery modules, described MCU central control unit is connected with battery information monitoring module, battery radiating module and equalizing charge module respectively, described battery information monitoring module is connected with battery module respectively with battery radiating module, described each equalizing charge module and each battery module connect one to one, wherein:
Described battery information monitoring module, for monitoring voltage, electric current and the temperature information of the every batteries of battery module, and feeds back to MCU central control unit by the information of monitoring;
Described MCU central control unit, for battery information monitoring module feedack is analyzed, then sends instruction to battery radiating module and equalizing charge module, controls the every batteries charge balancing in battery module;
Described each equalizing charge module, comprises charger, PWM controller, Flyback transducer and two power Mosfet pipes; Described PWM controller is connected with Flyback transducer and power Mosfet pipe respectively, and described power Mosfet pipe is connected with Flyback transducer, forms feedback type equalizing charge protected location; Described Flyback transducer is connected with battery module by charger.
2. equalizing charge management system of lithium ion power battery pack according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described MCU central control unit is connected with battery information monitoring module, battery radiating module and equalizing charge module respectively by the I/O pin of single-chip microcomputer.
3. equalizing charge management system of lithium ion power battery pack according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described each battery module is composed in series by 4～8 batteries.
4. equalizing charge management system of lithium ion power battery pack according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described battery radiating module is by fan and corresponding the electric circuit constitute, and described fan is for heat radiation that the battery of battery module is blown.
5. equalizing charge management system of lithium ion power battery pack according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described battery information monitoring module is composed in series by chip monitoring and PWM, and described chip monitoring comprises current sensor, voltage sensor and temperature sensor.
6. equalizing charge management system of lithium ion power battery pack according to claim 5, it is characterized in that: in the every batteries in described battery module, have chip monitoring, the numerical value PWM that described chip monitoring records carries out DC-DC conversion, transfer to MCU central control unit, then control battery radiating module and equalizing charge module.
7. equalizing charge management system of lithium ion power battery pack according to claim 5, is characterized in that: on described battery information monitoring module, be provided with infrared transmitter, described infrared reflective device is connected with PWM.
8. according to the equalizing charge management system of lithium ion power battery pack described in claim 5-7 any one, it is characterized in that: described voltage sensor, current sensor and PWM are in parallel with the every batteries in battery module by external circuits, described temperature sensor is attached to the outside of every batteries, and temperature sensor is connected on temperature survey pin.
9. the balanced charging method of equalizing charge management system of lithium ion power battery pack, is characterized in that said method comprising the steps of:
1), while starting to charge, charger carries out constant current charge to the battery in battery module;
2), in charging process, in the time that equalizing charge protected location is not worked, the charging current in battery module equals charger electric current; Meanwhile, the battery information monitoring module constantly voltage to every batteries, electric current and temperature carries out data acquisition and conversion, and the data that obtain are fed back to MCU central control unit by infrared transmitter;
3) according to step 2) feedback information, in the time that the voltage of certain batteries reaches overcharged voltage, MCU central control unit sends instruction according to the good program of inner setting, controlling equalizing charge protected location starts working, charging current in battery is separated, thereby maintained charging voltage, the electric current separating is under the effect of equalizing charge protected location, be converted into the little electric current of high voltage, feed back to charging bus by output; When the voltage of certain batteries continues to rise, reach the safety time-limit of overcharged voltage, the PWM controller in equalizing charge protected location produces error signal by comparison circuit, and error signal is sent to MCU central control unit, regulate charging current, until error signal keeps zero;
4) according to step 2) feedback information, MCU central control unit constantly judges whether the changing value of every batteries temperature exceedes or reached preset value delta t1, selects whether open battery radiating module battery module is dispelled the heat; In the time that the temperature rise of battery or temperature reach predetermined value, open battery radiating module and dispel the heat; When the temperature of every batteries continues to increase, and while reaching peak, close the charging circuit of this batteries.
10. the balanced charging method of equalizing charge management system of lithium ion power battery pack according to claim 9, it is characterized in that: step 3) described equalizing charge protected location starts working, charging current in battery is separated, be specially: the PWM controller in equalizing charge protected location compares the voltage of input voltage and Flyback transducer by comparison circuit, produce the two-way pwm control signal of different duty, control two power Mosfet pipes, the energy of Flyback transducer is shifted, realize the transfer of charger to battery charge.
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