CN103942069A - Quick starting optimizing method based on X86 platform Vxworks operation system - Google Patents
Quick starting optimizing method based on X86 platform Vxworks operation system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a quick starting optimizing method based on an X86 platform Vxworks operation system. The method comprises the following steps of (1) BIOS execution and (2) Vxworks loading and starting. According to the step of BIOS execution, after a computer is powered on and started, POST, initialization setting, execution of resident programs are carried out in sequence, a bootstrap program is started by calling an INT19 file in the system, a Vxworks file in the system is read directly and is analyzed after the bootstrap program is started, then an computer operation mode is switched to a protection mode from a real mode, and data and codes after analysis of the file are uploaded to assigned memory addresses respectively. According to the steps of Vxworks loading and starting, after uploading of the data and uploading of the codes are finished, the data and the codes skip to the position of a memory address e_entry corresponding to an ELF format file header to begin to be executed, the operation system is uploaded and started directly, and application programs are executed. According to the quick starting optimizing method based on the X86 platform Vxworks operation system, the method of uploading the system through bootrom in the prior art is changed, and the starting time is shortened to 3 seconds from original 20 seconds to 30 seconds.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the start-up technique field of operating system, be specially a kind of quick startup optimization method based on X86 platform Vxworks operating system.
Background technology
Vxworks operating system is a kind of embedded real-time operating system (RTOS) that U.S. WindRiver company designed and developed in nineteen eighty-three, is the key components of embedded-development environment.Good sustainable development capacity, high performance kernel and friendly User Exploitation environment, occupy one seat in embedded real-time operating system field.In the high field of the high-quality precision and sophisticated technologies such as it is widely used in remarkable real-time with its good reliability and communicates by letter, military affairs, Aeronautics and Astronautics and requirement of real-time, as satellite communication, military exercises, trajectory guidance, aircraft navigation etc.Vxworks operating system has good reliability, the expense of its system itself is very little simultaneously, process scheduling, interprocess communication, interrupt the system utility programs such as processing concise and effective, the delay that they cause is very short, and in the multi-task mechanism providing, the control of task has been adopted to preemptive priority (Preemptive Priority Scheduling) and robin scheduling (Round-Robin Scheduling) mechanism, also fully guaranteed reliable real-time, make same hardware configuration can meet stronger requirement of real-time, for the exploitation of applying leaves larger leeway, can also carry out suitable customization and exploitation according to user demand, have higher tailorability.
In prior art, as shown in Figure 1, common Vxworks system loads flow process comprises that BIOS implementation and Vxworks load start-up course.Computing machine powers up start, starts to carry out BIOS and starts flow process, comprises POST(power-on self-test), initialization, execution resident program, start bootstrap routine reading disk MBR etc.Vxworks loading procedure comprises bootrom guiding and loads vxworks process by bootrom.The major function of BIOS comprises following a few part in short: 1) POST, Power-On Self-Test, detects each register of CPU, timing chip, interrupts chip, dma controller.2) Initial, initialization setting, comprises the equipment of enumerating, initialization register, assigned interrupt, IO port, DMA resource.3) Setup, system process setting, is stored in CMOS, enters into the interface that arranges of BIOS while generally starting shooting by Del or F2.4) resident program, comprises INT10h, INT13h, INT15h, INT19h etc., offers operating system or application call.5) start bootstrap routine, by calling INT19h, start bootstrap routine, bootstrap routine will read leader record, loading operation system.
Under X86 platform, Vxworks system starting process comprises that BIOS starts, and by BIOS, reads the bootrom stage that MBR guides Vxworks, loads subsequently the systems such as hard disk or network by bootrom again equally, until the final guiding of Vxworks is got up.In prior art, BIOS starts to Vxworks system from power on, general large about 20s left and right, also the different system that all may cause of with good grounds system platform extends start-up time in addition, and can cause due to hardware compatibility issue the startup failure of bootrom guiding Vxworks system; But start-up time and stability requirement for operating system in some particular application are very strict, requirement is in 5 seconds, starting method of the prior art cannot meet the startup requirement of the utmost point in the short time, and the stability requirement under strong compatibility.
Summary of the invention
For problems of the prior art, the invention provides a kind of quick startup optimization method based on X86 platform Vxworks operating system, can greatly shorten the toggle speed of Vxworks operating system, and avoid starting failed problem due to the system that mainboard and hard disk compatibility cause.
The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
The method of the invention comprises the steps,
1) BIOS execution step;
Computing machine carries out POST after powering up start successively, and initialization setting is carried out resident program, the INT19 file start bootstrap routine in calling system; Initialization setting comprises the equipment of enumerating, initialization of register, assigned interrupt, IO port, DMA resource and system setting;
Vxworks file after startup bootstrap routine in direct reading system, after reading Vxworks file, Vxworks file is resolved, judge whether Vxworks file is ELF form, not that ELF form is judged as wrong Vxworks file, and point out non-correct Vxworks system file, and the Tornado instrument carrying by system generates correct Vxworks system file and re-starts startup bootstrap routine; Be that ELF form is switched to protected mode by computer run pattern from real pattern, and data and code in the Vxworks file after resolving are loaded into respectively in the memory address of appointment;
2) Vxworks loads setting up procedure;
In step 1), after data and code loaded, jump to the memory address e_entry place that ELF formatted file head is corresponding and start to carry out, directly load and start Vxworks operating system, executive utility.
Preferably, in step 1), judge when whether Vxworks file is ELF form judge whether 4 bytes of detected Vxworks file header are ELF format header 0x464c457f, be to be ELF form, otherwise be judged as wrong Vxworks file.
Preferably, the interior nonresident portion of shield detection in POST process; In act equipment, remove without initialized hardware initialization, system arranges middle removal BIOS interface setting steps.
Further, when Vxworks system is Vxworks5.5 system, during arranging, initialization also comprises the netinit step that adopts adaptive model.
Further again, during arranging, initialization also comprises the initialization to IDE disk drive, it comprises the steps:
A. by vendor id and the device id of IDE controller, utilize PCI function pciFindDevice in Vxworks5.5 system to find out Bus number, device number and function number, then according to Bus number, device number and function number, read register base address and the interrupt number of IDE controller;
B. by step a, read register base address and carry out initialization DMA engine, obtain the DMA pattern that IDE controller is supported;
C. complete after the obtaining of the DMA pattern of IDE controller support, by Vxworks5.5 system after revising IDE driver realize the initialization to IDE; Described modification comprises: (c1) add the function that IDE controller is carried out to dma operation, the function of interpolation comprises that DMA complex potential function, DMA pattern are obtained function, DMA pattern arranges function, starts and stop DMA Engine function; (c2) intConnect function is revised as to pciIntConnect function; (c3) revise BSP configuration file and support DMA pattern, comprise and revise sysLib.c file, in sysHwInit (), call sysAtaSetup (), and revise config.h file, the PIO field in config.h file is replaced with to DMA field.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has following useful technique effect:
The present invention changes the method that loads Vxworks system in prior art by bootrom, in BIOS execution step, the change of utilization to INT19 file method of calling, to start in bootstrap routine the process change that guides to load Vxworks system by bootrom for the direct process that reads to Vxworks file on disk, optimized the efficiency that BIOS carries out, prior art is shortened to 1s left and right for total 5～10 seconds, thereby significantly reduced the time that Vxworks system starts; Not only solved on the one hand and while causing bootrom guiding due to some mainboard and hard disk compatibility issue, read bootrom failure, finally cause system to start failed problem, and solved that to start bootrom need to must subregion be the problem of FAT16 form by disk, improve adaptive faculty, expanded range of application.By the application of correlation technique, on X86 platform, load Vxworks system and can to entering into Vxworks system load and execution application program, by original 20-30, shorten to 3 seconds second from power on, successful, simple to operate, and very practical, can meet some system has been required to very strict system environments start-up time, improve greatly the safety and reliability that system starts simultaneously.
Further, by the simple contrast to ELF format header, thereby realize the efficient judgement to Vxworks file, shortened the time that system loads starts.
Further, by the test section to internal memory in shielding initialization procedure, and remove the part that unwanted hardware initialization process and BIOS arrange interface, thereby improved the utilization ratio of start-up time, reduce the time that in initialization, internal memory detects and enumerates equipment, significantly improved the execution efficiency of BIOS.
Further, in the present invention, by revising network driver, be adaptive model, acquiescence physically connects simultaneously, thereby can realize netinit process, avoided because detecting PHY in netinit process, and again the PHY in network chip is carried out to the time that initialization expends again according to both sides' connection speed, saved physical connection being detected in Vxworks system and waiting for the spent time simultaneously.
Further, by realize the DMA mode transfer under Vxworks system during to IDE disk drive in initialization arranges, improved the transmission speed of data, strengthened the data throughout of bus, thereby improved the toggle speed of Vxworks system, realized the further optimization to starting method.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the FB(flow block) of Vxworks system start method in prior art.
Fig. 2 is the FB(flow block) of the quick startup optimization method of the Vxworks system described in the present invention.
Fig. 3 is that in Vxworks5.5 system, IDE drives FB(flow block).
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail, and the explanation of the invention is not limited.
As shown in Figure 2, the present invention reaches from following optimization method the object that Vxworks shortens dramatically start-up time.Mainly to realize minimizing by optimizing BIOS loading Vxworks method, by just finding that to the contrast of Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 the key component of transforming BIOS is that BIOS carries out this step of startup bootstrap routine, before optimization, bootstrap routine reading disk MBR(Master Boot Record in prior art namely, Main Boot Record), after information, by bootrom, guide to load Vxworks system.After optimizing, be the Vxworks file in direct reading disk, bootrom leader has been saved in centre.Specifically be implemented as follows:
Optimize INT19 interrupt function.As shown in Figure 2, the execution of the bootstrap routine before optimization is the process of the Interrupt Service Routine INT19_VECT that carries out interrupt INT 19, and its major function is that read operation system starts piece, is read into internal memory 0000:7C00h, and jumps to execution herein.Optimization is to revise this part code, by reading MBR, transfers the Vxworks file in reading disk to.After reading Vxworks file, first whether Vxworks file is effectively judged, the method of judgement is to detect whether 4 bytes of file header are 0x464c457f(ELF format header), not that ELF form is judged as wrong Vxworks file, and point out non-correct Vxworks system file, and the Tornado instrument carrying by system generates correct Vxworks system file and re-starts startup bootstrap routine; That ELF form is resolved ELF form; after parsing, first need the pattern of now computer run to be switched to protected mode from real pattern; because real pattern is only supported 1MB memory size, and can not access remaining exented memory, so need to be switched to protected mode.After switch mode, just data segment and code segment can be loaded into respectively in the memory address of appointment.The e_entry place, address that jumps to ELF file header after having loaded starts to carry out, and so just can directly start vxworks operating system.Thereby saved this bootup process of bootrom, accelerated start-up time widely.By above-mentioned steps, the execution efficiency of BIOS improves greatly, by 5 original～10s, shortens to 1s left and right.
Preferably, in the executory POST of the BIOS stage, remove nonresident portion in BIOS extension of detecting capability, can mask nonresident portion in detection by revising source code in simple terms; Removing BIOS arranges interface portion code and reduces BIOS working time; This partial code amount is many, so it is significant to remove this part by source code; Revise source code and get rid of some unwanted hardware initialization of enumerating the equipment stage.For example in some custom-built system, do not need USB function, so just can remove at this, object is to reduce the time of enumerating equipment; After adopting optimization method of the present invention, second shorten to 3 second by the 20-30 by original start-up time.
When Vxworks system is Vxworks5.5 system, by the key component for affecting toggle speed in vxworks5.5 system, be optimized.
(1) network-driven optimization
Generally; in netinit process, can detect PHY; according to both sides' connection speed, again the PHY in network chip is carried out to initialization again; whether driver conventionally can detect physically and connect in addition; if now network does not carry out physical connection, driver can time delay be waited for expecting physically to connect so.So this is very large on the impact of Vxworks system toggle speed.The solution proposing in the present invention is, whether modification driver is adaptive model, physically do not connect detecting simultaneously, that is to say to think and physically connect, so just reach the object of the network optimization, thereby reduce the delay of network-driven to Vxworks system toggle speed.
(2) IDE disk drive is optimized
IDE(Integrated Drive Electronics, i.e. electronics integrated manipulator) interface has two kinds of transmission modes, one is PIO(Programming I/O) pattern, and another is DMA(Direct Memory Access) pattern.PIO pattern is divided into again 0-4 pattern, is PIO0-PIO4.PIO4 prestissimo is 16.6MB/s just also, and PIO0 is 3.3MB/s.And under DMA pattern, the current popular chipset of Intel is substantially all supported Ultra DMA33/66, or perhaps ATA100, top speed can reach 100MB/s, and it is few to take resource system resource.But popular windows and linux system are all supported DMA pattern, and at present IDE bus driver are only supported to PIO pattern under VxWorks 5.5 systems, to Vxworks5.5 system toggle speed, can have a negative impact.
IDE controller is all pci interface equipment, so it is considered as to PCI equipment initialized time.Initialization flow process as shown in Figure 3.
A. first by vendor id and the device id of IDE controller, utilize vxworks5.5PCI function pciFindDevice to find out Bus number, device number and function number, according to Bus number, device number and function number, reading register base address and the interrupt number of IDE controller.Method is as follows:
pciFindDevice(0x8086,0x2828,0,&bus,&dev,&func);
pciConfigInLong(bus,dev,func,0x20,&ioaddr);
pciConfigInLong(bus,dev,func,0x3c,&irq);
B. initialization DMA engine is carried out in the register base address reading by step a, obtains the DMA pattern that IDE controller is supported.
C. after obtaining the DMA pattern of IDE controller, revise the IDE driver that Vxworks5.5 carries.
C1) add the relevant function that IDE controller is carried out to dma operation, mainly contain that DMA resets, DMA pattern is obtained, the setting of DMA pattern, start and stop DMA engine.
C2) by intConnect function, should be pciIntConnect function.
C3) configuration BSP and modification BSP associated documents.
C3.1) revise sysLib.c file, in sysHwInit (), call sysAtaSetup ();
C3.2) revise config.h file,
By #define ATA0_CONFIG (ATA_GEO_CURRENT|ATA_PIO_AUTO| ATA_BITS_16|ATA_PIO_MULTI)
Be revised as
#define?ATA0_CONFIG(ATA_GEO_CURRENT|ATA_DMA_AUTO|ATA_BITS_16|ATA_DMA_MULTI)
By #define ATA1_CONFIG (ATA_GEO_CURRENT|ATA_PIO_AUTO| ATA_BITS_16|ATA_PIO_MULTI)
Be revised as
#define?ATA1_CONFIG(ATA_GEO_CURRENT|ATA_DMA_AUTO|ATA_BITS_16|ATA_DMA_MULTI)
After optimizing by IDE disk drive, not only use same a slice IDE electric board, from original storage speed 2～3MB/s, brought up to about 75MB/s; And by improving R/W speed of hard disc, thereby the start-up time of having accelerated Vxworks5.5 system.
Claims (6)
1. the quick startup optimization method based on X86 platform Vxworks operating system, is characterized in that, comprise the steps,
1) BIOS execution step;
Computing machine carries out POST after powering up start successively, and initialization setting is carried out resident program, the INT19 file start bootstrap routine in calling system; Initialization setting comprises the equipment of enumerating, initialization of register, assigned interrupt, IO port, DMA resource and system setting;
Vxworks file after startup bootstrap routine in direct reading system, after reading Vxworks file, Vxworks file is resolved, judge whether Vxworks file is ELF form, not that ELF form is judged as wrong Vxworks file, and point out non-correct Vxworks system file, and the Tornado instrument carrying by system generates correct Vxworks system file and re-starts startup bootstrap routine; Be that ELF form is switched to protected mode by computer run pattern from real pattern, and data and code in the Vxworks file after resolving are loaded into respectively in the memory address of appointment;
2) Vxworks loads setting up procedure;
In step 1), after data and code loaded, jump to the memory address e_entry place that ELF formatted file head is corresponding and start to carry out, directly load and start Vxworks operating system, executive utility.
2. a kind of quick startup optimization method based on X86 platform Vxworks operating system according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, in step 1), judge when whether Vxworks file is ELF form, whether 4 bytes that judge detected Vxworks file header are ELF format header 0x464c457f, be to be ELF form, otherwise be judged as wrong Vxworks file.
3. a kind of quick startup optimization method based on X86 platform Vxworks operating system according to claim 1, is characterized in that, nonresident portion in shield detection in POST process.
4. a kind of quick startup optimization method based on X86 platform Vxworks operating system according to claim 1, is characterized in that, enumerates in equipment and removes without initialized hardware initialization, and system arranges middle removal BIOS interface setting steps.
5. according to a kind of quick startup optimization method based on X86 platform Vxworks operating system described in any one in claim 1-4, it is characterized in that, when described Vxworks system is Vxworks5.5 system, during arranging, initialization also comprises the netinit step that adopts adaptive model.
6. a kind of quick startup optimization method based on X86 platform Vxworks operating system according to claim 5, is characterized in that, during described initialization arranges, also comprise the initialization to IDE disk drive, it comprises the steps:
A. by vendor id and the device id of IDE controller, utilize PCI function pciFindDevice in Vxworks5.5 system to find out Bus number, device number and function number, then according to Bus number, device number and function number, read register base address and the interrupt number of IDE controller;
B. by step a, read register base address and carry out initialization DMA engine, obtain the DMA pattern that IDE controller is supported;
C. complete after the obtaining of the DMA pattern of IDE controller support, by Vxworks5.5 system after revising IDE driver realize the initialization to IDE; Described modification comprises: (c1) add the function that IDE controller is carried out to dma operation, the function of interpolation comprises that DMA complex potential function, DMA pattern are obtained function, DMA pattern arranges function, starts and stop DMA Engine function; (c2) intConnect function is revised as to pciIntConnect function; (c3) revise BSP configuration file and support DMA pattern, comprise and revise sysLib.c file, in sysHwInit (), call sysAtaSetup (), and revise config.h file, the PIO field in config.h file is replaced with to DMA field.
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| CN111522590A (en) * | 2020-04-24 | 2020-08-11 | 中电科航空电子有限公司 | Method for improving starting speed of VxWorks operating system and application thereof |
| CN111522590B (en) * | 2020-04-24 | 2023-06-20 | 中电科航空电子有限公司 | Method for improving starting speed of VxWorks operating system and application thereof |
| CN111522591A (en) * | 2020-04-24 | 2020-08-11 | 中电科航空电子有限公司 | Method for realizing quick start software of VxWorks cert and computer program product |
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| CN113608795A (en) * | 2021-06-21 | 2021-11-05 | 天津津航计算技术研究所 | Universal method for starting and loading application program under VxWorks |
| CN114691227A (en) * | 2022-04-25 | 2022-07-01 | 紫光计算机科技有限公司 | Multi-mode starting method and device of BIOS (basic input output System), electronic equipment and storage medium |
| CN117591189A (en) * | 2024-01-18 | 2024-02-23 | 深圳市天辰防务通信技术有限公司 | Time optimization method, control device, navigation processor system and navigation processor |
| CN117591189B (en) * | 2024-01-18 | 2024-04-26 | 深圳市天辰防务通信技术有限公司 | Time optimization method, control device, navigation processor system and navigation processor |
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