CN103941333B - Hollow plastic optical fiber and optical cable - Google Patents
Hollow plastic optical fiber and optical cable Download PDFInfo
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- CN103941333B CN103941333B CN201410201686.0A CN201410201686A CN103941333B CN 103941333 B CN103941333 B CN 103941333B CN 201410201686 A CN201410201686 A CN 201410201686A CN 103941333 B CN103941333 B CN 103941333B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a hollow plastic optical fiber and an optical cable, wherein the hollow plastic optical fiber is provided with a coating layer, a transition layer and a hollow core layer; the hollow core layer is hollow; the refractive index of the transition layer is more than that of the coating layer. Through adopting the above scheme, the hollow plastic optical fiber adopts a hollow design, so that the transmission attenuation of optical signals is greatly reduced, the limitation that the plastic optical fiber only can transmit visible light is broken through, the plastic optical fiber can transmit full-spectrum light and is completely compatible with an existing optical fiber system for use; the production cost is reduced so as to be easy to industrialize; the transmission distance is much longer, the transmission rate is much higher, and the deficiencies of an existing step type plastic optical fiber are overcome; therefore, the hollow plastic optical fiber can completely substitute the existing communication-level step type plastic optical fiber but also can substitute a copper network cable, the effect and purpose of saving copper resources, saving energy and protecting environment are achieved, and very high market application value is provided.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to LED illumination, more particularly to, a kind of hollow plastic fiber and optical cable.
Background technology
Plastic optical fiber (Plastic Optical Fiber, POF), also referred to as polymer optical fiber, high polymer optical fiber, are by height
The transparent polymer sandwich layer of refractive index is constituted with the transparent polymer clad of low-refraction, is especially suitable for making communication plastics
Optical fiber is used, and it is a kind of optical fiberss of employing high transparency polymeric material manufacture that most recent two decades grow up, and is to make
With low-carbon environment-friendly product made by macromolecular material, demand is had a wide range of applications in field of information transmission, be put into country
《New material industry " 12 " development plan》, its industry development direction complies fully with national strategy new industry development side
To.Optical cable generally refers to the finished product cable of outer coated sheath, and optical fiber generally refers to be used for the fibre core of transmission, but someone in optical cable
Optical cable is called optical fiber.
The core of POF Communications is generally by the macromolecular material PMMA for being commonly called as acrylic
It is a kind of new optical waveguide fiber made by (polymethylmethacrylate, polymethyl acrylate).This light
Soft and slender good toughness, core diameter are larger, docking is easy, and bandwidth is higher, can meet high-speed wideband net, residence network, multi-media network development
In the urgent need to now widely used copper mesh line can be substituted in network end-point, and coordinate with trunk silica fibre and build full light
The preferred medium of network.Plastic optical fiber has become all-optical network, Internet of Things, sensor, interconnection, aircraft, medical treatment, home intelligent
New material, new technology in the applications such as network, industrial control system and decorative lighting, new product, with wide application
Prospect.
Photoelectron technology is one of core technology of Future Information industry, and communication stage plastic optical fiber is used as optoelectronic applications
Important component part, its application system has the features such as not being afraid of vibrations, high reliability, electromagnetism interference, particularly in grid motor
The fields such as network, industrial control network and defence and military have unique application prospect, and future has very big opportunity to develop.
In the power system of highfield high electric field, using plastic optical fiber as the information transmission system of transmission medium, because not having
Have electromagnetic interference, with transmission data reliability height, good stability, big real-time, capacity, low cost, easily construct the features such as,
Even if in the special environments such as thunder and lightning hotspots, it is also possible to support power industry electricity consumption data information acquisition system, intelligence comprehensively
Can transformer station, electric power video monitoring etc. business scenario application, the aspects such as short haul connection field with unique advantage and compared with
Strong using value.
In industrial control system, plastic optical fiber is even more and has ample scope for one's abilities.POF can overall application EPA,
Centerized fusion device clusters, automated machine tool, automatic production line, using equipment such as RS-232, RS- of various control protocols
422nd, in RS-485, can bus, bus buses.Industrial undertaking and production scene, severe electromagnetic interference environment is to all kinds of controls
Can be produced serious influence with copper conductor, how avoid this puzzlement for affecting to be always Industry Control industry, and plastic optical fiber
Without electromagnetic interference problem, this point is solved just, so as to ensure control information transmitting procedure in real time, accurately, reliability, peace
Entirely, it is stable.
Plastic optical fiber is applied in automobile industry.Because automobile industry is the spine of a National Industrial, it
The industry prosperity degree of a country is not only represented, and also show the level of technological applications.In modern automobile industry
Employ substantial amounts of new technology, new material, new technology and method.Plastic optical fiber is now applied on high-grade luxury car
Face, at present by BMW, Daimler Chrysler, Audi, VW, Land Rover, Saab, Fiat, Mitsubishi,
The various of Jaguar, Volvo, Hyundai and Porsche etc. 50 adopt, be mainly used in vehicle-mounted multimedia entertainment system,
GPS, car phone, vehicle carried information equipment, reversing video radar etc..
Also, plastic optical fiber has obvious advantage on military communication.Soft light, anti-vibration strong antijamming capability,
Quickly it is connected without the need for instrument and the auxiliary material of any specialty, these features are particularly suitable for battlefield mobile network, military security
Network, military commanding network, the communication connection network of military equipment, therefore plastic optical fiber is by some developed country's exploitation use
In the field such as military airborne equipment, military combat tank, naval vessel, aircraft, Portable omputer system, the Helmet Mounted Display of soldier's Wearable
Close.It is believed that in future soon, plastic optical fiber must be widely used in the military field of China.
Plastic optical fiber is a kind of new network transmission mediums, Large Copacity, the high bandwidth of the existing silica fibre of this optical fiber
Advantage, again can be easy to connect as copper networks cable, and cheap easy to install.The core diameter of plastic optical fiber is generally 0.75～1
Millimeter, it is thicker than silica fibre a lot, therefore fiber alignment require will not be as silica fibre is so accurate and strict.
The development of plastic optical fiber is thing in the last thirty years, and foreign countries are earliest du pont company 70 years last century
In generation, begins one's study.The eighties, MIT develops the PMMA (polymethyl acrylate) that can be used for the communications field
Plastic optical fiber, its optical signal loss parameter (attenuation quotient) is already less than 200dB/km, the Toray (TORAY) and the rising sun of Japan
Nitre subsidiary (Asahi Glass) also successively develops the other plastic optical fiber of communication stage.Three enterprises of Japan, control substantially
More than the 80% of world market, the production of current optical fiber raw material and finished cable is mainly monopolized by Japanese enterprises.Attenuation quotient
Attenuation degree of light when by optical fiber is referred to, typically using dB/km as unit, the other plastic optical fiber decay of phase step type communication stage
Typically require the smaller the better, it is desirable to less than 200dB/km.
The country just started development ＆ production plastic optical fiber, existing Jiangxi mahatma plastic optical fiber company, Si Chuanhui after 2000
Source scientific ＆ technical corporation, Anhui Zhong Xi scientific ＆ technical corporation and Inner Mongol Golden Triangle scientific ＆ technical corporation develop and produce PMMA plastic optical fibers, its
Attenuation quotient has been less than or close 200dB/km.Also there is a certain distance with japanese product in the quality of product.
Have that diameter is big, pliability is good, density is little due to plastic optical fiber, visible region have low loss window, cost and
The low advantage of processing charges and gradually obtain in optical illumination, decoration decoration, sensor, LAN, the field such as automotive control system
Extensively application.Existing plastic optical fiber is mainly phase step type plastic optical fiber, and it is also referred to as SI plastic optical fibers (SI POF).This kind of optical fiber
Core material and coating layer material to be uniformly distributed, their refractive index is all Fixed constant.Core refractive index is rolled over more than clad
Rate is penetrated, both intersection Refractive Index of Material are mutation, so referred to as mutation formula is also referred to as phase step type plastic optical fiber.This optical fiber
It is now to be widely used in plastic optical fiber and popularize, is the representative that plastic optical fiber is really applied.The structure of single fiber cable such as Fig. 1
Shown, it includes fiber core layer (Core) 101, clad (Clad) 102 and external sheath layer (Jacket) 103.Light is in plastic light
Fine transmission as shown in Fig. 2 the transmission direction of light 104 is reflected between sandwich layer 101 and clad 102, phase step type plastics
Optical fiber further reaches receiving terminal in transmitting procedure, before just constantly reflecting by the material of sandwich layer.It is saturating due to core material
Light rate typically only 93%～94%, attenuation quotient is larger, and material has obvious loss, therefore the biography of phase step type plastic optical fiber to light
Defeated distance is general shorter, for example, less than 100m.Cause optical fiber attenuation principal element include intrinsic, bending, extruding, impurity,
Uneven and docking etc..
Plastic optical fiber has the characteristics that：1. strong antijamming capability, plastic optical fiber strong antijamming capability, electromagnetic-radiation-free,
Good confidentiality, message capacity is big, long service life, the problems such as the near-end cross without twisted-pair feeder.2. lightweight, flexible, Yi Lian
Installation is connect, the characteristics of due to plastic material itself so that plastic optical fiber itself is very light, and flexible, flexible, easy connection is being built
When building installation in thing, can be according to actual requirement, scene cuts off and is connected, and instrument is simple, and common people are slightly familiar with to make
With.When connection is installed, it is not necessary to which the mounting process and equipment of complexity, plastic optical fiber two ends do not have any joint, are inserted directly into
The interface of light device, is very easy to.3. maintenance cost is low, because plastic optical fiber two ends are without any interface unit, can be straight
Connect to cut out and use, without as silica fibre must professional just can connect.Secondly use in plastic optical fiber
Wavelength 650nm visible reds, its power very little does not constitute any injury to human body, and maintainer can be observed directly in optical fiber
The break-make situation of light path, the lookup and judgement to failure extremely facilitates, and can complete without the instrument and equipment of specialty, convenient and swift
And low cost.4. coupling is good, and plastic optical fiber is thicker than silica fibre a lot, and fibre core is generally 0.75～1mm so its coupling
Property is very strong, and thang-kng angle is larger, even if there is 30 μm of slightly deviations during connection, also will not impact to communication.The coupling of connection
Clutch is also very cheap.5. vibration resistance is strong, and plastic optical fiber is not afraid of vibration, can be widely used in the vehicles, navigation airborne vehicle and
In working environment with vibration, in automobile, bullet train, naval vessel and aircraft manufacturing, all can widely apply.6. low price
Low cost, saves copper resource, and due to mass production, 100,000,000 domestic plastic optical fiber prices have been slightly below the class of high-quality 100,000,005
Twisted-pair feeder price, and plastic optical fiber price is in decline, and copper resource is being reduced, copper cable price is rising.7. constant is decayed to,
One feature of 650nm plastic optical fibers is that under which kind of bandwidth no matter be operated in, its attenuation quotient is constant, can predict its work shape
Decay situation under state.8. the requirement of specific occasion is met, under some specific occasions, such as inflammable and explosive oil depot and bullet
Drug Storage, the chemical storage of high corrosion, moist and often hydrops mines, the net near the transformer station of high-intensity magnetic field and powerful device
Network, it is desirable to the department such as military, financial of secrecy and thunder-lightning is required used in higher occasion.
For example, CN1415982A discloses a kind of fluorination clad plastic optical fiber, and it has fluorine outside fibre core or plastic optical fiber
Change clad, the manufacture method of fluorination clad plastic optical fiber is additionally provided, including getting the raw materials ready：Prepare fibre core or plastic optical fiber；Will
Fibre core or plastic optical fiber are put into the fluorination stove that concentration is 0.01%～10%, carry out 2～72h of fluorination reaction at 10～80 DEG C, then
Fluorination clad plastic optical fiber is obtained.
And for example, CN1397810A discloses a kind of plastic optical fiber and its manufacture method, its provide easily use and also safety,
Link cost is low, can carry out short distance lays, high frequency band transmission capacity it is big and also it is low transmission loss can be with glass system SM
SM plastics optical fiber and its manufacture method that type optical fiber is connected with each other.It is that fibre core is fluorine-containing by the amorphous state essentially without c h bond
Polymer is constituted, the guided wave mode that clad is made up of the fluoropolymer of refractive index lower than fluoropolymer more than 0.001
It is using melted extrusion forming or the plastic optical fiber manufacture method by mother metal melt drawing for the plastic optical fiber of single mode.
But, existing plastic optical fiber is suffered from the drawback that：A. solid material structure, optical attenuation is larger, due to phase step type
Plastic optical fiber makees fiber cores using solid plastics (polymer), and its light transmittance is all undesirable, causes larger optical attenuation, Japan
The decay for producing phase step type plastic optical fiber is substantially also 150～200dB/km, and the decay of domestic phase step type plastic optical fiber is basic
On be 200～250dB/km or so, can be less than 200dB/km product it is little.This phenomenon is due to phase step type plastic optical fiber
Caused by solid construction.When light conducts in core material, optical attenuation does not have breakthrough substantially.B. transmission range is not far, by
It is larger in the decay of phase step type plastic optical fiber, the even other product of communication stage, typically also just 100 meters or so of transmission, with the modern times
The requirement of communication has larger gap, if wanting to solve this problem, it is necessary to change the structure of phase step type plastic optical fiber.C. pass
Defeated bandwidth and speed is not high, and the message transmission rate of phase step type plastic optical fiber can reach 100Mb/s*100m, but higher speed
It is difficult to reach.D. visible ray can not can only be transmitted with silica fibre system compatible, phase step type plastic optical fiber, for maturation
Infrared optical attenuation that silica fibre system is transmitted greatly, so phase step type plastic optical fiber can not with silica fibre system compatible,
Docking must be carried out by transducer, not only inconvenient, and improve cost.
The content of the invention
The technical problem to be solved is to provide a kind of new hollow plastic fiber and optical cable.
Technical scheme is as follows：A kind of hollow plastic fiber, it arranges clad, transition zone and hollow layer；Institute
State hollow layer vacant；Refractive index of the refractive index of the transition zone more than the clad.
Preferably, in the hollow plastic fiber, the clad is fluorine material layer.
Preferably, in the hollow plastic fiber, the transition zone at least includes polymethyl acrylate, poly- carbonic acid
One of ester, polystyrene.
Preferably, in the hollow plastic fiber, the thickness of the hollow layer, the thickness of the transition zone and the cladding
The thickness of layer is arranged by preset ratio.
Preferably, in the hollow plastic fiber, the transition zone is composite bed.
Preferably, in the hollow plastic fiber, the refractive index of the inner layer material of the composite bed is more than or equal to outer layer
The refractive index of material.
Preferably, in the hollow plastic fiber, the hollow layer is cylinder, and the transition zone is with the clad
Annular.
The present invention another technical scheme be, a kind of optical cable, it includes arbitrary above-mentioned hollow plastic fiber.
Preferably, the optical cable also includes an at least protective layer.
Preferably, in the optical cable, the thickness of the protective layer is 0.3 to 2.3 millimeter.
Using such scheme, the present invention adopts hollow design, greatly reduces the transmission attenuation of optical signal, breaches plastics
Optical fiber can only transmit the restriction of visible ray, it is possible to achieve full spectrum light is transmitted, and completely compatible existing fiber system is used, and
And the distance of transmission is farther, the speed of transmission is higher, with very high market using value.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the plastic optical fiber structural representation of prior art；
Fig. 2 is the light refraction schematic diagram in plastic optical fiber shown in Fig. 1；
Fig. 3 is the hollow plastic fiber structural representation of one embodiment of the invention；
Fig. 4 is the structural representation of embodiment illustrated in fig. 3 other direction；
Fig. 5 is the light refraction schematic diagram in embodiment illustrated in fig. 3；
Fig. 6 is the cable configuration schematic diagram of one embodiment of the invention；
Fig. 7 is the light refraction schematic diagram in embodiment illustrated in fig. 6.
Specific embodiment
For the ease of understanding the present invention, below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiment, the present invention will be described in more detail.
The preferred embodiment of the present invention is given in accompanying drawing.But, the present invention can be realized by many different forms, not
The embodiment being limited to described by this specification.On the contrary, the purpose for providing these embodiments is made to the disclosure
Understanding more it is thorough comprehensively.
It should be noted that when element is referred to as " being fixed on " another element, it can directly on another element
Or can also there is element placed in the middle.When an element is considered as " connection " another element, it can be directly connected to
To another element or may be simultaneously present centering elements.Term " vertical " that this specification is used, " level ",
"left", "right" and similar statement are for illustrative purposes only.
Unless otherwise defined, this specification is used all of technology and scientific terminology and the technology neck for belonging to the present invention
The implication that the technical staff in domain is generally understood that is identical.The term used in the description of the invention in this specification is simply
The purpose of description specific embodiment, is not intended to limit the present invention.The term "and/or" that this specification is used includes one
The arbitrary and all of combination of individual or multiple related Listed Items.
In order to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention be on the basis of ripe phase step type Manufacturing technique of plastic optical fiber,
A kind of hollow plastic fiber of brand-new tubular structure is invented.The invention refer to fiber waveguide principle, using light refraction and entirely
The characteristic of reflection, allows light to conduct in atmosphere, makes optical attenuation that minimum state is presented, and improves the transmission range and band of optical fiber
Width, and decline production cost, reach the purpose of industrialization.The starting point of the invention is to change phase step type plastic optical fiber structure,
Introduce hollow concept, the light for making transmission passes through in atmosphere, not only solve the aforesaid drawbacks of phase step type plastic optical fiber with not
Foot, solves the problems, such as industrialization.This scheme can keep plastic optical fiber uniqueness on the premise of, and with silica fibre system
System is preferably compatible, uses simpler, more convenient.With the innovation form of plastic optical fiber technology, plastic optical fiber is reached a large amount of
The purpose of promotion and application.
For example, the structure of hollow plastic fiber of the present invention is as shown in figure 3, the i.e. horizontal section schematic diagram of optical fiber, its longitudinal direction
Profile is as shown in figure 4, be hollow-core construction in the middle of the optical fiber, it is shaped as tubulose.Optical fiber is made up of two media, and its outside is
Clad, mainly fluorine material or fluorinated polymer, inner side is transition zone, and mainly by PMMA, PC, (Poly-Carbonate gathers
Carbonic ester), the pairing of PS (Poly-Styrene, polystyrene) and clad forms.As shown in figure 3, an enforcement of the present invention
Example is, a kind of hollow plastic fiber, and it arranges clad 203, transition zone 202 and hollow layer 201；The hollow layer is vacant；I.e.
It is empty in the middle of the hollow plastic fiber, so, effectively changes existing phase step type plastic optical fiber structure, becomes solid construction
For hollow-core construction, such hollow-core construction design, the transmission attenuation of optical signal is greatly reduced, breaching plastic optical fiber can only pass
The restriction of defeated visible ray, it is possible to achieve full spectrum light is transmitted, and completely compatible existing fiber system is used；Also, it is adopted
Double dielectric mirror structures of transition zone and clad；Relative to the core material that light transmittance is 93% or so, decay is eliminated
The impact of coefficient, avoids to greatest extent obvious loss of the core material to light；Preferably, the hollow layer be blanket of nitrogen or
Person's helium layer；And for example, the hollow layer is air layer, i.e., without extra process, such cost is minimum；Preferably, in use,
The hollow layer vacuum is arranged；This is optimal effectiveness that may be present in theory, but relatively costly.
Preferably, the thickness of the hollow layer, the thickness of the transition zone press preset ratio with the thickness of the clad
Arrange.For example, the thickness of the transition zone and the thickness of the clad are set by preset ratio；For example, the transition zone
Thickness is 1 to 2.5 by preset ratio with the thickness of the clad:1 is arranged.Preferably, the thickness of the transition zone with it is described
The thickness of clad is 1.8 to 2.5 by preset ratio:1 is arranged.For example, the hollow layer, the transition zone and the clad
Thickness proportion be (2.0 to 9.0):(1.8 to 2.5):1.Preferably, the thickness of the hollow layer, the thickness of the transition zone
With the thickness of the clad, the ratio of three is 2 to 8:1 to 2.5:1；Preferably, the clad is fluorine material layer.Example
Such as, the hollow layer, the transition zone and the thickness proportion of the clad are (3.6 to 68):(1.8 to 2.5):1.For example,
The hollow layer, the transition zone are 4 with the thickness proportion of the clad:2:1.And for example, the hollow layer, the transition zone
It is 5.6 with the thickness proportion of the clad:2.2:1.For example, the hollow layer has circular cross-section, then its thickness is the circle
The diameter of shape.And for example, the transition zone, the clad are annular, and its thickness is the overall diameter and interior diameter of respective annular
Difference.
Also, as shown in figure 3, the tubulose hollow plastic fiber is hollow tubular structures, it has circular cross-section main body；
The circular cross-section main body includes three concentric circulars；It is normal it is non-exerted a force by outside in the case of, or be only subject to nature
In the case of gravity, the tubulose hollow plastic fiber has circular cross-section main body；The circular cross-section main body includes three together
The heart is justified；Also, a concentric circular of minimum is hollow.Wherein, a minimum concentric circular is hollow layer 201, middle one
Individual concentric circular is transition zone 202, and a maximum concentric circular is clad 203.
Preferably, a hollow layer is only set.Preferably, the hollow layer is cylindrical shape；Or, the hollow layer is
Elliptic Cylinder shape, it has elliptic cross-section, also, the transition zone has circular cross-section, and it surrounds described oval section
Face, i.e., the non-uniform thickness design of described transition zone, so, for refraction and reflected light path；Preferably, in the transition zone
Two reinforcements are set, and it is arranged at the position between circular cross-section and the oval short axle of elliptic cross-section；Preferably, it is described
The radius of reinforcement is the 1/5 to 1/4 of the round diameter and the difference of oval short axle.Or, set inside the transition zone
Some sandwich of layers are put, each sandwich of layers is vacant；It is empty inside i.e. described sandwich of layers；Or, the transition zone interior part
From some sandwich of layers are arranged, i.e., each sandwich of layers non-interconnected is arranged.Preferably, there is each sandwich of layers that non-interconnected is arranged arc to cut
Face, also, its center of circle coincides with the center of circle of the circular cross-section of the hollow layer.Preferably, the thickness of the sandwich of layers is 20
To 50 microns.Or, it is preferred that the sandwich of layers inside arranges material of the refractive index less than the transition zone other materials, institute
State material of the other materials i.e. in addition to sandwich of layers internal material.Preferably, the transition zone is contacted with the hollow layer
Simultaneously there is smooth layer.
The operation principle of optical fiber of the present invention is as shown in figure 5, the end face of the Jing optical fiber of light 204 that sends of light source is with injection way
In injection fibre, through optical fiber hollow part, i.e. hollow layer 201, and transition zone 202 is entered, in transition zone 202 and clad
It is totally reflected at 203 junction.When light is injected medium 2 and is reflected from medium 1, incidence angle θ1With refraction angle θ2Sine ratio
n2/n1The referred to as refractive index of the relative medium 1 of medium 2, i.e., " relative index of refraction ".Therefore, " absolute index of refraction " is considered as medium phase
Refractive index to vacuum.It is the physical quantity for representing the light velocity ratio in two media.For example, according to the law of refraction, n1sin θ1
=n2sinθ2, wherein, θ1With θ2It is respectively angle of incidence and refraction angle of the light on medium interface, the refractive index of two media is distinguished
It is n1With n2.At this moment the light of most of pattern, determines due to meeting according to transition zone and coating layer material refractive index value
Numerical aperture NA condition, so as to be totally reflected with generation on clad interface.As long as adjusting the refractive index of transition zone, this is allowed
The light of a little total reflections reenters the hollow position of optical fiber.Constantly repeat in this form, form light and transmit in a fiber
Process.
It is with low cost using simple using hollow plastic fiber described in various embodiments of the present invention, without the need for union joint, arbitrarily
Cut off and use, insert；So, it is remarkably contributing to break the trade monopoly of Japanese firm, the technology for setting up Chinese Enterprise is excellent
Gesture.Conception of the present invention is farsighted, and the industry that solves is badly in need of the attenuation problem for solving, and also solves production cost and application problem, and one
Lift obtain more.
Also, in various embodiments of the present invention, the refractive index of the transition zone is more than the refractive index of the clad.Due to light
The speed propagated in a vacuum is maximum, therefore the refractive index of other mediums is both greater than 1.Common, same medium is to different wave length
Light, with different refractive indexs；It is being that in transparent medium, refractive index often increases with the reduction of wavelength, i.e., red to visible ray
The refractive index of light is minimum, and the refractive index of purple light is maximum.For example, in order that all reflecting into the multi-mode light in optical fiber,
The refractive index for seeking buffer layer material is greater than the refractive index of coating layer material.When light enters refractive index from the big medium of refractive index
During little medium, theoretical according to refraction, refraction angle will be greater than angle of incidence, work as incidence angle θ1During increase, refraction angle also increases therewith.
When angle of incidence increases to a certain angle, θCWhen, refraction angle Φ2=90o, when refraction angle is 90o, corresponding incidence angle θ1It is referred to as critical
Angle θC.At this moment the law of refraction is changed into：sinθC/ sin90o=n1/n2, thus derive sin θC=n2/n1, work as incidence angle θ1It is more than
Critical angle θCWhen, i.e. θ1>θCWhen, light presses θ by the interface of two media2=θ1Angle be all reflected back in the first medium, this
Plant the total reflection that phenomenon is referred to as light.That is, working as incidence angle θ1Convergence critical angle θCWhen, the intensity for reflecting light gradually weakens, instead
The intensity for penetrating light gradually increases；Work as incidence angle θ1To be in close proximity to critical angle θCWhen, the intensity for reflecting light is very weak, reflected light
Intensity close to incident illumination intensity；Work as incidence angle θ1More than critical angle θCWhen, refraction light disappears, and total reflection occurs, and luminous energy is complete
Portion is reflected back toward in the first medium.Also, only when light is from the big medium incident of refractive index to the little medium of refractive index,
Total reflection can be produced.For example, total reflection can be produced when light incides air from glass, and is worked as light and is entered from the little air of refractive index
When being mapped to the big glass of refractive index, total reflection phenomenon cannot be produced.Preferably, by the different double media of adjustment with birefringence
Rate value, can strengthen total reflection effect.
Preferably, according to the matching between different materials and compatibility, i.e. both refractive indexs and physico-chemical property, institute is set
Transition zone is stated with the clad.Different double combination of media, needs are matched and adjusted, and not only make both optical characteristics
The matching requirement of total reflection can be reached, that is, meets the condition of double medium total reflections, and be associated with light by transition zone entrance
The parameter request of hollow part, while it is also contemplated that the cost requirement of scene application, with this best match assembled scheme is found out.And
And, in order to reach the effect of total reflection condition, its production technology must assure that the precision and fineness of transition zone interior surface, together
When reduce double media interface material the factor such as influence each other.
For example, using PMMA as buffer layer material, its refractive index is 1.49, then the refractive index of coating layer material must expire
Foot is less than this value, such as the refractive index of usual glass is more than 1.5, then coating layer material can not select glass；Or, and for example, adopt
With PC as buffer layer material, Merlon is functional in -137～120 DEG C of wide temperature range, and being suitable to open air makes
With refractive index is 1.586；Then the refractive index of coating layer material is less than 1.586, it is preferred that the refractive index of buffer layer material
It is bigger than the refractive index of coating layer material by 0.04；Preferably, the refractive index of buffer layer material is bigger than the refractive index of coating layer material
0.1；For example, the silicone resin using refractive index less than 1.43；And for example, from common material as coating layer material, its with
The one side of buffer layer material contact arranges a refracting layer, and for example, the one side contacted with buffer layer material in coating layer material is arranged
One refraction film or reflectance coating；And for example, the one side for contacting with buffer layer material in coating layer material arranges the coating material solidified layers of UV, by
1.4 are less than in the coating material solidified usual refractive indexs of UV, the refractive index that so can ensure that buffer layer material is more than coating layer material
Refractive index.Preferably, in the hollow plastic fiber, the transition zone includes polymethyl acrylate, Merlon, gathers
One or more in styrene.For example, the transition zone includes polymethyl acrylate, and and for example, the transition zone includes
Merlon, and for example, the transition zone includes polystyrene；For example, polystyrene refractive index is 1.55 to 1.60, PMMA refractions
Rate is 1.49, and the transition zone includes polystyrene, and the clad includes polymethyl acrylate；And for example, the transition
Layer includes polystyrene and Merlon, and the clad includes polymethyl acrylate and/or silicone resin etc..It is preferred that
, the transition zone is composite bed；For example, the transition zone includes polymethyl acrylate, Merlon and polystyrene.
Preferably, refractive index of the refractive index of the inner layer material of the composite bed more than or equal to cladding material.And for example, the transition zone
From inside to outside order arranges polymethyl acrylate, Merlon and polystyrene.Preferably, the transition zone has annulus
Tee section, or, the transition zone has a circular ring section body and the circular ring section body protrude above it is some continuous
The arch or semicircle of arrangement, this structure contributes to strengthening the structural stability of the hollow plastic fiber, and not shadow
Ring the total reflection effect between the transition zone and the clad.Preferably, the semicircular radius is the annular
The outer shroud radius 2% to 3% of section body, and each semicircle continuous arrangement, are linked in sequence, and are distributed in the annular and cut
Outside the outer shroud of face body.Preferably, as shown in figure 3, the hollow layer is cylinder, the transition zone is with the clad
Annular.Preferably, the transition zone have three layers of circular ring structure, its internal ring be Merlon, medium ring be refractive index be 1.58 with
Under polystyrene, outer shroud is polymethyl acrylate.For example, the Merlon of the internal ring, polystyrene of medium ring, outer
The thickness proportion of the polymethyl acrylate of ring is (1.0 to 1.3):(1.0 to 1.2):1；Preferably, the poly- carbon of the internal ring
Acid esters, the polystyrene of medium ring, the thickness proportion of the polymethyl acrylate of outer shroud are 1.2:1.1:It is 1, i.e. Merlon, poly-
Styrene, the thickness proportion of polymethyl acrylate are 1.2:1.1:1；In such manner, it is possible to extraordinary total reflection effect is obtained,
It is particularly suitable for industry application.And for example, Merlon, polystyrene, the thickness proportion of polymethyl acrylate are 1:1:1.
Preferably, the hollow plastic fiber is a diameter of 0.3 to 1.0 millimeter, and for example, the hollow plastic fiber is a diameter of
0.5th, 0.6 or 0.8 millimeter etc.；Or, according to demand the specification of optical fiber, arranges the hollow plastic fiber diameter；So, originally
The there is provided hollow plastic fiber of invention can completely substitute existing various associated fiber products.Diameter mentioned here refers to institute
State the external diameter of hollow plastic fiber.Preferably, in the hollow plastic fiber, the thickness of the clad is 10 to 200 microns,
For example, the thickness of the clad is 16,25,36,55,68,79,99,126,167,184 or 198 microns etc..And for example, it is described
The thickness of transition zone is 10 to 200 microns；For example, the thickness of the transition zone be 15,28,34,49,64,75,89,96,111,
138th, 146,168,179 or 199 microns etc..Preferably, in the hollow plastic fiber, the thickness of the transition zone with it is described
The thickness of clad is arranged by preset ratio.For example, the thickness of the clad is 2 to 6 times of the thickness of the transition zone.It is excellent
Choosing, the thickness of the clad is 3.2 to 4.5 times of the thickness of the transition zone.For example, the thickness of the clad is institute
State transition zone 3.6 times of thickness.Preferably, the clad outside arranges netted protective layer, and its thickness is 10 to 15 microns,
Prepared using wear-resistant plastic.Preferably, the netted protective layer is moulding layer, for keeping definite shape after stress, so as to
In installation and wiring.For example, the netting twine of the netted protective layer is tinsel.For example, the body is a diameter of 1.0 millimeters, institute
The thickness for stating transition zone is 100 microns, and the thickness of the clad is 100 microns, and the empty core layer thickness is 800 microns.
Preferably, according to using scene difference, its diameter d values are 0.3～1.0mm to the external diameter of optical fiber, wherein coating thickness
Spend for 10～100 μm, the thickness of transition zone is 10～100 μm, is mutually adjusted according to the thickness of scene requirement, two layer medium is used
Depending on pairing.For example, a diameter of 0.6mm of optical fiber, wherein coating thickness are 0.36mm, and the thickness of transition zone is 0.12mm,
Both ratios are 3:1.Such as, a diameter of 0.8mm of optical fiber, wherein coating thickness are 0.4mm, and the thickness of transition zone is
0.2mm, both ratios are 2:1.
Preferably, in the hollow plastic fiber, the clad is fluorine material layer.Preferably, in the clad
Portion arrange a sandwich of layers, it is set to ring stiffener layer, it is preferred that its adopt Merlon (PC), ABS-
Styrene copolymerized compound (ABS), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) material；Preferably, the sandwich of layers also sets up linear adding
Strong muscle layer.Preferably, the sandwich of layers is arranged with the transition zone noncontact.Preferably, set inside the linear reinforcement layer
Put some tinsels.Preferably, the Oil repellent of the clad is 1% to 2%, and the content is mass percent.For example, institute
State clad and CF is at least partly set4.And for example, the clad is set to the mixture of two kinds or more of fluoropolymers.
Preferably, in the clad, CF4Molar content be 1% to 4%.
With the various embodiments described above connected applications, as shown in fig. 6, another embodiment of the present invention is, a kind of optical cable, it includes
Hollow plastic fiber described in any of the above-described embodiment.Preferably, the optical cable also includes an at least protective layer, as shown in fig. 6, institute
Optical cable is stated including optical fiber and a protective layer, is sequentially from inside to outside hollow layer 201, transition zone 202, clad 203 and protective layer
205；For example, the circular cross-section main body includes four concentric circulars；Also, a concentric circular of minimum is hollow.Wherein, most
A little concentric circular is hollow layer, and a middle concentric circular is transition zone, and a concentric circular of its outer ring is clad, most
A big concentric circular is protective layer.Preferably, the thickness of the protective layer is 2 to 6 times of the thickness of the clad；Example
Such as, the thickness of the protective layer is 2.5 times of the thickness of the clad.For example, protective layer be PE protective layers, PVC protective layers,
The vertical bag protective layer of aluminum/polyethylene integrated protection layer (LAP), wrinkle steel band, the wrapped protective layer of LAP+ steel bands, LAP+ steel-tape armourings are protected
Sheath or LAP+ wire armoring protective layers etc..Preferably, in the optical cable, the thickness of the protective layer is 0.3 to 2.3 milli
Rice.And for example, the cable interior houses one, the two or many hollow plastic fiber.
The effect of protective layer is protection cable core, i.e., above-mentioned hollow plastic fiber prevents invading for mechanical damage and harmful substance
Erosion, has strict demand to the performance such as lateral pressure resistant ability, moisture seal, corrosion-resistant.Protective layer has for the service life of optical cable
Important function, for example, protective layer structure includes：Inner sheath, armor and outer jacket.Wherein, the inner sheath is to be located at armouring
Concentric layer between layer and cable core, plays device protection and acts on armouring liner.Preferably, inner sheath is set to PE, PVC sheath；
Armor is provided in the concentric layer between inner sheath and outer jacket, acts primarily as resistance to compression or the device protection effect of anti-tensile.It is preferred that
, armor is made up of steel wire or steel band.The Main Function of steel-tape armouring layer is resistance to compression, it is adaptable to the occasion of embedded underground.Steel
Silk armor Main Function be tension, be mainly used under water or vertical run occasion.In submarine optical fiber cable, to prevent fishing gear
And damage of the Fish to optical cable, also there is the situation that armor is constituted using steel band and steel wire joint.Preferably, the armor sets
Bilayer is put, each layer includes steel wire floor and its overcoating plastic layer；The material of Common Steels band and steel wire is all cold rolling by mild steel
Make.To prevent corrosion, it is desirable to which armouring tape there must be erosion control measures, anticorrosive paint or zinc-plated or plate phosphorus, and armouring such as is precoated
Steel wire is then using zinc-plated or plating phosphoretic steel silk, plastic coating steel wire, extrusion molding steel wire etc..Outer jacket is provided in concentric outside armor
Layer, mainly plays corrosion protection effect to armor.Preferably, the outer jacket includes PE, PVC and silicone rubber jacket etc..
The hollow plastic optical cable transverse cross-sectional view of tubulose is as shown in fig. 6, its longitudinal sectional drawing is as shown in Figure 7.It is by moulding
Material optical fiber increases protective layer and forms.The material of protective layer can be according to requirements the materials such as PE, PVC, nylon, and its thickness is
0.3～2.3mm.For example, protective layer is nylon；For example, protective layer includes nylon of the thickness for 0.8mm.Preferably, the protection
Layer has five layers of circular ring structure, and its internal ring is PE, and the second ring is steel wire, and medium ring is PVC, and Fourth Ring is steel band, and outer shroud is nylon,
For example, wherein PE, steel wire, PVC, steel band, nylon thickness ratio are 1:1.2:1:1.2:1.05.So, it is particularly suitable for severe
Apply in environment.
Further, embodiments of the invention also include that each technical characteristic of the various embodiments described above is mutually combined what is formed
Hollow plastic fiber and optical cable, by the way that phase step type plastic optical fiber internal structure is carried out into innovation change so as to which optic fibre characteristic occurs
The change of essence, that is, remain the advantage and characteristic of former plastic optical fiber, and its optical fiber transmission property qualitative change is improved so as to can be with
Silica fibre system compatible.The essence that this innovation changes is to become solid construction into hollow-core construction, and optical fiber profile is remained in that
Constant, so that this novel optical fiber still can be used in phase step type plastic optical fiber system, but the distance except for the difference that transmitted is more
Far, the speed of transmission is higher.The industry size and market capacity of plastic optical fiber is huge, the various industry requirements and environment to country
Impact it is very important.The price of hollow plastic fiber is substantially lower than the Category-5 twisted pair price of high-quality 100,000,000, therefore, it is of the invention
The development of tubulose hollow plastic fiber solves the deficiency of existing plastic optical fiber, is photoconduction in data transfer and data communication applications
Fiber new product, the space for having huge market prospect and development.
Phase step type plastic optical fiber is because communication distance only within 100 meters, which limits plastic optical fiber in many fields
It is middle to expand application.Due effect such as should be played in triple play technology, especially last 1 kilometer is being solved the problems, such as
On, its characteristic and advantages, but its 100 meters of distance limit its effects, could not embody in integration of three networks application,
All there are problems that this in control, electric power, traffic, medical treatment and national defense industry；Instant invention overcomes existing phase step type plastic light
Fine deficiency, not only can completely substitute existing communication rank phase step type plastic optical fiber, and can also substitute copper mesh winding thread, reach
Save copper resource, the effect of energy-conserving and environment-protective and purpose.
The most important innovative point of the present invention is the design of the hollow plastic fiber structure of tubulose, former according to optical total reflection
Reason, reflection law and refraction principle, hollow utilization refraction and total reflection principle are changed to by plastic optical fiber by solid, and light is from close Jie of light
During matter directive optically thinner medium, when angle of incidence exceedes a certain critical angle, refraction light is wholly absent, only remaining reflected light, so, can
With allow light by originally in solid core material conduction switch to conduct in atmosphere, be not only remarkably decreased production cost, and
Improve the frequency response characteristic of attenuation characteristic and signal of the light in conductive process.This change makes plastic optical fiber transmission special
Property occur essential change, so as to improve transfer rate and transmission range.
It should be noted that above-mentioned each technical characteristic continues to be mutually combined, the various embodiments not being enumerated above are formed,
It is accordingly to be regarded as the scope of description of the invention record；Also, for those of ordinary skills, can add according to the above description
To improve or convert, and all these modifications and variations should all belong to the protection domain of claims of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of hollow plastic fiber, it is characterised in that clad, transition zone and hollow layer are set；The hollow layer is vacant；Institute
The refractive index of the refractive index more than the clad of transition zone is stated, for making light in the transition zone and the clad junction
Place is totally reflected；Also, hollow layer described in is only set；The clad is fluorine material layer；The transition zone is at least wrapped
Include one of polymethyl acrylate, Merlon, polystyrene；
The thickness of the hollow layer, the thickness of the transition zone are arranged with the thickness of the clad by preset ratio, the sky
Sandwich layer, the transition zone are (2.0 to 9.0) with the thickness proportion of the clad:(1.8 to 2.5):1.
2. hollow plastic fiber according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the transition zone is composite bed.
3. hollow plastic fiber according to claim 2, it is characterised in that the refractive index of the inner layer material of the composite bed is big
In or equal to the refractive index of cladding material.
4. hollow plastic fiber according to claim 3, it is characterised in that the hollow layer is cylinder, the transition zone
It is annular with the clad.
5. a kind of optical cable, it is characterised in that include the hollow plastic fiber as any one of Claims 1-4.
6. optical cable according to claim 5, it is characterised in that also including an at least protective layer.
7. optical cable according to claim 6, it is characterised in that the thickness of the protective layer is 0.3 to 2.3 millimeter.
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| US10684411B2 (en) * | 2017-04-07 | 2020-06-16 | Ofs Fitel, Llc | Cabling configurations for hollow core optical fibers |
| CN107321392B (en) * | 2017-07-28 | 2019-10-08 | 重庆理工大学 | Photocatalysis hollow quartz fiber and production method |
| CN110591370A (en) * | 2018-06-13 | 2019-12-20 | 长春工业大学 | Organic silicon resin plastic optical fiber cladding material and method for manufacturing plastic optical fiber using same |
| CN109031556A (en) * | 2018-07-30 | 2018-12-18 | 广东南方电力通信有限公司 | One kind returning inspection optical fiber and its end connector |
| CN109870762B (en) * | 2019-02-27 | 2020-11-03 | 南宁旭越光纤有限责任公司 | Low-attenuation plastic optical fiber and preparation method thereof |
| JP6890638B2 (en) * | 2019-08-05 | 2021-06-18 | 京セラ株式会社 | Fiber optic power supply system and fiber optic cable |
| CN114442242A (en) * | 2021-12-29 | 2022-05-06 | 武汉烽理光电技术有限公司 | Vibration sensing optical cable |
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| CN1396467A (en) * | 2002-05-18 | 2003-02-12 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Hollow optical fibre of photon coystal plastics and its preparing process |
| CN2685897Y (en) * | 2003-11-28 | 2005-03-16 | 中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所 | Brag reflective hollow polymer photon crystal optical fibre |
| CN101446664A (en) * | 2008-11-25 | 2009-06-03 | 江苏亨通光电股份有限公司 | Hollow quartz plastic special optical fiber |
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| US20080116595A1 (en) * | 2004-09-22 | 2008-05-22 | Fujifilm Corporation | Plastic Optical Fiber Preform and Method for Manufacturing The Same |
| US20080050076A1 (en) * | 2006-08-23 | 2008-02-28 | Ming-Jun Li | Low loss photonic waveguide having high index contrast glass layers |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1396467A (en) * | 2002-05-18 | 2003-02-12 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Hollow optical fibre of photon coystal plastics and its preparing process |
| CN2685897Y (en) * | 2003-11-28 | 2005-03-16 | 中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所 | Brag reflective hollow polymer photon crystal optical fibre |
| CN101446664A (en) * | 2008-11-25 | 2009-06-03 | 江苏亨通光电股份有限公司 | Hollow quartz plastic special optical fiber |
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