CN103941333A - Hollow plastic optical fiber and optical cable - Google Patents
Hollow plastic optical fiber and optical cable Download PDFInfo
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- CN103941333A CN103941333A CN201410201686.0A CN201410201686A CN103941333A CN 103941333 A CN103941333 A CN 103941333A CN 201410201686 A CN201410201686 A CN 201410201686A CN 103941333 A CN103941333 A CN 103941333A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a hollow plastic optical fiber and an optical cable, wherein the hollow plastic optical fiber is provided with a coating layer, a transition layer and a hollow core layer; the hollow core layer is hollow; the refractive index of the transition layer is more than that of the coating layer. Through adopting the above scheme, the hollow plastic optical fiber adopts a hollow design, so that the transmission attenuation of optical signals is greatly reduced, the limitation that the plastic optical fiber only can transmit visible light is broken through, the plastic optical fiber can transmit full-spectrum light and is completely compatible with an existing optical fiber system for use; the production cost is reduced so as to be easy to industrialize; the transmission distance is much longer, the transmission rate is much higher, and the deficiencies of an existing step type plastic optical fiber are overcome; therefore, the hollow plastic optical fiber can completely substitute the existing communication-level step type plastic optical fiber but also can substitute a copper network cable, the effect and purpose of saving copper resources, saving energy and protecting environment are achieved, and very high market application value is provided.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to LED illumination, in particular, a kind of hollow plastic fiber and optical cable.
Background technology
Plastic optical fiber (Plastic Optical Fiber, POF), also claim polymer optical fiber, superpolymer optical fiber, formed by the transparent polymer sandwich layer of high index of refraction and the transparent polymer clad of low-refraction, especially being applicable to making POF Communications uses, it is a kind of light transmitting fiber that adopts high transparent polymer material to manufacture that recent two decades grows up, it is the low-carbon environment-friendly product that uses macromolecular material to make, have a wide range of applications demand in field of information transmission, be put into country's " new material industry " 12 " development plan ", its industry development direction meets national strategy new industry developing direction completely.Optical cable generally refers to the finished product cable of outer coated sheath, and optical fiber generally refers to the fibre core for transmitting in optical cable, but has people also optical cable to be called to optical fiber.
The core of POF Communications is made up of the macromolecular material PMMA (polymethylmethacrylate, polymethyl acrylate) that is commonly called as acrylic conventionally, is a kind of novel optical waveguide fiber.This optical fiber pliability is good, core diameter is large, docking is easy, bandwidth is higher, can meet high-speed wideband net, residence network, multi-media network development in the urgent need to, can substitute now widely used copper mesh line at network end-point, and coordinate the preferable medium of building all-optical network with trunk silica fibre.Plastic optical fiber has become new material, new technology, the new product in the applications such as all-optical network, Internet of Things, sensor, interconnected, aircraft, medical treatment, home intelligent network, industrial control system and decorative lighting, has broad application prospects.
Photoelectron technology is one of core technology of Future Information industry, communication stage plastic optical fiber is as the important component part of optoelectronic applications, its application system has the features such as vibrations, reliability are high, anti-electromagnetic interference (EMI) of not being afraid of, particularly there is unique application prospect in fields such as automotive networking, industrial control network and defence and militaries, have very large opportunity to develop future.
In the electric system of the high electric field in highfield, the information transmission system using plastic optical fiber as transmission medium, because there is no electromagnetic interference (EMI), there is the features such as transmission data reliability is high, good stability, real-time, capacity is large, cost is low, easy construction, even if in the particular surroundingss such as thunder and lightning hotspots, also can support the application of the business scenarios such as power industry electricity consumption data information acquisition system, intelligent substation, electric power video monitoring comprehensively, there is unique advantage and stronger using value at aspects such as short haul connection fields.
In industrial control system, plastic optical fiber has ample scope for one's abilities especially.POF can overall application the equipment of Industrial Ethernet, centralized opertaing device cluster, automated machine tool, automatic production line, the various control protocols of use as RS-232, RS-422, RS-485, can bus, bus bus in.Industrial enterprise and production scene, severe electromagnetic interference environment can produce serious influence with copper conductor to all kinds of control, how to avoid this impact is the puzzlement of Industry Control industry always, and plastic optical fiber does not have electromagnetic interference problem, just solved this point, thereby ensured that control information transmitting procedure is real-time, accurate, reliable, safety, stable.
Plastic optical fiber has obtained application in automobile industry.Because automobile industry is the spine of country's industry, it has not only represented a national industrial development degree, and has shown the level of technological applications.In modern automobile industry, a large amount of new technologies, new material, new technology and method are adopted.Plastic optical fiber has now been applied to above high-grade luxury car, adopted at present main use at vehicle-mounted multimedia entertainment system, GPS, car phone, vehicle carried information equipment, reversing video radar etc. by 50 various such as BMW, Daimler Chrysler, Audi, VW, Land Rover, Saab, Fiat, Mitsubishi, Jaguar, Volvo, Hyundai and Porsche.
And plastic optical fiber has obvious advantage on military communication.Soft light, anti-vibration antijamming capability strong, be connected fast with auxiliary material without the instrument of any specialty, these features are particularly suitable for the communication interconnection network of battlefield mobile network, military security network, military commanding network, military equipment, therefore the occasion such as Portable omputer system, Helmet Mounted Display for military airborne equipment, military combat tank, naval vessel, aircraft, soldier's Wearable by some developed country's exploitations of plastic optical fiber.We believe, in future soon, plastic optical fiber must be widely used in the military field of China.
Plastic optical fiber is a kind of novel Internet Transmission medium, and the large capacity of the existing silica fibre of this optical fiber, high bandwidth advantage again can be easy to connect as copper networks cable, and cheap easily installation.The core diameter of plastic optical fiber is generally 0.75～1 millimeter, thick more a lot of than silica fibre, and therefore fiber alignment requires can not look like silica fibre precision and strict so.
The development of plastic optical fiber is thing in the last thirty years, be abroad du pont company the earliest last century the seventies begin one's study.The eighties, MIT develops PMMA (polymethyl acrylate) plastic optical fiber that can be used for the communications field, its light signal loss parameter (attenuation coefficient) has been less than 200dB/km, and the Dong Li company (TORAY) of Japan and Asahi Glass company (Asahi Glass) also successively develop other plastic optical fiber of communication stage.Three enterprises of Japan, basic controlling the more than 80% of world market, the at present production of optical fiber starting material and finished cable is mainly monopolized by Japanese enterprises.Attenuation coefficient refers to the attenuation degree of light when by optical fiber, and generally using dB/km as unit, other plastic optical fiber decay General Requirements of phase step type communication stage is the smaller the better, preferably can be less than 200dB/km.
The domestic research and development production plastic optical fiber that just started after 2000, existing Jiangxi mahatma's plastic optical fiber company, Sichuan scientific & technical corporation of Huiyuan, Anhui Zhong Xi scientific & technical corporation and Golden Triangle, Inner Mongol scientific & technical corporation develop and produce PMMA plastic optical fiber, and its attenuation coefficient has been less than or has approached 200dB/km.Also there is a certain distance with japanese product qualitatively at product.
Because plastic optical fiber has that diameter is large, pliability good, density is little, has the advantages such as low loss window, cost and processing charges are low and be used widely gradually in optical illumination, the fields such as decoration, sensor, LAN (Local Area Network), automotive control system of decorating in visible region.Existing plastic optical fiber is mainly phase step type plastic optical fiber, and it is also referred to as SI plastic optical fiber (SI POF).The core material of this kind of optical fiber and coating layer material are for being uniformly distributed, and their refractive index is all fixing constant.Core refractive index is greater than clad refractive index, and both suddenly change by intersection Refractive Index of Material, so be called sudden change formula also referred to as phase step type plastic optical fiber.This optical fiber is now used in a large number and is popularized in plastic optical fiber, is the representative of the real application of plastic optical fiber.As shown in Figure 1, it comprises fiber core layer (Core) 101, clad (Clad) 102 and external sheath layer (Jacket) 103 to the structure of single fiber cable.In the transmission of plastic optical fiber as shown in Figure 2, the transmission direction of light 104 reflects light between sandwich layer 101 and clad 102, and phase step type plastic optical fiber is in transmitting procedure, and only the material by sandwich layer is constantly before reflection and then arrive receiving end.Because the transmittance of core material generally only has 93%～94%, attenuation coefficient is larger, and material has obvious loss to light, and therefore the transmission range of phase step type plastic optical fiber is generally shorter, for example, is no more than 100m.Cause the principal element of optical fiber attenuation to comprise intrinsic, bending, extruding, impurity, inhomogeneous and docking etc.
Plastic optical fiber has following characteristics: 1. antijamming capability is strong, and plastic optical fiber antijamming capability is strong, electromagnetic-radiation-free, and good confidentiality, message capacity is large, and long service life, without problems such as the near-end crosses of twisted-pair feeder.2. lightweight, flexible, easy connection, due to the feature of plastic material itself, make plastic optical fiber itself very light, flexible, flexible, easily connection, while installation in buildings, can be according to actual requirement, scene cuts off and is connected, instrument is simple, and common people are familiar with will having used a little.Install while connection, do not need complicated mounting process and equipment, the interface of light device, without any joint, is directly inserted in plastic optical fiber two ends, is very easy to.3. maintenance cost is low, need not any interface unit due to plastic optical fiber two ends, can directly cut out use, and need not as silica fibre, must professional just can connect.What secondly in plastic optical fiber, use is wavelength 650nm visible red, its power is very little, human body is not formed to any injury, maintainer can observe directly the break-make situation of light path in optical fiber, to fault search and judge extremely convenient, instrument and equipment that need not be professional can complete, convenient and swift and low cost.4. coupling is good, and plastic optical fiber is thick more a lot of than silica fibre, so that fibre core is generally its coupling of 0.75～1mm is very strong, logical optic angle degree is larger, even have 30 μ m deviation slightly when connection, also can not impact to communication.The coupling mechanism that connects use is also very cheap.5. vibration resistance is strong, and plastic optical fiber is not afraid of vibration, can use widely at the vehicles, navigation aircraft and have in the working environment of vibration, in automobile, bullet train, naval vessel and aircraft manufacturing, all can widely apply.6. low price cost is low, saves copper resource, and due to mass production, 100,000,000 domestic plastic optical fiber prices are a little less than high-quality 100,000,000 Category-5 twisted pair prices, and plastic optical fiber price declining, and copper resource is reducing, and copper cable price is rising.7. decay to constant, a feature of 650nm plastic optical fiber is, no matter is operated under which kind of bandwidth, and its attenuation coefficient is constant, can predict the decay situation under its duty.8. meet the requirement of specific occasion; under some specific occasions; for example inflammable and explosive oil depot and ammunition depot; the chemicals storehouse of high corrosion; the mine of moist and normal ponding; near the network transformer station of high-intensity magnetic field and powerful device, require the secret department such as military affairs, finance and occasion that thunder-lightning is had relatively high expectations in use.
For example, CN1415982A discloses one and has fluoridized clad plastic optical fiber, and it has at fibre core or plastic optical fiber the clad of fluoridizing outward, and the manufacture method of fluoridizing clad plastic optical fiber is also provided, and comprises and getting the raw materials ready: prepare fibre core or plastic optical fiber; It is 0.01%～10% the stove of fluoridizing that fibre core or plastic optical fiber are put into concentration, carries out fluoridation 2～72h at 10～80 DEG C, makes and fluoridizes clad plastic optical fiber.
And for example, CN1397810A discloses a kind of plastic optical fiber and manufacture method thereof, its provide easy use and safety, link cost low, can carry out short distance lay, in the transmission capacity of high frequency band large and low transmission loss can with glass SM type processed optical fiber interconnective SM plastic optical fiber and manufacture method thereof.The plastic optical fiber that be fibre core is single mode by the guided wave mode that the amorphous fluoropolymer that there is no in fact c h bond forms, clad will low more than 0.001 fluoropolymer be made up of refractive index ratio fluoropolymer is to utilize melted extrusion forming or the plastic optical fiber manufacture method by mother metal melt drawing.
But, there is following shortcoming in existing plastic optical fiber: a. solid material structure, optical attenuation is larger, because adopting solid plastics (polymkeric substance), phase step type plastic optical fiber makes fiber cores, its transmittance is all undesirable, causes larger optical attenuation, and the decay that Japan produces phase step type plastic optical fiber is also 150～200dB/km substantially, and the decay of domestic phase step type plastic optical fiber is 200～250dB/km left and right substantially, the product that can be less than 200dB/km is little.This phenomenon is due to due to phase step type plastic optical fiber solid construction.When light conducts in core material, optical attenuation does not have breakthrough in essence.B. transmission range is not far, because the decay of phase step type plastic optical fiber is larger, even if other product of communication stage, generally also just transmit 100 meters of left and right, there is larger gap with the requirement of modern communications, if want to address this problem, must change the structure of phase step type plastic optical fiber.C. transmission bandwidth and speed are not high, and the message transmission rate of phase step type plastic optical fiber can reach 100Mb/s*100m, but higher speed is just difficult to reach.D. can not with silica fibre system compatible, phase step type plastic optical fiber can only transmit visible ray, the infrared light decay of transmitting for ripe silica fibre system greatly, so phase step type plastic optical fiber can not with silica fibre system compatible, docking must be undertaken by converter, not only inconvenient, and improved cost.
Summary of the invention
Technical matters to be solved by this invention is to provide a kind of new hollow plastic fiber and optical cable.
Technical scheme of the present invention is as follows: a kind of hollow plastic fiber, and it arranges clad, transition bed and hollow layer; Described hollow layer is vacant; The refractive index of described transition bed is greater than the refractive index of described clad.
Preferably, in described hollow plastic fiber, described clad is fluorine material layer.
Preferably, in described hollow plastic fiber, described transition bed at least comprise polymethyl acrylate, polycarbonate, polystyrene one of them.
Preferably, in described hollow plastic fiber, the thickness of the thickness of described hollow layer, the thickness of described transition bed and described clad is by preset ratio setting.
Preferably, in described hollow plastic fiber, described transition bed is composite bed.
Preferably, in described hollow plastic fiber, the refractive index of the inner layer material of described composite bed is more than or equal to the refractive index of cladding material.
Preferably, in described hollow plastic fiber, described hollow layer is cylindrical, and described transition bed and described clad are annular.
Another technical scheme of the present invention is, a kind of optical cable, and it comprises arbitrary above-mentioned hollow plastic fiber.
Preferably, described optical cable also comprises at least one protective seam.
Preferably, in described optical cable, the thickness of described protective seam is 0.3 to 2.3 millimeter.
Adopt such scheme, the present invention adopts hollow design, greatly reduce the transmission attenuation of light signal, break through the restriction that plastic optical fiber can only transmit visible ray, can realize full spectral light transmission, and complete compatible existing fiber system use, and the distance of transmission is farther, the speed of transmission is higher, has very high market using value.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the plastic optical fiber structural representation of prior art;
Fig. 2 is the light refraction schematic diagram in plastic optical fiber shown in Fig. 1;
Fig. 3 is the hollow plastic fiber structural representation of one embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 4 is the structural representation of other direction embodiment illustrated in fig. 3;
Fig. 5 is the light refraction schematic diagram in embodiment illustrated in fig. 3;
Fig. 6 is the cable configuration schematic diagram of one embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 7 is the light refraction schematic diagram in embodiment illustrated in fig. 6.
Embodiment
For the ease of understanding the present invention, below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments, the present invention will be described in more detail.In accompanying drawing, provide preferred embodiment of the present invention.But the present invention can realize by many different forms, is not limited to the described embodiment of this instructions.On the contrary, providing the object of these embodiment is to make to the understanding of disclosure of the present invention more thoroughly comprehensively.
It should be noted that, when element is called as " being fixed on " another element, it can be directly on another element or also can have an element placed in the middle.When an element is considered to " connection " another element, it can be directly connected to another element or may have centering elements simultaneously.Term " vertical ", " level ", " left side ", " right side " and similar statement that this instructions uses are just for illustrative purposes.
Unless otherwise defined, all technology that this instructions uses are identical with the implication that belongs to the common understanding of those skilled in the art of the present invention with scientific terminology.The term using in instructions of the present invention in this instructions, just in order to describe the object of specific embodiment, is not for limiting the present invention.The term "and/or" that this instructions uses comprise one or more relevant Listed Items arbitrarily with all combinations.
In order to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention is on ripe phase step type Manufacturing technique of plastic optical fiber basis, has invented a kind of hollow plastic fiber of brand-new tubular structure.Optical waveguide principle has been quoted in this invention, utilizes the characteristic of light refraction and total reflection, allows light conduct in air, makes optical attenuation present minimized state, improves transmission range and the bandwidth of optical fiber, and production cost is declined, and reaches the object of industrialization.The starting point of this invention is to change phase step type plastic optical fiber structure, introduces hollow concept, and the light of transmission is passed through in air, has not only solved the aforesaid drawbacks of phase step type plastic optical fiber with not enough, has solved the problem of industrialization.This scheme can keep under the prerequisite of plastic optical fiber uniqueness, compatible preferably with silica fibre system again, uses simpler, more convenient.With the innovation form of plastic optical fiber technology, reach the object of plastic optical fiber large-scale popularization and application.
For example, the structure of hollow plastic fiber of the present invention as shown in Figure 3, i.e. the horizontal section schematic diagram of optical fiber, its longitudinal sectional drawing as shown in Figure 4, is hollow-core construction in the middle of this optical fiber, it is shaped as tubulose.Optical fiber is made up of two media, and its outside is clad, is mainly fluorine material or fluorinated polymer, inner side is transition bed, mainly formed with clad pairing by PMMA, PC (Poly-Carbonate, polycarbonate), PS (Poly-Styrene, polystyrene).As shown in Figure 3, one embodiment of the present of invention are, a kind of hollow plastic fiber, and it arranges clad 203, transition bed 202 and hollow layer 201; Described hollow layer is vacant; Be that described hollow plastic fiber centre is empty, like this, effectively change existing phase step type plastic optical fiber structure, change solid construction is hollow-core construction, the design of such hollow-core construction, greatly reduce the transmission attenuation of light signal, broken through plastic optical fiber and can only transmit the restriction of visible ray, can realize full spectral light transmission, and complete compatible existing fiber system is used; And it adopts two dielectric mirror structures of transition bed and clad; Be the core material of 93% left and right with respect to transmittance, eliminated the impact of attenuation coefficient, avoided to greatest extent the obvious loss of core material to light; Preferably, described hollow layer is blanket of nitrogen or helium layer; And for example, described hollow layer is air layer, and without extra process, cost is minimum like this; Preferably, in use, described hollow layer vacuum arranges; This is the optimal effectiveness that may exist in theory, but cost is higher.
Preferably, the thickness of the thickness of described hollow layer, described transition bed and the thickness of described clad are by preset ratio setting.For example, by preset ratio, the thickness of described transition bed and the thickness of described clad are set; For example, the thickness of described transition bed and the thickness of described clad are 1 to 2.5:1 to arrange by preset ratio.Preferably, the thickness of described transition bed and the thickness of described clad are 1.8 to 2.5:1 to arrange by preset ratio.For example, the thickness proportion of described hollow layer, described transition bed and described clad is (2.0 to 9.0): (1.8 to 2.5): 1.Preferably, the thickness of the thickness of described hollow layer, the thickness of described transition bed and described clad, three's ratio is 2 to 8:1 to 2.5:1; Preferably, described clad is fluorine material layer.For example, the thickness proportion of described hollow layer, described transition bed and described clad is (3.6 to 68): (1.8 to 2.5): 1.For example, the thickness proportion of described hollow layer, described transition bed and described clad is 4:2:1.And for example, the thickness proportion of described hollow layer, described transition bed and described clad is 5.6:2.2:1.For example, described hollow layer has round section, and its thickness is this circular diameter.And for example, described transition bed, described clad are annular, the overall diameter that its thickness is respective annular and the difference of interior diameter.
And as shown in Figure 3, described tubulose hollow plastic fiber is hollow tubular structures, it has round section main body; Described round section main body comprises three concentric circless; Normal non-being subject in outside application of force situation, or in the situation that being only subject to natural gravity, described tubulose hollow plastic fiber has round section main body; Described round section main body comprises three concentric circless; And a minimum concentric circles is hollow.Wherein, a minimum concentric circles is hollow layer 201, and a middle concentric circles is transition bed 202, and a maximum concentric circles is clad 203.
Preferably, a hollow layer is only set.Preferably, described hollow layer is cylindrical shape; Or described hollow layer is Elliptic Cylinder shape, it has elliptic cross-section, and described transition bed has round section, and it surrounds described elliptic cross-section, i.e. the non-homogeneous design of the thickness of described transition bed, like this, for refraction and reflected light path; Preferably, two reinforcements are set in described transition bed, it is arranged at the position between the oval minor axis of round section and elliptic cross-section; Preferably, the radius of described reinforcement be described round diameter and oval minor axis difference 1/5 to 1/4.Or described transition bed inside arranges some sandwich of layers, described in each, sandwich of layers is vacant; Be that described sandwich of layers inside is empty; Or inner separation of described transition bed arranges some sandwich of layers, the i.e. non-connection setting of each sandwich of layers.Preferably, each sandwich of layers of non-connection setting has arc section, and the center of circle of the round section of its center of circle and described hollow layer coincides.Preferably, the thickness of described sandwich of layers is 20 to 50 microns.Or preferred, described sandwich of layers inside arranges the material that refractive index is less than described transition bed other materials, described other materials i.e. material except sandwich of layers internal material.Preferably, described transition bed has smooth layer with the one side that described hollow layer contacts.
The principle of work of optical fiber of the present invention as shown in Figure 5, the light 204 that light source sends through the end face of optical fiber with injection way injection fibre in, through optical fiber hollow part, i.e. hollow layer 201, and enter transition bed 202, meet place of boundary at transition bed 202 and clad 203 total reflection occurs.When light is injected medium 2 generation refraction from medium 1, incidence angle θ
1with refraction angle θ
2the ratio n of sine
2/ n
1be called the refractive index of medium 2 relative mediums 1, i.e. " relative index of refraction ".Therefore, " absolute index of refraction " can regard the refractive index of medium relative vacuum as.It is the physical quantity that is illustrated in light velocity ratio in two media.For example, according to refraction law, n1sin θ
1=n
2sin θ
2, wherein, θ
1with θ
2be respectively incident angle and the refraction angle of light on medium interface, the refractive index of two media is respectively n
1with n
2.At this moment the light of most of pattern, owing to meeting according to transition bed and coating layer material refractive index value and definite numerical aperture NA condition, thereby with clad interface on produce total reflection.As long as adjust the refractive index of transition bed, allow the light of these total reflections reenter the hollow position of optical fiber.Constantly repeat with this form, form the process that light transmits in optical fiber.
Hollow plastic fiber described in employing various embodiments of the present invention, uses simply, with low cost, without connector, arbitrarily cuts off use, inserts; Like this, contribute to very much to break the trade monopoly of Japanese firm, set up the technical advantage of Chinese Enterprise.Conception of the present invention is farsighted, and the industry that solved is badly in need of the attenuation problem solving, and has also solved production cost and application problem, achieves many things at one stroke.
And in various embodiments of the present invention, the refractive index of described transition bed is greater than the refractive index of described clad.The speed maximum of propagating in a vacuum due to light, therefore the refractive index of other mediums is all greater than 1.Common, the light of same medium to different wave length, has different refractive indexes; Being in transparent medium to visible ray, refractive index is reducing and increase the i.e. refractive index minimum of ruddiness, the refractive index maximum of purple light with wavelength often.For example, for the multi-mode light that makes to enter in optical fiber all reflects, require the refractive index of buffer layer material to be greater than the refractive index of coating layer material.In the time that light enters the little medium of refractive index from the large medium of refractive index, theoretical according to refraction, refraction angle will be greater than incident angle, work as incidence angle θ
1when increase, refraction angle also increases thereupon.When incident angle increases to a certain angle θ
ctime, refraction angle Φ
2=90o, when refraction angle is 90o, corresponding incidence angle θ
1be called critical angle θ
c.At this moment refraction law becomes: sin θ
c/ sin90o=n
1/ n
2, derive thus sin θ
c=n
2/ n
1, work as incidence angle θ
1be greater than critical angle θ
ctime, i.e. θ
1> θ
ctime, light is pressed θ by the interface of two media
2=θ
1angle be all reflected back in the first medium, this phenomenon is called the total reflection of light.That is to say, work as incidence angle θ
1convergence critical angle θ
ctime, refraction light intensity weakens gradually, and catoptrical intensity increases gradually; Work as incidence angle θ
1to be in close proximity to critical angle θ
ctime, refraction light intensity very a little less than, catoptrical intensity is close to incident light intensity; Work as incidence angle θ
1be greater than critical angle θ
ctime, refract light disappears, and total reflection occurs, and luminous energy is all reflected back toward in the first medium.And, only have in the time that light incides the little medium of refractive index from the large medium of refractive index, could produce total reflection.For example, in the time that light incides air from glass, can produce total reflection, and in the time that light incides the large glass of refractive index from the little air of refractive index, just can not produce total reflection phenomenon.Preferably, by adjusting the pairing refractive index value of different two media, can strengthen total reflection effect.
Preferably, according to the matching between different materials, with compatible, i.e. both refractive indexes and physico-chemical property, arranges described transition bed and described clad.Different two combination of media, need to mate and adjust, not only make both optical characteristics can reach the coupling requirement of total reflection, meet the condition of two medium total reflections, and be associated with light and enter the parameter request of hollow part by transition bed, also to consider the cost requirement of rig-site utilization simultaneously, find out optimum matching assembled scheme with this.And in order to reach the effect of total reflection condition, its production technology must ensure precision and the smooth finish on the inner surface of transition bed, reduce the factor such as influence each other of the interface material of two media simultaneously.
For example, adopt PMMA as buffer layer material, its refractive index is 1.49, and the refractive index of coating layer material must meet and is less than this value, and for example the refractive index of common glass is greater than 1.5, and coating layer material can not be selected glass; Or, and for example, adopt PC as buffer layer material, polycarbonate is functional in the wide temperature range of-137～120 DEG C, is suitable for outdoor use, and refractive index is 1.586; The refractive index of coating layer material is less than 1.586, preferred, the refractive index large 0.04 of the refractive index ratio coating layer material of buffer layer material; Preferably, the refractive index large 0.1 of the refractive index ratio coating layer material of buffer layer material; For example, adopt refractive index lower than 1.43 silicone resin; And for example, select common material as coating layer material, the one side contacting with buffer layer material at it arranges a refractor, and for example, the one side contacting with buffer layer material at coating layer material arranges a refraction film or reflectance coating; And for example, the one side contacting with buffer layer material at coating layer material arranges the coating material solidified layer of UV, because the coating material solidified common refractive index of UV is less than 1.4, so just can guarantee that the refractive index of buffer layer material is greater than the refractive index of coating layer material.Preferably, in described hollow plastic fiber, described transition bed comprises one or more in polymethyl acrylate, polycarbonate, polystyrene.For example, described transition bed comprises polymethyl acrylate, and and for example, described transition bed comprises polycarbonate, and and for example, described transition bed comprises polystyrene; For example, polystyrene refractive index is that 1.55 to 1.60, PMMA refractive indexes are 1.49, and described transition bed comprises polystyrene, and described clad comprises polymethyl acrylate; And for example, described transition bed comprises polystyrene and polycarbonate, and described clad comprises polymethyl acrylate and/or silicone resin etc.Preferably, described transition bed is composite bed; For example, described transition bed comprises polymethyl acrylate, polycarbonate and polystyrene.Preferably, the refractive index of the inner layer material of described composite bed is more than or equal to the refractive index of cladding material.And for example, described transition bed sequentially arranges polymethyl acrylate, polycarbonate and polystyrene from inside to outside.Preferably, described transition bed has circular ring section, or, described transition bed have on circular ring section body and described circular ring section body, protrude some continuously arranged arc or semicircle, this structure contributes to strengthen the structural stability of described hollow plastic fiber, and does not affect the total reflection effect between described transition bed and described clad.Preferably, the outer shroud radius 2% to 3% that described semicircular radius is described circular ring section body, and each described semicircle continuous arrangement, be linked in sequence, and is distributed in the outer shroud outside of described circular ring section body.Preferably, as shown in Figure 3, described hollow layer is cylindrical, and described transition bed and described clad are annular.Preferably, described transition bed has three layers of circular ring structure, and in it, ring is polycarbonate, and middle ring is that refractive index is the polystyrene below 1.58, and outer shroud is polymethyl acrylate.For example, the thickness proportion of the polymethyl acrylate of the polystyrene of the polycarbonate of described interior ring, middle ring, outer shroud is (1.0 to 1.3): (1.0 to 1.2): 1; Preferably, the thickness proportion of the polymethyl acrylate of the polycarbonate of described interior ring, the polystyrene of middle ring, outer shroud is 1.2:1.1:1, and the thickness proportion of polycarbonate, polystyrene, polymethyl acrylate is 1.2:1.1:1; Like this, can obtain extraordinary total reflection effect, be particularly suitable for industry application.And for example, the thickness proportion of polycarbonate, polystyrene, polymethyl acrylate is 1:1:1.
Preferably, described hollow plastic fiber diameter is 0.3 to 1.0 millimeter, and for example, described hollow plastic fiber diameter is 0.5,0.6 or 0.8 millimeter etc.; Or the specification of optical fiber according to demand, arranges described hollow plastic fiber diameter; Like this, hollow plastic fiber provided by the present invention can substitute existing various associated fiber product completely.Here said diameter refers to the external diameter of described hollow plastic fiber.Preferably, in described hollow plastic fiber, the thickness of described clad is 10 to 200 microns, and for example, the thickness of described clad is 16,25,36,55,68,79,99,126,167,184 or 198 microns etc.And for example, the thickness of described transition bed is 10 to 200 microns; For example, the thickness of described transition bed is 15,28,34,49,64,75,89,96,111,138,146,168,179 or 199 microns etc.Preferably, in described hollow plastic fiber, the thickness of described transition bed and the thickness of described clad are by preset ratio setting.For example, 2 to 6 times of the thickness that the thickness of described clad is described transition bed.Preferably, 3.2 to 4.5 times of the thickness that the thickness of described clad is described transition bed.For example, 3.6 times of the thickness that the thickness of described clad is described transition bed.Preferably, the netted protective seam of described clad outer setting, its thickness is 10 to 15 microns, adopts wear-resistant plastic preparation.Preferably, described netted protective seam is moulding layer, in stressed rear maintenance definite shape, so that install and wiring.For example, the netting twine of described netted protective seam is tinsel.For example, described body diameter is 1.0 millimeters, and the thickness of described transition bed is 100 microns, and the thickness of described clad is 100 microns, and described hollow layer thickness is 800 microns.
Preferably, the external diameter of optical fiber is according to use scenes difference, and its diameter d value is 0.3～1.0mm, and wherein coating thickness is 10～100 μ m, and the thickness of transition bed is 10～100 μ m, and according to use scenes requirement, the thickness of two layer medium is mutually adjusted pairing and determined.For example, the diameter of optical fiber is 0.6mm, and wherein coating thickness is 0.36mm, and the thickness of transition bed is 0.12mm, and both ratios are 3:1.As, the diameter of optical fiber is 0.8mm, and wherein coating thickness is 0.4mm, and the thickness of transition bed is 0.2mm, and both ratios are 2:1.
Preferably, in described hollow plastic fiber, described clad is fluorine material layer.Preferably, described clad inside arranges a sandwich of layers, it is set to ring stiffener layer, and preferred, it adopts polycarbonate (PC), acrylonitrile-butadiene-phenylethylene co-polymer (ABS), polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) material; Preferably, described sandwich of layers also arranges linear reinforcement layer.Preferably, described sandwich of layers and described transition bed noncontact arrange.Preferably, described linear reinforcement layer inside arranges some tinsels.Preferably, the fluorine content of described clad is 1% to 2%, and described content is mass percent.For example, described clad arranges CF at least partly
4.And for example, described clad is set to the potpourri of two kinds or more of fluoropolymers.Preferably, in described clad, CF
4molar content be 1% to 4%.
Be combined application with the various embodiments described above, as shown in Figure 6, another embodiment of the present invention is, a kind of optical cable, and it comprises hollow plastic fiber described in above-mentioned arbitrary embodiment.Preferably, described optical cable also comprises at least one protective seam, and as shown in Figure 6, described optical cable comprises optical fiber and a protective seam, is sequentially hollow layer 201, transition bed 202, clad 203 and protective seam 205 from inside to outside; For example, described round section main body comprises four concentric circless; And a minimum concentric circles is hollow.Wherein, a minimum concentric circles is hollow layer, and a middle concentric circles is transition bed, and a concentric circles of its outer ring is clad, and a maximum concentric circles is protective seam.Preferably, 2 to 6 times of the thickness that the thickness of described protective seam is described clad; For example, 2.5 times of the thickness that the thickness of described protective seam is described clad.For example, protective seam is PE protective seam, PVC protective seam, aluminium/tygon integrated protection layer (LAP), the vertical bag of wrinkle steel band protective seam, the wrapped protective seam of LAP+ steel band, LAP+ steel-tape armouring protective seam or LAP+ wire armoring protective seam etc.Preferably, in described optical cable, the thickness of described protective seam is 0.3 to 2.3 millimeter.And for example, inner accommodating, two or many described hollow plastic fibers of described optical cable.
The effect of protective seam is protection cable core, i.e. above-mentioned hollow plastic fiber, prevents the erosion of mechanical damage and objectionable impurities, and lateral pressure resistant ability, moisture seal, the performance such as corrosion-resistant are had to strict demand.Protective seam is for having vital role the serviceable life of optical cable, and for example, protective layer structure comprises: inner sheath, armor and outer jacket.Wherein, described inner sheath is the concentric layer between armor and cable core, plays device protection and the effect of armouring liner.Preferably, inner sheath is set to PE, PVC sheath; Armor is arranged on the concentric layer between inner sheath and outer jacket, mainly plays the device protection effect of resistance to compression or anti-tensile.Preferably, armor is made up of steel wire or steel band.The Main Function of steel-tape armouring layer is resistance to compression, is applicable to the occasion of embedded underground.The Main Function of wire armoring layer is tension, is mainly used under water or the occasion of vertical run.In submarine optical fiber cable, for preventing the damage to optical cable of fishing gear and fish, also there are the steel band of employing and steel wire to combine the situation that forms armor.Preferably, described armor arranges bilayer, and every one deck comprises steel wire floor and the plastic layer covering thereof outward; The material of conventional steel band and steel wire is all to make by mild carbon steel is cold rolling.For preventing corrosion, require armouring tape must have corrosion protection measure, as precoating anticorrosive paint or zinc-plated or plating phosphorus etc., armouring wire uses zinc-plated or plating phosphoretic steel silk, plastic coating steel wire, extrusion molding steel wire etc.Outer jacket is arranged on the concentric layer of armor outside, mainly armor is played to corrosion protection effect.Preferably, described outer jacket comprises PE, PVC and silicone rubber jacket etc.
As shown in Figure 6, its longitudinal sectional drawing as shown in Figure 7 for the hollow plastic optical cable transverse cross-sectional view of tubulose.It is to increase protective seam by plastic optical fiber to form.The material of protective seam can be the materials such as PE, PVC, nylon according to requirements, and its thickness is 0.3～2.3mm.For example, protective seam is nylon; For example, protective seam comprises that thickness is the nylon of 0.8mm.Preferably, described protective seam has five layers of circular ring structure, and in it, ring is PE, and the second ring is steel wire, and middle ring is PVC, and Fourth Ring is steel band, and outer shroud is nylon, and for example, wherein PE, steel wire, PVC, steel band, nylon thickness proportion are 1:1.2:1:1.2:1.05.Like this, be particularly suitable for applying in rugged surroundings.
Further, embodiments of the invention also comprise, each technical characterictic of the various embodiments described above, the hollow plastic fiber being mutually combined to form and optical cable, by phase step type plastic optical fiber inner structure is innovated to change, make its optic fibre characteristic that essential variation occur, retain advantage and the characteristic of former plastic optical fiber, again its optical fiber transmission property qualitative change is improved, can with silica fibre system compatible.The essence that this innovation changes is that to become solid construction be hollow-core construction, and optical fiber profile still remains unchanged so that this novel optical fiber still can use in phase step type plastic optical fiber system, but different be that the distance of transmission is farther, the speed of transmission is higher.Industry size and the market capacity of plastic optical fiber are huge, and the multiple industry requirement on country and the impact of environment are very important.The price of hollow plastic fiber is completely lower than high-quality 100,000,000 Category-5 twisted pair prices, therefore, the development of tubulose hollow plastic fiber of the present invention has solved the deficiency of existing plastic optical fiber, be light transmitting fiber new product in data transmission and data communication applications, have huge market outlook and the space of development.
Phase step type plastic optical fiber because communication distance only in 100 meters, this has just limited plastic optical fiber and has expanded application in a lot of fields.As should be brought into play due effect in triple play technology, especially in the problem that solves last 1 kilometer, its characteristic and advantages, but its 100 meters of distance limit its effect, could not in integration of three networks application, embody, in control, electric power, traffic, medical treatment and national defense industry, all have this problem; The present invention has overcome the deficiency of existing phase step type plastic optical fiber, not only can substitute existing communication rank phase step type plastic optical fiber completely, and can also instead of copper grid line, reaches effect and the object of saving copper resource, energy-conserving and environment-protective.
The most important innovative point of the present invention is the design of the hollow plastic fiber structure of tubulose, according to the total reflection principle of optics, reflection law and refraction principle, by plastic optical fiber by solid hollow utilization refraction and the total reflection principle of changing into, light is during from optically denser medium directive optically thinner medium, in the time that incident angle exceedes a certain critical angle, refract light disappears completely, only remaining reflected light, like this, can allow light conduct by originally conducting to transfer in air in solid core material, not only make production cost significantly decline, and the attenuation characteristic of light in conductive process and the frequency response characteristic of signal are improved.This change makes Transmission Properties of Polymer Optical Fiber generation essential change, thereby has improved transfer rate and transmission range.
It should be noted that, above-mentioned each technical characterictic continues combination mutually, forms the various embodiment that do not enumerate in the above, is all considered as the scope that instructions of the present invention is recorded; And, for those of ordinary skills, can be improved according to the above description or convert, and all these improvement and conversion all should belong to the protection domain of claims of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a hollow plastic fiber, is characterized in that, clad, transition bed and hollow layer are set; Described hollow layer is vacant; The refractive index of described transition bed is greater than the refractive index of described clad.
2. hollow plastic fiber according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described clad is fluorine material layer.
3. hollow plastic fiber according to claim 2, is characterized in that, described transition bed at least comprise polymethyl acrylate, polycarbonate, polystyrene one of them.
4. hollow plastic fiber according to claim 3, is characterized in that, the thickness of the thickness of described hollow layer, the thickness of described transition bed and described clad is by preset ratio setting.
5. hollow plastic fiber according to claim 4, is characterized in that, described transition bed is composite bed.
6. hollow plastic fiber according to claim 5, is characterized in that, the refractive index of the inner layer material of described composite bed is more than or equal to the refractive index of cladding material.
7. hollow plastic fiber according to claim 6, is characterized in that, described hollow layer is cylindrical, and described transition bed and described clad are annular.
8. an optical cable, is characterized in that, comprise as arbitrary in claim 1 to 7 as described in hollow plastic fiber.
9. optical cable according to claim 8, is characterized in that, also comprises at least one protective seam.
10. optical cable according to claim 9, is characterized in that, the thickness of described protective seam is 0.3 to 2.3 millimeter.
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