CN103940907B - Coal petrography identifies equipment and its recognition methods - Google Patents
Coal petrography identifies equipment and its recognition methods Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Present invention discloses a kind of coal petrography identification equipment and its recognition methods, the coal petrography identification equipment includes acoustic emission apparatus, acoustic receiver device, level inclination detector, water route guide device, signal processing and computing device, cable, explosion-resistant enclosure；Acoustic emission apparatus includes signal generator, power amplifier, hydrophone, and hydrophone is finally externally emitted the acoustic signals of certain frequency；Acoustic receiver device includes hydrophone, measuring amplifier.The present invention solve the problems, such as existing Coal-rock identification method recognition effect it is bad, there are intrinsic and biggish error, it is impracticable, cannot be used for complicated geological working face geology environment.The present invention can be suitable for the situation more demanding to coal petrography recognition effect and be solved to calculation method with acoustic sounding for main identification technology with Nonlinear System of Equations numerical solution, have stable solving precision.The present invention identifies that device structure is compact, and recognition methods is safe and reliable, installs and easy to operate.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to coal petrography identification technology fields, are related to a kind of coal petrography identification equipment more particularly to a kind of coal mine fully-mechanized mining
Working face coal petrography identifies equipment；Meanwhile the invention further relates to a kind of coal mine fully-mechanized mining working Coal-rock identification methods.
Background technique
Coal petrography identification is high-tech generally acknowledged both at home and abroad, highly difficult project, and realizes automatic adjustment height and fully-mechanized mining working
The key and premise of automation.The technology can effectively prevent coal mining machine roller to cut to the breakage of pick position caused by rock stratum.
It can not accurately judge coal thickness, certainly will occur that roller part cuts to rock stratum in the coalcutter course of work, for highly gassy mine
Easily cause gas explosion, the Rock dilution coal seam of cutting causes Coal Quality Decline or roof and floor to stay coal excessively and reduce coal mine to open
Adopt rate.It may be said that coal petrography identification is the bottleneck problem in fully mechanized mining automatically working face.
Mainly there is passive r ray to visit currently, underground coal mine working face solves the method that coal petrography identification is try to and studies
Survey method, radar detection system, dynamometry pick method.
The passive r X-ray detection X method is to be based on that a certain amount of r ray can be radiated in rock, and almost do not have in coal seam
There is exit dose, and coal seam has the principle of attenuation to the r ray radiated in rock.It is once used for actual production external,
The sensor head of detection sensor receives r ray, and signal is further amplified via photomultiplier tube, then converts through counting-coal thickness
Amount of radiation is converted to coal thickness amount by exponential relationship by device.However, this method can only be useful in China 20% with radioactivity top
On the coal mine of plate.
The radar detection system is formed by the integrated reflection coefficient of measurement coal and shale interface using by antenna movement
Spatial modulation identification transmission function, utilize collision matrix calculate calculate dielectric constant and each layer coal and shale thickness.However
The difficulty for the problem of antenna scattering and target scattering increase time-domain.There are still antenna loops in transceiving electromagnetic wave for antenna assembly
When response, antenna amplifier antennafire the technical problems such as overflow, and electromagnetic wave is serious in coal seam, rock stratum decaying, is unfavorable for detecting.
Vibration frequency when the dynamometry pick method cuts coal, rock based on coalcutter has differences, by receiving and distinguishing
Acoustic vibration signal realizes coal petrography identification under not different cutting states.This Method And Principle is simple, practical application is very complicated, because
Received acoustic vibration signal is also related with coalcutter type, production practice, the state of strength of pick, working face geology structure, mesh
It is preceding not yet to develop practical vibrating sensor.
In conclusion existing Coal-rock identification method recognition effect is bad, there are intrinsic and biggish errors, without any one
Kind mode can be practical, not can solve the coal petrography identification problem under complicated coal mine work area geological environment.
Summary of the invention
The technical problems to be solved by the present invention are: providing a kind of coal petrography identification equipment, existing coal petrography identification side can be solved
Method recognition effect is bad, there are intrinsic and biggish error, cannot it is practical, cannot be used for complicated geological working face geology environment
The problem of.
In addition, the present invention also provides Coal-rock identification method, it is bad to solve existing Coal-rock identification method recognition effect, exists
Intrinsic and biggish error, cannot it is practical, cannot be used for the problem of complicated geological working face geology environment.
In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
A kind of coal petrography identification equipment, the coal petrography identification equipment includes: acoustic emission apparatus, acoustic receiver device, level
Inclination angle detector, water route guide device, signal processing and computing device, cable, explosion-resistant enclosure；
The acoustic emission apparatus includes signal generator, power amplifier, hydrophone, and hydrophone is finally by certain frequency
Acoustic signals externally emitted；
The acoustic receiver device includes hydrophone, measuring amplifier；
The signal processing and computing device include identification DSP microprocessing unit, display screen；
The signal generator issues sinusoidal sound wave signal, amplifies by power amplifier, is passed to and is used as PZT (piezoelectric transducer)
Transmitting hydrophone, by the transmitting hydrophone in the medium of the drawn coalcutter cooling water of water route guide device vertical water coal
Launch sound wave in interface；Sound wave transmits in cooling water until coal seam；
Above-mentioned sound wave generates reflection, refraction at water coal interface, and a part of sound wave, which enters coal seam, to be continued to propagate, and reaches coal petrography circle
Face generates reflection, refraction at the interface again, and the sound wave for being refracted to coal seam generates reflection, refraction in coal water termination；
Acoustic receiver device receives the acoustic signals for returning to receiving end, the return acoustic signals and acoustic emission apparatus institute
Sounding wave signal is sent into the signal processing and computing device for being located at coalcutter fuselage position through too long cable transmission；
Signal generator issue signal frequency be it is certain, be made of the signal of a variety of specific frequencies；Sound wave water,
It is propagated in the physical model that coal, rock are constituted；Characteristic impedance, the density, acoustic wave propagation velocity for having each medium are searched, and right
Water, coal wave absorption coefficient demarcated after, it is established that using water layer thickness, coal seam thickness as unknown number, with water coal interface and
Coal-rock interface acoustic pressure is continuous, particle velocity is continuously constraint, by the transmitting-receiving sound wave of detection system output through signal processing apparatus meter
The modulus ratio of obtained amplitude and each medium inherent characteristic parametric configuration at sonic transmissions acoustic model, finally obtain
The Nonlinear System of Equations of coal petrography identification, solves Nonlinear System of Equations numerical analysis, obtains unknown parameter water layer thickness, coal seam thickness
Degree；
The path for the sound wave that guide device sprayed cooling water in water route issues acoustic emission apparatus covers, level inclination detection
Instrument, sound wave R-T unit and its external explosion-resistant enclosure are fixed on the nearly roller area of rocker arm；Signal calculates and processing unit passes through electricity
Cable is connected with above-mentioned component, and is placed in coal mining machine electric control box；
Water, coal, in rock sonic transmissions spatial model, the wave equation of sound wave in the medium are as follows:
The acoustic pressure expression formula of incidence wave are as follows:Former incidence wave
Pi, amplitude Pia, x is the direction coordinate system x coordinate；The sound wave issued by hydrophone generates reflection, refraction, a part at water coal interface
Sound wave, which enters coal seam, to be continued to propagate, and by the absorption in coal seam, scatter attenuation, reaches coal-rock interface, in the interface secondary reflection, folding again
It penetrates, refracted wave, which again passes by coal seam and is transmitted to coal water termination and generates, to be reflected, reflects；The sound wave transmitted in coal seam are as follows:Back to the sound wave of water layer are as follows:Wherein, k1、k2、k3Respectively
The wave number of water, coal, rock；
The primary reflection at water coal interface and sound wave is constituted through coal water termination refracted wave by coal-rock interface bounce back coal seam
Reception device received signal；It is subsequent it is a series of reflection, refracted wave due to signal it is weaker, be omitted；
Sound wave is transmitted in coal generates reflection, refraction, the sound wave being reflected into coal seam through coal-rock interface are as follows:The sound wave being refracted in rock stratum are as follows: xCoalFor coal seam thickness；Respectively
Particle velocity in medium are as follows:
Sound wave is when non-ideal medium is propagated, it may appear that the physical phenomenon gradually to decay with distance；Sound wave in medium
Decaying be divided into scatter attenuation, attenuation by absorption；Scatter attenuation is caused by media particle or hole, generally Rayleigh scattering；Separately
One kind is sound absorption caused by interior friction, attenuation coefficient α, when sound wave is propagated in solids, the first power of the coefficient and frequency at
Direct ratio: α=α0* f, α0For proportionality coefficient；
When sound wave is propagated in a liquid, the acoustical absorptivity of heat transfer and the quadratic power of frequency are directly proportional；Sonic wave amplitude exists
Absorption loss on medium propagation path are as follows:Or
It is continuous according to water coal interface and coal-rock interface acoustic pressure, it obtains:
It is continuous according to water coal interface and coal-rock interface normal direction particle velocity, it obtains:
αWaterFor the acoustical absorptivity of water, PiaFor interface
On sound pressure level；
The equation group for solving above-mentioned four formula obtains the ratio between transmitting and received magnitudes of acoustic waves, and to this plural modulus A, obtains:xWaterIt is hydrophone apart from water coal interface distance；
R1、R2、R3The respectively characteristic impedance of water, coal, rock；αCoalFor the absorption coefficient of coal, xCoalRepresent coal thickness；
Signal generator issue signal frequency be it is certain, be made of the signal of a variety of specific frequencies；Multi-frequency sound
Under wave detection event, the above modulus expression formula constitutes Nonlinear System of Equations under different signal frequencies；Has each medium
Characteristic impedance, density, known to acoustic wave propagation velocity；
After the wave absorption coefficient to water, coal is demarcated, above-mentioned Nonlinear System of Equations is sonic transmissions acoustic mode
Type；The model is using water layer thickness, coal seam thickness as unknown number, and with water coal interface and coal-rock interface acoustic pressure, continuous, particle velocity connects
The amplitude modulus ratio and each medium for continuing the transmitting-receiving acoustic pressure exported for constraint by sound wave receive-transmit system and signal processing apparatus are consolidated
There are characterisitic parameter jointly constructs to form；Equation group numerical analysis is solved, it can be deduced that coal petrography identification as a result, i.e. unknown number
Water layer thickness, coal seam thickness；
The hydrophone of acoustic receiver device receives the signal of echo, amplifies through measuring amplifier, with acoustic emission apparatus
Institute's sounding wave signal is common to be sent into the signal processing and computing device for being located at coalcutter fuselage position through too long cable transmission；
The sound wave path that guide device sprayed cooling water in water route issues acoustic emission apparatus covers, i.e. sound wave is from hydrophone
After sending, transmitted in water until coal seam always；The effect of level inclination detector is to work as to detect that acoustic emission apparatus is located at
When horizontal, acoustic emission apparatus is enabled, carries out a coal petrography identification detection；The inclination angle detector and sound wave R-T unit and its
External explosion-resistant enclosure is fixed on the nearly roller area of rocker arm；Signal calculates and processing unit is connect by cable with above-mentioned component, and
It is placed in coal mining machine electric control box body；
The coal seam thickness numerical value exported under coal mining machine roller current location with processing unit is calculated by signal；
The initialization of DSP in signal processing, first progress signal processing and computing device, to cable after initialization
Passed data are sampled, and sampled data includes that acoustic emission apparatus institute sounding wave signal harmony wave receiving device receives sound wave letter
Number calculates the amplitude modulus ratio of receiving and transmitting signal, calculates software by acoustic model Solutions of The System of Nonlinear Equations and measures coal thickness data
And it saves the display unit being sent into electric cabinet and shows；The FFT transform for realizing acoustic signals by FFT transform module simultaneously, send
Enter display unit and shows signal time domain and frequency curve；The purpose of showing curve is the environmental noise facilitated around observation detector,
Convenient for debugging and selecting sound wave to emit frequency range point.
A kind of coal petrography identification equipment, the coal petrography identification equipment includes: acoustic emission apparatus, acoustic receiver device, level
Inclination angle detector, water route guide device, signal processing and computing device；
The acoustic emission apparatus includes signal generator, power amplifier, hydrophone, and hydrophone is finally by certain frequency
Acoustic signals externally emitted；
The acoustic receiver device includes hydrophone, measuring amplifier；
The sound wave path that the sprayed cooling water of the water route guide device issues acoustic emission apparatus covers, i.e. sound wave is from water
After listening device to issue, transmitted in water until coal seam always；Level inclination detector is to detect that acoustic emission apparatus is located at
When horizontal, acoustic emission apparatus is enabled, carries out a coal petrography identification detection；Signal calculates and processing unit is filled with sound wave transmitting
It sets, the connection of acoustic receiver device, level inclination detector, water route guide device；
The signal processing and computing device sample incoming data, and sampled data includes acoustic emission apparatus institute
Sounding wave signal harmony wave receiving device receives acoustic data signal, calculates the amplitude modulus ratio of receiving and transmitting signal, passes through acoustic mode
The calculation of type Solutions of The System of Nonlinear Equations measures coal thickness data and exports.
As a preferred solution of the present invention, the signal generator issues sinusoidal sound wave signal, by power amplification
Device amplification, is passed to hydrophone as PZT (piezoelectric transducer), by hydrophone the drawn coalcutter cooling water of water route guide device Jie
Sound wave is launched at vertical water coal interface in matter；Sound wave transmits in cooling water until coal seam；
Above-mentioned sound wave generates reflection, refraction at water coal interface, and a part of sound wave, which enters coal seam, to be continued to propagate, and reaches coal petrography circle
Face generates reflection, refraction at the interface again, and the sound wave for being refracted to coal seam generates reflection, refraction in coal water termination；
Acoustic receiver device receives the acoustic signals for returning to receiving end, the return acoustic signals and acoustic emission apparatus institute
Sounding wave signal is sent into the signal processing and computing device for being located at coalcutter fuselage position through too long cable transmission；
Signal generator issue signal frequency be it is certain, be made of the signal of a variety of specific frequencies；Sound wave water,
It is propagated in the physical model that coal, rock are constituted；Characteristic impedance, the density, acoustic wave propagation velocity for having each medium are searched, and right
Water, coal wave absorption coefficient demarcated after, it is established that using water layer thickness, coal seam thickness as unknown number, with water coal interface and
Coal-rock interface acoustic pressure is continuous, particle velocity is continuously constraint, by the transmitting-receiving sound wave of detection system output through signal processing apparatus meter
The modulus ratio of obtained amplitude and each medium inherent characteristic parametric configuration at sonic transmissions acoustic model, finally obtain
The Nonlinear System of Equations of coal petrography identification, solves Nonlinear System of Equations numerical analysis, obtains unknown parameter water layer thickness, coal seam thickness
Degree；
The path for the sound wave that guide device sprayed cooling water in water route issues acoustic emission apparatus covers, level inclination detection
Instrument, sound wave R-T unit and its external explosion-resistant enclosure are fixed on the nearly roller area of rocker arm；Signal calculates and processing unit passes through electricity
Cable is connected with above-mentioned component, and is placed in coal mining machine electric control box.
As a preferred solution of the present invention, water, coal, in rock sonic transmissions spatial model, the wave of sound wave in the medium
Dynamic equation are as follows:
The acoustic pressure expression formula of incidence wave are as follows:Former incidence wave
Pi, amplitude Pia, x is the direction coordinate system x coordinate；The sound wave issued by hydrophone generates reflection, refraction, a part at water coal interface
Sound wave, which enters coal seam, to be continued to propagate, and by the absorption in coal seam, scatter attenuation, reaches coal-rock interface, in the interface secondary reflection, folding again
It penetrates, refracted wave, which again passes by coal seam and is transmitted to coal water termination and generates, to be reflected, reflects；The sound wave transmitted in coal seam are as follows:Back to the sound wave of water layer are as follows:Wherein, k1、k2、k3Respectively
The wave number of water, coal, rock；
The primary reflection at water coal interface and sound wave is constituted through coal water termination refracted wave by coal-rock interface bounce back coal seam
Reception device received signal；It is subsequent it is a series of reflection, refracted wave due to signal it is weaker, be omitted；
Sound wave is transmitted in coal generates reflection, refraction, the sound wave being reflected into coal seam through coal-rock interface are as follows:The sound wave being refracted in rock stratum are as follows: xCoalFor coal seam thickness；
Particle velocity in each medium are as follows:
Sound wave is when non-ideal medium is propagated, it may appear that the physical phenomenon gradually to decay with distance；Sound wave in medium
Decaying be divided into scatter attenuation, attenuation by absorption；Scatter attenuation is caused by media particle or hole, generally Rayleigh scattering；Separately
One kind is sound absorption caused by interior friction, attenuation coefficient α, when sound wave is propagated in solids, the first power of the coefficient and frequency at
Direct ratio: α=α0* f, α0For proportionality coefficient；
When sound wave is propagated in a liquid, the acoustical absorptivity of heat transfer and the quadratic power of frequency are directly proportional；Sonic wave amplitude exists
Absorption loss on medium propagation path are as follows:Or
It is continuous according to water coal interface and coal-rock interface acoustic pressure, it obtains:
It is continuous according to water coal interface and coal-rock interface normal direction particle velocity, it obtains:
αWaterFor the acoustical absorptivity of water, PiaFor interface
On sound pressure level；
The equation group for solving above-mentioned four formula obtains the ratio between transmitting and received magnitudes of acoustic waves, and to this plural modulus A, obtains:xWaterIt is hydrophone apart from water coal interface distance；
R1、R2、R3The respectively characteristic impedance of water, coal, rock；αCoalFor the absorption coefficient of coal, xCoalRepresent coal thickness.
As a preferred solution of the present invention, the frequency of signal generator sending signal is certain, by a variety of specific
The signal of frequency forms；In the case of multi-frequency acoustic detection, the above modulus expression formula constitutes under different signal frequencies
Nonlinear System of Equations；Has the characteristic impedance of each medium, density, known to acoustic wave propagation velocity；
After the wave absorption coefficient to water, coal is demarcated, above-mentioned Nonlinear System of Equations is sonic transmissions acoustic mode
Type；The model is using water layer thickness, coal seam thickness as unknown number, and with water coal interface and coal-rock interface acoustic pressure, continuous, particle velocity connects
The amplitude modulus ratio and each medium for continuing the transmitting-receiving acoustic pressure exported for constraint by sound wave receive-transmit system and signal processing apparatus are consolidated
There are characterisitic parameter jointly constructs to form；Equation group numerical analysis is solved, it can be deduced that coal petrography identification as a result, i.e. unknown number
Water layer thickness, coal seam thickness；
The hydrophone of acoustic receiver device receives the signal of echo, amplifies through measuring amplifier, with acoustic emission apparatus
Institute's sounding wave signal is common to be sent into the signal processing and computing device for being located at coalcutter fuselage position through too long cable transmission；
The sound wave path that guide device sprayed cooling water in water route issues acoustic emission apparatus covers, i.e. sound wave is from hydrophone
After sending, transmitted in water until coal seam always；The effect of level inclination detector is to work as to detect that acoustic emission apparatus is located at
When horizontal, acoustic emission apparatus is enabled, carries out a coal petrography identification detection；The inclination angle detector and sound wave R-T unit and its
External explosion-resistant enclosure is fixed on the nearly roller area of rocker arm；Signal calculates and processing unit is connect by cable with above-mentioned component, and
It is placed in coal mining machine electric control box body；
The coal seam thickness numerical value exported under coal mining machine roller current location with processing unit is calculated by signal；Signal processing
The initialization of DSP in part, first progress signal processing and computing device, data passed to cable are adopted after initializing
Sample, sampled data include that acoustic emission apparatus institute sounding wave signal harmony wave receiving device receives acoustic data signal, calculate and receive
The amplitude modulus ratio of signalling, by acoustic model Solutions of The System of Nonlinear Equations calculate software measure coal thickness data and save be sent into it is automatically controlled
Display unit in case is shown；The FFT transform for realizing acoustic signals by FFT transform module simultaneously is sent into display unit and is shown
Signal time domain and frequency curve；The purpose of showing curve is the environmental noise facilitated around observation detector, convenient for debugging and selection
Sound wave emits frequency range point.
As a preferred solution of the present invention, the signal processing and computing device include identification DSP microprocessing unit,
Display screen；The coal petrography identification equipment further includes cable, explosion-resistant enclosure, and signal calculates and processing unit is sent out by cable and sound wave
Injection device, acoustic receiver device, level inclination detector, water route guide device are connected, and are placed in coal mining machine electric control box.
A kind of recognition methods of coal petrography identification equipment, the coal petrography identification equipment includes: acoustic emission apparatus, acoustic receiver
Device, level inclination detector, water route guide device, signal processing and computing device；
The acoustic emission apparatus includes signal generator, power amplifier, hydrophone, and hydrophone is finally by certain frequency
Acoustic signals externally emitted；The acoustic receiver device includes hydrophone, measuring amplifier；
The recognition methods includes the following steps:
The signal generator issues sinusoidal sound wave signal, amplifies by power amplifier, is passed to and is used as PZT (piezoelectric transducer)
Hydrophone, by hydrophone in the medium of the drawn coalcutter cooling water of water route guide device vertical water coal interface transmitting speak
Wave；Sound wave transmits in cooling water until coal seam；
Above-mentioned sound wave generates reflection, refraction at water coal interface, and a part of sound wave, which enters coal seam, to be continued to propagate, and reaches coal petrography circle
Face generates reflection, refraction at the interface again, and the sound wave for being refracted to coal seam generates reflection, refraction in coal water termination；
Acoustic receiver device receives the acoustic signals for returning to receiving end, the return acoustic signals and acoustic emission apparatus institute
Sounding wave signal is sent into the signal processing and computing device for being located at coalcutter fuselage position through too long cable transmission；
Signal generator issue signal frequency be it is certain, be made of the signal of a variety of specific frequencies；Sound wave water,
It is propagated in the physical model that coal, rock are constituted；Characteristic impedance, the density, acoustic wave propagation velocity for having each medium are searched, and right
Water, coal wave absorption coefficient demarcated after, it is established that using water layer thickness, coal seam thickness as unknown number, with water coal interface and
Coal-rock interface acoustic pressure is continuous, particle velocity is continuously constraint, by the transmitting-receiving sound wave of detection system output through signal processing apparatus meter
The modulus ratio of obtained amplitude and each medium inherent characteristic parametric configuration at sonic transmissions acoustic model, finally obtain
The Nonlinear System of Equations of coal petrography identification, solves Nonlinear System of Equations numerical analysis, obtains unknown parameter water layer thickness, coal seam thickness
Degree；
The path for the sound wave that guide device sprayed cooling water in water route issues acoustic emission apparatus covers, level inclination detection
Instrument, sound wave R-T unit and its external explosion-resistant enclosure are fixed on the nearly roller area of rocker arm；Signal calculates and processing unit passes through electricity
Cable is connected with above-mentioned component, and is placed in coal mining machine electric control box；
Water, coal, in rock sonic transmissions spatial model, the wave equation of sound wave in the medium are as follows:
The acoustic pressure expression formula of incidence wave are as follows:Former incidence wave
Pi, amplitude Pia, x is the direction coordinate system x coordinate；The sound wave issued by hydrophone generates reflection, refraction, a part at water coal interface
Sound wave, which enters coal seam, to be continued to propagate, and by the absorption in coal seam, scatter attenuation, reaches coal-rock interface, in the interface secondary reflection, folding again
It penetrates, refracted wave, which again passes by coal seam and is transmitted to coal water termination and generates, to be reflected, reflects；The sound wave transmitted in coal seam are as follows:Back to the sound wave of water layer are as follows:Wherein, k1、k2、k3Respectively
The wave number of water, coal, rock；
The primary reflection at water coal interface and sound wave is constituted through coal water termination refracted wave by coal-rock interface bounce back coal seam
Reception device received signal；It is subsequent it is a series of reflection, refracted wave due to signal it is weaker, be omitted；
Sound wave is transmitted in coal generates reflection, refraction, the sound wave being reflected into coal seam through coal-rock interface are as follows:The sound wave being refracted in rock stratum are as follows: xCoalFor coal seam thickness；
Particle velocity in each medium are as follows:
Sound wave is when non-ideal medium is propagated, it may appear that the physical phenomenon gradually to decay with distance；Sound wave in medium
Decaying be divided into scatter attenuation, attenuation by absorption；Scatter attenuation is caused by media particle or hole, generally Rayleigh scattering；Separately
One kind is sound absorption caused by interior friction, attenuation coefficient α, when sound wave is propagated in solids, the first power of the coefficient and frequency at
Direct ratio: α=α0* f, α0For proportionality coefficient；
When sound wave is propagated in a liquid, the acoustical absorptivity of heat transfer and the quadratic power of frequency are directly proportional；Sonic wave amplitude exists
Absorption loss on medium propagation path are as follows:Or
It is continuous according to water coal interface and coal-rock interface acoustic pressure, it obtains:
It is continuous according to water coal interface and coal-rock interface normal direction particle velocity, it obtains:
αWaterFor the acoustical absorptivity of water, PiaFor boundary
Sound pressure level on face；
The equation group for solving above-mentioned four formula obtains the ratio between transmitting and received magnitudes of acoustic waves, and to this plural modulus A, obtains:xWaterIt is hydrophone apart from water coal interface distance；
R1、R2、R3The respectively characteristic impedance of water, coal, rock；αCoalFor the absorption coefficient of coal, xCoalRepresent coal thickness；
Signal generator issue signal frequency be it is certain, be made of the signal of a variety of specific frequencies；Multi-frequency sound
Under wave detection event, the above modulus expression formula constitutes Nonlinear System of Equations under different signal frequencies；Has each medium
Characteristic impedance, density, known to acoustic wave propagation velocity；
After the wave absorption coefficient to water, coal is demarcated, above-mentioned Nonlinear System of Equations is sonic transmissions acoustic mode
Type；The model is using water layer thickness, coal seam thickness as unknown number, and with water coal interface and coal-rock interface acoustic pressure, continuous, particle velocity connects
The amplitude modulus ratio and each medium for continuing the transmitting-receiving acoustic pressure exported for constraint by sound wave receive-transmit system and signal processing apparatus are consolidated
There are characterisitic parameter jointly constructs to form；Equation group numerical analysis is solved, it can be deduced that coal petrography identification as a result, i.e. unknown number
Water layer thickness, coal seam thickness；
The hydrophone of acoustic receiver device receives the signal of echo, amplifies through measuring amplifier, with acoustic emission apparatus
Institute's sounding wave signal is common to be sent into the signal processing and computing device for being located at coalcutter fuselage position through too long cable transmission；
The sound wave path that guide device sprayed cooling water in water route issues acoustic emission apparatus covers, i.e. sound wave is from hydrophone
After sending, transmitted in water until coal seam always；The effect of level inclination detector is to work as to detect that acoustic emission apparatus is located at
When horizontal, acoustic emission apparatus is enabled, carries out a coal petrography identification detection；The inclination angle detector and sound wave R-T unit and its
External explosion-resistant enclosure is fixed on the nearly roller area of rocker arm；Signal calculates and processing unit is connect by cable with above-mentioned component, and
It is placed in coal mining machine electric control box body；
The coal seam thickness numerical value exported under coal mining machine roller current location with processing unit is calculated by signal；
The initialization of DSP in signal processing, first progress signal processing and computing device, to cable after initialization
Passed data are sampled, and sampled data includes that acoustic emission apparatus institute sounding wave signal harmony wave receiving device receives sound wave letter
Number calculates the amplitude modulus ratio of receiving and transmitting signal, calculates software by acoustic model Solutions of The System of Nonlinear Equations and measures coal thickness data
And it saves the display unit being sent into electric cabinet and shows；The FFT transform for realizing acoustic signals by FFT transform module simultaneously, send
Enter display unit and shows signal time domain and frequency curve；The purpose of showing curve is the environmental noise facilitated around observation detector,
Convenient for debugging and selecting sound wave to emit frequency range point.
A kind of recognition methods of coal petrography identification equipment, the coal petrography identification equipment includes: acoustic emission apparatus, acoustic receiver
Device, level inclination detector, water route guide device, signal processing and computing device；
The acoustic emission apparatus includes signal generator, power amplifier, hydrophone, and hydrophone is finally by certain frequency
Acoustic signals externally emitted；The acoustic receiver device includes hydrophone, measuring amplifier；
The recognition methods includes the following steps:
The signal generator issues sinusoidal sound wave signal, amplifies by power amplifier, is passed to and is used as PZT (piezoelectric transducer)
Hydrophone, by hydrophone in the medium of the drawn coalcutter cooling water of water route guide device vertical water coal interface transmitting speak
Wave；Sound wave transmits in cooling water until coal seam；
Above-mentioned sound wave generates reflection, refraction at water coal interface, and a part of sound wave, which enters coal seam, to be continued to propagate, and reaches coal petrography circle
Face generates reflection, refraction at the interface again, and the sound wave for being refracted to coal seam generates reflection, refraction in coal water termination；
Acoustic receiver device receives the acoustic signals for returning to receiving end, the return acoustic signals and acoustic emission apparatus institute
Sounding wave signal is sent into the signal processing and computing device for being located at coalcutter fuselage position through too long cable transmission；
The sound wave path that the sprayed cooling water of the water route guide device issues acoustic emission apparatus covers, i.e. sound wave is from water
After listening device to issue, transmitted in water until coal seam always；Level inclination detector is to detect that acoustic emission apparatus is located at
When horizontal, acoustic emission apparatus is enabled, carries out a coal petrography identification detection；Signal calculates and processing unit is filled with sound wave transmitting
It sets, the connection of acoustic receiver device, level inclination detector, water route guide device；
The signal processing and computing device sample incoming data, and sampled data includes acoustic emission apparatus institute
Sounding wave signal harmony wave receiving device receives acoustic data signal, calculates the amplitude modulus ratio of receiving and transmitting signal, passes through acoustic mode
The calculation of type Solutions of The System of Nonlinear Equations measures coal thickness data and exports.
As a preferred solution of the present invention, the recognition methods specifically comprises the following steps:
Step S1, the sound wave that acoustic emission apparatus issues hangs down in the medium of the drawn coalcutter cooling water of water route guide device
Directly launch the sound wave of certain frequency in water coal interface；Sound wave transmits in cooling water until coal seam；
Step S2, water, coal, rock sonic transmissions spatial model, the wave equation of sound wave in the medium are as follows:
The acoustic pressure expression formula of incidence wave are as follows:Former incidence wave
Pi, amplitude Pia, x is the direction coordinate system x coordinate；The sound wave issued by hydrophone generates reflection, refraction, a part at water coal interface
Sound wave, which enters coal seam, to be continued to propagate, by the absorption in coal seam, scattering etc. decay, reach coal-rock interface, the interface again secondary reflection,
Refraction, refracted wave, which again passes by coal seam and is transmitted to coal water termination and generates, to be reflected, reflects；The sound wave transmitted in coal seam are as follows:Back to the sound wave of water layer are as follows:k1、k2、k3Respectively water, coal,
The wave number of rock；
Step S3, it the primary reflection at water coal interface and is made of coal-rock interface bounce back coal seam through coal water termination refracted wave
Acoustic receiver device received signal；
Step S4, sound wave is transmitted in coal generates reflection, refraction, the sound wave being reflected into coal seam through coal-rock interface are as follows:The sound wave being refracted in rock stratum are as follows: xCoalFor coal seam thickness；
Particle velocity in each medium are as follows:
Sound wave is when non-ideal medium is propagated, it may appear that the physical phenomenon gradually to decay with distance；Sound wave in medium
Decaying be divided into scatter attenuation, attenuation by absorption；Scatter attenuation is caused by media particle or hole, generally Rayleigh scattering；Separately
One kind is sound absorption caused by interior friction, attenuation coefficient α, when sound wave is propagated in solids, the first power of the coefficient and frequency at
Direct ratio, α=α0*f；
When sound wave is propagated in a liquid, the acoustical absorptivity of heat transfer and the quadratic power of frequency are directly proportional；Pure water quality is again
Determine that grain effect causes loss to disregard with viscous absorption；α=α0*f2Scatter attenuation is too small with respect to sound absorption amplitude, ignores not
Meter；Absorption loss of the sonic wave amplitude on medium propagation path are as follows:Or
Step S5, continuous according to water coal interface and coal-rock interface acoustic pressure, it obtains:
It is continuous according to water coal interface and coal-rock interface normal direction particle velocity, it obtains:
(αWaterFor the acoustical absorptivity of water, PiaFor boundary
Sound pressure level on face)
Step S6, the equation group of tetra- formula of Xie Shangshu obtains the ratio between transmitting and received magnitudes of acoustic waves, and to this plural modulus
A is obtained:(xWaterIt is hydrophone apart from water coal interface distance)
R1、R2、R3The respectively characteristic impedance of water, coal, rock, αCoalFor the absorption coefficient of coal, xCoalRepresent coal thickness；
Step S7, the frequency of signal generator sending signal is certain, is made of the signal of a variety of specific frequencies；It is a variety of
Under frequency sound waves detection event, the above modulus expression formula constitutes Nonlinear System of Equations under different signal frequencies；It is existing each
The characteristic impedance of a medium, density, known to acoustic wave propagation velocity；
Step S8, after the wave absorption coefficient to water, coal is demarcated, above-mentioned Nonlinear System of Equations is sonic transmissions
Acoustic model；The model is using water layer thickness, coal seam thickness as unknown number, the continuous, particle with water coal interface and coal-rock interface acoustic pressure
Speed is continuously constraint, the amplitude modulus ratio of the transmitting-receiving acoustic pressure exported by sound wave receive-transmit system and signal processing apparatus and each
Medium inherent characteristic parameter jointly constructs form；Equation group numerical analysis is solved, it can be deduced that coal petrography identifies as a result, i.e.
Unknown number water layer thickness, coal seam thickness；
Step S9, the hydrophone for receiving system and device receives the signal of echo, amplifies through measuring amplifier, sends out with sound wave
Injection device institute sounding wave signal is common to be sent into the signal processing for being located at coalcutter fuselage position and calculate dress through too long cable transmission
It sets；
Step S10, the sound wave path that guide device sprayed cooling water in water route issues acoustic emission apparatus covers, i.e. sound wave
From after hydrophone sending, transmitted in water until coal seam always；The effect of level inclination detector is to work as to detect that sound wave emits
When device is located at horizontal, acoustic emission apparatus is enabled, carries out a coal petrography identification detection；The inclination angle detector and sound wave transmitting-receiving dress
It sets and its external explosion-resistant enclosure is fixed on roller area；Signal and calculation processing apparatus are connect by cable with above-mentioned component,
And it is placed in coal mining machine electric control box body；
Step S11, the coal seam thickness numerical value under coal mining machine roller current location is exported by signal and calculation processing apparatus；
Step S12, the initialization of DSP in signal processing and computing device is carried out first, and cable is passed after initialization
Data are sampled, and sampled data includes that acoustic emission apparatus institute sounding wave signal harmony wave receiving device receives acoustic signals number
According to, calculate the amplitude modulus ratio of receiving and transmitting signal, write acoustic model Solutions of The System of Nonlinear Equations calculate software, measure coal thickness data and protect
The display unit being sent into electric cabinet is deposited to show；The FFT transform of software realization acoustic signals is write simultaneously, and it is aobvious to be sent into display unit
Show signal time domain and frequency curve；The purpose of showing curve is the environmental noise facilitated around observation detector, convenient for debugging and choosing
Select sound wave transmitting frequency range point.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are: coal petrography proposed by the present invention identifies device and method, solves existing coal petrography and knows
Other method recognition effect is bad, there are intrinsic and biggish error, it is impracticable, cannot be used for complicated geological working face geology environment
The problem of.
The present invention is in coal mining machine roller position installation level inclination detector, sound wave R-T unit and including the explosion-proof of them
Shell, roller often rotate a circle, and when hydrophone institute sounding wave vertical direction in sound wave R-T unit, realize a coal petrography identification
Detection.Nonlinear equation group model is measured and calculated by built coal thickness, solves real-time coal thickness information.Pass through acoustic sounding method
It realizes that coal petrography identifies, is a kind of method of active emission detection without the physicochemical characteristics by coal petrography.And which will be real
The physics particularity of border coal seam rock stratum is matched with the impedance factor of medium, density, absorption coefficient, greatly solves other methods
Difficulty and unworthiness are detected caused by different mining areas are different because of geological conditions.The transmitting-receiving sound wave that the present invention obtains detection is believed
Number being sent into signal and calculation processing apparatus calculates, and substitutes into built coal petrography jointly with each medium actual physics parameter and identify physics mould
In type, to form Nonlinear System of Equations, for equation group by numerical analysis, finding out coal thickness information is no longer previous other modes
Resulting estimated value.
The present invention can be suitable for the situation more demanding to coal petrography recognition effect, be main identification skill with acoustic sounding
Art is solved to calculation method with Nonlinear System of Equations numerical solution, has stable solving precision.The present invention identifies that device structure is tight
It gathers, recognition methods is safe and reliable, installs and easy to operate.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is acoustic transmission path schematic diagram of the invention.
Fig. 2 is instrument layout figure of the invention.
Fig. 3 is coal petrography identifying system functional block diagram of the invention.
Fig. 4 is signal processing and computer data processing block diagram of the invention.
11, cooling water；12, coal；13, rock；14, hydrophone.
1, signal generator；2, power amplifier；3, hydrophone is used in transmitting；4, it receives and uses hydrophone；
5, measuring amplifier；6, horizontal inclinometer；7, explosion-resistant enclosure；8, cable；
9, signal processing and computing device；10, water route guide device
Specific embodiment
The preferred embodiment that the invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Embodiment one
Fig. 2, Fig. 3 are please referred to, present invention discloses a kind of coal petrographys to identify equipment, and the coal petrography identification equipment includes: sound wave
Emitter, acoustic receiver device, level inclination detector 6, water route guide device 10, signal processing and computing device 9, cable
8, explosion-resistant enclosure 7.The acoustic emission apparatus includes signal generator 1, power amplifier 2, hydrophone 3, and hydrophone 3 finally will
The acoustic signals of certain frequency are externally emitted；The acoustic receiver device includes hydrophone 4, measuring amplifier 5；The letter
Number processing and computing device include identification DSP microprocessing unit, display screen.
Sound wave R-T unit and horizontal inclinometer 6 are located in the explosion-resistant enclosure 7 of the nearly roller area of rocker arm of coal mining machine, pass through electricity
Cable 8 in coal mining machine electric control box signal processing and computing device 9 be connected.Water route guide device 10 is responsible for cooling water at water hole
Guidance transmits sound wave in water until coal seam to sound wave emission system device front end.
The recognition methods of above-mentioned coal petrography identification equipment is as follows:
[step 1] signal generator issues sinusoidal sound wave signal, amplifies by power amplifier, incoming to change as piezoelectricity
Can device hydrophone, by hydrophone by electroacoustic convert in the medium of the drawn coalcutter cooling water of water route guide device perpendicular to
Launch the sound wave of certain frequency in water coal interface.Sound wave transmits in cooling water until coal seam.
[step 2] water, coal, rock constitute the spatial model of sonic transmissions, and the sound wave issued by hydrophone is at water coal interface
Reflection, refraction are generated, a part of sound wave, which enters coal seam, to be continued to propagate, and is decayed by the absorption in coal seam, scattering etc., and coal petrography circle is reached
Face, at the interface, secondary reflection, refraction, refracted wave again pass by coal seam and are transmitted to coal water termination generation reflection, refraction again.
The primary reflection at [step 3] water coal interface and by coal-rock interface bounce back coal seam through coal water termination refracted wave structure
At acoustic receiver device received signal.It is subsequent it is a series of reflection, refracted wave due to signal it is weaker, be omitted.It receives
The hydrophone of system and device receives the signal of echo, amplifies through measuring amplifier, with acoustic emission apparatus institute sounding wave signal
It is common to be sent into the signal processing and computing device for being located at coalcutter fuselage position through too long cable transmission.
[step 4] signal generator issue signal frequency be it is certain, be made of the signal of a variety of specific frequencies；It builds
Erect physical model of the sound wave when three kinds of media are propagated.Search the characteristic impedance for having each medium, density, Acoustic Wave Propagation speed
The parameters such as degree, and after being demarcated to the wave absorption coefficient of water, coal, it is established that sonic transmissions acoustic model.The model is with water
Thickness degree, coal seam thickness are unknown number, and with water coal interface and coal-rock interface acoustic pressure, continuous, particle velocity is continuously constraint, by sound
The amplitude modulus ratio and each medium inherent characteristic parameter of wave receive-transmit system and the transmitting-receiving acoustic pressure of signal processing apparatus output are total
It is same to construct.In the case of multi-frequency acoustic detection, the form of the model is Nonlinear System of Equations, to equation group numerical value point
Analysis solves, it can be deduced that coal petrography identification as a result, i.e. unknown number water layer thickness, coal seam thickness.
The sound wave path that guide device sprayed cooling water in [step 5] water route issues acoustic emission apparatus covers, i.e. sound wave
From after hydrophone sending, transmitted in water until coal seam always.The effect of level inclination detector is to work as to detect that sound wave emits
When device is located at horizontal, acoustic emission apparatus is enabled, carries out a coal petrography identification detection.The inclination angle detector and sound wave transmitting-receiving dress
It sets and its external explosion-resistant enclosure is fixed on the nearly roller area of rocker arm；Signal and calculation processing apparatus pass through cable and above-mentioned component
Connection, and be placed in coal mining machine electric control box body.
[step 6] exports the coal seam thickness numerical value under coal mining machine roller current location by signal and calculation processing apparatus.
Specifically, in above-mentioned steps, water, coal, in rock sonic transmissions spatial model, the wave equation of sound wave in the medium
Are as follows:
The acoustic pressure expression formula of incidence wave are as follows:(former incidence wave Pi,
Amplitude Pia, x is the direction coordinate system x coordinate shown in Fig. 1).The sound wave issued by hydrophone 3 generates reflection, refraction at water coal interface,
A part of sound wave, which enters coal seam, to be continued to propagate, by the absorption in coal seam, scattering etc. decay, reach coal-rock interface, the interface again
Secondary reflection, refraction, refracted wave, which again passes by coal seam and is transmitted to coal water termination and generates, to be reflected, reflects.The sound wave transmitted in coal seam
Are as follows:Back to the sound wave of water layer are as follows:(k1、k2、k3Respectively water,
The wave number of coal, rock).
The primary reflection at water coal interface and sound wave is constituted through coal water termination refracted wave by coal-rock interface bounce back coal seam
Reception device received signal.It is subsequent it is a series of reflection, refracted wave due to signal it is weaker, be omitted.
Sound wave is transmitted in coal generates reflection, refraction, the sound wave being reflected into coal seam through coal-rock interface are as follows:The sound wave being refracted in rock stratum are as follows: (xCoalFor coal seam thickness).
Particle velocity in each medium are as follows:
Sound wave is when non-ideal medium is propagated, it may appear that the physical phenomenon gradually to decay with distance.Sound wave in medium
Decaying be divided into scatter attenuation, attenuation by absorption.Scatter attenuation is caused by media particle or hole, generally Rayleigh scattering.Separately
One kind is sound absorption caused by interior friction, attenuation coefficient α, when sound wave is propagated in solids, the first power of the coefficient and frequency at
Direct ratio.α=α0*f
When sound wave is propagated in a liquid, the acoustical absorptivity of heat transfer and the quadratic power of frequency are directly proportional.Pure water quality is again
Determine that grain effect causes loss to disregard with viscous absorption.α=α0*f2Scatter attenuation is too small with respect to sound absorption amplitude, ignores not
Meter.Absorption loss of the sonic wave amplitude on medium propagation path are as follows:Or
It is continuous according to water coal interface and coal-rock interface acoustic pressure, it obtains:
It is continuous according to water coal interface and coal-rock interface normal direction particle velocity, it obtains:
(αWaterFor the acoustical absorptivity of water, PiaFor boundary
Sound pressure level on face).
The equation group for solving above-mentioned four formula obtains the ratio between transmitting and received magnitudes of acoustic waves, and to this plural modulus A, obtains:(xWaterIt is hydrophone apart from water coal interface distance)
R1、R2、R3The respectively characteristic impedance of water, coal, rock.αCoalFor the absorption coefficient of coal, xCoalRepresent coal thickness.
Signal generator issue signal frequency be it is certain, be made of the signal of a variety of specific frequencies；Multi-frequency sound
Under wave detection event, the above modulus expression formula constitutes Nonlinear System of Equations under different signal frequencies.Has each medium
The parameters such as characteristic impedance, density, acoustic wave propagation velocity can be obtained by inquiry data, as shown in table 1.
1 water of table, coal, rock characterisitic parameter table
After the wave absorption coefficient to water, coal is demarcated, above-mentioned Nonlinear System of Equations is sonic transmissions acoustic mode
Type.The model is using water layer thickness, coal seam thickness as unknown number, and with water coal interface and coal-rock interface acoustic pressure, continuous, particle velocity connects
The amplitude modulus ratio and each medium for continuing the transmitting-receiving acoustic pressure exported for constraint by sound wave receive-transmit system and signal processing apparatus are consolidated
There are characterisitic parameter jointly constructs to form.Equation group numerical analysis is solved, it can be deduced that coal petrography identification as a result, i.e. unknown number
Water layer thickness, coal seam thickness.
The hydrophone for receiving system and device receives the signal of echo, amplifies through measuring amplifier, with acoustic emission apparatus
Institute's sounding wave signal is common to be sent into the signal processing and computing device for being located at coalcutter fuselage position through too long cable transmission.
The sound wave path that guide device sprayed cooling water in water route issues acoustic emission apparatus covers, i.e. sound wave is from hydrophone
After sending, transmitted in water until coal seam always.The effect of level inclination detector is to work as to detect that acoustic emission apparatus is located at
When horizontal, acoustic emission apparatus is enabled, carries out a coal petrography identification detection.The inclination angle detector and sound wave R-T unit and its
External explosion-resistant enclosure is fixed on the nearly roller area of rocker arm；Signal and calculation processing apparatus are connect by cable with above-mentioned component, and
It is placed in coal mining machine electric control box body.
The coal seam thickness numerical value under coal mining machine roller current location is exported by signal and calculation processing apparatus.Signal processing
The initialization of DSP in part, first progress signal processing and computing device, data passed to cable are adopted after initializing
Sample, sampled data include that acoustic emission apparatus institute sounding wave signal harmony wave receiving device receives acoustic data signal, calculate and receive
The amplitude modulus ratio of signalling writes acoustic model Solutions of The System of Nonlinear Equations and calculates software, measures coal thickness data and saves feeding electricity
Display unit in control case is shown；The FFT transform of software realization acoustic signals is write simultaneously, when being sent into display unit display signal
Domain and frequency curve.The purpose of showing curve is the environmental noise facilitated around observation detector, convenient for debugging and selecting sound wave hair
Radio band point.
Embodiment two
The difference between this embodiment and the first embodiment lies in the present embodiment discloses a kind of Coal-rock identification method, specifically include as
Lower step:
The sound wave that [step S1] acoustic emission apparatus issues is in the medium of the drawn coalcutter cooling water of water route guide device
Launch the sound wave of certain frequency perpendicular to water coal interface.Sound wave transmits in cooling water until coal seam.The characteristic impedance value of water
It is close with coal, rock, so be used to replace air as transmission medium, greatly reduce energy loss when propagating between interface.
Cooling water 11 [step S2] as shown in Figure 1, coal 12,13 sonic transmissions spatial model of rock, sound wave is in the medium
Wave equation are as follows:The acoustic pressure expression formula of incidence wave are as follows:It is (former incident
Wave Pi, amplitude Pia, x is the direction coordinate system x coordinate shown in Fig. 1).The sound wave issued by hydrophone 14 generates anti-at water coal interface
It penetrates, reflect, a part of sound wave, which enters coal seam, to be continued to propagate, and is decayed by the absorption in coal seam, scattering etc., coal-rock interface is reached,
Secondary reflection, refraction, refracted wave again pass by coal seam and are transmitted to coal water termination generation reflection, refraction again at the interface.It is passed in coal seam
Defeated sound wave are as follows:Back to the sound wave of water layer are as follows:(k1、k2、k3
The respectively wave number of water, coal, rock).
The primary reflection at [step S3] water coal interface and by coal-rock interface bounce back coal seam through coal water termination refracted wave structure
At acoustic receiver device received signal.It is subsequent it is a series of reflection, refracted wave due to signal it is weaker, be omitted.
Sound wave is transmitted in [step S4] coal generates reflection, refraction, the sound wave being reflected into coal seam through coal-rock interface are as follows:The sound wave being refracted in rock stratum are as follows: (xCoalFor coal seam thickness).
Particle velocity in each medium are as follows:
[step S5] sound wave is when non-ideal medium is propagated, it may appear that the physical phenomenon gradually to decay with distance.It is situated between
The decaying of sound wave is divided into scatter attenuation, attenuation by absorption in matter.Scatter attenuation is caused by media particle or hole, generally Rayleigh
Scattering.Another kind be interior friction caused by sound absorption, attenuation coefficient α, when sound wave is propagated in solids, the one of the coefficient and frequency
Power is directly proportional, α=α0*f。
When [step S6] sound wave is propagated in a liquid, the acoustical absorptivity of heat transfer and the quadratic power of frequency are directly proportional.It is pure
Water purification matter determines that grain effect causes loss to disregard with viscous absorption again.α=α0*f2Scatter attenuation is too with respect to sound absorption amplitude
It is small, it ignores.Absorption loss of the sonic wave amplitude on medium propagation path are as follows:Or
[step S7] is continuous according to water coal interface and coal-rock interface acoustic pressure, obtains:
It is continuous according to water coal interface and coal-rock interface normal direction particle velocity, it obtains:
(αWaterFor the acoustical absorptivity of water, PiaFor boundary
Sound pressure level on face)
The equation group of tetra- formula of [step S8] Xie Shangshu obtains the ratio between transmitting and received magnitudes of acoustic waves, and asks this plural number
Mould A, obtains:(xWaterIt is hydrophone apart from water coal interface distance)
(R1、R2、R3The respectively characteristic impedance of water, coal, rock.αCoalFor the absorption coefficient of coal, xCoalRepresent coal thickness.)
[step S9] signal generator issue signal frequency be it is certain, be made of the signal of a variety of specific frequencies；It is more
Under kind frequency sound waves detection event, the above modulus expression formula constitutes Nonlinear System of Equations under different signal frequencies.It is existing
The parameters such as characteristic impedance, density, the acoustic wave propagation velocity of each medium can obtain by inquiry data, as shown in table 1.
1 water of table, coal, rock characterisitic parameter table:
[step S10] after the wave absorption coefficient to water, coal is demarcated, above-mentioned Nonlinear System of Equations is that sound wave passes
Defeated acoustic model.The model is using water layer thickness, coal seam thickness as unknown number, the continuous, matter with water coal interface and coal-rock interface acoustic pressure
Spot speed is continuously constraint, the amplitude modulus ratio of the transmitting-receiving acoustic pressure exported by sound wave receive-transmit system and signal processing apparatus and respectively
A medium inherent characteristic parameter jointly constructs form.To equation group numerical analysis solve, it can be deduced that coal petrography identification as a result,
That is unknown number water layer thickness, coal seam thickness.
The hydrophone that [step S11] receives system and device receives the signal of echo, amplifies through measuring amplifier, with sound wave
Emitter institute sounding wave signal is common to be sent into the signal processing for being located at coalcutter fuselage position and calculating through too long cable transmission
Device.
The sound wave path that the sprayed cooling water of [step S12] water route guide device issues acoustic emission apparatus covers, i.e. sound
Wave is transmitted in water until coal seam always from after hydrophone sending.The effect of level inclination detector is to work as to detect that sound wave is sent out
When injection device is located at horizontal, acoustic emission apparatus is enabled, carries out a coal petrography identification detection.The inclination angle detector and sound wave transmitting-receiving
Device and its external explosion-resistant enclosure are fixed on roller area；Signal and calculation processing apparatus are connected by cable and above-mentioned component
It connects, and is placed in coal mining machine electric control box body.
[step S13] exports the coal seam thickness number under coal mining machine roller current location by signal and calculation processing apparatus
Value.
In [step S14] Fig. 4, the initialization of DSP first in progress signal processing and computing device, to electricity after initialization
The passed data of cable are sampled, and sampled data includes that acoustic emission apparatus institute sounding wave signal harmony wave receiving device receives sound wave
Signal data calculates the amplitude modulus ratio of receiving and transmitting signal, writes acoustic model Solutions of The System of Nonlinear Equations and calculates software, measures coal thickness number
According to and save be sent into electric cabinet in display unit show；The FFT transform of software realization acoustic signals is write simultaneously, is sent into display
Unit shows signal time domain and frequency curve.The purpose of showing curve is the environmental noise facilitated around observation detector, convenient for adjusting
Examination and selection sound wave emit frequency range point.
In conclusion coal petrography proposed by the present invention identifies device and method, solves existing Coal-rock identification method identification effect
Fruit is bad, there are problems that intrinsic and biggish error, is impracticable, cannot be used for complicated geological working face geology environment.
The present invention is in coal mining machine roller position installation level inclination detector, sound wave R-T unit and including the explosion-proof of them
Shell, roller often rotate a circle, and when hydrophone institute sounding wave vertical direction in sound wave R-T unit, realize a coal petrography identification
Detection.Nonlinear equation group model is measured and calculated by built coal thickness, solves real-time coal thickness information.Pass through acoustic sounding method
It realizes that coal petrography identifies, is a kind of method of active emission detection without the physicochemical characteristics by coal petrography.And which will be real
The physics particularity of border coal seam rock stratum is matched with the impedance factor of medium, density, absorption coefficient, greatly solves other methods
Difficulty and unworthiness are detected caused by different mining areas are different because of geological conditions.The transmitting-receiving sound wave that the present invention obtains detection is believed
Number being sent into signal and calculation processing apparatus calculates, and substitutes into built coal petrography jointly with each medium actual physics parameter and identify physics mould
In type, to form Nonlinear System of Equations, for equation group by numerical analysis, finding out coal thickness information is no longer previous other modes
Resulting estimated value.
The present invention can be suitable for the situation more demanding to coal petrography recognition effect, be main identification skill with acoustic sounding
Art is solved to calculation method with Nonlinear System of Equations numerical solution, has stable solving precision.The present invention identifies that device structure is tight
It gathers, recognition methods is safe and reliable, installs and easy to operate.
Description and application of the invention herein are illustrative, is not wishing to limit the scope of the invention to above-described embodiment
In.The deformation and change of embodiments disclosed herein are possible, the realities for those skilled in the art
The replacement and equivalent various parts for applying example are well known.It should be appreciated by the person skilled in the art that not departing from the present invention
Spirit or essential characteristics in the case where, the present invention can in other forms, structure, arrangement, ratio, and with other components,
Material and component are realized.Without departing from the scope and spirit of the present invention, can to embodiments disclosed herein into
The other deformations of row and change.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of coal petrography identifies equipment, which is characterized in that the coal petrography identification equipment includes: acoustic emission apparatus, acoustic receiver
Device, level inclination detector, water route guide device, signal processing and computing device；
The acoustic emission apparatus includes signal generator, power amplifier, transmitting hydrophone, and transmitting hydrophone finally will
The acoustic signals of certain frequency are externally emitted；
The acoustic receiver device includes reception hydrophone, measuring amplifier；
The sound wave path that the sprayed cooling water of the water route guide device issues acoustic emission apparatus covers, i.e. sound wave spontaneous emission is used
After hydrophone issues, transmitted in water until coal seam always；Level inclination detector is to detect acoustic emission apparatus position
When level, control acoustic emission apparatus carries out a coal petrography identification detection；Signal calculates and processing unit is filled with sound wave transmitting
It sets, the connection of acoustic receiver device, level inclination detector, water route guide device；
The signal processing and computing device sample incoming data, and sampled data includes acoustic emission apparatus institute sounding
Wave signal harmony wave receiving device receives acoustic data signal, calculates the amplitude modulus ratio of receiving and transmitting signal, non-by acoustic model
System of linear equations resolving measures coal thickness data and exports；
The Nonlinear System of Equations are as follows:
Wherein
Wherein, A is the modulus of the ratio between transmitting and received magnitudes of acoustic waves, xWaterIt is hydrophone apart from water coal interface distance, xCoalIt represents
Coal is thick, and f is frequency, αWaterFor the acoustical absorptivity of water, αCoalFor the absorption coefficient of coal, R1、R2、R3The respectively characteristic of water, coal, rock
Impedance；
It is detected, equation group numerical analysis is solved, to obtain unknown parameter x using multi-frequency sound waveWater、xCoalValue.
2. coal petrography according to claim 1 identifies equipment, it is characterised in that:
The signal generator issues sinusoidal sound wave signal, amplifies by power amplifier, is passed to the hair as PZT (piezoelectric transducer)
Penetrate with hydrophone, by the transmitting hydrophone in the medium of the drawn coalcutter cooling water of water route guide device vertical water coal interface
Launch sound wave；Sound wave transmits in cooling water until coal seam；
Above-mentioned sound wave generates reflection, refraction at water coal interface, and a part of sound wave, which enters coal seam, to be continued to propagate, and reaches coal-rock interface,
Reflection, refraction are generated again at the interface, and the sound wave for being refracted to coal seam generates reflection, refraction in coal water termination；
Acoustic receiver device receives the acoustic signals for returning to receiving end, the return acoustic signals and acoustic emission apparatus institute sounding
Wave signal is sent into the signal processing and computing device for being located at coalcutter fuselage position through too long cable transmission；
Signal generator issue signal frequency be it is certain, be made of the signal of a variety of specific frequencies；Sound wave is in water, coal, rock
It is propagated in the physical model of composition；It searches and has characteristic impedance, the density, acoustic wave propagation velocity of each medium, and to water, coal
After wave absorption coefficient is demarcated, it is established that using water layer thickness, coal seam thickness as unknown number, with water coal interface and coal-rock interface
Acoustic pressure is continuous, particle velocity is continuously constraint, is calculated by the transmitting-receiving sound wave that detection system exports through signal processing apparatus
The modulus ratio of amplitude and each medium inherent characteristic parametric configuration at sonic transmissions acoustic model, finally obtain coal petrography identification
Nonlinear System of Equations, to Nonlinear System of Equations numerical analysis solve, obtain unknown parameter water layer thickness, coal seam thickness；
The path for the sound wave that guide device sprayed cooling water in water route issues acoustic emission apparatus covers, level inclination detector,
Sound wave R-T unit and its external explosion-resistant enclosure are fixed on the nearly roller area of rocker arm；Signal calculate and processing unit by cable and
Above-mentioned component is connected, and is placed in coal mining machine electric control box.
3. coal petrography according to claim 1 identifies equipment, it is characterised in that:
The signal processing and computing device include identification DSP microprocessing unit, display screen；The coal petrography identifies that equipment further includes
Cable, explosion-resistant enclosure, signal calculates and processing unit passes through cable and acoustic emission apparatus, acoustic receiver device, level inclination
Detector, water route guide device are connected, and are placed in coal mining machine electric control box.
4. a kind of recognition methods of coal petrography identification equipment, which is characterized in that the coal petrography identification equipment includes: sound wave transmitting dress
It sets, acoustic receiver device, level inclination detector, water route guide device, signal processing and computing device；
The acoustic emission apparatus includes signal generator, power amplifier, transmitting hydrophone, and the transmitting hydrophone is final
The acoustic signals of certain frequency are externally emitted；The acoustic receiver device includes reception hydrophone, measuring amplifier；
The recognition methods includes the following steps:
The signal generator issues sinusoidal sound wave signal, amplifies by power amplifier, is passed to the hair as PZT (piezoelectric transducer)
It penetrates and uses hydrophone, vertical water coal interface is sent out in the medium of the drawn coalcutter cooling water of water route guide device with hydrophone by emitting
Project sound wave；Sound wave transmits in cooling water until coal seam；
Above-mentioned sound wave generates reflection, refraction at water coal interface, and a part of sound wave, which enters coal seam, to be continued to propagate, and reaches coal-rock interface,
Reflection, refraction are generated again at the interface, and the sound wave for being refracted to coal seam generates reflection, refraction in coal water termination；
Acoustic receiver device receives the acoustic signals for returning to receiving end, the return acoustic signals and acoustic emission apparatus institute sounding
Wave signal is sent into the signal processing and computing device for being located at coalcutter fuselage position through too long cable transmission；
The sound wave path that the sprayed cooling water of the water route guide device issues acoustic emission apparatus covers, i.e. sound wave spontaneous emission is used
After hydrophone issues, transmitted in water until coal seam always；Level inclination detector is to detect acoustic emission apparatus position
When level, acoustic emission apparatus carries out a coal petrography identification detection；Signal calculating and processing unit and acoustic emission apparatus, sound
Wave receiving device, level inclination detector, the connection of water route guide device；
The signal processing and computing device sample incoming data, and sampled data includes acoustic emission apparatus institute sounding
Wave signal harmony wave receiving device receives acoustic data signal, calculates the amplitude modulus ratio of receiving and transmitting signal, non-by acoustic model
System of linear equations resolving measures coal thickness data and exports；
The Nonlinear System of Equations are as follows:
Wherein
Wherein, xWaterIt is hydrophone apart from water coal interface distance, xCoalCoal thickness is represented, f is frequency, αCoalFor the absorption coefficient of coal, αWaterFor
The acoustical absorptivity of water, R1、R2、R3The respectively characteristic impedance of water, coal, rock；
It is detected, equation group numerical analysis is solved, to obtain unknown parameter x using multi-frequency sound waveWater、xCoalValue.
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| CN104215649B (en) * | 2014-09-03 | 2017-02-15 | 华安奥特（北京）科技股份有限公司 | Automatic coal and rock identification device of coal mining machine |
| CN104820021A (en) * | 2015-05-19 | 2015-08-05 | 中南大学 | Method for detecting coal-rock interface by phased-array ultrasonic imaging |
| CN105201492B (en) * | 2015-09-07 | 2016-05-25 | 山东科技大学 | The method of the huge high seam inside deposition discontinuity surface of comprehensive identification |
| CN105569658A (en) * | 2015-12-12 | 2016-05-11 | 江苏师范大学 | Coalcutter coal rock distribution recognition device and method adopting terahertz imaging technology |
| CN109187915B (en) * | 2018-09-25 | 2021-01-15 | 河南理工大学 | Selectivity evaluation method in coal dressing process by using voice recognition method |
| CN109596713A (en) * | 2018-12-29 | 2019-04-09 | 西南石油大学 | A kind of coal petrography ultrasonic wave attenuation coefficient evaluation method based on Fractal |
| CN113406005B (en) * | 2021-05-28 | 2024-06-04 | 浙江理工大学 | Demodulation method for detecting gas-solid interface sound wave by sine phase modulation laser interferometer |
| CN113358072B (en) * | 2021-06-03 | 2024-02-06 | 河南科技大学 | Ultrasonic measuring equipment and method for number of layers of plates |
| CN118409363A (en) * | 2024-02-07 | 2024-07-30 | 中国矿业大学(北京) | Device and method for detecting coal-rock interface in hole |
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