CN103940854A - Rapid detector capable of simultaneously detecting pesticide and heavy metal residues in fruits and vegetables - Google Patents
Rapid detector capable of simultaneously detecting pesticide and heavy metal residues in fruits and vegetables Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a rapid detector capable of simultaneously detecting pesticide and heavy metal residues in fruits and vegetables, belonging to the technical field of agricultural product safety detection. The rapid detector provided by the invention comprises an array immunosensor, an analog multiplexer, a detection circuit, a microcontroller, a display screen, a key and a power supply, wherein in working electrodes of the array immunosensor of the rapid detector provided by the invention, various heavy metal antibodies are fixed on the surfaces of half the electrodes and various pesticide antibodies are fixed on the surfaces of half the electrodes, so that the detector can achieve simultaneous detection of heavy metal and pesticide residues in the fruit and vegetable samples in single sampling. The rapid detector has the characteristics of high detection efficiency, low detection cost, short detection time and the like, can simultaneously detect at least ten kinds of pesticides and five types of heavy metal residues once, has limit of detection up to 1mu g/L and is suitable for field rapid detection of the fruits and vegetables.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of fast detector that can simultaneously detect fruits and vegetables Pesticides and heavy-metal residual, belong to agricultural product security detection technique field.
Technical background
China is large agricultural country, and vegetable and fruit total production occupies the first in the world, but along with industrialization development, the continuous progress of agricultural cience and farming techniques, food-safety problem becomes increasingly conspicuous, and especially the content overproof problem of heavy metal in fruits and vegetables, enjoys people to pay close attention to.Due to industrial waste water, the direct discharge of city domestic water, mud, the agricultural use of the solid waste such as rubbish, mining, smelt, papermaking, the discharge that the discarded object of the human activities such as traffic is not up to standard, chemical fertilizer, agricultural, the pollution of plastic sheeting etc., all may cause agricultural soil content of beary metal to exceed standard, and the accumulation ability difference of different fruits and vegetables to different heavy metals, so, the heavy metal kind that different fruits and vegetables exceed standard is also not quite similar, but as long as heavy metal all very serious to the mankind's harm, can make people carcinogenic, teratogenesis, the difficult and complicated cases that producer sudden change etc. causes.Agricultural chemicals is important capital goods in the agricultural sector simultaneously, in agricultural product are produced, the control of disease, worm, grass, mouse harm is played to very important effect.But the harm consequence of pollution by pesticides and generation thereof is serious, the loss that agricultural chemicals environmental pollution causes is many-sided, comprise the pollution to water environment, to the pollution of soil, to the pollution of atmosphere, the impact on environmental organism and the harm to health etc.Due to generally shortage science use agricultural chemicals knowledge of user, the output that covets, causes the agricultural products of circulation in the market all to have to some extent Pesticide Residue at present, and its harm also causes the public's concern day by day.China is a large agricultural country, and along with China's living standards of the people improve constantly, the quality security problem of agricultural product more and more receives publicity, and especially Heavy Metals In Vegetables and Pesticide Residue have become the focus of public attention.Strengthen the detection of heavy metal and pesticide remnant in agricultural product preserving the ecological environment; especially ensure that human health has very profound significance; so; whether the heavy metal and pesticide remnant of setting up a kind of fast and easy and can simultaneously accurately measure in fruit and vegetable food exceeds standard, the health to the mankind and China's agricultural byproducts extremely important meaning that gone to the world.
Traditional heavy metal and pesticide remnant detection method mainly contains: gas chromatography (GC), high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry coupling technique (GC/LC-MS), capillary electrophoresis (CE), fluorescence analysis, euzymelinked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) (ELISA).Although these method selectivity are good, highly sensitive, accuracy is high, detection limit is low, can detect multiple element or compound, but it needs expensive instrument and equipment, sample pretreatment process is loaded down with trivial details, time-consuming simultaneously, and the technical merit requirement to analyst is very high, is unsuitable for field quick detection.Compared with traditional analytical approach, biology sensor has following features: the selectivity that (1) is higher, therefore do not need tested component to separate, and need not carry out pre-service to sample.(2) simple in structure, volume is little, easy to use, and particularly portable immunosensor is very beneficial for the Fast Measurement of agricultural product security quality.(3) can realize continuous on-line detection, make the quality control of food processing process become easy.(4) fast response time, amount of samples is few, and compared with other large-sized analytic instruments, immunosensor cost of manufacture is low, and can Reusability.Especially need to detect the rapid detection apparatus of the heavy metal and pesticide remnant in fruits and vegetables simultaneously, like this can be in primary sample, detect simultaneously and in fruits and vegetables, whether contain heavy metal and pesticide remnant and whether exceed standard.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to for the deficiencies in the prior art, a kind of fast detector that can simultaneously detect fruits and vegetables Pesticides and heavy metal is provided, in the sampling of a sample, realize heavy metal and pesticide remnant in the fruits and vegetables information such as whether exceed standard simultaneously.Can be used for the safe fast-field evaluations of agricultural product quality in site such as fruits and vegetables, and the related data of mensuration is uploaded to database at any time, be conducive to the construction of the Quality Tracing of Agricultural Product systems such as fruits and vegetables.
The technical scheme that the present invention takes is as follows:
The fast detector that can simultaneously detect fruits and vegetables Pesticides and heavy metal, is characterized in that, by array immunosensor, analog multichannel switch, testing circuit, microcontroller, display screen, button and electric power generating composition;
Described array immunosensor, formed by a circular electrode dish, centre bit is equipped with electrode and contrast electrode, periphery is equally distributed working electrode, in working electrode, half is fixed with different types of heavy metal antibody, second half is fixed with different types of pesticide antibody, electrode, contrast electrode are equated with the distance of each working electrode, peripheral and the middle hole that has equal diameters of circular electrode dish, can be by working electrode, contrast electrode with in electrode electrode insertion hole, each working electrode terminals access analog multichannel switch;
Described analog multichannel switch, the impedance signal successively array immunization sensor being produced respectively gathers and delivers to testing circuit;
Described testing circuit is made up of feed circuit, detection chip, toggle switch and demarcation resistance, and feed circuit are connected with detection chip with microcontroller, adopts first and obtains steady power voltage supply through the method for wave filter voltage stabilizing again through transformer pressure-reducing; Detection chip is connected with demarcation resistance by toggle switch, detection chip produces driving voltage and is applied on array immunization sensor and collects response signal under the control of microcontroller, after discrete Fourier transform (DFT), obtain real part and imaginary part, and output to microcontroller;
On described microcontroller, move trace routine, mould value by the impedance real part receiving and imaginary part by impedance and phase calculation formula calculate mould value and the phase angle of impedance, after calibration, obtaining real impedance values, with set react before resistance value compare, obtain rate of change and reach a conclusion with typical curve contrast, delivering to display screen and show;
Described display screen is connected with microcontroller, for showing data and the window as user interactive;
Described button is connected with testing circuit with microcontroller, is provided with startup, starts, resets, stops key and four sensing range gears, for inputting instruction and detected parameters;
Described power supply is connected with feed circuit;
Operating voltage between working electrode and the contrast electrode of described fast detector is 300mV;
The model of described display screen is LED12864;
In the microprocessor of described detector, insert the database of impedance rate of change and heavy metal and pesticide remnant concentration relationship.
In the detection fruits and vegetables of described fast detector, the step of the method for heavy metal and pesticide remnant is as follows:
1) open detector, array-type sensor is put into test end liquid and measure initial impedance value A
1, and preserve;
2) take out array-type sensor, after rinsing with the phosphate buffer (PBS) of pH7.5, put into pretreatment sample liquid and hatch 10min;
3) take out array-type sensor, after rinsing with the PBS of pH7.5, put into test end liquid and measure resistance value A
2;
4) according to change in impedance value formula computing impedance value rate of change, and according to the concentration of inserting in advance impedance rate of change in database and heavy metal or residues of pesticides concentration relationship typical curve and calculate heavy metal or agricultural chemicals.
Step 2) described in the disposal route of pretreatment sample liquid be:
Choose vegetable sample, by the earth wiped clean of vegetable surface, be chopped into the square fragment of 2cm left and right, sample thief 2g with moist rag, put into extraction flask, add 10ml phosphate buffer, put into ultrasonic extraction apparatus, ultrasonic extraction 3 minutes, pours out extract and leaves standstill 2min, for subsequent use.
Described in step 4), change in impedance value formula is: rate of change=| A
1-A
2|/A
1.
The ultimate principle that can simultaneously detect the fast detector of fruits and vegetables Pesticides and heavy-metal residual provided by the present invention is: when the array immunosensor of fixing different heavy metals and pesticide antibody is inserted in sample liquid, if have corresponding heavy metal and agricultural chemicals in sample liquid, because forming immune complex, the immune response between antibody and antigen hinders electronics transfer between test end liquid and immunosensor, and then the variation that produces impedance signal, the impedance signal collection successively array immunization sensor being produced respectively by analog multichannel switch is sent in detector, and then in working sample liquid, whether there are certain heavy metal species and an agricultural chemicals, and the information such as determine whether to exceed standard.
Beneficial effect of the present invention: detector of the present invention can be realized the detection that simultaneously completes agricultural chemicals and heavy metal in the sample introduction of a sample.Save detection time like this, also reduced the consumption of reagent simultaneously, reduced testing cost.Make up in current agricultural chemicals and heavy metal detector device, prepared respectively sample, detected respectively agricultural chemicals and heavy metal, can not detect the defect of agricultural chemicals and heavy metal simultaneously.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is a kind of structured flowchart that can simultaneously detect the fast detector of fruits and vegetables Pesticides and heavy metal of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is disc type array immunization sensor electrode distribution plan.
Fig. 3 is feed circuit schematic diagram in the present invention.
Fig. 4 is testing circuit schematic diagram in the present invention.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, technical scheme of the present invention is elaborated, but the present invention is not subject to the restriction of embodiment.
Fig. 1 is a kind of structured flowchart that can simultaneously detect the fast detector of fruits and vegetables Pesticides and heavy-metal residual of the present invention.Detector is made up of testing circuit, array immunosensor, analog multichannel switch, power supply, button, microcontroller and display screen.Wherein testing circuit is made up of feed circuit, detection chip, toggle switch, demarcation resistance.Testing circuit is used for producing driving voltage and is applied on array immunization sensor, with the line number word processing of going forward side by side of the response signal after post-sampling excitation, result is sent into microcontroller; Microcontroller and the trace routine of moving above thereof are processed again to input signal, and the operation of whole system is controlled and responded; Button is used for inputting instruction and detected parameters; Display screen is used for quantizing output and presents final testing result, is the interactive interface of user and system; Power supply is whole system power supply.
Fig. 2 is array immunosensor distribution of electrodes figure.Described array immunosensor is made up of a circular electrode disk, centre bit is equipped with electrode and contrast electrode, periphery is equally distributed working electrode, electrode, contrast electrode are equated with the distance of each working electrode guaranteeing, make each working electrode and the resistance value that having between electrode equated.Peripheral and the middle hole that has equal diameters of circular electrode disk, can be by working electrode, contrast electrode with in electrode electrode insertion hole.Three electrode workplace inserts test end liquid, each working electrode terminals access analog multichannel switch, and the impedance signal collection successively array immunization sensor being produced respectively by analog multichannel switch is sent in detector testing circuit.Contrast electrode and electrode is directly received in testing circuit.Fixing respectively heavy metal antibody and pesticide antibody with nanometer-material-modified good working electrode surface.Between working electrode and contrast electrode, add the operating voltage of 300 millivolts, what in test fluid, measure is working electrode and to the resistance value between electrode.If have the corresponding heavy metal of sessile antibody and agricultural chemicals in sample liquid, cause respective sensor in array immunization sensor to send signal, thereby determine and contain which kind of heavy metal in sample and agricultural chemicals has residual and whether exceeds standard.
Described array immunosensor, has fixed respectively acephatemet, metrifonate, Rogor, parathion, malathion, chlopyrifos, sevin, Mobucin, carbofuran and 10 kinds of pesticide antibodies of Bassa and copper, cadmium, lead, chromium and nickel five heavy metal species antibody on array working electrode.Before sessile antibody, working electrode surface is modified by nano material, then drip be coated with 2 μ L(concentration be 5 μ g/mL) antibody-solutions to electrode surface, after naturally drying prepared by array immunosensor.
The microcontroller of described detector is selected STC89C52, loads trace routine on it.Feed circuit in testing circuit form and principle as shown in Figure 3, by transformer T1, bridge rectifier circuit BR1, electrochemical capacitor C1, C3, common capacitor C 2, C4, three terminal regulator U1 formation, its effect is the Power supply for provide+5V of whole system.In the design, the effect of electrochemical capacitor C1, C2 is filtering, simply say while being exactly the rising of electric capacity both end voltage, and capacitor charging, when lower voltage, capacitor discharge, the gradient while allowing lower voltage becomes gently, thereby plays the effect of filtering.The effect of common capacitor C 2, C4 is to prevent self-excitation, and it can absorb high frequency energizing signal to keep stable, makes circuit there is no pumping signal, thereby prevents self-excitation.The effect of three terminal regulator U1 be by output voltage stabilization on+5V, connect respectively+5V of the output and ground of U1 and ground connection.
In described testing circuit, the formation of core testing circuit as shown in Figure 4: by detection chip U3, toggle switch SW3, demarcate resistance R 1, R2, R3, R4, R5, common capacitor C 7, C8 form, its effect is produce driving voltage and be applied on immunosensor, with the line number word processing of going forward side by side of the response signal after post-sampling excitation, result is sent into microcontroller.The effect of wherein demarcating resistance R 1, R2, R3 is as external feedback resistance.Toggle switch SW3 is 4-bit DIP switch, and its effect is to select the resistance of suitable demarcation to be connected into testing circuit to prevent that response signal from exceeding the range of detection chip and ensureing system linearity characteristic.The effect of demarcating resistance R 4, R5 is to be connected between 15,16 pins and power supply of detection chip as pull-up resistor.The effect of capacitor C 7, C8 is used for filtering and shielding, and prevents electromagnetic interference (EMI).Detection chip U3 is a high-precision impedance measurement chip, and inside is integrated with 12, and sampling rate is up to the frequency generator of the AD converter of 1MSPS.Its effect is that the driving voltage that produces characteristic frequency encourages element under test, the response signal obtaining is sampled by ADC, and carry out discrete Fourier transform by the DSP on sheet, after Fourier transform, return to the value of real part and the imaginary values that under this output frequency, obtain, and result is sent into microcontroller.15,16 pins are connected with+5V power supply by pull-up resistor R4, R5,12,13,14 pin earths, 9,10,11 pin parallel connections are connected with+5V power supply, 4, between 5 pins by toggle switch with demarcate resistance and be connected, 5,6 be used for connecing element under test.
Fast detector provided by the present invention, concrete use procedure is as follows: use nano material to carry out chemical modification array-type sensor working electrode surface before use, improve the sensitivity that sensor detects, fix respectively different types of heavy metal and pesticide antibody at array immunosensor working electrode surface afterwards.Then array immunosensor is put into refrigerator, under 4 ° of C, save backup.When use, open the power switch of detector, array-type sensor is put into test end liquid and measure initial impedance value A1, and preserve.Immunosensor is put into the sample liquid of handling well in advance and hatch 10 minutes, then sensor is connected to detector carries out impedance measurement, obtain the resistance value A2 measuring for the second time, microcontroller is delivered to display screen and is shown.Calculate rate of change, rate of change computing formula is as follows:
Rate of change=| A1-A2|/A1
If contain heavy metal or agricultural chemicals in sample liquid,, containing relevant work electrode generation specific immune response, cause reacted respective sensor resistance value obviously to increase.The difference of A1 and A2 is larger, shows to detect the concentration that contains certain heavy metal species or residues of pesticides in solution higher.Contrast standard curve obtains the concentration of heavy metal in sample or residues of pesticides, shows at display screen.Impedance rate of change and heavy metal and pesticide remnant concentration relationship typical curve in storer, are inserted, according to the size of each sensor impedance rate of change, can show at the display screen of instrument the concentration information that contains which kind of heavy metal, agricultural chemicals and heavy metal and pesticide remnant in the sample of detection.
Fast detector method of operating provided by the present invention is simple, detection time is shorter, can in primary sample, realize the qualitative, quantitative of the heavy metal and pesticide remnant in fruits and vegetables measures, there is detection time short, highly sensitive, good stability, high repeatability and other advantages, meet China to heavy metal Fast Determination of Pesticide Residue technical development in fruits and vegetables and internationalization requirement.
Claims (7)
1. the fast detector that can simultaneously detect fruits and vegetables Pesticides and heavy-metal residual, is characterized in that, by array immunosensor, analog multichannel switch, testing circuit, microcontroller, display screen, button and electric power generating composition;
Described array immunosensor, formed by a circular electrode dish, centre bit is equipped with electrode and contrast electrode, periphery is equally distributed working electrode, in working electrode, half is fixed with different types of heavy metal antibody, second half is fixed with different types of pesticide antibody, electrode, contrast electrode are equated with the distance of each working electrode, peripheral and the middle hole that has equal diameters of circular electrode dish, can be by working electrode, contrast electrode with in electrode electrode insertion hole, each working electrode terminals access analog multichannel switch;
Described analog multichannel switch, the impedance signal successively array immunization sensor being produced respectively gathers and delivers to testing circuit;
Described testing circuit is made up of feed circuit, detection chip, toggle switch and demarcation resistance, and feed circuit are connected with detection chip with microcontroller, adopts first and obtains steady power voltage supply through the method for wave filter voltage stabilizing again through transformer pressure-reducing; Detection chip is connected with demarcation resistance by toggle switch, detection chip produces driving voltage and is applied on array immunization sensor and collects response signal under the control of microcontroller, after discrete Fourier transform (DFT), obtain real part and imaginary part, and output to microcontroller;
On described microcontroller, move trace routine, mould value by the impedance real part receiving and imaginary part by impedance and phase calculation formula calculate mould value and the phase angle of impedance, after calibration, obtaining real impedance values, with set react before resistance value compare, obtain rate of change and reach a conclusion with typical curve contrast, delivering to display screen and show;
Described display screen is connected with microcontroller, for showing data and the window as user interactive;
Described button is connected with testing circuit with microcontroller, is provided with startup, starts, resets, stops key and four sensing range gears, for inputting instruction and detected parameters;
Described power supply is connected with feed circuit.
2. fast detector described in claim 1, is characterized in that, the operating voltage between working electrode and contrast electrode is 300mV.
3. fast detector described in claim 1, is characterized in that, the model of described display screen is LED12864.
4. fast detector described in claim 1, is characterized in that, the microprocessor in the built-in detection chip of described detector has been inserted the database of impedance rate of change and heavy metal and pesticide remnant concentration relationship.
5. a method for heavy metal and pesticide remnant in the detection fruits and vegetables of fast detector described in claim 1, is characterized in that, step is as follows:
Open detector, array-type sensor is put into test end liquid and measure initial impedance value A
1, and preserve;
Take out array-type sensor, after rinsing with the phosphate buffer of pH7.5, put into pretreatment sample liquid and hatch 10min;
Take out array-type sensor, after rinsing with the phosphate buffer of pH7.5, put into test end liquid and measure resistance value A
2;
According to change in impedance value formula computing impedance value rate of change, and according to the concentration of inserting in advance impedance rate of change in database and heavy metal or residues of pesticides concentration relationship typical curve and calculate heavy metal or agricultural chemicals.
6. method described in claim 5, it is characterized in that, step 2) described in the disposal route of pretreatment sample liquid be: will choose fruits and vegetables sample surfaces wiped clean, be chopped into the square fragment of 2cm, sample thief 2g, put into extraction flask, add 10ml phosphate buffer, put into ultrasonic extraction apparatus, ultrasonic extraction 3min, pour out extract and leave standstill 2min, for subsequent use.
7. method described in claim 5, is characterized in that, change in impedance value formula is described in step 4): rate of change=| A
1-A
2|/A
1.
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Application publication date: 20140723 |