CN103940719A - Coal body permeability characteristic testing system and method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a coal body permeability characteristic testing system, comprising an electronic universal testing machine, a permeability characteristic testing device, a vibration detection device, a first gas system, a confining pressure hydraulic system and a computer; It is composed of the simulation mechanism of the surrounding environment of the roadside. The simulation mechanism of the roadside includes baffles, air-permeable plates, coal and rock samples and U-shaped ferrules; the simulation mechanism of the surrounding environment of the roadway includes a base, a cylinder, a lower pressure head, and an upper semi-concave pressure head. , upper semi-convex pressure head and piston; the first gas gas system includes the first gas tank, the first pressure reducing valve and the first air pressure gauge; the confining pressure hydraulic system includes confining pressure liquid tank, hydraulic pump, one-way valve, confining pressure Hydraulic pressure gauge and confining pressure fluid overflow valve; the invention also provides a coal body permeability test method. The invention has controllable axial pressure, confining pressure and gas pressure, can test the gas permeation characteristics of the coal rock mass at the roadside and the coal rock mass deep in the mine affected by the disturbance, and has high test accuracy.

Description

A test system and method for coal permeability characteristics

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of research on permeability characteristics of coal rock mass, and in particular relates to a coal mass permeability characteristic testing system and method.

Background technique

The permeability characteristics of coal and rock mass are the basis for the study of coal and gas outburst and water inrush in mines during underground mining, so it is of great engineering significance to study the permeability characteristics of coal and rock mass. Scholars at home and abroad mostly conduct research on the permeability characteristics of coal and rock mass through laboratory tests. The tests can be divided into two categories: the first is to test the liquid permeability characteristics of coal and rock mass by means of liquid infiltration flow measurement; The first type is to test the gas permeability characteristics of coal and rock mass by measuring the flow rate of gas infiltration. The test methods for the liquid permeability characteristics test and gas permeability characteristics test of coal and rock mass are divided into two types: one is to test the gas permeability characteristics of coal and rock mass: one is to test the gas permeability characteristics of coal and rock mass. Under normal circumstances, the flow rate of the fluid permeating through the coal and rock mass is measured, that is, the steady state method; because the gas pressure on the side of the roadside coal rock mass exposed in the roadway is atmospheric pressure, and the internal gas pressure is stable at a certain value, the steady state method mainly It is used to test the permeability characteristics of the coal and rock mass of the roadside; the other is to measure the relationship between the flow rate of the fluid permeating through the coal and rock mass with respect to time during the pressure difference change process, that is, the transient method; due to the coal and rock mass in the deep mine Internal gas often migrates along the internal cracks and pores of coal and rock due to the existence of gas pressure difference, and because the pressure difference decreases during the migration process, the migration speed and flow rate change, so the transient method is mainly used for mine The permeability characteristics of deep coal and rock mass were tested.

At present, the technology for testing the liquid permeability characteristics of coal and rock mass using the steady-state method and the transient method is relatively mature, but the technology for testing the gas permeability characteristics of coal-rock mass using the steady-state method and the transient method is still in the research and development stage. There are the following defects and deficiencies: (1) Although the triaxial seepage test of gas can be realized, the confining pressure in the triaxial seepage test cannot be controlled, and the data of confining pressure factors cannot be provided for engineers and technicians, so engineers and technicians also It is impossible to study the influence of confining pressure on the gas permeability test of coal and rock mass; but at different depths of the mine, the confining pressure of coal and rock mass is different, and the gas permeability of coal and rock mass will also be different due to the different confining pressure. (2) In the uniaxial seepage test and triaxial seepage test of gas, the influence of disturbance factors was not considered, but the coal rock mass under the mine is often affected by different degrees of disturbance due to factors such as tunneling and coal mining. , and then the evolution and distribution of the internal cracks in the coal-rock mass change, which leads to changes in the seepage characteristics of the coal-rock mass, thereby changing the laws of gas gushing out of the coal-rock mass, so the study of disturbance factors is of great importance to the permeability characteristics of the coal-rock mass practical significance.

Contents of the invention

The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a coal permeability characteristic test system with simple structure, convenient assembly, convenient operation, and controllable axial pressure, confining pressure and gas pressure in view of the above-mentioned deficiencies in the prior art.

In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a coal permeability characteristic testing system, characterized in that it includes an electronic universal testing machine, a permeability characteristic testing device, a vibration detection device, a first gas system, a confining pressure A hydraulic system and a computer, the penetration characteristic testing device is centrally placed on the base of the electronic universal testing machine, and the electronic universal testing machine is connected with the computer;

The permeability characteristic test device is composed of a roadside simulation mechanism and a roadside surrounding environment simulation mechanism. The roadway simulation mechanism includes a baffle plate, a ventilating plate, a coal rock sample and a U-shaped ferrule that are sequentially connected. The baffle plate, The air-permeable plate, the coal rock sample and the U-shaped ferrule are wound and fixed as a whole by electrical tape. The outer wall of the U-shaped ferrule is provided with a scale, and the U-shaped ferrule is connected with a vent pipe. A vent valve and a gas flow meter are connected, and a paperless recorder is connected to the gas flow meter, and the paperless recorder is connected to a computer. The middle part is provided with a second air intake channel connected with the first air intake channel, and radial ventilation holes are arranged around the second air intake channel on the air-permeable plate; the surrounding environment simulation mechanism of the roadside includes a base, The cylinder barrel fixedly connected to the top of the base and the cylinder cover fixedly connected to the top of the cylinder barrel, the side wall of the middle part of the cylinder barrel is provided with an insertion hole for the sidewall simulation mechanism to be inserted into, and the middle position of the top of the base is A groove is provided, and a lower indenter is placed in the groove, and an upper semi-concave indenter, an upper semi-convex indenter and a piston are sequentially arranged directly above the lower indenter, and the piston passes through The cylinder cover, and the middle position of the cylinder cover is provided with a through hole for the piston to pass through, and the middle part of the piston located outside the cylinder cover is provided with an annular protrusion, and the piston is sleeved with a disturbance ring located on the upper part of the annular protrusion , the vibration detection probe of the vibration detection device is placed on the surface of the piston located outside the cylinder cover, the upper end surface of the piston is located directly below the indenter of the electronic universal testing machine, and the gangway simulation mechanism is obtained from the The insertion hole of the roadside simulation mechanism is inserted into the cylinder, and the coal rock sample is aligned between the upper end surface of the lower indenter and the lower end surface of the upper semi-concave indenter, and the U-shaped ferrule is snapped and connected to the roadside simulation The mechanism is inserted into the hole; the base is provided with a third air inlet passage and a gas inlet connected with the third air inlet passage, and the lower pressure head is provided with a fourth air inlet passage connected with the third air inlet passage. channel, the fourth air intake channel communicates with the first air intake channel through the first gas transmission pipeline; the base is provided with a confining pressure liquid inflow channel that communicates with the inner space of the cylinder, and the side of the base A confining pressure fluid inlet connected to the inflow channel of the confining pressure fluid is provided, an exhaust port is provided on the side of the cylinder, and an exhaust port plug is connected to the exhaust port;

The first methane gas system includes a first methane gas tank, the gas outlet of the first methane gas tank is connected to the gas inlet through a second gas transmission pipeline, and a first decompression device is provided on the second gas transmission pipeline. valve and first air pressure gauge;

The confining pressure hydraulic system includes a confining pressure fluid tank and a confining pressure fluid inflow pipe connected to the confining pressure fluid tank at one end, the other end of the confining pressure fluid inflow pipe is connected to the confining pressure fluid inlet, and the confining pressure fluid inflow pipe A hydraulic pump and a one-way valve are connected to it, and a section of the confining pressure fluid inflow pipe between the hydraulic pump and the one-way valve is connected to a confining pressure fluid overflow pipe, and the confining pressure fluid overflow pipe is connected to a confining pressure hydraulic pressure Force gauge and confining pressure fluid overflow valve, a section of confining pressure fluid inflow pipe between the one-way valve and confining pressure fluid inlet is connected with confining pressure fluid return pipe, and confining pressure fluid return pipe is connected with confining pressure fluid return valve.

The above-mentioned coal permeability testing system is characterized in that it includes a second gas system, the second gas system includes a second gas tank, and the gas outlet of the second gas tank passes through the third gas The transmission pipeline is connected with the ventilation pipe, and a second pressure reducing valve and a second air pressure gauge are arranged on the third gas transmission pipeline.

The above-mentioned coal permeability characteristic testing system is characterized in that: between the base and the lower indenter, between the base and the cylinder, between the cylinder and the cylinder cover, between the upper semi-concave indenter and the upper semi-convex indenter There are sealing rings between the heads, between the U-shaped ferrule and the cylinder, and between the cylinder cover and the piston; the cylinder is fixedly connected to the top of the base by the second bolt, and the cylinder cover is fixedly connected by the third bolt At the top of the cylinder; one end of the first gas transmission pipeline is connected to the first air intake channel through the first quick joint, and the other end of the first gas transmission pipeline is connected to the fourth air intake channel through the second quick joint The channels are connected.

The above-mentioned coal permeability characteristic testing system is characterized in that: the shape of the outer contour of the cylinder, the shape of the outer contour of the lower pressure head, the shape of the outer contour of the coal rock sample, the shape of the outer contour of the U-shaped ferrule and the shape of the upper The shape of the outer contour of the lower part of the semi-concave indenter is cuboid, the length of the coal rock sample is equal to the length of the lower indenter and the length of the lower part of the upper semi-concave indenter, and the width of the coal rock sample is equal to the length of the lower indenter. Width, the width of the U-shaped ferrule is equal to the width of the lower part of the upper semi-concave indenter, the height of the coal rock sample is equal to the height of the outer contour of the U-shaped ferrule; the lower surface of the annular protrusion and the lower end surface of the piston The distance between them plus the total height of the combined upper semi-concave indenter and upper semi-convex indenter is greater than the distance between the upper end surface of the cylinder cover and the upper end surface of the lower indenter.

The above-mentioned coal permeability characteristic test system is characterized in that: the vibration detection device is an ultra-dynamic signal test and analysis system modeled as DH5960.

The above-mentioned coal permeability characteristic testing system is characterized in that: the third gas transmission pipeline is connected to the ventilation pipe through a third quick joint.

The present invention also provides a method for testing coal permeability characteristics based on the steady-state method under the influence of disturbances with simple method steps and high test accuracy, which is characterized in that the method includes the following steps:

Step 1. Assembling the test system for coal permeability characteristics, the specific process is:

Step 101: Winding and fixing the baffle plate, ventilation plate, coal rock sample and the U-shaped ferrule that are connected in sequence into a whole by electrical tape, and combined into a roadside simulation mechanism;

Step 102, place the lower pressure head in the groove, connect the fourth air intake channel with the third air intake channel, and connect one end of the first gas transmission pipeline to the fourth air intake channel;

Step 103, fixing the cylinder to the top of the base;

Step 104. Insert the end of the roadside simulation mechanism with the baffle plate into the insertion hole of the roadside simulation mechanism, and make the coal and rock samples align with the lower pressure head by observing the scale set on the outer wall of the U-shaped ferrule on the upper end face;

Step 105, connecting the other end of the first gas delivery pipeline to the first air intake channel;

Step 106, aligning and placing the upper semi-concave indenter on the upper end surface of the coal rock sample, and placing the upper semi-convex indenter on top of the upper semi-concave indenter;

Step 107, passing the piston through the through hole provided in the middle of the cylinder cover, and fixing the cylinder cover on the top of the cylinder, while ensuring that the center of the piston is aligned with the center of the upper semi-convex indenter;

Step 108, fitting the disturbance ring on the piston at the position above the annular protrusion;

Step 109, connecting the second gas delivery pipeline to the gas inlet;

Step 1010, connecting the confining pressure fluid inflow pipe to the confining pressure fluid inlet;

Step 1011, connect the electronic universal testing machine to the computer, and center the penetration characteristic testing device assembled in steps 101 to 108 on the base of the electronic universal testing machine, and make the upper end surface of the piston located in the electronic universal testing machine. Just below the pressure head of the machine;

Step 2. Load axial pressure on the coal rock sample: On the computer, open the pre-installed electronic universal testing machine software, operate the electronic universal testing machine software to start the electronic universal testing machine, and set the pressure head of the electronic universal testing machine to press down The speed parameter and pressure parameter of the piston, the indenter of the electronic universal testing machine presses down the piston according to the set speed parameter until the pressure parameter displayed in the electronic universal testing machine software reaches the set pressure parameter;

Step 3, load the confining pressure on the coal rock sample: remove the vent plug connected to the vent, open the vent, open the liquid inlet switch of the confining pressure fluid overflow valve, open the confining pressure hydraulic system, and The confining pressure fluid in the pressure fluid tank is pressurized by the second hydraulic pump and flows into the cylinder through the confining pressure fluid inflow pipe and the confining pressure fluid inlet. When the confining pressure fluid flows out of the exhaust port, connect the exhaust port plug to the On the exhaust port, close the exhaust port;

Step 4: Load gas pressure on the coal rock sample: firstly, open the ventilation valve, then open the switch of the first decompression valve, open the first gas system, and the gas in the first gas tank passes through the first After the decompression valve is decompressed, it enters the first air intake channel and the second air intake channel through the second gas transmission pipeline and the gas inlet, and enters the ventilation hole;

Step 5. Detect the flow rate of gas permeated by the coal rock sample under the influence of the disturbance. The specific process is as follows:

Step 501, place the vibration detection probe of the vibration detection device on the surface of the piston outside the cylinder cover, and turn on the vibration detection device;

Step 502, start the paperless recorder;

Step 503: Lift the disturbance ring and release it again, so that the disturbance ring freely falls from the height along the piston to impact the ring-shaped protrusion, forming an impact disturbance on the coal and rock samples; during the disturbance process, the vibration detection device produces The vibration intensity is detected and stored. At the same time, the gas flowmeter detects the gas flow in real time through the coal rock sample and penetrates into the U-shaped ferrule and flows into the ventilation pipe, and outputs the detected flow data Q to the paperless recorder. The paperless recorder records the flow data Q detected by the gas flow meter in real time and transmits the flow data Q to the computer in real time;

Step 504, the computer receives the flow data Q transmitted by the paperless recorder in real time, and draws a curve of the flow data Q changing with time t.

The present invention also provides a method for testing coal permeability characteristics based on the transient method under the influence of disturbance with simple method steps and high test accuracy, which is characterized in that the method includes the following steps:

Step 1. Assembling the test system for coal permeability characteristics, the specific process is:

Step 101: Winding and fixing the baffle plate, ventilation plate, coal rock sample and the U-shaped ferrule that are connected in sequence into a whole by electrical tape, and combined into a roadside simulation mechanism;

Step 102, place the lower pressure head in the groove, connect the fourth air intake channel with the third air intake channel, and connect one end of the first gas transmission pipeline to the fourth air intake channel;

Step 103, fixing the cylinder to the top of the base;

Step 104. Insert the end of the roadside simulation mechanism with the baffle plate into the insertion hole of the roadside simulation mechanism, and make the coal and rock samples align with the lower pressure head by observing the scale set on the outer wall of the U-shaped ferrule on the upper end face;

Step 105, connecting the other end of the first gas delivery pipeline to the first air intake channel;

Step 106, aligning and placing the upper semi-concave indenter on the upper end surface of the coal rock sample, and placing the upper semi-convex indenter on top of the upper semi-concave indenter;

Step 107, passing the piston through the through hole provided in the middle of the cylinder cover, and fixing the cylinder cover on the top of the cylinder, while ensuring that the center of the piston is aligned with the center of the upper semi-convex indenter;

Step 108, fitting the disturbance ring on the piston at the position above the annular protrusion;

Step 109, connecting the second gas delivery pipeline to the gas inlet;

Step 1010, connecting the confining pressure fluid inflow pipe to the confining pressure fluid inlet;

Step 1011, connecting the third gas transmission pipeline to the ventilation pipe;

Step 1012, connect the electronic universal testing machine to the computer, and center the penetration characteristic testing device assembled in steps 101 to 108 on the base of the electronic universal testing machine, and make the upper end surface of the piston located in the electronic universal testing machine. Just below the pressure head of the machine;

Step 2. Load axial pressure on the coal rock sample: On the computer, open the pre-installed electronic universal testing machine software, operate the electronic universal testing machine software to start the electronic universal testing machine, and set the pressure head of the electronic universal testing machine to press down The speed parameter and pressure parameter of the piston, the indenter of the electronic universal testing machine presses down the piston according to the set speed parameter until the pressure parameter displayed in the electronic universal testing machine software reaches the set pressure parameter;

Step 3, load the confining pressure on the coal rock sample: remove the vent plug connected to the vent, open the vent, open the liquid inlet switch of the confining pressure fluid overflow valve, open the confining pressure hydraulic system, and The confining pressure fluid in the pressure fluid tank is pressurized by the second hydraulic pump and flows into the cylinder through the confining pressure fluid inflow pipe and the confining pressure fluid inlet. When the confining pressure fluid flows out of the exhaust port, connect the exhaust port plug to the On the exhaust port, close the exhaust port;

Step 4: Load gas pressure on the coal rock sample: first, open the ventilation valve, then open the switch of the first pressure reducing valve and the switch of the second pressure reducing valve, and open the first gas system and the second pressure reducing valve. Gas system, and adjust the first pressure reducing valve and the second pressure reducing valve, so that the gas pressure displayed on the first air gauge and the second air pressure gauge are equal and both are a ₁ MPa, the gas gas in the first gas gas tank After being decompressed by the first decompression valve, it enters the first air intake passage and the second air intake passage through the second gas transmission pipeline and the gas inlet, and enters the ventilation hole, and the gas in the second gas gas tank passes through the first After decompression by the second pressure reducing valve, enter the U-shaped ferrule through the third gas transmission pipeline and the ventilation pipe; after 5 to 10 minutes, close the switch of the first pressure reducing valve and the switch of the second pressure reducing valve; wherein, a The value range of ₁ is 0.5MPa～0.7MPa;

Step 5. Detect the flow rate of gas permeated by the coal rock sample under the influence of the disturbance. The specific process is as follows:

Step 501, place the vibration detection probe of the vibration detection device on the surface of the piston outside the cylinder cover, and turn on the vibration detection device;

Step 502, start the paperless recorder;

Step 503, open the switch of the first pressure reducing valve and adjust the first pressure reducing valve so that the gas pressure displayed on the first air gauge is a ₂ MPa, after 10-20 seconds, close the switch of the first pressure reducing valve; wherein , a ₂ >a ₁ and the value range of a ₂ -a ₁ is 0.3MPa～0.6MPa;

Step 504, lift the disturbance ring and release it, so that the disturbance ring freely falls from the height along the piston to impact the ring-shaped protrusion, forming an impact disturbance on the coal and rock samples; during the disturbance process, the vibration detection device produces The vibration intensity is detected and stored; the gas flowmeter detects in real time the flow of gas gas that penetrates into the U-shaped ferrule through the coal rock sample and flows into the ventilation pipe, and outputs the detected flow data Q to the paperless recorder. The paperless recorder records the flow data Q detected by the gas flow meter in real time and transmits the flow data Q to the computer in real time;

Step 505, the computer receives the flow data Q transmitted by the paperless recorder in real time, and draws a curve of the flow data Q changing with time t.

The above-mentioned method is characterized in that: in the step 102, before placing the lower pressure head in the groove, first put a sealing ring in the groove; in the step 103, the cylinder barrel is fixedly connected to the base Before the top, put the sealing ring on the top of the base; in the step 104, before inserting the end of the gangway simulation mechanism with the baffle plate into the insertion hole of the gangway simulation mechanism, the Insert the sealing ring into the hole; before placing the upper semi-convex pressure head on the top of the upper semi-concave pressure head in the step 106, put the sealing ring in the upper semi-concave pressure head; in the step 107 Before the piston is passed through the through hole arranged at the middle position of the cylinder cover, a sealing ring is first placed in the through hole arranged at the middle position of the cylinder cover; in the step 107, the cylinder cover is fixedly connected to the cylinder top Before, put the sealing ring on the top of the cylinder; in the step 103, the cylinder is fixedly connected to the top of the base using the second bolt; in the step 107, the cylinder cover is fixedly connected to the top of the cylinder by using the third bolt .

The above-mentioned method is characterized in that: the speed parameter of the pressure head of the electronic universal testing machine set in the step 2 is 0.4mm/min～0.6mm/min, and the electronic universal testing machine set in the step 2 The pressure parameter of the pressure head of the testing machine to press down the piston is 3MPa～5MPa.

Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

1. The coal permeability characteristic testing system of the present invention is simple in structure, easy to assemble, and convenient to use and operate.

2. The permeability testing device of the present invention is composed of a tunnel side simulation mechanism and a tunnel side surrounding environment simulation mechanism, and is combined with an electronic universal testing machine, a permeability testing device, a vibration detection device, the first gas system, and the second gas system. , confining pressure hydraulic system and computer are used together, not only can the steady-state method test the gas seepage characteristics of coal rock mass under the influence of disturbance under the premise that the axial pressure, confining pressure and gas pressure are controllable, but also the coal rock mass of roadside (The measured gas pressure of the roadside coal and rock mass exposed in the roadway is atmospheric pressure, and the internal gas pressure is stable at a certain value) to test the gas permeability characteristics affected by disturbance; it can also control the axial pressure, confining pressure and gas pressure Under the premise of the disturbance, the transient method is used to measure the gas seepage characteristics of coal and rock mass, and the gas permeability characteristics of the coal and rock mass in the deep mine are tested by disturbance; the data recorded by the experiment can be provided to engineering and technical personnel, which can provide engineering It provides a basis for technicians to study the influence of confining pressure on the gas permeability characteristics of coal and rock mass, and can provide experimental evidence for engineers and technicians to study the influence of disturbance factors on the gas permeability characteristics of coal and rock mass.

3. The ventilation plate of the present invention is provided with radial ventilation channels around the second air intake channel, and the gas gas can pressurize the gas surface of the coal and rock samples through the ventilation channels on the ventilation plate, and the pressurization effect is good, which can Realistically simulate the effect of coal mine gas pressure on coal and rock mass.

4. The outer wall of the U-shaped ferrule of the present invention is provided with a scale. By observing the scale arranged on the outer wall of the U-shaped ferrule, the coal and rock samples can be aligned on the upper end surface of the lower pressure head, and the electronic universal test can be performed. The pressure head of the machine accurately loads the coal rock sample with axial pressure through the piston, which helps to improve the accuracy of the test of coal permeability characteristics.

5. When the present invention is used, the vibration intensity and disturbance time generated by the disturbance can be recorded to provide a basis for studying the influence of the vibration intensity and disturbance time generated by the disturbance on the permeability characteristics of the coal body.

6. The present invention has complete functions, strong practicability, good use effect, and is convenient for popularization and use.

In summary, the design of the present invention is reasonable, easy to implement, and the axial pressure, confining pressure and gas pressure are controllable, and can test the gas permeability characteristics of the roadside coal rock mass and the coal rock mass deep in the mine affected by disturbance, High test accuracy, complete functions and strong practicability.

The technical solutions of the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of Embodiment 2 of the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of the permeability testing device of the present invention.

Explanation of reference signs:

1—baffle; 2—ventilation plate; 3—coal rock sample;

4—U-shaped ferrule; 5—the first air intake channel; 6—the second air intake channel;

7—ventilation channel; 8—base; 9—cylinder barrel;

10—canister cover; 11—lower pressure head; 12—upper semi-convex pressure head;

13—piston; 14—the third intake channel; 15—gas inlet;

16—the fourth air intake channel; 17—the first gas transmission pipeline;

18—confining pressure fluid inflow channel; 19—confining pressure fluid inlet; 20—exhaust port;

21—exhaust port plug; 22—the first gas tank;

23—the second gas transmission pipeline; 24—the first pressure reducing valve;

25—the first air pressure gauge; 26—the confining pressure fluid tank; 27—the confining pressure fluid inflow pipe;

28—hydraulic pump; 29—confining pressure fluid overflow pipe; 30—confining pressure hydraulic pressure gauge;

31—Confining pressure fluid overflow valve; 32—Confining pressure fluid return pipe; 33—Confining pressure fluid return valve;

34—ventilation pipe; 35—breather valve; 36—annular protrusion;

37—disturbance ring; 38—second gas tank; 39—upper half concave pressure head;

40—electronic universal testing machine; 41—penetration characteristics testing device;

42—computer; 43—one-way valve; 44—sealing ring;

45—the second bolt; 46—the third bolt;

47—the third gas transmission pipeline; 48—the second pressure reducing valve;

49—second barometer; 50—vibration detection device; 51—gas flow meter;

52—Paperless recorder.

Detailed ways

Example 1

As shown in Figures 1 and 3, a coal permeability testing system of the present invention includes an electronic universal testing machine 40, a permeability testing device 41, a vibration detection device 50, a first gas system, a confining pressure hydraulic system and Computer 42, described penetrating property testing device 41 is centered and placed on the base of electronic universal testing machine 40, and described electronic universal testing machine 40 joins with computer 42;

The permeability characteristic testing device 41 is composed of a roadside simulation mechanism and a roadside surrounding environment simulation mechanism. The roadside simulation mechanism includes a baffle plate 1, a ventilating plate 2, a coal rock sample 3 and a U-shaped ferrule 4 which are butted in sequence, The baffle plate 1, the vent plate 2, the coal rock sample 3 and the U-shaped ferrule 4 are wound and fixed as a whole by electrical tape, the outer wall of the U-shaped ferrule 4 is provided with a scale, and the U-shaped ferrule 4 A vent pipe 34 is connected to the vent pipe 34, and a vent valve 35 and a gas flow meter 51 are connected to the vent pipe 34. A paperless recorder 52 is connected to the gas flow meter 51, and the paperless recorder 52 is connected to the computer 42. Next, the middle part of the baffle plate 1 is provided with a first air intake channel 5, the middle part of the air-permeable plate 2 is provided with a second air-intake channel 6 communicating with the first air intake channel 5, and the air-permeable plate 2 is located on the second Radial air vents 7 are arranged around the two air intake passages 6; the surrounding environment simulation mechanism of the lane includes a base 8, a cylinder 9 fixedly connected to the top of the base 8 and a cylinder cover 10 fixedly connected to the top of the cylinder 9 , the side wall of the middle part of the cylinder 9 is provided with an insertion hole for the sidewall simulation mechanism to be inserted into, and a groove is arranged at the middle position of the top of the base 8, and a lower pressure head 11 is placed in the groove , the top of the lower pressure head 11 is provided with an upper semi-concave pressure head 39, an upper semi-convex surface pressure head 12 and a piston 13 in sequence from bottom to top, and the piston 13 passes through the cylinder cover 10, and the middle of the cylinder cover 10 The position is provided with a through hole for the piston 13 to pass through, and the middle part of the piston 13 located outside the cylinder cover 10 is provided with an annular protrusion 36, and the piston 13 is sleeved with a disturbance ring 37 located on the upper part of the annular protrusion 36, The vibration detection probe of the vibration detection device 50 is placed on the surface of the piston 13 outside the cylinder cover 10, the upper end surface of the piston 13 is located directly below the indenter of the electronic universal testing machine 40, and the side of the road is The simulation mechanism is inserted into the cylinder barrel 9 through the insertion hole of the roadside simulation mechanism, and the coal rock sample 3 is aligned between the upper end surface of the lower pressure head 11 and the lower end surface of the upper semi-concave pressure head 39, and the U-shaped ferrule 4 snap-connected in the insertion hole of the gangway simulation mechanism; the base 8 is provided with a third air intake channel 14 and a gas inlet 15 communicating with the third air intake channel 14, and the lower pressure head 11 is provided with There is a fourth air intake channel 16 that communicates with the third air intake channel 14, and the fourth air intake channel 16 communicates with the first air intake channel 5 through the first gas transmission pipeline 17; There is a confining pressure fluid inflow channel 18 communicating with the inner space of the cylinder 9, the side of the base 8 is provided with a confining pressure fluid inlet 19 communicating with the confining pressure fluid inflow channel 18, and the side of the cylinder 9 is provided with a drain An air port 20, an air outlet plug 21 is connected to the air outlet 20;

The first methane gas system includes a first methane gas tank 22, the gas outlet of the first methane gas tank 22 is connected to the gas inlet 15 through a second gas transmission pipeline 23, on the second gas transmission pipeline 23 A first decompression valve 24 and a first air pressure gauge 25 are provided;

The confining pressure hydraulic system includes a confining pressure fluid tank 26 and a confining pressure fluid inflow pipe 27 connected to the confining pressure fluid tank 26 at one end, the other end of the confining pressure fluid inflow pipe 27 is connected to the confining pressure fluid inlet 19, the A hydraulic pump 28 and a one-way valve 43 are connected to the confining pressure fluid inflow pipe 27, and a confining pressure fluid overflow pipe 29 is connected to a section of confining pressure fluid inflow pipe 27 between the hydraulic pump 28 and the one-way valve 43. A confining pressure fluid pressure gauge 30 and a confining pressure fluid overflow valve 31 are connected to the confining pressure fluid overflow pipe 29, and a confining pressure fluid inflow pipe 27 between the one-way valve 43 and the confining pressure fluid inlet 19 is connected to a confining pressure fluid overflow pipe 29. A pressure fluid return pipe 32 . A confining pressure fluid return valve 33 is connected to the confining pressure fluid return pipe 32 .

In this embodiment, between the base 8 and the lower indenter 11, between the base 8 and the cylinder 9, between the cylinder 9 and the cylinder cover 10, between the upper semi-concave indenter 39 and the upper semi-convex indenter 12 between the U-shaped ferrule 4 and the cylinder 9, and between the cylinder cover 10 and the piston 13; the cylinder 9 is fixedly connected to the top of the base 8 through the second bolt 45; 10 is fixedly connected to the top of the cylinder 9 through the third bolt 46; one end of the first gas transmission pipeline 17 is connected to the first intake passage 5 through the first quick joint, and the first gas transmission pipeline 17 The other end is connected to the fourth air intake channel 16 through the second quick connector.

In this embodiment, the shape of the outer contour of the cylinder 9, the shape of the outer contour of the lower pressure head 11, the shape of the outer contour of the coal rock sample 3, the shape of the outer contour of the U-shaped ferrule 4 and the lower part of the upper semi-concave pressure head 39 The shape of the outer contour is cuboid, and the length of the coal rock sample 3 is equal to the length of the lower pressure head 11 and the length of the lower part of the upper semi-concave pressure head 39, and the width of the coal rock sample 3 is equal to that of the lower pressure head 11. Width, the width of the U-shaped ferrule 4 is equal to the width of the lower part of the upper semi-concave indenter 39, the height of the coal rock sample 3 is equal to the height of the outer contour of the U-shaped ferrule 4; the lower surface of the annular protrusion 36 The distance between the lower end surface of the piston 13 plus the combined height of the upper semi-concave indenter 39 and the upper semi-convex indenter 12 is greater than the distance between the upper end surface of the cylinder cover 10 and the upper end surface of the lower indenter 11 , it can ensure that the ring-shaped protrusion 36 does not touch the cylinder cover 10 when the pressing head 11 of the electronic universal testing machine 40 presses down the piston 13 .

In this embodiment, the vibration detection device 50 is an ultra-dynamic signal test and analysis system modeled as DH5960.

A method for testing coal permeability characteristics using a coal permeability characteristic testing system in this embodiment includes the following steps:

Step 1. Assembling the test system for coal permeability characteristics, the specific process is:

Step 101, the baffle plate 1, the ventilation plate 2, the coal rock sample 3 and the U-shaped ferrule 4 that are butted in sequence are fixed as a whole by electrical tape, and combined into a roadside simulation mechanism;

Step 102, placing the lower pressure head 11 in the groove, and connecting the fourth intake passage 16 with the third intake passage 14, and connecting one end of the first gas delivery pipeline 17 to the fourth intake passage. On the air channel 16;

Step 103, fixing the cylinder 9 on the top of the base 8;

Step 104. Insert the end of the roadside simulation mechanism with the baffle plate 1 into the insertion hole of the roadside simulation mechanism, and by observing the scale set on the outer wall of the U-shaped ferrule 4, align the coal rock sample 3 at the The upper end face of the lower pressure head 11; in practice, the distance from the center of the base 8 to the side of the side of the cylinder 9 with the insertion hole of the sidewalk simulation mechanism is known to be l ₁ , and the length of the coal rock sample 3 is known. Half is l ₂ , and the distance l from the side of the U-shaped ferrule 4 extending into the inner side of the cylinder 9 to the side of the side of the cylinder 9 with the insertion hole of the roadside simulation mechanism can be calculated by the formula l=l ₁ -l ₂ , and the distance l can be known by observing the scale arranged on the outer wall of the U-shaped ferrule 4;

Step 105, connecting the other end of the first gas delivery pipeline 17 to the first air intake channel 5;

Step 106, aligning and placing the upper semi-concave indenter 39 on the upper end surface of the coal rock sample 3, and placing the upper semi-convex indenter 12 on top of the upper semi-concave indenter 39;

Step 107, pass the piston 13 through the through hole provided in the middle of the cylinder cover 10, and fix the cylinder cover 10 on the top of the cylinder 9, while ensuring that the center of the piston 13 is aligned with the center of the upper semi-convex pressure head 12 just;

Step 108, set the disturbance ring 37 on the piston 13 at the position above the annular protrusion 36;

Step 109, connecting the second gas delivery pipeline 23 to the gas inlet 15;

Step 1010, connecting the confining pressure fluid inflow pipe 27 to the confining pressure fluid inlet 19;

Step 1011, connect the electronic universal testing machine 40 with the computer 42, and center the penetration characteristic testing device 41 assembled in steps 101 to 108 on the base of the electronic universal testing machine 40, and make the upper end surface of the piston 13 in the Directly below the indenter of the electronic universal testing machine 40;

Step 2, load the axial pressure on the coal rock sample 3: on the computer 42, open the pre-installed electronic universal testing machine software, operate the electronic universal testing machine software to start the electronic universal testing machine 40, and set the electronic universal testing machine 40 The speed parameter and the pressure parameter of the pressure head pressing down the piston 13, the pressure head of the electronic universal testing machine 40 presses down the piston 13 according to the set speed parameter, until the pressure parameter displayed in the electronic universal testing machine software reaches the set pressure parameter ;By setting the pressure parameters of the piston 13 under the pressure head of the different electronic universal testing machine 40, the adjustment of the axial pressure can be realized;

Step 3, load the confining pressure on the coal rock sample 3: remove the vent plug 21 connected to the vent 20, open the vent 20, open the inlet switch of the confining pressure liquid overflow valve 31, and open the In the confining pressure hydraulic system, the confining pressure fluid in the confining pressure fluid tank 26 is pressurized by the second hydraulic pump 37 and flows into the cylinder 9 through the confining pressure fluid inflow pipe 27 and the confining pressure fluid inlet 19. When the pressure fluid flows out, connect the exhaust port plug 21 to the exhaust port 20, and close the exhaust port 20; by operating the confining pressure fluid overflow valve 31, the confining pressure can be adjusted;

Step 4: Load gas pressure on the coal rock sample 3: first, open the vent valve 35, then open the switch of the first pressure reducing valve 24, open the first gas system, and the gas in the first gas tank 22 After the gas is decompressed by the first decompression valve 24, it enters the first air intake channel 5 and the second air intake channel 6 through the second gas transmission line 23 and the gas inlet 15, and enters the ventilation hole 7; by operating the first The pressure reducing valve 24 can realize the adjustment of the gas pressure;

Step 5. Detect the gas flow rate permeated by the coal rock sample 3 under the influence of the disturbance. The specific process is as follows:

Step 501, place the vibration detection probe of the vibration detection device 50 on the surface of the piston 13 outside the cylinder cover 10, and turn on the vibration detection device 50;

Step 502, start the paperless recorder 52;

Step 503, lift the disturbance ring 37 and release it again, so that the disturbance ring 37 freely falls from the height along the piston 13 to impact the ring-shaped protrusion 36, forming an impact disturbance on the coal rock sample 3; during the disturbance process, the vibration The detection device 50 detects and stores the vibration intensity generated by the disturbance. At the same time, the gas flow meter 51 detects the flow of gas gas that penetrates into the U-shaped ferrule 4 through the coal rock sample 3 and flows into the ventilation pipe 34 in real time and calculates the result. The detected flow data Q is output to the paperless recorder 52, and the paperless recorder 52 records the flow data Q detected by the gas flowmeter 51 in real time and transmits the flow data Q to the computer 42 in real time;

Step 504, the computer 42 receives the flow data Q transmitted by the paperless recorder 52 in real time, and draws a curve of the flow data Q changing with time t.

In addition, the disturbance time can also be recorded in the experiment, which provides a basis for studying the influence of the vibration intensity and disturbance time generated by the disturbance on the permeability characteristics of the coal body.

During specific implementation, in the step 102, before placing the lower pressure head 11 in the groove, put the sealing ring 44 in the groove; in the step 103, the cylinder 9 is fixedly connected to the base Before the top, put the sealing ring 44 on the top of the base 8; in the step 104, before inserting the end of the gangway simulation mechanism with the baffle plate 1 into the insertion hole of the gangway simulation mechanism, put Put the sealing ring 44 into the hole to help the simulation mechanism; in the step 106, before placing the upper semi-convex pressure head 12 on the top of the upper semi-concave pressure head 39, put the sealing ring in the upper semi-concave pressure head 39 44; in the step 107, before the piston 13 is passed through the through hole arranged at the middle position of the cartridge cover 10, first put the sealing ring 44 in the through hole arranged at the middle position of the cartridge cover 10; the step In 107, before the cylinder cover 10 is fixedly connected to the top of the cylinder 9, the sealing ring 44 is first placed on the top of the cylinder 9; in the step 103, the cylinder 9 is fixedly connected to the top of the base 8 by using the second bolt 45; In the step 107, the third bolt 46 is used to securely connect the cylinder cover 10 to the top of the cylinder 9 . The speed parameter of the pressure head of the electronic universal testing machine 40 set in the step 2 to press down the piston 13 is 0.4mm/min～0.6mm/min, and the pressure head of the electronic universal testing machine 40 set in the step 2 The pressure parameter of the downward pressure piston 13 is 3MPa˜5MPa.

This method is essentially a steady-state method for measuring the gas seepage characteristics of coal and rock masses under the influence of disturbances, and is mainly used to test the gas permeability characteristics of roadside coal and rock masses affected by disturbances.

Example 2

As shown in Figure 2, the difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 is that the present invention also includes a second methane gas system, and the second methane gas system includes a second methane gas tank 38, and the second methane gas tank 38 The gas outlet of the gas outlet is connected to the ventilation pipe 34 through the third gas transmission pipeline 47, and the second pressure reducing valve 48 and the second air pressure gauge 49 are arranged on the third gas transmission pipeline 47. Specifically, the third gas transmission pipeline 47 is connected to the vent pipe 34 through a third quick connector. All the other structures are the same as in Example 1.

The method for testing the permeability characteristics of a coal body under the influence of a disturbance by using a coal permeability characteristic testing system in this embodiment includes the following steps:

Step 1. Assembling the test system for coal permeability characteristics, the specific process is:

Step 101, the baffle plate 1, the ventilation plate 2, the coal rock sample 3 and the U-shaped ferrule 4 that are butted in sequence are fixed as a whole by electrical tape, and combined into a roadside simulation mechanism;

Step 102, placing the lower pressure head 11 in the groove, and connecting the fourth intake passage 16 with the third intake passage 14, and connecting one end of the first gas delivery pipeline 17 to the fourth intake passage. On the air channel 16;

Step 103, fixing the cylinder 9 on the top of the base 8;

Step 104. Insert the end of the roadside simulation mechanism with the baffle plate 1 into the insertion hole of the roadside simulation mechanism, and by observing the scale set on the outer wall of the U-shaped ferrule 4, align the coal rock sample 3 at the The upper end face of the lower pressure head 11; in practice, the distance from the center of the base 8 to the side of the side of the cylinder 9 with the insertion hole of the sidewalk simulation mechanism is known to be l ₁ , and the length of the coal rock sample 3 is known. Half is l ₂ , and the distance l from the side of the U-shaped ferrule 4 extending into the inner side of the cylinder 9 to the side of the side of the cylinder 9 with the insertion hole of the roadside simulation mechanism can be calculated by the formula l=l ₁ -l ₂ , and the distance l can be known by observing the scale arranged on the outer wall of the U-shaped ferrule 4;

Step 105, connecting the other end of the first gas delivery pipeline 17 to the first air intake channel 5;

Step 106, aligning and placing the upper semi-concave indenter 39 on the upper end surface of the coal rock sample 3, and placing the upper semi-convex indenter 12 on top of the upper semi-concave indenter 39;

Step 107, pass the piston 13 through the through hole provided in the middle of the cylinder cover 10, and fix the cylinder cover 10 on the top of the cylinder 9, while ensuring that the center of the piston 13 is aligned with the center of the upper semi-convex pressure head 12 just;

Step 108, set the disturbance ring 37 on the piston 13 at the position above the annular protrusion 36;

Step 109, connecting the second gas delivery pipeline 23 to the gas inlet 15;

Step 1010, connecting the confining pressure fluid inflow pipe 27 to the confining pressure fluid inlet 19;

Step 1011, connecting the third gas delivery pipeline 47 to the ventilation pipe 34;

Step 1012, connect the electronic universal testing machine 40 with the computer 42, and center the penetration characteristic testing device 41 assembled in steps 101 to 108 on the base of the electronic universal testing machine 40, and make the upper end surface of the piston 13 in the Directly below the indenter of the electronic universal testing machine 40;

Step 2, load the axial pressure on the coal rock sample 3: on the computer 42, open the pre-installed electronic universal testing machine software, operate the electronic universal testing machine software to start the electronic universal testing machine 40, and set the electronic universal testing machine 40 The speed parameter and the pressure parameter of the pressure head pressing down the piston 13, the pressure head of the electronic universal testing machine 40 presses down the piston 13 according to the set speed parameter, until the pressure parameter displayed in the electronic universal testing machine software reaches the set pressure parameter ;By setting the pressure parameters of the piston 13 under the pressure head of the different electronic universal testing machine 40, the adjustment of the axial pressure can be realized;

Step 3, load the confining pressure on the coal rock sample 3: remove the vent plug 21 connected to the vent 20, open the vent 20, open the inlet switch of the confining pressure liquid overflow valve 31, and open the In the confining pressure hydraulic system, the confining pressure fluid in the confining pressure fluid tank 26 is pressurized by the second hydraulic pump 37 and flows into the cylinder 9 through the confining pressure fluid inflow pipe 27 and the confining pressure fluid inlet 19. When the pressure fluid flows out, connect the exhaust port plug 21 to the exhaust port 20, and close the exhaust port 20; by operating the confining pressure fluid overflow valve 31, the confining pressure can be adjusted;

Step 4, load the gas pressure on the coal rock sample 3: first, open the vent valve 35, then open the switch of the first pressure reducing valve 24 and the switch of the second pressure reducing valve 48, open the first gas system and The second gas system, and adjust the first pressure reducing valve 24 and the second pressure reducing valve 48, so that the gas pressures displayed on the first air pressure gauge 25 and the second air pressure gauge 49 are equal and both are a ₁ MPa. The gas in a gas tank 22 is decompressed by the first decompression valve 24 and then enters the first air intake passage 5 and the second air intake passage 6 through the second gas transmission pipeline 23 and the gas inlet 15, and enters the air-permeable In the tunnel 7, the gas in the second gas tank 38 is decompressed by the second pressure reducing valve 48 and enters the U-shaped ferrule 4 through the third gas transmission pipeline 47 and the ventilation pipe 34; after 5 to 10 minutes, Close the switch of the first decompression valve 24 and the switch of the second decompression valve 48; wherein, the value range of _a1 is 0.5MPa～0.7MPa; The adjustment of the gas pressure in the U-shaped ferrule 4 can be adjusted by operating the second pressure reducing valve 48;

Step 5. Detect the gas flow rate permeated by the coal rock sample 3 under the influence of the disturbance. The specific process is as follows:

Step 501, place the vibration detection probe of the vibration detection device 50 on the surface of the piston 13 outside the cylinder cover 10, and turn on the vibration detection device 50;

Step 502, start the paperless recorder 52;

Step 503, open the switch of the first pressure reducing valve 24 and adjust the first pressure reducing valve 24, so that the gas pressure displayed on the first air gauge 25 is a ₂ MPa, after 10-20 seconds, close the first pressure reducing valve 24 switch; wherein, a ₂ >a ₁ and the value range of a ₂ -a ₁ is 0.3MPa～0.6MPa;

Step 504, lift the disturbance ring 37 and release it again, so that the disturbance ring 37 freely falls from the height along the piston 13 to impact the ring-shaped protrusion 36, forming an impact disturbance on the coal rock sample 3; during the disturbance process, the vibration The detection device 50 detects and stores the vibration intensity generated by the disturbance; the gas flow meter 51 detects in real time the flow of gas gas that penetrates through the coal rock sample 3 into the U-shaped ferrule 4 and flows into the ventilation pipe 34, and detects the The flow data Q output to the paperless recorder 52, the paperless recorder 52 records the flow data Q detected by the gas flow meter 51 in real time and transmits the flow data Q to the computer 42 in real time;

Step 505 , the computer 42 receives the flow data Q transmitted by the paperless recorder 52 in real time, and draws a curve of the flow data Q changing with time t.

During specific implementation, in the step 102, before placing the lower pressure head 11 in the groove, put the sealing ring 44 in the groove; in the step 103, the cylinder 9 is fixedly connected to the base Before the top, put the sealing ring 44 on the top of the base 8; in the step 104, before inserting the end of the gangway simulation mechanism with the baffle plate 1 into the insertion hole of the gangway simulation mechanism, put Put the sealing ring 44 into the hole to help the simulation mechanism; in the step 106, before placing the upper semi-convex pressure head 12 on the top of the upper semi-concave pressure head 39, put the sealing ring in the upper semi-concave pressure head 39 44; in the step 107, before the piston 13 is passed through the through hole arranged at the middle position of the cartridge cover 10, first put the sealing ring 44 in the through hole arranged at the middle position of the cartridge cover 10; the step In 107, before the cylinder cover 10 is fixedly connected to the top of the cylinder 9, the sealing ring 44 is first placed on the top of the cylinder 9; in the step 103, the cylinder 9 is fixedly connected to the top of the base 8 by using the second bolt 45; In the step 107, the third bolt 46 is used to securely connect the cylinder cover 10 to the top of the cylinder 9 . The speed parameter of the pressure head of the electronic universal testing machine 40 set in the step 2 to press down the piston 13 is 0.4mm/min～0.6mm/min, and the pressure head of the electronic universal testing machine 40 set in the step 2 The pressure parameter of the downward pressure piston 13 is 3MPa˜5MPa.

This method is essentially a transient method for measuring the gas seepage characteristics of coal and rock mass under the influence of disturbance, and is mainly used to test the gas permeability characteristics of coal and rock mass in deep mines affected by disturbance.

The above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and do not limit the present invention in any way. All simple modifications, changes and equivalent structural changes made to the above embodiments according to the technical essence of the present invention still belong to the technical aspects of the present invention. within the scope of protection of the scheme.

Claims (10)

1. A coal body permeability testing system, characterized in that it includes an electronic universal testing machine (40), a permeability testing device (41), a vibration detection device (50), a first gas system, a confining pressure hydraulic system and A computer (42), the penetration characteristic testing device (41) is centrally placed on the base of the electronic universal testing machine (40), and the electronic universal testing machine (40) is connected to the computer (42); The permeability characteristic testing device (41) is composed of a roadside simulation mechanism and a roadside surrounding environment simulation mechanism, and the roadway simulation mechanism includes a baffle plate (1), a ventilation plate (2), a coal rock sample (3 ) and U-shaped ferrule (4), the baffle (1), air-permeable plate (2), coal rock sample (3) and U-shaped ferrule (4) are wound and fixed as a whole by electrical tape, and the U The outer wall of the U-shaped ferrule (4) is provided with a scale, and the U-shaped ferrule (4) is connected with a vent pipe (34), and the vent pipe (34) is connected with a vent valve (35) and a gas flow meter (51), the gas flow meter (51) is connected with a paperless recorder (52), the paperless recorder (52) is connected with the computer (42), and the middle part of the baffle (1) is provided with The first air intake passage (5), the second air intake passage (6) communicated with the first air intake passage (5) is provided in the middle of the breathable plate (2), and the breathable plate (2) is located on the second air intake passage (6). Radial ventilation holes (7) are arranged around the two air intake passages (6); the surrounding environment simulation mechanism of the roadside includes a base (8), a cylinder (9) fixedly connected to the top of the base (8) and a fixed The cylinder cover (10) connected to the top of the cylinder (9), the side wall of the middle part of the cylinder (9) has an insertion hole for the side wall simulation mechanism for the side wall of the side wall to be inserted into, and the middle part of the top of the base (8) A groove is provided at the position, and a lower pressure head (11) is placed in the groove, and an upper half concave pressure head (39), an upper half concave pressure head (39) and an upper half The convex indenter (12) and the piston (13), the piston (13) passes through the cylinder cover (10), and the middle position of the cylinder cover (10) is provided with a through hole for the piston (13) to pass through. The middle part of the piston (13) outside the cylinder cover (10) is provided with an annular protrusion (36), and the piston (13) is covered with a disturbance ring (37) located on the upper part of the annular protrusion (36). The vibration detection probe of the vibration detection device (50) is placed on the surface of the piston (13) outside the cylinder cover (10), and the upper end surface of the piston (13) is located at the indenter of the electronic universal testing machine (40) directly below the side of the road, the side of the road simulation mechanism is inserted into the cylinder (9) through the hole of the side of the side of the side of the road, and the coal rock sample (3) is aligned on the upper end surface of the lower pressure head (11) and the upper semi-concave surface Between the lower end surfaces of the indenters (39), the U-shaped ferrule (4) is snapped and connected in the insertion hole of the gangway simulation mechanism; the base (8) is provided with a third air intake channel (14) and a gas inlet (15) communicated with the third intake channel (14), a fourth intake channel (16) communicated with the third intake channel (14) is provided on the lower pressure head (11), The fourth air intake channel (16) communicates with the first air intake channel (5) through the first gas transmission pipeline (17); the base (8) is provided with a The confining pressure fluid inflow channel (18) is connected, and the side of the base (8) is provided with a confining pressure fluid inlet (19) communicating with the confining pressure fluid inflow channel (18). ), the side of the cylinder (9) is provided with an exhaust port (20), and the exhaust port (20) is connected with an exhaust port plug (21); The first gas system includes a first gas tank (22), the gas outlet of the first gas tank (22) is connected to the gas inlet (15) through a second gas transmission pipeline (23), the The second gas transmission pipeline (23) is provided with a first pressure reducing valve (24) and a first air pressure gauge (25); The confining pressure hydraulic system includes a confining pressure fluid tank (26) and a confining pressure fluid inflow pipe (27) connected to the confining pressure fluid tank (26) at one end, and the other end of the confining pressure fluid inflow pipe (27) is connected to the confining pressure fluid The pressure fluid inlet (19) is connected, the hydraulic pump (28) and the one-way valve (43) are connected to the confining pressure fluid inflow pipe (27), and the hydraulic pump (28) and the one-way valve (43) are located A confining pressure fluid inflow pipe (27) is connected with a confining pressure fluid overflow pipe (29), and the confining pressure fluid overflow pipe (29) is connected with a confining pressure fluid pressure gauge (30) and a confining pressure fluid overflow pipe (29). Valve (31), a section of confining pressure fluid inflow pipe (27) between the one-way valve (43) and confining pressure fluid inlet (19) is connected with confining pressure fluid return pipe (32), and the confining pressure fluid returns The pipe (32) is connected with a confining pressure fluid return valve (33). 2. A coal permeability testing system according to claim 1, characterized in that it includes a second gas system, the second gas system includes a second gas tank (38), the second The gas outlet of the gas tank (38) is connected to the vent pipe (34) through the third gas transmission line (47), and the third gas transmission line (47) is provided with a second pressure reducing valve (48) and Second barometer (49). 3. A coal permeability testing system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: between the base (8) and the lower pressure head (11), between the base (8) and the cylinder (9) between the cylinder (9) and the cylinder cover (10), between the upper semi-concave indenter (39) and the upper semi-convex indenter (12), between the U-shaped ferrule (4) and the cylinder (9) A sealing ring (44) is provided between the cylinder cover (10) and the piston (13); the cylinder (9) is fixedly connected to the top of the base (8) by the second bolt (45), and the cylinder The cover (10) is fixedly connected to the top of the cylinder (9) through the third bolt (46); one end of the first gas transmission pipeline (17) is connected to the first air intake channel (5) through the first quick joint , the other end of the first gas transmission pipeline (17) is connected to the fourth gas inlet channel (16) through a second quick connector. 4. A test system for coal permeability characteristics according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the shape of the outer contour of the cylinder (9), the shape of the outer contour of the lower pressure head (11), the shape of the coal rock sample (3) The shape of the outer contour, the shape of the outer contour of the U-shaped ferrule (4) and the shape of the lower outer contour of the upper semi-concave indenter (39) are all cuboid, and the length of the coal rock sample (3) is the same as that of the lower part. The length of the indenter (11) is equal to the length of the lower part of the upper semi-concave indenter (39), and the width of the coal rock sample (3) is the same as the width of the lower indenter (11) and the width of the U-shaped ferrule (4). It is equal to the width of the lower part of the upper semi-concave indenter (39), the height of the coal rock sample (3) is equal to the height of the outer contour of the U-shaped ferrule (4); the lower surface of the annular protrusion (36) is the same as The distance between the lower end surfaces of the pistons (13) plus the total height of the assembled upper semi-concave pressure head (39) and upper semi-convex pressure head (12) is greater than the upper end surface of the cylinder cover (10) to the lower pressure head ( 11) The distance between the upper end faces. 5. A test system for coal permeability characteristics according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the vibration detection device (50) is an ultra-dynamic signal test and analysis system modeled as DH5960. 6. A coal permeability testing system according to claim 2, characterized in that: the third gas transmission pipeline (47) is connected to the ventilation pipe (34) through a third quick connector. 7. A method of utilizing the device as claimed in claim 1 to carry out coal permeability characteristic testing, characterized in that the method may further comprise the steps: Step 1. Assembling the test system for coal permeability characteristics, the specific process is: Step 101. Wrap and fix the baffle plate (1), air-permeable panel (2), coal rock sample (3) and the U-shaped ferrule (4) connected in sequence as a whole by electrical tape, and combine them into a roadside simulation mechanism ; Step 102, place the lower pressure head (11) in the groove, connect the fourth air intake channel (16) with the third air intake channel (14), and connect the first gas transmission pipeline (17 ) is connected to the fourth air intake channel (16); Step 103, fixing the cylinder (9) on the top of the base (8); Step 104. Insert the end of the roadside simulation mechanism with the baffle (1) into the insertion hole of the roadside simulation mechanism, and observe the scale set on the outer wall of the U-shaped ferrule (4) to make the coal rock sample (3) Alignment is located on the upper end surface of the lower pressure head (11); Step 105, connecting the other end of the first gas transmission pipeline (17) to the first air intake channel (5); Step 106, aligning and placing the upper semi-concave indenter (39) on the upper end surface of the coal rock sample (3), and placing the upper semi-convex indenter (12) on top of the upper semi-concave indenter (39); Step 107. Pass the piston (13) through the through hole set in the middle of the cylinder cover (10), and fix the cylinder cover (10) on the top of the cylinder (9), while ensuring that the center of the piston (13) Align with the center of the upper semi-convex pressure head (12); Step 108, set the disturbance ring (37) on the piston (13) at the position above the annular protrusion (36); Step 109, connecting the second gas transmission pipeline (23) to the gas inlet (15); Step 1010, connecting the confining pressure fluid inflow pipe (27) to the confining pressure fluid inlet (19); Step 1011, connect the electronic universal testing machine (40) with the computer (42), and center the penetration characteristic testing device (41) assembled in steps 101 to 108 on the base of the electronic universal testing machine (40), And the upper end surface of the piston (13) is located directly below the pressure head of the electronic universal testing machine (40); Step 2. Apply axial pressure to the coal sample (3): on the computer (42), open the pre-installed electronic universal testing machine software, operate the electronic universal testing machine software to start the electronic universal testing machine (40), and set The pressure head of the electronic universal testing machine (40) presses down the speed parameter and pressure parameter of the piston (13), and the pressure head of the electronic universal testing machine (40) presses down the piston (13) according to the set speed parameter until it is displayed on the electronic screen. The pressure parameter in the universal testing machine software reaches the set pressure parameter; Step 3. Apply confining pressure to the coal rock sample (3): remove the vent plug (21) connected to the vent (20), open the vent (20), and open the confining pressure fluid overflow valve ( 31) to open the hydraulic system of the confining pressure, the confining pressure fluid in the confining pressure fluid tank (26) is pressurized by the second hydraulic pump (37) and then flows into the pipe (27) and the confining pressure fluid through the confining pressure fluid The liquid inlet (19) flows into the cylinder (9). When the confining pressure fluid flows out of the exhaust port (20), connect the exhaust port plug (21) to the exhaust port (20), and close the exhaust port ( 20); Step 4: Load gas pressure on the coal rock sample (3): firstly, open the ventilation valve (35), then open the switch of the first decompression valve (24), open the first gas system, the first gas The gas in the gas tank (22) is decompressed by the first decompression valve (24) and then enters the first air intake channel (5) and the second air intake channel (5) through the second gas transmission pipeline (23) and the gas inlet (15). into the air channel (6) and into the vent hole (7); Step 5. Detect the gas flow rate permeated by the coal rock sample (3) under the influence of the disturbance. The specific process is as follows: Step 501, place the vibration detection probe of the vibration detection device (50) on the surface of the piston (13) outside the cylinder cover (10), and turn on the vibration detection device (50); Step 502, start the paperless recorder (52); Step 503. Lift the disturbance ring (37) and release it, so that the disturbance ring (37) freely falls from a height along the piston (13) to impact the ring-shaped protrusion (36), forming a pair of coal rock samples (3 ) impact disturbance; during the disturbance process, the vibration detection device (50) detects and stores the vibration intensity generated by the disturbance. ) and the gas flow flowing into the vent pipe (34) is detected in real time and the detected flow data Q is output to the paperless recorder (52), and the paperless recorder (52) records the gas flow meter (51) in real time ) detects the flow data Q and transmits the flow data Q to the computer in real time (42); Step 504, the computer (42) receives the flow data Q transmitted by the paperless recorder (52) in real time, and draws a curve of the flow data Q changing with time t. 8. A method of utilizing the device as claimed in claim 2 to carry out coal permeability characteristic testing, characterized in that the method may further comprise the steps: Step 1. Assembling the test system for coal permeability characteristics, the specific process is: Step 101. Wrap and fix the baffle plate (1), air-permeable panel (2), coal rock sample (3) and the U-shaped ferrule (4) connected in sequence as a whole by electrical tape, and combine them into a roadside simulation mechanism ; Step 102, place the lower pressure head (11) in the groove, connect the fourth air intake channel (16) with the third air intake channel (14), and connect the first gas transmission pipeline (17 ) is connected to the fourth air intake channel (16); Step 103, fixing the cylinder (9) on the top of the base (8); Step 104. Insert the end of the roadside simulation mechanism with the baffle (1) into the insertion hole of the roadside simulation mechanism, and observe the scale set on the outer wall of the U-shaped ferrule (4) to make the coal rock sample (3) Alignment is located on the upper end surface of the lower pressure head (11); Step 105, connecting the other end of the first gas transmission pipeline (17) to the first air intake channel (5); Step 106, aligning and placing the upper semi-concave indenter (39) on the upper end surface of the coal rock sample (3), and placing the upper semi-convex indenter (12) on top of the upper semi-concave indenter (39); Step 107. Pass the piston (13) through the through hole set in the middle of the cylinder cover (10), and fix the cylinder cover (10) on the top of the cylinder (9), while ensuring that the center of the piston (13) Align with the center of the upper semi-convex pressure head (12); Step 108, set the disturbance ring (37) on the piston (13) at the position above the annular protrusion (36); Step 109, connecting the second gas transmission pipeline (23) to the gas inlet (15); Step 1010, connecting the confining pressure fluid inflow pipe (27) to the confining pressure fluid inlet (19); Step 1011, connecting the third gas transmission pipeline (47) to the ventilation pipe (34); Step 1012, connect the electronic universal testing machine (40) with the computer (42), and center the penetration characteristic testing device (41) assembled in steps 101 to 108 on the base of the electronic universal testing machine (40), And the upper end surface of the piston (13) is located directly below the pressure head of the electronic universal testing machine (40); Step 2. Apply axial pressure to the coal sample (3): on the computer (42), open the pre-installed electronic universal testing machine software, operate the electronic universal testing machine software to start the electronic universal testing machine (40), and set The pressure head of the electronic universal testing machine (40) presses down the speed parameter and pressure parameter of the piston (13), and the pressure head of the electronic universal testing machine (40) presses down the piston (13) according to the set speed parameter until it is displayed on the electronic screen. The pressure parameter in the universal testing machine software reaches the set pressure parameter; Step 3. Apply confining pressure to the coal rock sample (3): remove the vent plug (21) connected to the vent (20), open the vent (20), and open the confining pressure fluid overflow valve ( 31) to open the hydraulic system of the confining pressure, the confining pressure fluid in the confining pressure fluid tank (26) is pressurized by the second hydraulic pump (37) and then flows into the pipe (27) and the confining pressure fluid through the confining pressure fluid The liquid inlet (19) flows into the cylinder (9). When the confining pressure fluid flows out of the exhaust port (20), connect the exhaust port plug (21) to the exhaust port (20), and close the exhaust port ( 20); Step 4: Apply gas pressure to the coal rock sample (3): first, open the ventilation valve (35), then open the switch of the first pressure reducing valve (24) and the switch of the second pressure reducing valve (48), and turn on The first gas system and the second gas system, and adjust the first pressure reducing valve (24) and the second pressure reducing valve (48), so that the first air pressure gauge (25) and the second air pressure gauge ( The gas pressures shown on 49) are equal and are all a ₁ MPa. The gas in the first gas tank (22) is decompressed by the first pressure reducing valve (24) and then passes through the second gas transmission pipeline (23) and The gas inlet (15) enters the first air intake channel (5) and the second air intake channel (6), and enters the vent hole (7), and the gas in the second gas tank (38) passes through the second After the pressure valve (48) is decompressed, enter the U-shaped ferrule (4) through the third gas transmission pipeline (47) and the ventilation pipe (34); after 5 to 10 minutes, close the first pressure reducing valve (24) switch and the switch of the second pressure reducing valve (48); wherein, the value range of a ₁ is 0.5MPa～0.7MPa; Step 5. Detect the gas flow rate permeated by the coal rock sample (3) under the influence of the disturbance. The specific process is as follows: Step 501, place the vibration detection probe of the vibration detection device (50) on the surface of the piston (13) outside the cylinder cover (10), and turn on the vibration detection device (50); Step 502, start the paperless recorder (52); Step 503: Turn on the switch of the first pressure reducing valve (24) and adjust the first pressure reducing valve (24) so that the gas pressure displayed on the first pressure gauge (25) is a ₂ MPa, after 10-20 seconds, close it The switch of the first pressure reducing valve (24); wherein, a ₂ >a ₁ and the value range of a ₂ -a ₁ is 0.3MPa～0.6MPa; Step 504, lift the disturbance ring (37) and release it, so that the disturbance ring (37) freely falls from a height along the piston (13) to impact the ring-shaped protrusion (36), forming a pair of coal rock samples (3 ) impact disturbance; during the disturbance process, the vibration detection device (50) detects and stores the vibration intensity generated by the disturbance; the gas flow meter (51) penetrates into the U-shaped ferrule (4) through the coal rock sample (3) And the flow of gas flowing into the ventilation pipe (34) is detected in real time and the detected flow data Q is output to the paperless recorder (52), and the paperless recorder (52) records the gas flowmeter (51) detection in real time The received traffic data Q and the real-time transmission of the traffic data Q to the computer (42); Step 505, the computer (42) receives the flow data Q transmitted by the paperless recorder (52) in real time, and draws a curve of the flow data Q changing with time t. 9. The method according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that: in the step 102, before placing the lower pressing head (11) in the groove, first put the sealing ring (44) in the groove ); in the step 103, before the cylinder (9) is fixedly connected to the top of the base (8), put the sealing ring (44) on the top of the base (8); in the step 104, the Before inserting one end of the simulation mechanism with the baffle (1) into the insertion hole of the tunnel simulation mechanism, put a sealing ring (44) in the insertion hole of the tunnel simulation mechanism; Before the convex indenter (12) is placed on the top of the upper half concave indenter (39), put the sealing ring (44) in the upper half concave indenter (39); in the step 107, the piston (13) Put the sealing ring (44) in the through hole provided at the middle position of the cylinder cover (10) before passing through the through hole provided at the middle position of the cylinder cover (10); in the step 107, put the cylinder Before the cover (10) is fixedly connected to the top of the cylinder (9), put the sealing ring (44) on the top of the cylinder (9); in the step 103, the cylinder (9) is fixedly connected to the top of the base (8) The second bolt (45) is used; in the step 107, the cylinder cover (10) is fixedly connected to the top of the cylinder (9) by using the third bolt (46). 10. The method according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that: the speed parameter of the pressure head of the electronic universal testing machine (40) set in the step 2 to press down the piston (13) is 0.4mm/min～ 0.6mm/min, the pressure parameter of the pressure head of the electronic universal testing machine (40) to press down the piston (13) set in the step 2 is 3MPa-5MPa.