CN107101896A - A kind of lower gravel medium microscopical structure of osmotic pressure mutation develops experimental provision and method - Google Patents
A kind of lower gravel medium microscopical structure of osmotic pressure mutation develops experimental provision and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN107101896A CN107101896A CN201710428282.9A CN201710428282A CN107101896A CN 107101896 A CN107101896 A CN 107101896A CN 201710428282 A CN201710428282 A CN 201710428282A CN 107101896 A CN107101896 A CN 107101896A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
- G01N3/10—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces generated by pneumatic or hydraulic pressure
- G01N3/12—Pressure testing
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/08—Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface area of porous materials
- G01N15/082—Investigating permeability by forcing a fluid through a sample
- G01N15/0826—Investigating permeability by forcing a fluid through a sample and measuring fluid flow rate, i.e. permeation rate or pressure change
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0014—Type of force applied
- G01N2203/0016—Tensile or compressive
- G01N2203/0019—Compressive
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/003—Generation of the force
- G01N2203/0042—Pneumatic or hydraulic means
- G01N2203/0048—Hydraulic means
Abstract
Experimental provision and method are developed the invention discloses a kind of lower gravel medium microscopical structure of osmotic pressure mutation, including bogey, osmotic pressure mutation device, uniaxial loading system and TT＆C system, bogey includes base, right column, left column and back timber, left column and right column are each attached on base, and back timber is enclosed on left column and right column by connecting hole and fixed by the first nut and the second nut；The first block for transmitting pressure and the second block for transmitting pressure are provided with the bogey, first block for transmitting pressure is provided with inlet opening, the lower end of inlet opening is provided with the first permeable disk and the first dynamic water-pressure sensor, second block for transmitting pressure is provided with apopore, and the upper end of apopore is provided with the second permeable disk and the second dynamic water-pressure sensor.The situation of osmotic pressure mutation can be realized in laboratory, and the situation of change of gravel medium microscopical structure in this case can be observed, the lower gravel medium microscopical structure development law of osmotic pressure mutation and pore pressure changing rule are finally given, theory support is provided to successive projects practice.
Description
Technical field
Experimental provision and method are developed the present invention relates to a kind of rock mesostructure, specifically a kind of lower gravel of osmotic pressure mutation
Medium microscopical structure develops experimental provision and method.
Background technology
Sandy gravel stratum generally existing in the coal measure strata in China mine of western (such as Shaanxi, Ningxia, Inner Mongol and Xinjiang).By
In sandy gravel stratum diagenesis is poor, degree of consolidation is low, particle difference is big, the adverse effect for the factors such as watery is strong, water-couple of force
The bulk strength in the lower sandy gravel stratum tunnel of cooperation, stability are relatively low.And frequent, irregular coal mine excavation engineering activity is to enclosing
The disturbing influence of rock seepage field is very notable, often causes fluid field pressure, state to undergo mutation and the production of rock soil medium microscopical structure
Raw mutation, destruction, and then it is paroxysmal non-linear to cause sandy gravel stratum tunnelling and viability that roof fall, landslide etc. occur often
Large deformation disaster accident, grave danger is caused to mine construction and safety in production.Therefore, rich water sandy gravel stratum roadway surrounding rock is oozing
Microscopical structure evolution process under the conditions of pressure mutation and Seepage-stress coupling becomes to study the emphasis of surrounding rock failure Failure Mechanism.
It is laboratory experiment to study one of osmotic pressure mutation lower the directly perceived of gravel medium microscopical structure evolution process, effective way,
But presently relevant laboratory apparatus, equipment also have many defects, so that can not successfully carry out experimental study.It is main
Show as：One is that the seepage water pressure that experimental provision applies is generally constant head, varying head or injection and determines hydraulic pressure, and nothing
Method realizes the moment controllable raising of the osmotic pressure during normal Seepage Experiment, does not simulate the pressure condition of flow field change.Two are
Using traditional pressure chamber structure and monitoring means, it is impossible to the microscopical structure evolution process under gravel medium hydraulic coupling action
Progress is intuitively observed in real time.Three be that variation monitoring effect is undesirable in short-term for gravel sample two ends hydraulic pressure, senser element sensitivity
Relatively low, journey continuous capturing ability is not enough in short-term for pressure value.Therefore existing instrument and equipment is seen in real time in osmotic pressure mutation loading, microscopical structure
There is technical problem in terms of survey, therefore, had a strong impact on the lower gravel medium microscopical structure evolution process experiment of osmotic pressure mutation
Research.
The content of the invention
Drilled in view of the above-mentioned problems of the prior art, the present invention provides a kind of lower gravel medium microscopical structure of osmotic pressure mutation
Become experimental provision and method, the situation of osmotic pressure mutation can be realized in laboratory, and gravel medium in this case can be observed
The situation of change of microscopical structure, finally gives the lower gravel medium microscopical structure development law of osmotic pressure mutation and pore pressure changing rule,
Theory support is provided to follow-up engineering practice.
To achieve these goals, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is：A kind of lower gravel medium of osmotic pressure mutation carefully sees knot
Structure develops experimental provision, including bogey, osmotic pressure mutation device, uniaxial loading system and TT＆C system, and bogey includes
Base, right column, left column and back timber, left column and right column are each attached on base, and back timber is enclosed on left vertical by connecting hole
Fixed respectively on post and right column and by the first nut and the second nut；
The first block for transmitting pressure and the second block for transmitting pressure are provided with the bogey, the first block for transmitting pressure is provided with inlet opening, water inlet
The lower end in hole be provided with the first permeable disk and the first dynamic water-pressure sensor, the second block for transmitting pressure be provided with apopore, apopore it is upper
End is provided with the second permeable disk and the second dynamic water-pressure sensor, and the lower end of apopore is connected by pipeline with pond, apopore and
Pipeline between pond is provided with the second valve and flowmeter；
The osmotic pressure mutation device includes cross bar, left branch leg, right supporting leg, release, the axis of guide, cylinder barrel and impact block, left
The lower end of supporting leg and right supporting leg is fixed on cylinder barrel, and the upper end of left branch leg and right supporting leg is equipped with U-shaped fork structure, the sidepiece of cylinder barrel
Provided with feed water inlet and gap, the position of feed water inlet is higher than the position of gap, and cylinder barrel bottom is connected with one end of accumulator, is stored
The other end of hydrophone is connected by pipeline with the inlet opening of the first block for transmitting pressure, is provided with the pipeline between accumulator and inlet opening
First valve, cross bar is fixed on the upper end of the axis of guide, and impact block is slidably enclosed on the axis of guide, and the lower end of the axis of guide is provided with cut-off
Head, the length of the cross bar is more than the air line distance between left branch leg and right supporting leg, and the release includes positioning screw, activity
Body, rotating seat, turning arm and rotary shaft, mobile are enclosed on right supporting leg and fixed by positioning screw, and rotating seat is fixed on work
The side of kinetoplast, rotary shaft is arranged on rotating seat, and one end of the turning arm is flexibly connected by rotary shaft with rotating seat, rotation
The other end of pivoted arm is bifurcation structure, and the axis of guide is in bifurcation structure；
The uniaxial loading system include oil sources, loading cylinder, accumulator, the first reversal valve, the second reversal valve, pressure gauge and
Mangneto displacement transducer, loading cylinder is embedded in base, and mangneto displacement transducer is arranged on loading cylinder, loads the oil inlet of cylinder
It is divided to two oil circuits to be connected with oil sources with oil-out, the accumulator is connected between loading cylinder and oil sources on one of oil circuit,
The pressure gauge and the second reversal valve are arranged at and on accumulator identical oil circuit, the first reversal valve is arranged on another oil circuit
On；
The TT＆C system include control device, lifting platform, high-speed camera instrument and Microexamination device, high-speed camera instrument and
Microexamination device is arranged on lifting platform, control device and high-speed camera instrument, mangneto displacement transducer, pressure gauge, the first dynamic
Hydraulic pressure sensor, the second dynamic water-pressure sensor and oil sources connection.
Further, in addition to protective door, protective door is arranged on the sidepiece of bogey, and the protective door is seen provided with transparent
Examine window.
Further, in addition to triggering device, triggering device is cased with spring by triggering knob, resetting shaft and spring, resetting shaft
And be supported in the rotating seat, one end of resetting shaft stretches out rotating seat and supports turning arm, and resetting shaft is provided with limiting tooth, rotation
Stopper slot corresponding with limiting tooth is provided with swivel base, triggering knob is fixed on the end of resetting shaft.
Further, the control device is microcomputer.
Further, the axis of guide is provided with scale.
A kind of lower gravel medium microscopical structure of osmotic pressure mutation develops the experimental method of experimental provision, concretely comprises the following steps：
A, the gravel sample prepared fastened using the collar, then the second permeable disk and the second Dynamic Water are installed in its lower end
Upper end after pressure sensor with the second block for transmitting pressure is sealed by high-elastic sealing ring, the upper end of gravel sample install the first permeable disk and
Lower end after first dynamic water-pressure sensor with the first block for transmitting pressure is sealed by high-elastic sealing ring, forms test assembly；
B, by test assembly lower end with loading cylinder upper-end contact, test assembly upper end contacted with back timber, top
Beam is spacing to back timber by the first nut and the second nut；
C, by osmotic pressure be mutated device, uniaxial loading system and TT＆C system connection after, complete whole device connection procedure；
D, open the first valve and the second valve is supplied water by feed water inlet into cylinder barrel up to the water level in cylinder barrel reach it is excessive
The position at the mouth of a river stops, observing on whole pipeline each joint whether leak, relevant position is carried out if having seepage secondary close
Envelope, completes the sealing propertytest to whole supply channel, and close the first valve and the second valve if without leak；
E, make uniaxial loading system starts, loading cylinder applies pressure by the second block for transmitting pressure to gravel sample, is applying
The maximum of loading speed and setting that control device passes through mangneto displacement transducer and pressure gauge control pressure during plus-pressure
Pressure value, reaches and pressurize is carried out after the maximum pressure value of setting；Now carry out determine head permeability test, the first valve of opening and the
After two valves, water in cylinder barrel flows into gravel sample by pipeline with constant current from the inlet opening of the first block for transmitting pressure, and from
The apopore of second block for transmitting pressure flows out gravel sample and enters pond after flowmeter, is according to seepage law after flowmeter is stable
The permeability parameters of gravel medium under the axial compressive force can be obtained；
F, impact block is placed on turning arm end after waterflow stabilization permeates, it is that rotary shaft drives rotation to open triggering device
Pivoted arm is rotated down, and now impact block drops down onto the water in cylinder barrel impact cylinder barrel along under the axis of guide, makes infiltration hydraulic pressure from low pressure wink
Between be mutated to high pressure, and then detected in real time in permeable disk by the first dynamic water-pressure sensor and the second dynamic water-pressure sensor
Hydraulic pressure value situation of change passes to control device, while high-speed camera instrument records gravel sample by Microexamination device in real time
Modified-image simultaneously passes to control device；
Feed water inlet and the first valve are closed after G, completion experiment, the second valve is closed when anhydrous inflow pond, passes through and survey
Control system and uniaxial loading system are unloaded to gravel sample, are finally opened protective door and are taken out gravel sample, close oil sources and observing and controlling
System；
H, the pressure value loaded by gravel sample microscopical structure image, hydraulic pressure force data and the sample of collection are divided
Analyse and be depicted as curve map, it is final to obtain the lower gravel medium microscopical structure development law of osmotic pressure mutation and pore pressure changing rule.
Compared with prior art, the present invention is using bogey, osmotic pressure mutation device, uniaxial loading system and TT＆C system
Mode is combined, uniaxial tension loading is carried out to gravel sample by uniaxial loading system, then can carry out determining the infiltration of head
Experiment, and then hydraulic pressure abrupt transients are made by osmotic pressure mutation device, so as to realize the situation of osmotic pressure mutation in laboratory, and lead to
The situation of change that gravel medium microscopical structure in this case can be observed in TT＆C system is crossed, the lower gravel of osmotic pressure mutation is finally given
Medium microscopical structure development law and pore pressure changing rule, theory support is provided to follow-up engineering practice.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is overall structure diagram of the invention；
Fig. 2 is gravel sample scheme of installation of the invention；
Fig. 3 is mutated device front view for the osmotic pressure of the present invention；
Fig. 4 is Fig. 3 right view；
Fig. 5 is Fig. 3 A-A cross section views；
Fig. 6 is rotating seat and triggering device front view of the invention；
Fig. 7 is Fig. 6 left-hand sectional view；
In figure：1st, bogey；11st, base；12nd, right column；13rd, left column；14th, back timber；15th, the first nut；16th,
Two nuts；17th, protective door；18th, transparent windows；2nd, osmotic pressure mutation device；21st, cross bar；22nd, left branch leg；23rd, right supporting leg；24、
Release；25th, the axis of guide；26th, cylinder barrel；27th, feed water inlet；28th, gap；29th, impact block；3rd, uniaxial loading system；31st, it is oily
Source；32nd, cylinder is loaded；33rd, accumulator；34th, the first reversal valve；35th, the second reversal valve；36th, pressure gauge；37th, mangneto displacement sensing
Device；41st, the first block for transmitting pressure；42nd, inlet opening；43rd, the first permeable disk；44th, the first dynamic water-pressure sensor；45th, high-elastic sealing ring；
46th, the collar；47th, gravel sample；48th, the second permeable disk；49th, the second dynamic water-pressure sensor；50th, the second block for transmitting pressure；51st, water outlet
Hole；52nd, accumulator；53rd, the first valve；54th, the second valve；55th, flowmeter；56th, pond；6th, TT＆C system；61st, control dress
Put；62nd, lifting platform；63rd, high-speed camera instrument；64th, Microexamination device；241st, positioning screw；242nd, mobile；243rd, rotate
Seat；244th, turning arm；245th, rotary shaft；246th, triggering device；246-1, triggering knob；246-2, resetting shaft；246-3, spring；
246-4, limiting tooth；251st, scale；252nd, head is ended.
Embodiment
The invention will be further described below.
As illustrated, a kind of lower gravel medium microscopical structure of osmotic pressure mutation develops experimental provision, including bogey 1, ooze
Pressure mutation device 2, uniaxial loading system 3 and TT＆C system 6, bogey 1 include base 11, right column 12, the and of left column 13
Back timber 14, left column 13 and right column 12 are each attached on base 11, and back timber 14 is enclosed on left column 13 by connecting hole and the right side is vertical
Fixed respectively on post 12 and by the first nut 15 and the second nut 16；
The first block for transmitting pressure 41 and the second block for transmitting pressure 50 are provided with the bogey 1, the first block for transmitting pressure 41 is provided with water inlet
Hole 42, the lower end of inlet opening 42 is provided with the first permeable disk 43 and the first dynamic water-pressure sensor 44, and the second block for transmitting pressure 50 is provided with
Apopore 51, the upper end of apopore 51 is provided with the second permeable disk 48 and the second dynamic water-pressure sensor 49, the lower end of apopore 51
It is connected by pipeline with pond 56, the pipeline between apopore 51 and pond 56 is provided with the second valve 54 and flowmeter 55；
The osmotic pressure mutation device 2 includes cross bar 21, left branch leg 22, right supporting leg 23, release 24, the axis of guide 25, cylinder barrel
26 and impact block 29, the lower end of left branch leg 22 and right supporting leg 23 is fixed on cylinder barrel 26, the upper end of left branch leg 22 and right supporting leg 23
U-shaped fork structure is equipped with, the sidepiece of cylinder barrel 26 is provided with feed water inlet 27 and gap 28, and the position of feed water inlet 27 is higher than gap 28
Position, the bottom of cylinder barrel 26 connects with one end of accumulator 52, and the other end of accumulator 52 passes through pipeline and the first block for transmitting pressure 41
Inlet opening 42 connect, on the pipeline between accumulator 52 and inlet opening 42 be provided with the first valve 53, cross bar 21, which is fixed on, leads
To the upper end of axle 25, impact block 29 is slidably enclosed on the axis of guide 25, and the lower end of the axis of guide 25 is provided with cut-off first 252, the horizontal stroke
The length of bar 21 is more than the air line distance between left branch leg 22 and right supporting leg 23, and the release 24 includes positioning screw 241, lived
Kinetoplast 242, rotating seat 243, turning arm 244 and rotary shaft 245, mobile 242 are enclosed on right supporting leg 23 and by positioning screw
241 fix, and rotating seat 243 is fixed on the side of mobile 242, and rotary shaft 245 is arranged on rotating seat 243, the turning arm
244 one end is flexibly connected by rotary shaft 245 with rotating seat 243, and the other end of turning arm 244 is bifurcation structure, the axis of guide
25 are in bifurcation structure；
The uniaxial loading system 3 includes oil sources 31, loading cylinder 32, accumulator 33, the first reversal valve 34, the second reversal valve
35th, pressure gauge 36 and mangneto displacement transducer 37, loading cylinder 32 are embedded in base 11, and mangneto displacement transducer 37, which is arranged on, to be added
Carry on cylinder 32, the oil inlet and oil-out for loading cylinder 32 are divided to two oil circuits to be connected with oil sources 31, the accumulator 33, which is connected to, to be added
Carry between cylinder 32 and oil sources 31 on one of oil circuit, the reversal valve 35 of pressure gauge 36 and second is arranged at and accumulator 33
On identical oil circuit, the first reversal valve 34 is arranged on another oil circuit；
The TT＆C system 6 includes control device 61, lifting platform 62, high-speed camera instrument 63 and Microexamination device 64, high
Fast video camera 63 and Microexamination device 64 are arranged on lifting platform 62, and control device 61 is passed with high-speed camera instrument 63, mangneto displacement
Sensor 37, pressure gauge 36, the first dynamic water-pressure sensor 44, the second dynamic water-pressure sensor 49 and oil sources 31 are connected.
Further, in addition to protective door 17, protective door 17 is arranged on the sidepiece of bogey 1, the protective door 17 and set
There are transparent windows 18.Protective door 17 is set to prevent that gravel sample 47 occurs after crushing to outside sputtering in experimentation
Grain, and then surrounding environment is impacted.
Further, in addition to triggering device, triggering device is by triggering knob 246-1, resetting shaft 246-2 and spring 246-3,
Resetting shaft 246-2 is cased with spring 246-3 and is supported in the rotating seat 243, and rotating seat is stretched out in resetting shaft 246-2 one end
243 and turning arm 244 is supported, resetting shaft 246-2 is provided with limiting tooth 246-4, rotating seat 243 and is provided with and limiting tooth 246-4
Corresponding stopper slot, triggering knob 246-1 is fixed on resetting shaft 246-2 end.When triggering device is not used, now reset
Axle 246-2 one end stretches out rotating seat 243 and supports turning arm 244, and spring 246-3 is in compressive state, due to limiting tooth
246-4 and rotating seat 243 stopper slot are in buckle state, and resetting shaft 246-2 remains static；When rotation triggers knob
Now limiting tooth 246-4 is in non-buckle state to 246-1 by the stopper slot rotated with rotating seat 243, and then by spring
246-3 reseting elasticity effect, resetting shaft 246-2 is quickly moved into rotating seat 243, resetting shaft 246-2 is integrally entered rotation
In swivel base 243, now turning arm 244 is due to the support without resetting shaft 246-2, its it is affected by gravity can be with rotary shaft 245
Centered on be rotated down so that the impact block 29 for being in turning arm 244 falls along the axis of guide 25.
Further, the control device 61 is microcomputer.
Further, the axis of guide 25 is provided with scale 251.The whereabouts of impact block 29 can be quickly determined provided with scale 251
Distance, consequently facilitating subsequent impacts block 29 fall after impact velocity calculating.
A kind of lower gravel medium microscopical structure of osmotic pressure mutation develops the experimental method of experimental provision, concretely comprises the following steps：
A, the gravel sample 47 prepared fastened using the collar 46, then the second permeable disk 48 and second is installed in its lower end
Upper end after dynamic water-pressure sensor 49 with the second block for transmitting pressure 50 is sealed by high-elastic sealing ring 45, the upper end dress of gravel sample 47
If the lower end after the first permeable disk 43 and the first dynamic water-pressure sensor 44 with the first block for transmitting pressure 41 is close by high-elastic sealing ring 45
Envelope, forms test assembly；
B, by test assembly lower end with loading cylinder 32 upper-end contact, test assembly upper end and back timber 14 connect
Touch, back timber 14 is spacing to back timber 14 by the first nut 15 and the second nut 16；
C, osmotic pressure is mutated after device 2, uniaxial loading system 3 and TT＆C system 6 connect, completes whole device and connected
Journey；
D, the first valve 53 of opening and the second valve 54 are supplied water until in cylinder barrel 26 by feed water inlet 27 into cylinder barrel 26
Water level reaches that the position of gap 28 stops, observing on whole pipeline each joint whether leak, to corresponding positions if having seepage
Carry out secondary seal is put, the sealing propertytest to whole supply channel is completed if without leak, and closes the first valve 53 and the
Two valves 54；
E, uniaxial loading system 3 is set to start working, loading cylinder 32 is applied by the second block for transmitting pressure 50 to gravel sample 47 presses
Power, control device 61 passes through mangneto displacement transducer 37 and the loading speed of the control pressure of pressure gauge 36 in press process is applied
And the maximum pressure value of setting, reach and pressurize is carried out after the maximum pressure value of setting；Now carry out determining head permeability test, open
After first valve 53 and the second valve 54, water in cylinder barrel 26 is with constant current by pipeline from the water inlet of the first block for transmitting pressure 41
Hole 42 flows into gravel sample 47, and enters water after flowmeter 55 from the outflow gravel of apopore 51 sample 47 of the second block for transmitting pressure 50
Pond 56, according to seepage law is that can obtain the permeability parameters of gravel medium under the axial compressive force after flowmeter 55 is stable；
F, after waterflow stabilization permeates impact block 29 is placed on the end of turning arm 244, opening triggering device 246 makes rotation
Axle 245 drives 244 arms of rotation to be rotated down, and now impact block 29 is dropped down onto along under the axis of guide 25 in the impact cylinder barrel 26 of cylinder barrel 26
Water, makes infiltration hydraulic pressure from low pressure abrupt transients to high pressure, and then passes through the first dynamic water-pressure sensor 44 and the second dynamic water-pressure
Sensor 49 detects that the hydraulic pressure value situation of change in permeable disk passes to control device 61 in real time, while high-speed camera instrument 63 passes through
Microexamination device 64 records the modified-image of gravel sample 47 and passes to control device 61 in real time；
The valve 53 of feed water inlet 27 and first is closed after G, completion experiment, the second valve 54 is closed when anhydrous inflow pond,
Gravel sample 47 is unloaded by TT＆C system 6 and uniaxial loading system 3, protective door 17 is finally opened and takes out gravel sample 47,
Close oil sources 31 and TT＆C system 6；
H, water is set as micro- compressible medium, then wherein surge isIn formula, PdFor impact
Pressure；V is that impact block contacts the speed before water；ρw, cwRespectively spread speed of the density and shock wave of water in water；ρs、cs
Respectively spread speed of the density and shock wave of impact block in impact block medium；Approximate also can useCause
This, total osmotic pressure power when osmotic pressure is mutated is Pw=γwh+Pd, in formula, γwFor the unit weight of water；H is liquid level in cylinder barrel to gravel
The vertical range of sample top surface；Loaded by the microscopical structure image of gravel sample 47, hydraulic pressure force data and the sample of collection
Pressure value is analyzed and is depicted as curve map, final to obtain the lower gravel medium microscopical structure development law of osmotic pressure mutation and pore pressure
Changing rule.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of lower gravel medium microscopical structure of osmotic pressure mutation develops experimental provision, it is characterised in that including bogey (1),
Osmotic pressure mutation device (2), uniaxial loading system (3) and TT＆C system (6), bogey (1) include base (11), right column
(12), left column (13) and back timber (14), left column (13) and right column (12) are each attached on base (11), and back timber (14) leads to
Connecting hole is crossed to be enclosed on left column (13) and right column (12) and fix respectively by the first nut (15) and the second nut (16)；
The first block for transmitting pressure (41) and the second block for transmitting pressure (50) are provided with the bogey (1), the first block for transmitting pressure (41) is provided with
Inlet opening (42), the lower end of inlet opening (42) is provided with the first permeable disk (43) and the first dynamic water-pressure sensor (44), and second passes
Briquetting (50) is provided with apopore (51), and the upper end of apopore (51) is sensed provided with the second permeable disk (48) and the second dynamic water-pressure
Device (49), the lower end of apopore (51) is connected by pipeline with pond (56), the pipeline between apopore (51) and pond (56)
It is provided with the second valve (54) and flowmeter (55)；
The osmotic pressure mutation device (2) includes cross bar (21), left branch leg (22), right supporting leg (23), release (24), the axis of guide
(25) lower end of, cylinder barrel (26) and impact block (29), left branch leg (22) and right supporting leg (23) is fixed on cylinder barrel (26), left branch leg
(22) and the upper end of right supporting leg (23) is equipped with U-shaped fork structure, the sidepiece of cylinder barrel (26) is provided with feed water inlet (27) and gap
(28), the position of feed water inlet (27) is higher than the position of gap (28), and cylinder barrel (26) bottom is connected with one end of accumulator (52),
The other end of accumulator (52) is connected by pipeline with the inlet opening (42) of the first block for transmitting pressure (41), in accumulator (52) and water inlet
Pipeline between hole (42) is provided with the first valve (53), and cross bar (21) is fixed on the upper end of the axis of guide (25), impact block (29)
Slidably it is enclosed on the axis of guide (25), the lower end of the axis of guide (25) is provided with cut-off head (252), and the length of the cross bar (21) is more than
Air line distance between left branch leg (22) and right supporting leg (23), the release (24) includes positioning screw (241), mobile
(242), rotating seat (243), turning arm (244) and rotary shaft (245), mobile (242) are enclosed on right supporting leg (23) and passed through
Positioning screw (241) is fixed, and rotating seat (243) is fixed on the side of mobile (242), and rotary shaft (245) is arranged on rotating seat
(243) on, one end of the turning arm (244) is flexibly connected by rotary shaft (245) with rotating seat (243), turning arm (244)
The other end be bifurcation structure, the axis of guide (25) be in bifurcation structure in；
The uniaxial loading system (3) includes oil sources (31), loading cylinder (32), accumulator (33), the first reversal valve (34), second
Reversal valve (35), pressure gauge (36) and mangneto displacement transducer (37), loading cylinder (32) are embedded in base (11), mangneto displacement
Sensor (37) is arranged on loading cylinder (32), and the oil inlet and oil-out of loading cylinder (32) are divided to two oil circuits to connect with oil sources (31)
Connect, the accumulator (33) is connected between loading cylinder (32) and oil sources (31) on one of oil circuit, the pressure gauge (36)
With the second reversal valve (35) be arranged at accumulator (33) identical oil circuit on, the first reversal valve (34) be arranged on another oil
Lu Shang；
The TT＆C system (6) includes control device (61), lifting platform (62), high-speed camera instrument (63) and Microexamination device
(64), high-speed camera instrument (63) and Microexamination device (64) are arranged on lifting platform (62), control device (61) and high-speed camera
Instrument (63), mangneto displacement transducer (37), pressure gauge (36), the first dynamic water-pressure sensor (44), the second dynamic water-pressure sensing
Device (49) and oil sources (31) connection.
2. the lower gravel medium microscopical structure of a kind of osmotic pressure mutation according to claim 1 develops experimental provision, its feature exists
In, in addition to protective door (17), protective door (17) is installed in the sidepiece of bogey (1), and the protective door (17) is provided with saturating
Bright observation window (18).
3. the lower gravel medium microscopical structure of a kind of osmotic pressure mutation according to claim 1 develops experimental provision, its feature exists
In, in addition to triggering device, triggering device is by triggering knob (246-1), resetting shaft (246-2) and spring (246-3), resetting shaft
(246-2) is cased with spring (246-3) and is supported in the rotating seat (243), and rotating seat is stretched out in one end of resetting shaft (246-2)
(243) and turning arm (244) is supported, resetting shaft (246-2) is provided with limiting tooth (246-4), rotating seat (243) and is provided with and limit
The corresponding stopper slot of position tooth (246-4), triggering knob (246-1) is fixed on resetting shaft (246-2) end.
4. the lower gravel medium microscopical structure of a kind of osmotic pressure mutation according to claim 1 develops experimental provision, its feature exists
In the control device (61) is microcomputer.
5. the lower gravel medium microscopical structure of a kind of osmotic pressure mutation according to claim 1 develops experimental provision, its feature exists
In the axis of guide (25) is provided with scale (251).
6. a kind of lower gravel medium microscopical structure of osmotic pressure mutation according to claim 1 develops the experiment side of experimental provision
Method, it is characterised in that concretely comprise the following steps：
A, the gravel sample (47) prepared fastened using the collar (46), then the second permeable disk (48) and the are installed in its lower end
Two dynamic water-pressure sensors (49) are sealed with the upper end of the second block for transmitting pressure (50) by high-elastic sealing ring (45) afterwards, gravel sample
(47) lower end of the first permeable disk (43) and the first dynamic water-pressure sensor (44) afterwards with the first block for transmitting pressure (41) is installed in upper end
Sealed by high-elastic sealing ring (45), form test assembly；
B, by test assembly lower end with loading cylinder (32) upper-end contact, test assembly upper end and back timber (14) connect
Touch, back timber (14) is spacing to back timber (14) by the first nut (15) and the second nut (16)；
C, by osmotic pressure be mutated device (2), uniaxial loading system (3) and TT＆C system (6) connection after, completion whole device connected
Journey；
D, the first valve of opening (53) and the second valve (54) are supplied water until cylinder barrel by feed water inlet (27) into cylinder barrel (26)
(26) water level in reaches that the position of gap (28) stops, observing on whole pipeline each joint whether leak, if there is seepage
Secondary seal then is carried out to relevant position, the sealing propertytest to whole supply channel is completed if without leak, and close first
Valve (53) and the second valve (54)；
E, make uniaxial loading system (3) start working, loading cylinder (32) gravel sample (47) is applied by the second block for transmitting pressure (50)
Plus-pressure, control device (61) passes through mangneto displacement transducer (37) and pressure gauge (36) control pressure in press process is applied
Loading speed and setting maximum pressure value, reach and pressurize carried out after the maximum pressure value of setting；Now carry out determining head and oozing
Test thoroughly, is opened after the first valve (53) and the second valve (54), water in cylinder barrel (26) with constant current by pipeline from
The inlet opening (42) of first block for transmitting pressure (41) flows into gravel sample (47), and is flowed out from the apopore (51) of the second block for transmitting pressure (50)
Gravel sample (47) enters pond (56) after flowmeter (55), according to seepage law is that can obtain after flowmeter (55) is stable
The permeability parameters of gravel medium under the axial compressive force；
F, after waterflow stabilization permeates impact block (29) is placed on turning arm (244) end, opening triggering device (246) makes rotation
Rotating shaft (245) drives rotation (244) arm to be rotated down, and now impact block (29) drops down onto cylinder barrel (26) punching along under the axis of guide (25)
The water hit in cylinder barrel (26), makes infiltration hydraulic pressure from low pressure abrupt transients to high pressure, and then passes through the first dynamic water-pressure sensor
(44) and the second dynamic water-pressure sensor (49) in real time detection permeable disk in hydraulic pressure value situation of change pass to control device
(61), while high-speed camera instrument (63) records the modified-image and biography of gravel sample (47) by Microexamination device (64) in real time
Pass control device (61)；
Feed water inlet (27) and the first valve (53) are closed after G, completion experiment, the second valve is closed when anhydrous inflow pond
(54), gravel sample (47) is unloaded by TT＆C system (6) and uniaxial loading system (3), protective door (17) is finally opened and takes
Go out gravel sample (47), close oil sources (31) and TT＆C system (6)；
H, the pressure value loaded by gravel sample (47) microscopical structure image, hydraulic pressure force data and the sample of collection are divided
Analyse and be depicted as curve map, it is final to obtain the lower gravel medium microscopical structure development law of osmotic pressure mutation and pore pressure changing rule.
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| CN107101896B (en) | 2023-04-07 |
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