CN103940671B - Large load Wide and Thick Slab stretches and crack arrest characteristic test method and test unit thereof - Google Patents
Large load Wide and Thick Slab stretches and crack arrest characteristic test method and test unit thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN103940671B CN103940671B CN201310025308.7A CN201310025308A CN103940671B CN 103940671 B CN103940671 B CN 103940671B CN 201310025308 A CN201310025308 A CN 201310025308A CN 103940671 B CN103940671 B CN 103940671B
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Abstract
Large load Wide and Thick Slab stretches and crack arrest characteristic test method and test unit thereof, relate to the method by the strength characteristics of mechanical stress test solid material or equipment, particularly relate to and apply stable tension force or pulling force by hydraulic pressure, test the large stretching of load Wide and Thick Slab and the test method of crack arrest characteristic and device, by the hydraulic cylinder of two synchronzed press, tensile stress is applied to sample, sample two ends are respectively equipped with a stressed wing, and the stressed wing and sample combine, and form H type stretching and drawing assembly; Two hydraulic cylinders are placed in the both sides of sample side by side, and the stressed wing at Hydraulic Cylinder H type stretching and drawing assembly two ends, directly produces uniform tensile force at the two ends of sample.Test unit of the present invention eliminates the frame of existing cupping machine, keep the original repertoire of cupping machine, and improve the performance of test unit, tension variations scope can be changed flexibly, a few kiloton even pulling force of up to ten thousand tons are provided, meet Wide and Thick Slab, connect soldered joint wide plate and stretch and the requirement of crack arrest test.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the method for strength characteristics with mechanical stress test solid material or equipment, particularly relate to and apply stable tension force or pressure by hydraulic pressure, test the large stretching of load Wide and Thick Slab and the test method of crack arrest characteristic and test unit thereof.
Background technology
Along with the continuous increase of marine Material Transportation amount, drive marine vessel to maximization future development, the manufacture of super large marine and aircraft carrier, deep water submarine all be unable to do without the production of large load Wide and Heavy Plates, the Hatch Opening edge steel plate of Large Container Ship beam and upper deck steel plate, need to use thickness to be greater than the steel plate of 50mm usually.For steel plate, the plane strain state plastic region of steel plate inside diminishes, and under the effect of yield stress, steel plate is inner easily to be produced large stress and makes Crack Extension.For preventing brittle fracture, ensure the security of boats and ships, the position of brittle fracture may be there is to prediction in boats and ships and the significant points of large-scale fracture may be caused, require use to have good fracture toughness and suppress the steel of brittle-cracking propagation characteristic (crack arrest).Therefore, also need more to study the crack arrest of steel.The current crack arrest characteristic test (ESSO test or double tension test) relating to the steel plate having national standard " Butt Joint wide plate test method " and Japan, KR promoting of large tensile load test.There is large-scale drawing machine both at home and abroad at present, but there is no the large-scale crack arrest characteristic testing machine of specialty.Japanese enterprises adopts on the basis of large-scale wide plate test machine (maximum tension load can reach 8000 ton forces), installs the method for related accessories equipment voluntarily additional, carries out crack arrest characteristic test.
Traditional cupping machine all adopts large memorial archway formula vertical structure, and hydraulic cylinder is arranged in the frame of memorial archway shape, and loading force is born by frame completely, and therefore, frame must possess enough rigidity, just can bear the load that testing machine applies sample.Maximum test load is higher, higher to the requirement of frame, and the cost of the large molded breadth/thick plate stretching testing machine of the traditional form therefore more than 1000 ton forces is quite high.
Chinese utility model patent " hydraulic horizontal tension tester " (utility model patent number: ZL200820238937.2 Authorization Notice No.: CN201331438Y) discloses a kind of fluid pressure type horizontal tensile testing machine, is specially adapted to the tensile test of petroleum drilling and oil recovery lifting workpieces.Comprise main frame, hydraulic control system, electronic measurement and control system, main frame comprises frame, tractor, tractor guide rail, two hydraulic cylinders, coaster, coaster guide rails, bears bar, some rolling bearings, and tractor is by drawing vehicle frame and roller forms.After two hydraulic cylinders are positioned at tractor, the forward and backward two ends of two hydraulic cylinders are connected with traction vehicle frame, frame respectively.Coaster is made up of coaster vehicle frame and roller, after coaster is positioned at two hydraulic cylinders.Bear bar to pass between traction vehicle frame center and two hydraulic cylinders, front end is connected with traction vehicle frame front end, and middle part is supported by rolling bearing, and tested workpiece lies on coaster vehicle frame, bear rod rear end to be connected with one end of tested workpiece, the other end of tested workpiece is connected with frame.This utility model can simulate the actual condition of lifting workpieces, has test operation convenient, feature applied widely.The feature that this utility model is large compared with pulling force according to hydraulic cylinder thrust when fixed system pressure, utilizes two thrust hydraulic cylinders common as test power, and by cooperating measure, becoming thrust hydraulic cylinder for testing with bearing draw-bar pull, meeting test function requirement.Although this utility model produces test pulling force by the thrust of two hydraulic cylinders, but the technical scheme of this utility model remains a total Test pulling force and is all applied in frame, therefore, the requirement of the large molded breadth/thick plate stretching test of more than 1000 ton forces cannot still be met.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide a kind of for large load Wide and Thick Slab stretching and crack arrest characteristic test method, can to achieve a butt joint the tension test of soldered joint wide plate and thick plate stretching arrest toughness test (ESSO test) with the cost of relative moderate, to carry out welding performance and the crack arrest characteristic evaluation of plate product.
The present invention solves the problems of the technologies described above adopted technical scheme:
A kind of large load Wide and Thick Slab stretches and crack arrest characteristic test method, and for tension test and the test of thick plate stretching arrest toughness of Butt Joint wide plate, described test method applies tensile stress by the hydraulic cylinder of two synchronzed press to sample, it is characterized in that:
The two ends of described sample are respectively equipped with a stressed wing, and the described stressed wing and sample combine, and form H type stretching and drawing assembly;
Two described hydraulic cylinders are placed in the both sides of sample side by side, and the stressed wing at Hydraulic Cylinder H type stretching and drawing assembly two ends, directly produces uniform tensile force at the two ends of sample;
Inject liquid nitrogen being close in the cooling bath bottom sample, formed sample from bottom to top temperature by the extremely low thermograde to normal temperature;
Utilize the ram hammer of lower hammer structure to apply ballistic work to the indentation, there of ultralow temperature side bottom sample, observe the raw exhibition situation of crackle.
The one preferably technical scheme of test method of the present invention, it is characterized in that the hydraulic circuit of hydraulic cylinder comprises oil pressure sensor, described test method uses computing machine or PLC program, pass through oil pressure sensor, the thrust of monitor and forecast hydraulic cylinder, the thrust of record and analytic liquid cylinder pressure, obtains the force-time curve of sample pulling force.
The better technical scheme of one of test method of the present invention, it is characterized in that described sample is provided with extensometer or foil gauge, described test method obtains displacement-time curve by extensometer; Or obtain the strain data of sample in drawing process by foil gauge.
The technical scheme of a kind of improvement of test method of the present invention, is characterized in that the hydraulic circuit setting program of described hydraulic cylinder controls quick relief function, according to the off-load immediately of test routine hydraulic control cylinder, can keep crack arrest position; Or in sample drawing crack or break, when oil pressure declines suddenly, hydraulic cylinder is off-load immediately automatically, protection test equipment safety.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a kind of large load Wide and Thick Slab of above-mentioned test method that uses and stretches and crack arrest characteristic test unit, and the present invention solves the problems of the technologies described above adopted technical scheme and is:
A kind of large load Wide and Thick Slab of above-mentioned test method that uses stretches and crack arrest characteristic test unit, for tension test and the test of thick plate stretching arrest toughness of Butt Joint wide plate, described test unit comprises two hydraulic cylinders, and for the formation of the cooling bath of thermograde and the ram hammer for applying impulsive force; It is characterized in that:
Described test unit is also included in two stressed wings, and the middle part of each stressed wing is provided with a traction grooved;
Described two stressed wings are arranged opposite at the two ends of described hydraulic cylinder, and the traction grooved of the stressed wing aligns mutually;
A T-shaped guiding piece is welded at the two ends of described sample respectively, and described T-shaped guiding piece embeds in the traction grooved of two stressed wings respectively, combines form H type stretching and drawing assembly with described two stressed wings;
Two described hydraulic cylinders and sample side by side, are placed in the both sides of sample, the stressed wing at Hydraulic Cylinder H type stretching and drawing assembly two ends, by embedding the T-shaped guiding piece of traction grooved, apply uniform tensile force to sample.
The preferred technical scheme of one of test unit of the present invention, is characterized in that described test unit also comprises traction component support, walking track and hydraulic cylinder base; Described H type stretching and drawing assembly relies on himself gravity to be fluidly shelved on traction component support, and described hydraulic cylinder is placed on walking track by hydraulic cylinder base.
The one preferably technical scheme of test unit of the present invention, is characterized in that described test unit also comprises cooling bath lifting travel mechanism; Described cooling bath comprises cooling tank body and a pair sealing clamp, and described sealing clamp is by pressing spring and be bolted on cooling tank body, and described sealing clamp is close to the two sides of sample under the elastic force effect of pressing spring; Arc chord angle is processed in the top of described sealing clamp, is convenient to cooling bath under lifting travel mechanism drives, from bottom to top registration coupon be close to the bottom of sample.
The better technical scheme of one of test unit of the present invention, it is characterized in that described test unit also comprises ram hammer, described ram hammer adopts spring or hammer type type of drive, described ram hammer is placed in the below of sample, can hit by predetermined ballistic work on the breach below sample, sample is cracked.
The technical scheme of a kind of improvement of test unit of the present invention, it is characterized in that described hydraulic cylinder is short stroke hydraulic cylinder, hydraulic cylinder is arranged on hydraulic cylinder base; Stroke pad is furnished with, for the stroke of compensating hydraulic cylinder between the rear and front end of described hydraulic cylinder and the stressed wing; Be furnished with spacer base below described stroke pad, make stroke pad and hydraulic cylinder keep concentric; Described spacer base is placed on walking track.
The technical scheme of a kind of further improvement of test unit of the present invention, it is characterized in that the two ends of the described stressed wing are provided with protecting against shock rod assembly, described protecting against shock rod assembly is furnished with the stock of Compress Spring by two ends and rob support is formed, described rob support is fixed on the described stressed wing, the two ends of described stock, through the hole on rob support, form mechanical type buffer damping mechanism jointly with described Compress Spring.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
1, large load Wide and Thick Slab of the present invention stretches and crack arrest characteristic test method and test unit thereof, not thinning through thickness size tensile property test can be carried out to wide plate soldered joint or slab itself, and corresponding force-time curve can be provided, or displacement-time curve is for industrial analysis, can not only carry out connecing soldered joint wide plate test according to GB/T13450-92, can meet too steel plate crack arrest characteristic test (ESSO test) requirement, maximum sample thickness can reach 80mm and more than.
2, method of the present invention utilizes acting force and reacting force principle dexterously, the pulling force of the stressed wing one-tenth equity in both sides is pushed by means of only hydraulic cylinder, need not transmit load to sample by the rigidity of frame, eliminate frame, the costliness also just saving this part of frame completely drops into.If the pulling force that testing requirements is larger, only need the diameter increasing hydraulic cylinder, the mechanical electronic hydraulic pressure-controlled of test unit etc. are without the need to any change.
3, the stressed wing structure of test unit of the present invention is simple, makes simple and easy, can be welded by thick plates cutting, deform after it bears repeatedly load in the future or weld deteriorated time, only need again to get several pieces of thick plates cutting welding fabrications.Compared with traditional cupping machine, technical scheme of the present invention is not only simple and reliable for structure, and cost is extremely low, and threshold is low, is easy to realize.
4, in test unit device of the present invention, dropping into maximum is also only two large diameter hydraulic cylinders.Only need to choose corresponding cylinder diameter according to the mechanical parameter calculation of testing requirements, from hundreds of ton to a few kiloton pulling force, what need to change is only the diameter of hydraulic cylinder, the version of whole test unit all need not change, and the variation range of test unit pulling force can not cause the huge variation of equipment manufacturing cost.
5, method of the present invention makes full use of the power of hydraulic cylinder rodless cavity, instead of the power of employing hydraulic cylinder rod chamber is used as the pulling force to sample, because rodless cavity area is greater than rod chamber area, the power produced in same oil pressure is larger, the internal diameter of hydraulic cylinder can be reduced, therefore also just decrease cost.When not doing experiment, hydraulic cylinder also can be used for other purposes, thus realizes reusing of main equipment, reduces equipment cost further.
In sum, technical scheme of the present invention is by the structure of short form test device, eliminate this fundamental of frame of existing cupping machine, not only still keep the original repertoire of cupping machine, but also improve the performance of test unit, the tension variations scope of test unit can be changed flexibly, a few kiloton even pulling force of up to ten thousand tons can be provided, the requirement of the stretching of wide plate soldered joint or slab crack arrest test can be met.Therefore, test unit of the present invention, while omission key element, creates unforeseeable technique effect.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of large load Wide and Thick Slab stretching of the present invention and crack arrest characteristic test unit;
Fig. 2 is the vertical view of large load Wide and Thick Slab stretching of the present invention and crack arrest characteristic test unit;
Fig. 3 is the standard sample specification figure of existing arrest toughness test method;
Fig. 4 is the sample welding assembling schematic diagram of existing arrest toughness test method;
Fig. 5 is the assemble welding schematic diagram of the arrest toughness test sample that test unit of the present invention uses;
Fig. 6 is the structural representation of the H type stretching and drawing assembly that the stressed wing forms with the sample welding T-shaped guiding piece;
Fig. 7 is the inner structure schematic diagram of test unit cooling bath position of the present invention;
Fig. 8 is the cooling tank structure schematic diagram of test unit of the present invention;
Fig. 9 is the inner structure schematic diagram of test unit cooling bath off-line state of the present invention;
Figure 10 installs the large load Wide and Thick Slab stretching of safety screen and the schematic diagram of crack arrest characteristic test unit additional;
Figure 11 is the size of sample figure that " GB/T13450-92 Butt Joint wide plate test method " specifies;
Figure 12 is the sample welding assembling schematic diagram of " GB/T13450-92 Butt Joint wide plate test method ".
In figure, 1-sample, 2-T type guiding piece, the stressed wing of 3-, 31-traction grooved, 4-hydraulic cylinder, 5-stroke pad, 6-spacer base, 7-hydraulic cylinder base, 8-walks track, 9-traction component support, 10-protecting against shock rod assembly, 101-Compress Spring, 102-rob support, 11-cooling bath, 111-cooling tank body, 112-sealing clamp, 113-pressing spring, 114-bolt, 12-cooling bath lifting travel mechanism, 13-ram hammer, 15-safety screen.
Embodiment
In order to technique scheme of the present invention can be understood better, describe in detail further below in conjunction with drawings and Examples.
Large load Wide and Thick Slab of the present invention stretches and crack arrest characteristic test method, for tension test and the test of thick plate stretching arrest toughness of Butt Joint wide plate, test method of the present invention has abandoned the memorial archway open frame of existing cupping machine, apply tensile stress by hydraulic cylinder 4 pairs of samples 1 of two synchronzed press, utilize " acting force and reacting force principle " thrust of hydraulic cylinder 4 to be directly changed into from two ends the pulling force that sample 1 applies:
The two ends of sample 1 are respectively equipped with a stressed wing 3, and the stressed wing 3 combines with sample 1, form H type stretching and drawing assembly, as shown in Figure 6.
Two hydraulic cylinders 4 are placed in the both sides of sample 1 side by side, and hydraulic cylinder 4 promotes the stressed wing 3 at H type stretching and drawing assembly two ends, directly produces uniform tensile force at the two ends of sample 1.
According to the one preferably embodiment of test method of the present invention, the hydraulic circuit of hydraulic cylinder 4 comprises oil pressure sensor, test method of the present invention uses computing machine or programmable controller PLC program, pass through oil pressure sensor, the thrust of monitor and forecast hydraulic cylinder, the thrust of record and analytic liquid cylinder pressure, obtains the force-time curve of sample pulling force, for subsequent technique analysis.
According to the better embodiment of the one of test method of the present invention, the both sides of sample 1 are furnished with extensometer (the indispensable accessory of conventional cupping machine), can obtain displacement-time curve by extensometer.Can also determine to stick foil gauge at the relevant position of sample 1 according to technological requirement, directly can measure the strained situation of sample in drawing process, obtain the strain data of sample in drawing process, to be the research accumulation experimental data of novel Wide and Heavy Plates.
According to the embodiment of a kind of improvement of test method of the present invention, the hydraulic circuit setting program of hydraulic cylinder 4 controls quick relief function, according to the off-load immediately of test routine hydraulic control cylinder, can keep crack arrest position; Such as, when crack arrest test, computing machine or PLC control system through extremely short moment time delay, carry out quick relief by programmed control hydraulic system to hydraulic cylinder 4, to eliminate the lagged value that may occur in the moment hydraulic system of sample cracking after driving ram hammer 13 hits.Concrete delay time can be debugged at the scene according to sample material specification and testing requirements and determine, such as 50ms ~ 100ms.Programmed control quick relief function also has the function of protection test equipment safety; in sample drawing crack or can break; when oil pressure declines suddenly; realize hydraulic cylinder 4 off-load immediately automatically; the pressure oil access drain tap of hydraulic cylinder 4 will be led to instantaneously; make oil pressure close to zero, stop test process immediately, thus the safety of warranty test device and operating personnel.
Use above-mentioned large load Wide and Thick Slab to stretch and a large load Wide and Thick Slab of crack arrest characteristic test method stretches and an embodiment of crack arrest characteristic test unit as depicted in figs. 1 and 2, this test unit may be used for tension test and the test of thick plate stretching arrest toughness of Butt Joint wide plate.In the present embodiment, test unit comprises two hydraulic cylinders 4, and two stressed wings 3, and the middle part of each stressed wing 3 is provided with a traction grooved 31; Two stressed wings 3 are arranged opposite at the two ends of hydraulic cylinder 4, and the traction grooved 31 of the stressed wing 3 aligns mutually; A T-shaped guiding piece 2 is welded at the two ends of sample 1 respectively, and T-shaped guiding piece 2 embeds in the traction grooved 31 of two stressed wings 3 respectively, combines and forms H type stretching and drawing assembly, as shown in Figure 6 with described two stressed wings 3.
Two hydraulic cylinders 4 are arranged side by side with sample 1, be placed in the both sides of sample 1, can find out in the vertical view shown in Fig. 2, two, the left and right vertical line of the letter " H " of H type stretching and drawing assembly is two stressed wings 3, the horizontal line of letter " H " is sample 1, two hydraulic cylinders 4 lay respectively in two spaces up and down of letter " H ", arranged side by side with sample 1.Hydraulic cylinder 4 promotes the stressed wing 3 at H type stretching and drawing assembly two ends, by embedding the T-shaped guiding piece 2 of traction grooved 31, applies uniform tensile force to sample 1.
In the embodiment of the test unit of the present invention shown in Fig. 1, test unit also comprises traction component support 9, walking track 8 and hydraulic cylinder base 7; H type stretching and drawing assembly relies on himself gravity to be fluidly shelved on traction component support 9, hydraulic cylinder 4 is placed on walking track 8 by hydraulic cylinder base 7, only represent the moving direction of walking track 8 in Fig. 1 with four-headed arrow, have ignored concrete track structure.
In order to more clearly represent the inner structure of test unit of the present invention, the embodiment shown in Fig. 7 and Fig. 9 only represents one in two hydraulic cylinders, so that the cooling bath 11 shown in the inner structure of test unit and cooling bath lifting travel mechanism 12; The structure of cooling bath 11 as shown in Figure 8, comprise cooling tank body 111 and a pair sealing clamp 112, sealing clamp 112 is connected on cooling tank body 111 by pressing spring 113 and bolt 114, and sealing clamp 112, under the elastic force effect of pressing spring 113, is close to the two sides of sample 1; Arc chord angle is processed in the top of sealing clamp 112, is convenient to cooling bath 11 under lifting travel mechanism 12 drives, from bottom to top registration coupon 1 be close to the bottom of sample 1.Cooling bath 11 is for holding the liquid nitrogen of cooling samples 1, and the part lays wool felt that cooling tank body 111 contacts with sample 1 with sealing clamp 112, with enhanced leaktightness effect, prevents liquid nitrogen from flowing out.
In the embodiment shown in Fig. 7 and Fig. 9, test unit of the present invention also comprises ram hammer 13, ram hammer 13 adopts spring or hammer type type of drive, ram hammer 13 is placed in the below of sample, in experimentation, ram hammer 13 can hit by predetermined ballistic work on the breach below sample 1, and sample is cracked.
According to the embodiment of a kind of improvement of test unit of the present invention, in order to reduce cost, hydraulic cylinder 4 adopts short stroke hydraulic cylinder, and hydraulic cylinder 4 is arranged on hydraulic cylinder base 7; Stroke pad 5 is furnished with, for the stroke of compensating hydraulic cylinder 4 between the rear and front end of hydraulic cylinder 4 and the stressed wing 3; The head of stroke pad 5 adopts spherical male and female face to contact with between the stressed wing 4, and the dislocation that when there is elastic deformation produce stressed with the stressed wing of partial offset 3.Be furnished with spacer base 6 below stroke pad 5, make stroke pad 5 keep concentric with hydraulic cylinder 4; Spacer base 6 is placed on walking track 8.Hydraulic cylinder base 7 and spacer base 6 are provided with road wheel, when hydraulic cylinder 4 lead to oil eject time, hydraulic cylinder 4 and stroke pad 5 can along slippages before and after the four-headed arrow direction of the walking track 8 shown in Fig. 1.
In the embodiment of the test unit of the present invention shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, the two ends of the stressed wing 3 are provided with protecting against shock rod assembly 10, protecting against shock rod assembly 10 is furnished with the stock of Compress Spring 101 by two ends and rob support 102 is formed, rob support 102 is fixed on the stressed wing 3, the two ends of stock, through the hole on rob support 102, form mechanical type buffer damping mechanism jointly with Compress Spring 101.
Hydrostatic control in test method of the present invention and test unit is fairly simple, and all belong to conventional hydraulic control technology, no further details to be given herein, only proposes hydraulic pressure designing requirement as follows:
1. two hydraulic cylinders 4 must design synchronization loop, and to ensure that two hydraulic cylinder synchronous promote, H type stretching and drawing assembly stress equalization, does not offset.
2. system passes into the pressure oil of part hydraulic cylinder 4 must be large pressure, low discharge, guarantees that the piston rod of hydraulic cylinder can only slowly stretch.
Large pressure: after the tensile force f needed for technique is determined, because the conventional pressure p of hydraulic system is generally 28Mpa, therefore can calculate piston area S (S=F/p), then piston diameter D is again by formula S=π D
2/ 4 calculate.
Low discharge: regulate " throttling valve ", limit the oil delivery rate to hydraulic cylinder rod chamber, guarantee that the speed of stretching out of hydraulic cylinder piston is about about 5mm/s, can not be excessive, to guarantee safety.
From the angle of forcing safety, can also the stressed wing 3 secure mechanical backstop is set, preventing member sample 1 transships the moment part (3) stressed wing quick slippage and produce equipment or personnel and injure to both sides of breaking.But, as long as meet above-mentioned the 2. article to hydraulic cylinder 4 low discharge fuel feeding, quick relief function when hydraulic control system has an oil pressure sudden change simultaneously, then counterpart protecting against shock rod assembly 10, so this risk is completely in controllable scope.After the additional safety screen 15 of device of the present invention, test unit of the present invention as shown in figure 11, is placed on steel platform in figure by its profile, the height of safety screen 15 a little less than the height of sighting line of operating personnel, operating personnel can outside safety screen 15 viewing test process.
In order to further illustrate the huge advantage of technical scheme of the present invention, the 4000 tonnes of drawing machines of contrast tradition here and the significant difference of technical scheme of the present invention in cost: certain 4000 tonnes of drawing machine Zao Jia $5000 ten thousand yuan domestic; And use technical scheme of the present invention, the hydraulic cylinder about 1,000,000 of two the most expensive diameter 1000/700mm, other structural member such as slab, support gross weight about 17 tons, add simple hydraulic pressure and pneumatic control, total cost can control $300 ~ 5,000,000 yuan completely, 10% of not enough existing 4000 tonnes of drawing machine costs; And technical scheme of the present invention can also realize 8000 tonnes even tension test of ton.
Below with reference to embodiment, test method of the present invention and test unit are described in detail further.
embodiment 1: slab crack arrest characteristic is tested
In embodiment 1, test method of the present invention and test unit are used in the arrest toughness test method " GuidelinesonBrittleCrackArrestDesign " of Nippon kaiji kyokai's proposition, sample (Specimen) specification as shown in Figure 3, by its two ends welding guiding piece (Tabplate), as shown in Figure 4; Then apply pulling force at sample two ends, and produce the thermograde of 0.25 ~ 0.35 DEG C/mm in specimen height direction, finally the indentation, there of ultralow temperature side is applied to the ballistic work of 20 ~ 60J/mm thickness of slab, observe the raw exhibition situation of crackle.Test method is divided into two kinds, and a kind of test is given pulling force, measures crack arrest position; Crack arrest position is specified in another kind of test, and test needs how many pulling force.
According to this arrest toughness test method (ESSO test method), adopt the experimentation of test unit of the present invention as follows:
Sample 1 is processed into shape as shown in Figure 3, then two stressed guiding pieces are welded at two ends---T-shaped guiding piece 2, composition arrest toughness test sample as shown in Figure 5, again Fig. 5 is welded sample 1 integral hoisting of T-shaped guiding piece 2, T-shaped guiding piece 2 is embedded in the traction grooved 31 of two stressed wings 3, form H type stretching and drawing assembly as shown in Figure 6.Although the structure of H type stretching and drawing assembly is slightly different from Fig. 4, testing requirements sample both sides being applied to " even distributed force " can be met better.
The stressed wing 3 is welded by thick plates cutting, and its profile is see Fig. 6, and the stressed wing 3 less demanding, make simple and easy, the stressed wing 3 relates to basic demand and is: in several parts of Fig. 6, and sample 1 is " slim " of easily breaking.According to the requirement of drag load, can according to stress distribution at the both sides of slab welding reinforcement, dispersive stress meets above basic demand.The stressed wing 3 can Reusability, deform after it bears repeatedly load in the future or weld deteriorated time, only need to get several blocks of slabs and be again welded into the new stressed wing 3.
As shown in Figure 1, by sample 1, the H type stretching and drawing component integration lifting that T-shaped guiding piece 2 and the stressed wing 3 form, relies on himself gravity to be fluidly shelved on traction component support 9.When the rodless cavity of hydraulic cylinder 4 passes into pressure oil, when piston rod ejects, its thrust, on the stressed wing 3 of both sides, pushes the stressed wing 3, namely forms the pulling force to sample 1 to both sides.
At the two ends of the stressed wing 3, protecting against shock rod assembly 10 is installed; when sample 1 burst is broken; the stressed wing 3 to both sides slippage in a flash; mechanical type buffer damping is provided by Compress Spring 101; prevent test unit from damaging; this mechanism and hydraulic protection system with the use of, the object of duplicate protection equipment and personal security can be reached.
Continue to add liquid nitrogen in cooling bath 11, by the requirement of ESSO crack arrest test method, the temperature from bottom to top of sample 1 can be formed by the extremely low thermograde to normal temperature.Punched and pre-buried thermopair by the prior short transverse at sample 1, by the Changing Pattern of actual measurement specimen temperature, temperature-time curve can be obtained, according to the temperature-time curve of actual measurement acquisition, just can be calculated the temperature of sample by timing later.
Cooling bath 11 is arranged in cooling bath lifting travel mechanism 12, when the short transverse of sample 1 reaches predetermined thermograde, the elevating mechanism of cooling bath lifting travel mechanism 12 falls, cooling bath 11 is driven to depart from sample 1 downwards, then walking is traversing to side fast, expose the breach of center below sample 1, as shown in Figure 9.Then drive ram hammer 13 upwards, hit on the breach below sample 1 by predetermined ballistic work, sample 1 is cracked, quick relief is realized to hydraulic cylinder 4 simultaneously.Then by observing the crack arrest position of crackle, analyzing and obtaining relevant process results.
Ram hammer 13 can adopt the mode such as spring or hammer type to drive.If turned upside down by sample 1, the mode of dropping hammer can also be adopted to realize more accurate ballistic work.But because ESSO test method regulation must be hit in ultralow temperature indentation, there, instead of close to the indentation, there of normal temperature, if therefore adopt upper hammer, then liquid nitrogen can only be watered from the top down, liquid nitrogen will inevitably trickle downwards, cannot form the thermograde required by this test method.Therefore ram hammer 13 is arranged on below sample 1 by technical scheme of the present invention, namely adopts lower hammer structure.
embodiment 2: Butt Joint wide plate test
In example 2, test method of the present invention and test unit are used for not needing to apply temperature cooling gradient, the tension test applying ballistic work is not needed yet, as national standard " GB/T13450-92 Butt Joint wide plate test method ", only require and tension test is carried out to wide plate welding situation.
As shown in figure 11, its assemble welding as shown in figure 12 for the sample specified in GB GB/T13450-92.ESSO method in comparative examples 1, the stressed and method of clamping of Figure 11 and Figure 12 completely can corresponding diagram 3 and Fig. 5.Therefore, the method and apparatus of this patent can be directly used in and carry out GB/T13450-92 test, does not just need to use the cooling bath 11 shown in Fig. 7 and Fig. 9, cooling bath lifting travel mechanism 12 and ram hammer 13.
Those of ordinary skill in the art will be appreciated that; above embodiment is only used to technical scheme of the present invention is described; and be not used as limitation of the invention; any the above embodiment is done based on connotation of the present invention change, modification, all will drop in the protection domain of claim of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a large load Wide and Thick Slab stretches and crack arrest characteristic test method, for tension test and the test of thick plate stretching arrest toughness of Butt Joint wide plate, described test method applies tensile stress by the hydraulic cylinder of two synchronzed press to sample, it is characterized in that:
The two ends of described sample are respectively equipped with a stressed wing, and the described stressed wing and sample combine, and form H type stretching and drawing assembly;
Two described hydraulic cylinders are placed in the both sides of sample side by side, and the stressed wing at Hydraulic Cylinder H type stretching and drawing assembly two ends, directly produces uniform tensile force at the two ends of sample;
Inject liquid nitrogen being close in the cooling bath bottom sample, formed sample from bottom to top temperature by the extremely low thermograde to normal temperature;
Utilize the ram hammer of lower hammer structure to apply ballistic work to the indentation, there of ultralow temperature side bottom sample, observe the raw exhibition situation of crackle.
2. large load Wide and Thick Slab according to claim 1 stretches and crack arrest characteristic test method, it is characterized in that the hydraulic circuit of hydraulic cylinder comprises oil pressure sensor, described test method uses computing machine or PLC program, pass through oil pressure sensor, the thrust of monitor and forecast hydraulic cylinder, the thrust of record and analytic liquid cylinder pressure, obtains the force-time curve of sample pulling force.
3. large load Wide and Thick Slab according to claim 1 stretches and crack arrest characteristic test method, and it is characterized in that described sample is provided with extensometer or foil gauge, described test method obtains displacement-time curve by extensometer; Or obtain the strain data of sample in drawing process by foil gauge.
4. large load Wide and Thick Slab according to claim 1 stretches and crack arrest characteristic test method, it is characterized in that the hydraulic circuit setting program of described hydraulic cylinder controls quick relief function, according to the off-load immediately of test routine hydraulic control cylinder, crack arrest position can be kept; Or in sample drawing crack or break, when oil pressure declines suddenly, hydraulic cylinder is off-load immediately automatically, protection test equipment safety.
5. the large load Wide and Thick Slab realizing the test method use of any one claim of Claims 1-4 stretches and crack arrest characteristic test unit, for tension test and the test of thick plate stretching arrest toughness of Butt Joint wide plate, described test unit comprises two hydraulic cylinders, and for the formation of the cooling bath of thermograde and the ram hammer for applying impulsive force; It is characterized in that:
Described test unit is also included in two stressed wings, and the middle part of each stressed wing is provided with a traction grooved;
Described two stressed wings are arranged opposite at the two ends of described hydraulic cylinder, and the traction grooved of the stressed wing aligns mutually;
A T-shaped guiding piece is welded at the two ends of described sample respectively, and described T-shaped guiding piece embeds in the traction grooved of two stressed wings respectively, combines form H type stretching and drawing assembly with described two stressed wings;
Two described hydraulic cylinders and sample side by side, are placed in the both sides of sample, the stressed wing at Hydraulic Cylinder H type stretching and drawing assembly two ends, by embedding the T-shaped guiding piece of traction grooved, apply uniform tensile force to sample.
6. large load Wide and Thick Slab according to claim 5 stretches and crack arrest characteristic test unit, it is characterized in that described test unit also comprises traction component support, walking track and hydraulic cylinder base; Described H type stretching and drawing assembly relies on himself gravity to be fluidly shelved on traction component support, and described hydraulic cylinder is placed on walking track by hydraulic cylinder base.
7. large load Wide and Thick Slab according to claim 5 stretches and crack arrest characteristic test unit, it is characterized in that described test unit also comprises cooling bath lifting travel mechanism; Described cooling bath comprises cooling tank body and a pair sealing clamp, and described sealing clamp is by pressing spring and be bolted on cooling tank body, and described sealing clamp is close to the two sides of sample under the elastic force effect of pressing spring; Arc chord angle is processed in the top of described sealing clamp, is convenient to cooling bath under lifting travel mechanism drives, from bottom to top registration coupon be close to the bottom of sample.
8. large load Wide and Thick Slab according to claim 5 stretches and crack arrest characteristic test unit, it is characterized in that described ram hammer adopts spring or hammer type type of drive, described ram hammer is placed in the below of sample, can hit by predetermined ballistic work on the breach below sample, sample is cracked.
9. the large load Wide and Thick Slab according to any one claim of claim 5 to 8 stretches and crack arrest characteristic test unit, and it is characterized in that described hydraulic cylinder is short stroke hydraulic cylinder, hydraulic cylinder is arranged on hydraulic cylinder base; Stroke pad is furnished with, for the stroke of compensating hydraulic cylinder between the rear and front end of described hydraulic cylinder and the stressed wing; Be furnished with spacer base below described stroke pad, make stroke pad and hydraulic cylinder keep concentric; Described spacer base is placed on walking track.
10. the large load Wide and Thick Slab according to any one claim of claim 5 to 8 stretches and crack arrest characteristic test unit, it is characterized in that the two ends of the described stressed wing are provided with protecting against shock rod assembly, described protecting against shock rod assembly is furnished with the stock of Compress Spring by two ends and rob support is formed, described rob support is fixed on the described stressed wing, the two ends of described stock, through the hole on rob support, form mechanical type buffer damping mechanism jointly with described Compress Spring.
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| CN201510612668.6A CN105181464B (en) | 2013-01-23 | 2013-01-23 | Big load Wide and Thick Slab Erichsen test method and its experimental rig |
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| CN104374643A (en) * | 2014-11-07 | 2015-02-25 | 三一重型装备有限公司 | System for detecting tensile property |
| CN105486556A (en) * | 2015-12-04 | 2016-04-13 | 山东钢铁股份有限公司 | Steel plate strain impact sample processing method |
| CN107063853B (en) * | 2017-06-16 | 2023-08-11 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Clamp for testing shear performance of V-shaped notch beam sample |
| CN110320106A (en) * | 2019-08-12 | 2019-10-11 | 山西煤矿机械制造股份有限公司 | A kind of dumbbell pin factory strength test device |
| CN110836798B (en) * | 2019-10-31 | 2022-11-08 | 中国船舶重工集团公司第七二五研究所 | Large-size structural type sample, manufacturing method thereof and method for performing crack arrest test by using sample |
| CN115365696B (en) * | 2022-08-25 | 2023-10-10 | 河北鑫达钢铁集团有限公司 | Hot rolled H-shaped steel weldability test method and device adopting same |
| CN116698596B (en) * | 2023-08-07 | 2023-10-20 | 长沙双江包装有限公司 | Intensity testing device after corrugated board production molding |
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| CN105181464B (en) | 2018-03-09 |
| CN103940671A (en) | 2014-07-23 |
| CN105181464A (en) | 2015-12-23 |
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