CN103932346A - 一种可溶性玉米须全营养素制备方法 - Google Patents
一种可溶性玉米须全营养素制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
- A23V2002/00—Food compositions, function of food ingredients or processes for food or foodstuffs
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种玉米须的加工方法，其步骤为：采集→除杂→漂洗→晾干→初烘→溶解→氧化降解→浓缩→喷雾干燥→包装。本发明对玉米须进行去杂质和降解工艺，并利用喷雾干燥或者冷冻干燥制备可溶性玉米须提取物，玉米须提取物在冲泡后，无青味和涩味及杂质，口感好；本工艺经过氧化降解大分子多糖为寡糖物质加工工序，使玉米须所有有效活性物质全部溶解，经过喷雾干燥或者冷冻干燥加工工艺制备可溶性玉米须提取物，工艺过程无废弃物产生，玉米须全部溶解于终产物并保留其全部有效成分。可应用于饮料、食品、保健品等行业领域。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及食品饮料生产技术领域。一种玉米须可溶性粉剂可作人类保健饮料与食品的的制备方法。
背景技术
玉米须为禾本科玉蜀属植物玉米的花柱和柱头，其性甘、平，无毒，具有消肿利尿、平肝利胆、降血糖之功效，《现代实用中药》中将玉米须指定为利尿药。其主要化学成分有挥发油、皂苷、生物碱、黄酮类、多聚戊糖、尿囊素、有机酸等，现代药理研究证明玉米须有显著的降血糖、增强胃肠运动、增强免疫、降血脂等功效。玉米须中黄酮类物质的含量多达2.1106％，而玉米叶中含量为1.1013％、玉米芯中含0.1662％、玉米粒仅含0.1411％，玉米须黄酮类物质的含量是玉米粒的15倍多。玉米须含16种氨基酸，总氨基酸含量达13.3％，其中人体必需的氨基酸有7种，含量占总氨基酸含量的1/3，其含有的绿原酸是植物在有氧呼吸过程中形成的一种苯丙素类物质，具有利胆、抗菌、降压、增高白血球及兴奋中枢神经系统等多种药理作用。玉米须中含钾(K)、钠(Na)、钙(Ca)、铁(Fe)、铜(Cu)、钴(Co)、镍(Ni)、锌(Zn)、锰(Mn)、镁(Mg)、铬(Cr)等11种微量元素。
玉米须的药理及保健功能主要有：
1、抗氧化活性，主要表现在减少自由基的产生和清除自由基等方面。玉米须的提取物在浓度很低时，也表现出很好的抗氧化能力。在鲁米诺H2O2-CuSO4发光体系中，玉米须水提物清除自由基的能力比速溶茶弱，但高于大豆异黄酮、VC、刺槐花、花生壳丙酮提取物、玉米须醇提取物和怀山药醇提取物。
2、玉米须提取物具有明显的抗肿瘤活性，玉米须提取物对荷瘤小鼠肿瘤生长具有明显的抑瘤作用，较低剂量抑肉瘤作用明显，可延长肉瘤荷瘤鼠存活时间，增加吞噬指数a、廓清指数k及胸腺系数，对体外淋巴细胞转化功能亦有增强作用，具有明显的抗肿瘤活性。
3、多糖免疫功能，玉米须多糖具有较强的调节小鼠体液免疫功能和一定程度调节小鼠巨噬功能的作用。
4、抑制亚硝化反应，玉米须的提取物能有效消除亚硝酸盐和阻断强癌物N-亚硝胺(NDMA)的合成，玉米(苞)叶、玉米芯和玉米粒提取物也具有较好的抑制和阻断作用，其阻断和清除率随提取物浓度的增加而增加，以玉米须阻断清除作用最佳，其次为玉米叶、玉米芯，玉米粒最次。黄酮的含量越高，其对N-亚硝酸胺合成的阻断和对亚硝酸盐的清除效果越好。
玉米须是我国传统的中药材，又有重要的食疗作用，玉米须价廉易得，又是良好的中药材。中国的玉米种植面积约为2350万km2，玉米产量居世界第2位，估算玉米须的总产量已多年突破110亿t。作为玉米副产物的玉米须，资源巨大，但大部分玉米食品加工企业将玉米须作为废弃物，市面上应用玉米须的食品可谓少之又少，目前除少量玉米须入药外，大部分被白白丢弃。玉米须化学成分、药理作用及医疗保健作用有待于深入研究，对玉米须在药用、食疗以及保健品等领域进一步精细加工以及工业化开发，提高其经济附加值，前景十分广阔。因此它的开发利用具有广阔的发展前景。
目前玉米须多用回流提取法、或者超声辅助酶法等水提法提取玉米须多糖与黄酮，但是提取率较低，约在5％以下。
发明内容
本发明提供了一种玉米须的氧化降解提取工艺，将玉米须中的全部营养物质提取出来，通过喷雾干燥或冷冻干燥，得可溶性的玉米须全营养素，生产工艺过程无废弃物产生。可应用于玉米须功能性饮料和食品的开发。
以上所述的可溶性玉米须全营养素制备方法包括以下步骤：
(1)玉米须采集、除杂、漂洗、晾干、初烘。
(2)烘干的玉米须在混酸体系中进行溶解，形成均一混合物。
(3)玉米须溶解后的混合物在40～80℃经过氧化降解，时间为2～8小时。
(4)玉米须降解液经过浓缩、喷雾干燥或冷冻干燥，即得玉米须全营养素。
本发明提供了一种玉米须的氧化降解提取工艺，将玉米须中的全部营养物质提取出来，通过喷雾干燥或冷冻干燥，得可溶性的玉米须全营养素，生产工艺过程无废弃物产生。可应用于玉米须功能性饮料和食品的开发。
以上所述的可溶性玉米须全营养素制备方法包括以下步骤：
(1)玉米须采集、除杂、漂洗、晾干、初烘。
(2)烘干的玉米须在混酸体系中进行溶解，形成均一混合物。
(3)玉米须溶解后的混合物在40～80℃经过氧化降解，时间为2～8小时。
(4)玉米须降解液经过浓缩、喷雾干燥或冷冻干燥，即得玉米须全营养素。
本发明提供了一种玉米须的氧化降解提取工艺，将玉米须中的全部营养物质提取出来，通过喷雾干燥或冷冻干燥，得可溶性的玉米须全营养素，生产工艺过程无废弃物产生。可应用于玉米须功能性饮料和食品的开发。
以上所述的可溶性玉米须全营养素制备方法包括以下步骤：
(1)玉米须采集、除杂、漂洗、晾干、初烘。
(2)烘干的玉米须在混酸体系中进行溶解，形成均一混合物。
(3)玉米须溶解后的混合物在40～80℃经过氧化降解，时间为2～8小时。
(4)玉米须降解液经过浓缩、喷雾干燥或冷冻干燥，即得玉米须全营养素。
具体实施方式
实施例1
喷雾干燥制备可溶性玉米须全营养素——取烘干的玉米须500g，加入5倍体积的60％混合酸，其中柠檬酸30％、醋酸30％，在温度为40℃条件下，溶解3小时，形成均一混合物。将上述混合物加入过氧化氢及1％催化剂在70℃，同时120rmp搅拌速度下经氧化降解7小时。降解液经过碳酸钠调节ph值、浓缩、喷雾干燥制得玉米须全营养素，色泽土黄，生产工艺无废弃无产生，该制品可全溶于水。
实施例2
冷冻干燥制备可溶性玉米须全营养素——取烘干的玉米须1kg，加入6倍体积的70％混合酸，其中柠檬酸30％、醋酸40％，在温度为50℃条件下，溶解2.5小时，形成均一混合物。将上述混合物加入过氧化氢及1％催化剂在80℃，同时140rmp搅拌速度下经氧化降解6.5小时。降解液经过碳酸钠调节ph值、浓缩、冷冻干燥制得玉米须全营养素，色泽纯白，生产工艺无废弃无产生，该制品可全溶于水。
实施例3
玫瑰花、枸杞、玉米须复合饮料制备——取冷冻干燥制得玉米须全营养素10g；新鲜枸杞破碎去杂质取液体10g；玫瑰花10g在60℃条件下，采用超声辅助，用100ml水提取6小时，补充至100ml，取三项定容至2000ml制得保健饮料。
Claims (7)
1.一种可溶性玉米须全营养素制备方法，其特征是它包括下列步骤：(1)玉米须采集、除杂、漂洗、晾干、初烘。(2)烘干的玉米须进行溶解，形成均一混合物。(3)玉米须溶解后的混合物在40～80℃经过氧化降解，时间为2～8小时。(4)玉米须降解液经过浓缩、喷雾干燥或冷冻干燥，即得玉米须全营养素。(5)该生产过程无废弃物产生，终产物保留玉米须全部有效成分并可溶于水。
2.根据权利要求1所述玉米须全营养素制备工艺，其特征是玉米须溶解于一种或几种食用级的酸中，形成均一的混合物。
3.根据权利要求2所述玉米须全营养素制备工艺，其特征是，所述的酸指柠檬酸、醋酸等的一种或几种酸的混合物，酸溶液的浓度为20％～80％。溶解温度为30～80℃。
4.根据权利要求1所述的玉米须全营养素制备工艺，其特征是，利用玉米须氧化降解提取工艺。
5.根据权利要求4所述的玉米须全营养素制备工艺，其特征是，应用的氧化剂为过氧化氢，氧化剂的浓度为4％～35％，采用滴加、流加或与玉米须溶解液混合的方法进行氧化降解，氧化降解的温度为40～80℃，搅拌速度为80rmp～200rmp。氧化降解的时间为2～8h。氧化过程中催化剂的含量为1％～5％。
6.根据权利要求1所述的玉米须全营养素制备工艺，其特征是，玉米须降解液的干燥工艺。
7.根据权利要求6所述的玉米须全营养素制备工艺，其特征是，终产物经粗过滤、浓缩后进行喷雾干燥或冷冻干燥，制备可溶性粉剂。
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